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Karakteristik Danau
- Daerah cekungan tertutup, dgn air tergenang (lentic waters)
- Retensi/daya simpan air (waktu rata2 molekul2 air utk
tersimpan dlm danau) bervariasi :
hanya bbrp hari s.d.ratusan tahun, tergtg dr ukuran
danau & laju inflow/outflow
Thermal stratification
- Melelehnya salju saat musim semi densitas air lebih tinggi,
tenggelam & terjd percampuran dg volume danau/reservoir
~~> turnover
- Saat air permukaan panas & densitas air kurang, peningkatan
kekuatan utk tidak bercampur
- Perbedaan temperatur antara lapisan2 kolom air meski hanya
bbrp derajat cukup utk mencegah terjdnya sirkulasi air
danau/reservoir terstratifikasi termal
Forel (1904) developed a thermal classification system
a.Temperate lakes
b.Tropical lakes
c. Polar lakes
CHARACTERISTICS
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
Amictic Lakes
Holomictic Lakes
Cold Monomictic
Warm Monomictic
Dimictic
07/10/2011
Oligomictic
Polymictic
Shallow lakes
b.p. (
ice scour lakes
morainal lakes
ice block/kettle lakes
Includes most of the
Pembentukan Danau
Cekungan danau terbtk dr proses2 seperti :
Aktivitas glasial
Pergerakan kulit/kerak bumi
Sungai-sungai
Proses2 pelarutan mineral dlm tanah
Aktivitas manusia
Moraine :
- bentukan oleh bagian depan sungai
es yg bergerak maju.
- terbentuk selama akhir abad es.
- sangat tidak stabil dan kadangkadang menimbulkan banjir besar
sementara gletser menyusut,
semakin banyak danau moraine
mel ap
meluap.
Ice scour :
Lembaran/pecahan es bergerak di permukaan
menghasilkan danau2 kecil
07/10/2011
HW
TM
TM
HW
TM
HW
Landslide formed
shallow depressions
L. Okeechobee, FL
Landslide Lakes
Mountain Lake, VA, US
One of two natural
lakes in Virginia
Formed when
landslide dammed a
mountain valley
The lake is estimated
to be about 6,000
years old and
geologists believe it
must have been
formed by rock slides
and damming
07/10/2011
Crater/caldera Lakes
Lake occupies a
caldera or collapsed
volcanic crater/cone
If cone blows out the
side like Mt. St. Helens,
no basin left
http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/fact-sheet/fs092-02/
Steep sides
Low nutrient soils
Unproductive
Extremely clear
www.cs.uoregon.edu/.../oregon/large/
Deposition gradually seals off the old meander bend forming a new straighter
river channel.
Due to deposition the old meander bend is left isolated from the main channel
Solution Lakes
Lake basins can be formed
when subsurface mineral
deposits (like halite or
limestone) dissolve leaving a
void which collapses resulting
in a basin
Florida,
The lakes of central Florida
US, form a solution basin lake
district
USBR: http://www.hooverdam.usbr.gov/
07/10/2011