Unsafe/Unhealthy

Acts/Conditions

SESSION OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the session, the participants
will be able to:
Discuss the basic causes of workplace
accidents
Define and differentiate accidents, unsafe
acts and unsafe conditions
Identify and enumerate different situations
and practices that constitute unsafe act and
unsafe condition

WORK SYSTEM
People

Equipment

Environment

Materials

ACCIDENT THEORY

People

Environment

Equipment

Materials

LETS CHECK THIS

ACCIDENT
n An

occurrence or
event that is
- unexpected
- unforeseen
- unplanned, and
- unwanted

damage,
injury, loss
or death

TYPES OF ACCIDENTS

nFall

to below (nahulog/nahulugan)

Struck against (man in motion)

Fall on same level

(nadulas/nadapa)
n

nCaught

in ( in running/ naipit )

Caught on ( snugged o nasabit)

Struck by ( man stationary/hit by)

I
C

Direct Costs

E
B
E
R
G

T
H
E
O
R
Y

Indirect Costs

Direct Cost of Accidents

Medical Expenses
Equipment Damage
Wasted Raw Materials
Insurance Premiums
Litigation Expenses

Indirect Cost of Accidents

1 Injured Workers
Lesser productivity due to interruption on day of
injury
Loss in efficiency
Loss of income
2 Other Employees
loss productivity due to:
work stoppage out of curiosity
when assisting injured worker
due to inspection
Loss in efficiency out of sympathy to the injured
Additional cost due to completion of added work

Indirect Cost of Accidents

3. Supervisors
lost productivity :
when assisting the injured
due to accident investigation
in preparing reports
during inspection
4. Replacement worker
hiring or training
5. Equipment
downtime

Humane Aspects
n
n
n
n

Sorrow due to loss

Hardships and inconveniences
Physical pain/discomfort
Psychological problems

10

Accident Causation

PRIMARY CAUSES OF
ACCIDENTS
n

Unsafe Act

Unsafe Condition

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Unsafe/Unhealthy
ACT Violation of commonly-accepted safe
procedures or processes
CONDITION

Physical/mechanical/
environmental condition
which could have been
guarded or prevented
American National Safety Institute (ANSI)

UNSAFE ACT
nA

human action that departs from a

standard or written job procedure or
common practice, safety rules,
regulations, or instructions.

nA

violation of a commonly-accepted
safe procedures and or processes.

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Factors Contributing to Unsafe

Acts
Improper Attitude
Physical Limitations
Lack of Knowledge or
Skills

Improper Attitudes
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n

Operating Equipment without Authority

Disregard of SOP or instructions
Removing Safety Devices
Using Defective equipment
Improperly/non-use of PPEs
Horseplay
Willful intent to injure
Working while under the influence
of alcohol or drugs

13

Unsafe Condition
The physical or chemical
property of a material,
machine or the
environment which could
result in injury to a person,
damage or destruction to
property or other forms of
losses.
- could have been guarded or prevented

Examples of U/C
n

Inadequate guards/protection
n Defective tools, equipment
n Congestion
n Inadequate warning systems
n Fire and explosion hazards

14

Slippery floors
n Hazardous atmospheric
condition
n Excessive noise
n Radiation exposure
n Inadequate illumination/
ventilation

Can accidents be
prevented?

15

Generally
n 2%

- non-preventable
n 98% - preventable

n 88%

- unsafe/unhealthy acts
n 10% - unsafe/unhealthy conditions

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Conclusion:
Both the human and the
technical factors
of accident causation should

be addressed!

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REMINDER.
If you dont believe in
safety/health
then try accidents/illnesses!

THANK YOU.

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