Arciaga, Frances Geline R.

Mycoviro

March 11, 2015

Maam Sol

Assignment:
Upper Respiratory Tract
Virus
Signs and Symptoms
Rhinovirus
scratchy or sore throat,
sneezing,
rhinorrhea,
nasal obstruction
malaise
mild fever
cough

Diagnostic Procedure
Virus isolation
Direct detection of
rhinovirus antigen - an
ELISA has been
developed for the
detection of rhinovirus
antigen in nasal
washings.
Serology - virus
neutralization tests
remain the best method.
ELISAs have been
described.

Coronavirus

runny nose, cough, sore

throat, and fever

virus isolation
in cell culture,
polymerase
chain reaction assays
serological
testing for antibodies
Nose and throat
swabs

Influenza virus

rhinorrhea
mild
conjunctivitis
sudden onset of chills
fever
prostration
generalized aches and
pains (especially in the
back
and
legs).
Headache
scratchy sore throat,
substernal burning
nonproductive cough,
coryza.
fever

Sometimes rapid
diagnostic testing
Pulse oximetry and
chest x-ray for patients
with severe respiratory
symptoms

Parainfluenza virus

Direct fluorescent
antibody (DFA)

Vaccine (if available)

cough
runny nose
stuffy nose
chest pain
sore throat
shortness of
breath

PCR
Sequential panel
antibody testing
Viral culture
chest X-ray or a CT
scan

wheezing
general
difficulty breathing
Respiratory
virus

Syncytial

fever
wheezing
congestion
fast breathing or
difficulty breathing
bluish skin from
oxygen deprivation
shortness of
breath
cough
Infants: irritability,
malaise, or trouble
breathing.

rapid diagnostic test

viral detection test
chest x-ray
blood test
oximetry

Herpesvirus

blistering sores
(in the mouth or on the
genitals)
pain during
urination (genital
herpes)
itching

physical exam
HSV testing,
Blood test

Adenovirus

Colds
Sore throat
(pharyngitis)
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Diarrhea
Pink eye
(conjunctivitis)
Fever
Bladder
inflammation or

antigen detection
polymerase
chain
reaction assay
virus isolation
serology
(hemagglutinationinhibition
and/or
neutralization with typespecific antisera or by
molecular methods.)

infection (cystitis)
Inflammation of
stomach and
intestines
(gastroenteritis)
Neurologic disease
Bocavirus

Coxsackievirus

TI (also termed
RTIs, acute
respiratory tract
infections),
especially in infants
and children
Cough
Wheezing
Fever
Cyanosis (bluish or
grayish tint to skin
due to lack of
oxygen)
Rhinorrhea (runny
nose)
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Fever
poor appetite, an
respiratory illness
sore throat, cough, and
malaise (feeling tired).

Lower Respiratory Tract

Virus
Signs and Symptoms
Influenza virus
rhinorrhea
mild
conjunctivitis
sudden onset of chills
fever
prostration
generalized aches and
pains (especially in the
back
and
legs).
Headache
scratchy sore throat,

Polymerase chain rxn

Patients are usually

diagnosed by their
clinical
appearance.
Clinically, blisters that
are painful usually on
the hands, feet, and
mouth in a child with
fever
Diagnostic Procedure
Sometimes rapid
diagnostic testing
Pulse oximetry and
chest x-ray for patients
with severe respiratory
symptoms

Vaccine (if available)

Parainfluenza virus

Respiratory
virus

Adenovirus

Syncytial

substernal burning
nonproductive cough,
coryza.
fever
cough
runny nose
stuffy nose
chest pain
sore throat
shortness of
breath
wheezing
general
difficulty breathing
fever
wheezing
congestion
fast breathing or
difficulty breathing
bluish skin from
oxygen deprivation
shortness of
breath
cough
Infants: irritability,
malaise, or trouble
breathing.
Colds
Sore throat
(pharyngitis)
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Diarrhea
Pink eye
(conjunctivitis)
Fever
Bladder
inflammation or
infection (cystitis)
Inflammation of
stomach and
intestines

Direct fluorescent
antibody (DFA)
PCR
Sequential panel
antibody testing
Viral culture
chest X-ray or a CT
scan

rapid diagnostic test

viral detection test
chest x-ray
blood test
oximetry

antigen detection
polymerase
chain
reaction assay
virus isolation
serology
(hemagglutinationinhibition
and/or
neutralization with typespecific antisera or by
molecular methods.)

(gastroenteritis)
Neurologic disease
Bocavirus

Metapneumovirus

TI (also termed
RTIs, acute
respiratory tract
infections),
especially in infants
and children
Cough
Wheezing
Fever
Cyanosis (bluish or
grayish tint to skin
due to lack of
oxygen)
Rhinorrhea (runny
nose)
Diarrhea
Vomiting
mild symptoms
including:
Cough
Runny nose
Nasal
congestion
Sore throat
Fever
of more severe disease
include:
High fever
Severe cough
Difficulty
breathing
Abnormally
rapid breathing
Wheezing
Vomiting
Diarrhea

What comprises TORCH?

Polymerase chain rxn

ELISA
PCR
Immunofluorescence
testing

TORCH is an acronym for a group of diseases that cause congenital conditions if a fetus is
exposed to them in the uterus. These infections are acquired by the mother and passed either
transplacentally or during birth process. A TORCH test is performed to help screen for certain virus
infections in infants who may have been exposed to a causative organism. The five groups of diseasecausing organisms whose antibodies are measured by the TORCH test are grouped together because they
can cause a cluster of symptomatic birth defects in newborns. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR),
microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, conjunctivitis, hearing loss, rash, hepatosplenomegaly and
thrombocytopenia are some of the symptoms of these diseases.
TORCH (organisms)
T = Toxoplasma
O = other (Syphilis, Hepatitis B, Coxsackie virus, Varicella Zoster virus (Chicken pox) , Epstein Barr
virus (Mononucleosis), Human Parvovirus B19)
R = Rubella
C = Cytomegalovirus
H = Herpes simplex virus