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Executive Summary

Tourism in Varanasi

India, a tourism hotspot in the world, has a large bouquet of


visitor attractions to
Boost of. Its widespread diversity has always attracted both
foreigners as well as
its own citizens alike, to explore its mirth and gaiety that it has to
offer the world.
Every nook and cranny of the country offers exquisite as well as
exclusive tourism
resource which echoes heritage as well as tradition of that
particular area. There
Is hardly any country in the world which offers such wide variety
of tourism.
Varanasi is solace, peace, is serene, and is everything a troubled
heart seeks for and much more. Nobody knows when this city was
established, leave alone who established it. Hindus maintain that
the city is outside the earth and is situated on the 'Trident' of Lord
Shiva. This might feel like a bit too cocky but everybody maintain,
including non-Hindus that Banaras is simply out of this world. By
the way has been named after the two tributaries of Ganges that
flows through the city named Varuna and Assi rivers. It was later
changed to Banaras and re-christened.
Varanasi is a major tourist destination for foreign tourists in India,
as well as more efficient housing for Western student researchers.
All sort of cuisines are available mostly as street food due to rich
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and hospitable culture of is said to be the oldest surviving city of


the world is also called as Kashi or Banaras. Being the most
venerated pilgrim place in Hindu religion is said to be a museum
of temples.

Also called the city of temples, is home to about 2,000 temples.


People from all parts of India as well as the world come to visit
these temples, making the holy temples of amongst the most
visited temples in India. Many important and famous temples are
located at Ganga Ghats (river front), adding to the religious value
of the river
Heritage:

-WTO defines heritage tourism as and immersion in the

natural history, human heritage, arts, philosophy and institutions


of another region or country Heritage is the full range of our
inherited traditions, monuments, objects, and culture.

Most

important, it is the range of contemporary activities, meanings,


and behaviors that we draw from them.
Heritage includes, but is much more than preserving, excavating,
displaying, or restoring a collection of old things.

It is both

tangible and intangible, in the sense that ideas and memories--of


songs, recipes, language, dances, and many other elements of
whom we are and how we identify ourselves--are as important as
historical buildings and archaeological sites.

Heritage is, or should be, the subject of active public reflection,


debate, and discussion. What is worth saving? What can we, or
should we, forget? What memories can we enjoy, regret, or learn
from? Who owns "The Past" and who is entitled to speak for past
generations?

Active

public

discussion

about

material

and

intangible heritage--of individuals, groups, communities, and


nations is a valuable facet of public life in our multicultural world.

Varanasi: An Overview
Welcome at "THE HOLY CITY VARANASI " or Banaras, (also
known as Kashi) is one of the oldest living cities in the world`s
Prominence in Hindu mythology is virtually unrivalled. Mark Twain,
the English author and litterateur, who was enthralled by the
legend and sanctity of Banaras, once wrote: "Banaras is older
than history, older than tradition, older even than legend and
looks twice as old as all of them put together". According to the
VamanaPurana, the Varuna and Assi rivers originated from the
body of the primordial Person at the beginning of time itself. The
tract of land lying between them is believed to be , the holiest of
all pilgrimages
Kashi is older than traditions. itpresents a unique combination of
physical, metaphysical and supernatural elements. According to
the Hindu mythology, liberates soul from human body to the
ultimate. It is the Ganga Ghats of that complement the concept of
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divinity. Ghats of Ganga are perhaps the holiest spots. The Ganga
Ghats at are full of pilgrims who flock to the place to take a dip in
the holy Ganges, which is believed to absolve one from all sins.
There are number of temples on the bank of the Ganga River in .
It is believed that people are cleansed physically, mentally and
spiritually at Ganga Ghats. It is at the Ganga Ghats where we see
life and death together. For thousands of years people have been
thronging these Ghats to offer their morning prayers to the rising
sun. There are more than 100 ghatsalongside Ganga. Some of the
prominent and popular Ghats at are the DashaswamedhGhat,
ManikarnikaGhat, HarischandraGhat, KabirGhat and AssiGhat.
Located in the northern part of India in the state of Uttar Pradesh,
the city of is one of the major tourist places in India. Locally called
Banaras and popularly known as Kashi, is one of the oldest cities
of India. Here you will find a fine blend of tradition and heritage,
and, culture and religion. The city holds a special mention in the
Hindu mythology. Owing to the prominent temples and Ghats, the
Government of Uttar Pradesh has been successful in promoting
Tourism.
Tourism gives you some important facts about the city. The entire
city of coversan area of about 73 square kilometers and is located
at about 80 meters from the sea level. The city enjoys a
subtropical climate. It is too hot in summers with a maximum
temperature of about 43C and a minimum temperature of about

32C. The winters are quite cold and dry with a maximum
temperature of about 15C and a minimum of about 5C.
Every year, a considerable amount of tourists and pilgrims visit
the city. Even many foreigners from abroad throng this mystic city.
Tourism states that in India, there are many travel agencies who
organize tours. Some of the notable tours covering are the Sacred
Ganges Tour, Temple Tour.
One of the twelve Jyortinglingas is situated in this city and so the
city is popularly called the city of light. Tourism indicates that is a
significant seat for arts, culture, learning, music and crafts. The
Banaras Hindu University is one of the most eminent universities
in India.
Tourism has brought for you information on the places of
interests in has many sightseeing places to offer. Some of the
notable ones are the DashaswamedhGhat, Kashi Vishwanath
Temple, Ramnagar Fort, JantarMantar, Chunar Fort and Sarnath
also holds different religious festivals and events. Tourism names
a

few

are

the

Buddha

Purnima,

Mahashivratri,

Hanuman

JayantiJanmotsav, Bharat Milap and Dhrupad Mela.


Known by many as the city of Lord Shiva, is a very holy and
religious Hindu Indian city, with much to offer is steady stream of
pilgrims and tourists. Much of its undeniable and quite unique
character is provided by the River Ganges (Ganga), which winds
its

way

through

and

its

lined

with

places

of

interest .
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Countless gorgeous 'Ghats' flank the banks of the Ganges, and


these stone steps lead down to the river itself, where locals
regularly bathe and perform the most intimate of traditional
Indian rituals, in full public view, particularly to those enjoy a boat
trip close by. Tourist information is widespread with the India
Tourism Office being located along the Mall and at Babatpur
Airport, and the UP Tourism Office at the Tourist Bungalow, which
can be found on the Parade Kothi and next to the Junction train
station.
The city is known as the cultural capital of India; a sobriquet it
truly deserves. The city has been the seat of learning since time
immemorial. Various scholarly books have been written on the
serene environment of this place. Tulsi Das composed Ram
CharitManas in this city only. A temple named TulsiManasMandir
marks this place. Even today, the city boasts off as many as 6
different universities within its fold, a feat almost unmatchable in
India. Banaras Hindu University, popularly called BHU, is the
largest residential University in Asia. The city is also famous for its
var4ious temples. Kashi VishwanathMandir is considered the most
important Jyotirlinga in India. This temple has been constructed
and razed to ground numerous times in the course of History.
Equally important are SankatMochan and Durga temple. While the
former is dedicated to Lord Hanuman, a Bengali Maharani built
the later in the 18th century in order to appease goddess Durga.
Bharat Mata Mandir is unique in its own. The temple is dedicated
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to the human manifestation of India called Bharat Mata. The


temple doesn't have any statue; instead it has a relief map of
India carved out, providing financial resources for protection, as
well as m marketing and promotion. It has been realized that the
cultural and natural heritages are increasingly threatened by
destruction not only due to the traditional causes of decay, but
also by changing social and economic conditions. From India 24
properties are enlisted in the UNESCO-WH List, however has not
yet been proposed for inclusion. The reason for proposing asa
heritage city in the WH List are examined here, and the status of
on the scale of UNESCO-WH List and governance.
The land of (Kashi) has been the ultimate pilgrimage spot for
Hindus for ages. Often referred to as Benares, is the oldest living
city in the world. These few lines by Mark Twain say it all:
"Banaras is older than history, older than tradition, older even
than legend and looks twice as old as all of them put together".
Hindus believe that one who is graced to die on the land of would
attain salvation and freedom from the cycle of birth and re-birth.
Abode of Lord Shiva and Parvati, the origins of are yet unknown.
Ganges in is believed to have the power to wash away the sins of
mortals. is located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and
extends latitude 2520' N and longitude 8300' E. Sandwiched
between the rivers Varuna and Ashi as they join the Ganges,
takes its name from its location. It is also called Kashi, the city of
light, but the British, in an endeavor to simplify matters, had
coined their own name for the place-Banaras. For a relatively
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short period, while under Mughal rule, was also known as


Muhammadabad. Modern-day is situated along the west bank of
the Ganges (also Ganga) and extends into a myriad collection of
narrow lanes that form an integral part of it. The city winds itself
around these vines of communication, stretching from one ghat to
the other
The numerous Ghats along the bank of the Ganges present a
varied scene from dawn to dusk. A ghat is a series of well-paved
steps that lead to the water. A Ghatin usually has small temples
built into its side, while the larger structures, housing the powerful
gods and goddesses from the Hindu pantheon, form a formidable
backdrop to the serene beauty of the meandering river. These
Ghats numbering more than a hundred, with their entourage of
temples, form the axis on which the city developed. For centuries,
the Hindus considered it very auspicious to bathe at the Ghats of
Varanasi everyday at dawn thousands of pilgrims can be seen
offering salutations to the Sun God in waist-deep water, secure in
their conviction that the muddy waters of the Ganges will wash
away all the accumulated sins of their life. The oil lamps (diyas)
and flowers set afloat on the river at dusk make a fascinating
sight.

History of Varanasi
The land of Varanasi (Kashi) has been the ultimate pilgrimage
spot for Hindus for ages. Often referred to as Benares, is the
oldest living city in the world. These few lines by Mark Twain say it
all: "Banaras is older than history, older than tradition, older even
than legend and looks twice as old as all of them put together".
Hindus believe that one who is graced to die on the land of would
attain salvation and freedom from the cycle of birth and re-birth.
Abode of Lord Shiva and Parvati, the origins of are yet unknown.
Ganges in is believed to have the power to wash away the sins of
mortals.
Ganges is said to have its origins in the tresses of Lord Shiva and
in, it expands to the mighty river that we know of. The city is a
center of learning and civilization for over 3000 years. With
Sarnath, the place where Buddha preached his first sermon after
enlightenment, just 10 km away, has been a symbol of Hindu
renaissance. Knowledge, philosophy, culture, devotion to Gods,
Indian arts and crafts has all flourished here for centuries. Also a
pilgrimage place for believed to be the birthplace of Parsvanath,
the twenty-third Tirthankar.
Vaishnavism and Shaivism have co-existed in harmoniously. With
a number of temples, Mrs. Annie Besant chose as the home for
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her 'Theosophical Society' and Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, to


institute 'Benares Hindu University, the biggest University in Asia
Ayurveda is said to be originated at and is believed to be the
basis of modern medical sciences such as Plastic surgery,
Cataract

and

Calculus

operations.

Maharshi

Patanjali,

the

preceptor of Ayurveda and Yoga, was also affiliated with the holy
city is also famous for its trade and commerce, especially for the
finest silks and gold and silver brocades, since the early days.
It has also been a great center of learning for ages because it is
associated with promotion of spiritualism, mysticism, Sanskrit,
yoga and Hindi language and honored authors such as the everfamous novelist Prem Chand and Tulsi Das, the famous saint-poet
who wrote Ram Charit Manas. Aptly called as the cultural capital
of India, has provided the right platform for all cultural activities
to flourish. Many exponents of dance and music have come from
Ravi Shankar, the internationally renowned Sitar maestro and
Ustad Bismillah Khan, (the famous Shehnai player) are all sons of
the blessed city or have lived here for major part of their lives.
It was in Banaras that Buddhism was first promulgated and in
Banaras that Hinduism has had her home. The city has thus given
vigor and support to the two religions that to this day spiritually
govern half the world. Ancient meditative practices and studies
are still pursued here. From the ceremony of shaving off the hair
of the new-born (tonsure) to the immersion of ashes, the city still
witnesses the rituals and sacraments that existed in the Vedic
period. It is also considered to be a veritable jungle of fairs and
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festivals with respect to variety, distinction, time, sacred sites,


performers, overseers and side-shows. The popular saying that 13
festivals happen in 7 days of a week, express this richness. Every
day is a great festival in Banaras so says tradition living
traditions in Indian Sciences and Arts. In this city, one finds as
nowhere else in the country, experts, researchers, students and
practitioners

of

ancient

Vastushastra(traditional

Indian

sciences

architecture),

teaching

like

astrology,

Sanskrit

and

religious texts (in existing traditional Sanskrit schools), yoga,


ayurveda and massage techniques. Dhanvantari or Divodasa, the
father of traditional Indian medicine, or ayurveda, was one of the
earliest kings of this city and Shushruta, the father of Indian
surgery too was educated. The Banaras music and dance
traditions are manifested in a special local style known as the
Banaras Gharana (style). Many great musicians and performing
artists have been born here and still regularly return to visit and
to perform for the public as their tribute to the spirit of the soil.
This is the only city where textually described cosmogonic frame
and geomantic outlines are existent in their full form and totality,
thus making the city universally significant. The process of spatial
transposition of holy centers of India has started in the 6th
century and reached its climax by the 12th century, the
Gahadavala period. All the pan-Indian and regionally prominent
sacred sites have been replicated Mythological literature has been
created to manifest the power of holy in those sites, which finally
resulted in
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Making this city the holiest for Hindus that preserved the
cosmic wholeness. This together with the mosaic of ethnic and
social structure further helped in the formation of as the cultural
capital of India. For example, the sites of the four dhams(abode
of gods), the holy centers in the four cardinal directions of the
country, i.e. Badrinath in the north, JagannathPuri in the east,
Dvaraka in the west and Rameshvaram in the south, are reestablished in archetypal form as their representative around the
nuclei of the presiding deities at MathaGhat (Badrinath), Rama
Ghat (Puri), Shankudhara (Dvaraka) and Mir Ghat(Rameshvaram).
Similarly other sacred centres are spatially manifested in where
there are over 3000 Hindu shrines and temples, about 1400
Muslim shrines and mosques (more than any Muslim site), 12
churches, 3 Jain temples, 9 Buddhist temples, 3 Sikh temples
(Gurudvaras) and several other sacred sites and places
Sarnath derives its name from Saranganatha (Lord of the Deer).
After the Buddha attained enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, he came
to Sarnath. Here in the Deer Park, he delivered his first sermon or
set in motion the Wheel of Law (MahaDharmachakraPravartan.).
On the day before his death, the Buddha named Sarnath along
with Lumbini, Bodh Gaya and Kushinagar as the four places that
his followers should consider sacred.

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Places to Visit in Varanasi


Being the oldest city of the world and an important Hindu
pilgrimage center attracts a large number of people from all over
the world. For centuries, is famous for spiritualism, mysticism,
Indian philosophy and Hinduism. All these are reflected in
numerous sects, temples, Ashrams and Ghats. is associated not
only with Hinduism but also with Buddhism and Jainism. Besides
numerous temples,
temples.

also boasts of Buddhist Stupas and Jain

is also a mirror of the age-old Indian civilization. The

archaeological museum at Sarnath houses numerous remains of

13

the past, including the National emblem of India, the Ashoka


pillar.
Since it is mainly associated with Hinduism, temples form the
main attraction. The Ganga Ghats (river fronts) are the main
center of religious activities and rituals and also form one of the
main attractions of. The Alamgir Mosque, blend of the Hindu and
Mughal styles of the architecture, is another important attraction
of . Some of the most important temples of areDurga temple,
Vishwanath temple, SankatMochan temple, TulsiManas temple
and the Bharat Mata temple. The Bharat Mata Temple houses a
huge relief map of the whole of Indian subcontinent and Tibetan
plateau. Other attractions of

are the Banaras Hindu University

(BHU), the Archaeological Museum, Sarnath, Bharat Kala Bhavan


and the Buddhist Stupas and temples at Sarnath.

1.The Fort of Ramnagar of Kashi as a World


Heritage Site

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This is the residence of the Maharaja of, popularly known as


Kashi Naresh. The Ramnagar Fort lies about 14 kilometers (9
miles) south of along the eastern bank of Ganga. Its picturesque
location by the river makes it popular with visitors. A pontoon
bridge connects the fort to the city. During monsoon months the
bridge is dismantled and replaced by a ferry. By road it can be
approached from the long main road that crosses the Malaviya
Bridge up north near Raj Ghat. You then drive down the eastern
bank of the river. Chartering a boat from DashaswamedhGhat or
AsiGhat are other options.
Maharaja Balwant Singh built this fort and the palace in its
ramparts in the eighteenth century. Constructed in red sandstone,
its

architectural

features

include

carved

balconies,

open

courtyards and picturesque pavilions. The temple within the fort is


dedicated to VedVyasa, the divine writer who scripted the great
Indian epic - Mahabharata. Legend has it that VedVyasa stayed
here for a brief period.

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Another attraction of the fort is its museum. Horse-drawn


carriages, old motor cars, palanquins, ornate gilded and silver
howdahs (elephant seats), hookahs, costumes, armory, ivory
carvings,

an

astronomical

clock

and

hunting

trophies

are

prominently on display here. It gives you a glimpse into the


lifestyle of the royal family.
Across the courtyard, a section is devoted to the Ram Lila
festivities

held

during

Dussehra

in

October.

Ramnagar

is

renowned for its Ram Lila. Episodes from the Ramayana are reenacted and the maharaja sponsors a month long elaborate
celebrations. The colorful pageant kicks off with the maharaja
riding

an

elephant.

The

procession

culminates

with

the

inauguration of folk theater by him. There are many versions of


Ram

Lila

across

the

country.

Ramnagar

follows

the

TulsidasRamcharitramanas narrative.
In terms of stylistic presentation too, Ramnagar stands apart.
Ram Lila is enacted on a single stage across India, but in
Ramnagar the whole town is transformed into a vast Ram Lila
ground. Permanent structures are built and spaces designated to
represent the main locations of the story. Therefore you have
Ashok Vatika and Lanka at different locations in the town. The
audience moves along with the performers with every episode, to
the next location. With the bare minimum use of lights, mikes and
loudspeakers, the character of the event is dignified and
restrained in feel, one that is in keeping with the temperament of
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the local populace. But despite the minimum use of electronics,


the event draws viewers by the thousand.

2.Sarnath

Sa
rnath, about 10 km from the holy city of, is the place where
Buddha chose to deliver his first sermon. The celebrated Mantra,
'BuddhamSharanamGachhami', owes its origin to Sarnath. On the
day before his death Buddha included Sarnath along with
Lumbini, Bodh Gaya and Kushinagar as the four places he thought
to be sacred to his followers. It makes Sarnath one of the most
venerated Buddhist places. Besides Buddhism, Sarnath is also
connected

with

Jainism.

There are many Buddhist monuments and edifices in Sarnath.


Some of the important Buddhist monuments at Sarnath are the
Dhamekha stupa, the Chaukhandi stupa and monasteries and
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temples of different schools of Buddhism from Japan, China,


Thailand, Burma and others. The Indian Buddhist society called
Mahabodhi Society maintains a park around the Buddha temple.
The Mahabodhi Temple within the park has a tooth relic of the
Buddha.
There is also a vast expanse of ancient ruins at Sarnath. Several
Buddhist structures were raised at Sarnath between the 3rd
century BC and the 11th century AD, and today it presents the
most expansive ruins amongst places on the Buddhist trail. The
Ashoka pillar of Sarnath is the National emblem of India.
3. Kashi Vishwanath Temple

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Kashi Vishwanath temple is one of


the most famous Hindu temples
dedicated to Lord Shiva and is in
the holy city of, India. The temple
stands on the western bank of
Hinduism's holiest river Ganges,
and the deity is one of the twelve
Jyotirlingas the holiest of Shiva
deities. The main deity is known by
the

name

Vishwanatha

or

Vishweshwara meaning the Ruler of


the universe. The temple town that
claims to be the oldest living city in
the

world,

with

3500

years

of

documented historyis also called Kashi and hence the temple is


popularly called as Kashi Vishwanath Temple. Due to this
15.5m high golden spire, the temple is sometimes called as the
Golden Temple similar to the Sikh Gurudwara at Amritsar.
The temple has been in Hindu mythology for a very long time and
a central part of worship in the Shiva philosophy. The temple has
been destroyed and rebuilt a number of times. The Gyanavapi
mosque, which is adjacent to the temple, is the original site of the
temple. The current structure is believed to have been built by
Maharani Ahilya Bai Holkar of Indore in 1780 since 1983; the
temple is being managed by Govt. of Uttar Pradesh. During the
religious occasion of Shivratri, Kashi Naresh (King of Kashi) is the
19

chief officiating priest and no other person or priest is allowed to


enter the sanctum sanctorum. It is only after he performs his
religious functions that others are allowed to enter.
4. Ghats of Varanasi

Varanasi or Kashi is older than traditions. It represents a unique


combination of
Physical, metaphysical and supernatural elements. According to
the Hindu
Mythology liberates soul from human body to the ultimate. It is
the Ganga Ghats
of that complement the concept of divinity. Ghats of Ganga are
perhaps the
holiest spots of Varanasi. The Ganga Ghats at are full of pilgrims
who flock to the
place to take a dip in the holy Ganges, which is believed to
absolve one from all sins.

20

There are number of temples on the bank of the Ganga river. It is


believed that people are cleansed physically, mentally and
spiritually at Ganga Ghats. It is at the Ganga Ghats where we see
life and death together. For thousands of years people have been
thronging these Ghats to offer their morning prayers to the rising
sun. There are more than 100 Ghats along side, Kashi or Banaras
is older than traditions. The divine grace of this city lies is unique
combination of physical, metaphysical and supernatural elements.
Ghats of are natural supplement to the concept of divinity. It is a
city witch liberates soul from human body to ultimate. The much
quoted Sanskrit SklokaProclame Kasyammaranammukti (death
in Kashi is Liberation). In fact the extension of this belief could be
visualised

in

early

concept

of

PanchaTrirtha

symbolically

identified with the human body it is explicitly equated with the fire
elements (PanchTattva) of witch body is composed interesting
people now defining as all the Ghats are points on the divine
cosmic road (12th Zodiacs X 7cakras of body thus 98) represents
its manifest transcendental dimension. That is how this frame
shows a cosmic order and harmonic relationship between micro
cosmos (divine order) and micro cosmos (human order) through
the interlink of mesocosmos (the physical order of ghats). The
Gahadvala inscriptions (c.12th cent) mention only five ghats.
Some

of

the

prominent

and

popular

Ghats

at

are

the

Dasaswamedh Ghat, Manikarnika Ghat, Harischandra Ghat, Kabir


Ghat and Assi Ghat.

21

Role of Heritage in Varanasi


It has been realized that the cultural and natural heritages are
increasingly threatened by destruction notonly due to the
traditional causes of decay, but also by changing social and
economic conditions. FromIndia 24 properties are enlisted in the
UNESCO-WH

List,

however

has

not

yet

beenproposed

for

inclusion. The rationales for proposing as a heritage city in the


WH List areexamined here, and the status of on the scale of
UNESCO-WH List and governancestrategies are described. It is
suggested that the City (District) Administration: Draft and ratify
aManifesto committing itself to the conservation and protection,
All built heritage assets of the citymust be identified and
documented through a survey, mapping, architectural plans of
individualbuildings, historical evidence, visual photography, etc. A
specific conservation plan must bedrafted as an integral part of
the development plan of the city, A Conservation Cell must be
createdwithin
administrative
organizations

the

local

officers,
and

Development
local

experts,

Authority;

comprising

representatives,concerned
and

Specific

by-laws

local

must

be

formulated for thedevelopment and preservation of heritage sites,


their skylines and surrounding areas.PerspectiveThe city of (1.27
22

million in 2001) is unique in the architectural, artistic and


religiousexpressions of traditional Indian culture and is, even
today, a living example of this culture. The city---in the past and
in the present--- is an exceptional testimony to living traditions--to be seen to bebelieved--- in religious faith, rituals and myriad
festivals, traditional and ancient forms of worship andbelief that
are still practiced in the varied expressions of asceticism, spiritual
and meditative exercises,education, music, dance, handicrafts
and art forms, passing from one to other generations.In the city of
have been found, underneath the sterile deposits of about 4m,
microlithic tools associated with a kind of Red Ware, datable to
the 4th and 3rd millennium BCE. The city has two main historic
remnants of a holy past: the first one being Sarnath where
Buddha gave his first sermon,Turning the wheel of law in 528
BCE, and the second one being the Rajghat Plateau, where the
archaeological findings and the C14 dating of some of the wares
excavated from the earliest level(upper part of IA layer, sample
No. TF-293) confirm the existence of urban settlements in the
period during 800-500 BCE. Both these sites have been included
in the heritage zones identified for nomination to the UNESCO
heritage list. Archaeological investigations, supported by Robert
C. Eidt(1977) on the basis of scientific analysis of the chronic
sequence

of

non-occluded/occluded

phosphateratios

of

the

vertical profile of anthrosols in the Rajghat area, confirm the


existence of thecity from 800 BCE to CE 800, and further the
continuity of residential settlement. This result furtherindicates
23

that the residents combined small farming with pastoral life. The
archaeological remains (e.g.pottery, terracotta, iron implements,
art and facts, seals, etc) found in the area are datable to the
9thcentury BC, and include evidence of Black Slipped Ware
Culture. Since at least 8th century CE, the city started growing as
a pilgrimage site and by 12th century, it became the most
popular holy centre for the Hindus. During this period, various
deities and their images were established. Their number at
present reaches over 3000 Hindu shrines and a few Buddhist, Jain
and Sikh shrines. Later Muslim shrines also became prominent
and now their number has reached over 1350.Owes its existence
to the Ganga river (misspelled as Ganges is the West) considered
to be the most holy river for the Hindu people and especially
sacred in where its course towards the Bay of Bengal suddenly
turns north. Symbolically, the flow from south to north refers to
the life cycle from death (south, the realm of death, Yama) to life
(north, the realm of life, Shiva, i.e. Kailas). This unique directional
change of the river course led to the development of the ancient
city, Kashi, on the west banks of the river, facing the rising of the
sun and making thus the Ghats of sacred for all Hindu rituals.
Since it has always been important for religious purposes, kings,
rich merchants and others who could afford built houses in so that
their members could come and stay here in the auspicious city. So
most properties either belong to trusts, or are divided among
many successors, or belong to people who presently live in other
cities. The Development Authority has already drawn out a Master
24

Development Plan of the City (1991-2011) and has identified


heritage zones in the city therein. Although the architectural
heritage of the city is still preserved, its existence is seriously
threatened by immense pressures from increasing population,
modernization, economic development and tourism. The Varanasi
Development Authority (VDA) has, with the aim of achieving a
sustainable development of the city based on its architectural
preservation and the conservation of its cultural landscape,
recently

undertaken

the

creditable

and

immense

task

of

documentation of the vast


Architectural and intangible cultural heritage of the city and its
surrounding region and of formulating a legislative framework to
protect the same.
The Ganga River and the Riverfront & Old City Heritage Zone of
being proposed for nomination to the World Heritage List of
UNESCO

fall mainly

into

the second category

of cultural

properties, i.e.: groups of buildings, groups of separate or


connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their
homogeneity or their place in the landscape are of outstanding
universal value from the point of view of history, art or science.

25

Management and Conservation


Most of the heritage properties in the old city belong to individual
owners, substantial holdings by the Vishvanatha Temple Trust,
non-government organizations and charitable trusts.
A few tangible heritage sites falling within the Riverfront & Old
City Heritage Zone such as Manas Mandir Observatory on
26

Dashashvamedh Ghat, Aurangzeb's mosque and the Gyan avapi


mosque have been declared as Monuments by the Department of
Archaeology, Govt. of India under the Ancient Monuments and
Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 Act No. 24 & 1958
(Central Aci) and the said sites and its buffer zone are maintained
and conserved by the Department of Archaeology. At the
Municipal level, the State Govt. had created the

Development

Authority under U.P. Urban Planning and Development Act 1973


Act II & 1973 (State Act). This authority is responsible for planning
the development of the city and is also responsible for the
protection of Heritage zones, sites and properties and the
surrounding physical environment. The Govt. of India and State
Govt of Uttar Pradesh, with the participation of a local body at the
Municipal level are involved in implementing the protective
regulatory measures through the agencies enlist herewith:
Development Authority (VDA) with the Commissioner of the
division as its Chairman, the Vice-Chairman, Chief Town Planner
VDA, Secretary VDA. The VDA has technical assistance and
experts in its division of Town Planning, Architecture, Engineering
and Surveying; the VDA is a State Government body.
A Conservation Cell has been created within the Development
Authority comprising the four eminent citizens of the city
knowledgeable in issues of heritage preservation, and the
members

from

conservation

the

and

VDA,

is

protection

currently
of

the

responsible
heritage

for

sites

the
with

participation of Tourism Department of State Government and


27

Government of India. This Cell is responsible for monitoring the


preservation of heritage sites. Department of Archaeology, Govt.
of India and the State Archive is a part of the State Ministry of
Culture and is represented by their staff which monitors the
protection

and

maintenance

of

properties

registered

and

supervised directly by them. This organ of the government


registers historically,
Artistically and archaeologically important properties- buildings,
artfacts, objects, etc. and protect the same. Many local NGOs also
work for the protection of the river Ganga and the promotion of
the local culture. The Ganga Seva Nidhi and Ganga Seva Samiti
organize the evening prayers offered to the river Ganga each
evening on the central Ghats of the city. The Ghats are cleaned of
mud

each

year

after

the

monsoon

season

by

the

local

administration in collaboration with a local NGO. The Sankat


Mochan Foundation is an organization that has been working
since many years to test and clean the Ganga waters and spread
awareness on the same. Legal Measures taken In April 2002, the
VDA Board has proposed amendments to the Urbanization Laws
for the purposes of Heritage Conservation, and recommended
that the following sub sections of the (Amendment of Urbanization
Laws), Act Amendment to U.P. Urban Development Act be added:
Definition

2(dd1)

Cultural

Heritage

as

including

all

art,

handicrafts, music and dance forms, folk theatre, ritualistic


traditions. 2(dd2) Cultural Landscape Heritage as meaning
manifestations of the interaction between humankind and its
28

natural

environment

and

including

specific

techniques

of

sustainable land-use, considering the characteristics and limits of


the natural environment they are established in, and a specific
spiritual relation to nature. 2(hh) Heritage Sites as including
monuments, buildings, artifacts, structures, areas and precincts of
historic,

aesthetic,

archaeological,

architectural,

scientific,

ethnological anthropological, cultural, environmental significance


and value published and further the Ganga riverfront, i.e. the
entire stretch of Ghats along the western bank of the River Ganga
and sand belt on eastern side of river between Malaviya Bridge
and South East point of Ramnagar Fort.

29

Promotion of Heritage
Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world.
Tourism is one of the top priorities for many countries, because of
its contribution to economy in terms of foreign exchange
earnings,

creation

of

employment

opportunities,

promoting

international understanding, etc. As the importance of tourism


increases day by day, allocation of funds for tourism development
has gone up and it has resulted in different ways such as
emphasis on infrastructure development and streamlining tourism
activities. National Tourism Authorities (NTA) of different countries
has a greater role to coordinate tourism development and at the
same time they are also responsible for conducting proper
evaluation. NTAs have added pressure to carry out developments
more systematically and evaluate tourism activities time to time,
as the investment of public funds can be fully justified (WTO 94).
Here the role of different stake holders cant be ignored. This
means that NTAs as well as the stakeholders of tourism have
equal responsibility in terms of a destinations development, and
management of tourism resources (Faulkner 2006).changes in
tourism development have influenced Indian Tourism sector.
Continuous efforts of the
Government authorities (central and state government), and
leading players in the industry have resulted in an upward trend
in the international tourist arrivals. Tourism occupies third position
in terms of foreign Exchange earnings. The Indian Tourism
30

Industry forecast (2007-2013) report provides an objective


analysis of the performance of tourism sector at present and
future prospects. The report says that.
Inbound tourist expenditure is the third highest in the world,
which is more than the Global average.

Disposable income during the period (2006-2011) has grown


at a CAGR of 10.11%,

Tourist inflow to Varanasi is expected to increase at a CAGR


of 22.65% between 2006-2011.
Varanasis share in Global Tourism is expected to reach by
1.5% by 2010.
India is the fifth most attractive destination in terms of
investment opportunities. (IL &FS, 2007). In South Asia, India
accounts for 65.8 % of the regional tourism receipts. Direct
contribution to the GDP is 2 % whereas the overall
contribution of tourism sector is 5.3 %. Various steps taken
by government of India during the period 1998-2006, have
opened the Indian tourism sector to the world. Marketing
campaigns by India Tourism, placed India as one of the top
ten destinations (Visit India Year (1998-2000), Incredible
India,

Athithi

Traveller).Several

Devo

Bhava,

shortcomings

etc.)
come

(Conde
in

the

Nast

way

of

development, which act as major obstacles in development.


The underlying fact is that management of India as a tourism
31

destination has not reached intune with the requirements, as


there are problems such as regional linkages, connectivity,
basic civic infrastructure, tourist amenities, service delivery
and institutional regulatory issues (IL & FS, 2007).

SWOT Analysis-Varanasi Tourism


Strengths

Diversity of culture i.e. a blend of various civilization and

their traditions.

A wealth of archeological sites and historical monuments like


Sarnath, Ramnagar fort

A very wide variety of hotels is present in the country that


can fulfill the demand for the accommodation of tourists.

There are international players in the market such as Hotel


Ganges and Radisson Thus, the needs of the international
tourists travelers are seen to, while they are on a visit to
Varanasi

Manpower costs in the Indian hotel industry is one of the


lowest in the world. This provides better value for money to
the tourists. .

32

Varanasi offers a readymade tourist destination with the


resources it has. Thus the magnet to pull customers already
exists.

Airline is the most preferred mode of transportation by the


foreign tourists as the convenience provided by the airlines
is higher. Thus, the saving in time that this mode of transport
offers is immense to the international tourists.
Weakness

Lack of adequate infrastructure.

A xenophobic attitude among certain sections of people.

No

proper

marketing

of

Varanasis

tourism

abroad.

Foreigners still think of India as a land of snake charmers.

High tax structure in the industry makes the industry worse


off than its international equivalent. In India the expenditure
tax, luxury tax and sales tax inflate the hotel bill by over
30%. Effective tax in the South East Asian countries works
out to only 4-5%. So this directly affects the spending of
tourists.

Only 58, 00 hotel rooms are available in Varanasi today,


which is less than the Bangkok total hotel capacity. So
accommodation facilities are quiet less.

The services currently offered by the hotels in Varanasi are


only limited value added services. It is not comparable to the
33

existing world standards. This is the reason why international


tourists prefer other Asian countries than India.

Inefficiency of the domestic airlines- there are number of


instances of flight being cancelled or delayed. Secondly
frequent strikes by the pilots and maintenance problems are
a major cause of concern. This is one of the reasons that
make a tourist disheartened.

Travel agents are most affected by the taxes that are part of
the industry so at last tourists are the sufferers.
Opportunities

Allowing entry of more multinational companies into the


country giving us a global perspective.

Growth of domestic tourism.

Demand between the national and the inbound tourists can


be easily managed due to difference in the period of
holidays. For international tourists the peak season for
arrival is between Septembers to March when the climatic
conditions are suitable where as the national tourist waits for
school holidays, generally the summer months.

Develop a well- studied master plan for tourism in the


country, which should make it easier for investors as well as
the authorities.

Support and encourage private sector to invest in facilities.


34

Fight pollution and littering by law.

Adopt strict measure for civil hygiene and cleanliness.

Provides essential basic facilities like toilets and resting


facilities throughout tourism routes.

Have an effective international marketing agency to promote


Varanasi as a destination.

Project people, culture, lifestyle, food festivals etc to offer


the human element appeal than the natural beauty of the
land for long lasting result. There are other naturally
beautiful places in the world, but it is the people that make a
place unique.

The development of tourist resorts, such as hotels on


mountains or hill tops, should be low density and low rise to
retain the cool temperature as main attraction of these
locations.

The relevant authorities must ensure that security measures


are enforced at all time.
Threats

Economic conditions and political turmoil in the country is


affecting tourism.

Aggressive strategies adopted by other

countries like

Australia, Singapore and Malaysia in promoting tourism are


also posing as a serious threat to our country.
35

Changing trends in the west demand similar changes in


India, which here are difficult to implement due to high
project costs.

Pollution is a major menace to the industry, which has to be


tackled by the government through legislation. Garbage,
Plastic, sound pollution near tourist centers and all such
discrepancies need immediate action from the government
otherwise it will pose a major threat for tourism industry in
India.

Foreign tourists are concerned about their personal safety


when traveling in the Asian region because of terrorist
attacks and the tension between Indo- Pak.(Bomb astattack
at Sankat Mochan Temple and Varanasi railway Cantt
Station)

Industrially sick Products like Benarasi saree, handicrafts are


on the declining stage.

Objective of Study
The purpose of this Project is to investigate about What are
the opportunities and threats that can prevail in Tourism
Industry .
To identify the specific problems a tourism industry is facing.
To identify the entire major tourist places of Varanasi

36

To prepare a list of accommodation units like hotels,


guesthouses, etc.
To estimate the transport facilities available in the Varanasi
city.
Their purpose of visit.
Their group structure.
Their detail socio-economic profile.

Research methodology
Primary Data: Primary data was collected by administering
questionnaire. It is systematically collected. The basic
purpose of collecting primary data is to know about the
opportunities and threats that are present in the tourism
industry.
Secondary data: Secondary datas are collected from Tourism
website, Tourism journals Etc
Based on SPSS Tool the interpretations were drawn.

Sampling
Sample size: 100 Tourist Visitor
Area of research: Varanasi City.
Research approach: Survey method.
Research Instrument: Questionnaire.

37

Analysis of Survey
Following Interpretation is drawn from the Help of SPSS
software with the help of t-test

Data Available
Occupation
Student =
40
Business=3

Income
Upto 1 lakh=
20
1lak to 2

No.Of trips
Once in
year=30
Once in 6

Puropose
Leisure=10
Visiting Friends &

Handicrafts
benarsi
Saree=70
Clay
38

0
Service=20
House
wives=10

Companio
ns
Alone=10
collegues=
10
friends=20
family=60

lakh= 30
2lakh
-5lakh=40
5 lakh 10lakh=10

month=20
Once in 3
months=10
Every
month=20

Relatives=10

Products=30

Business=30
Education=40
Pilgrim=20

Accommodation
s
Guest
house=20

Type of
tourist
International
=40

Satisfaction
level

Personal
safety

Safety measure at
destination

Yes=20

yes=30

yes=40

Resort-10
Economy
hotel=50
Expensive
hotel=20

Domestic=60

No=80

no=70

No=60

SPSS Analysis of Survey

39

One-Sample Statistics
N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

VAR00001

100

20.2000

1.03280

.32660

VAR00002

100

10.4000

.51640

.16330

VAR00003

100

10.6000

1.07497

.33993

VAR00004

100

20.4000

.96609

.30551

VAR00005

100

20.8000

1.61933

.51208

VAR00006

100

20.3000

1.41814

.44845

VAR00007

100

10.3000

.48305

.15275

VAR00008

100

10.7000

1.05935

.33500

VAR00009

100

20.1000

1.28668

.40689

VAR00010

100

10.6000

.51640

.16330

VAR00011

100

10.8000

.42164

.13333

VAR00012

100

10.7000

.48305

.15275

VAR00013

100

10.6000

.51640

.16330

One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Lower

Upper

VAR00001

6.736

.000

2.20000

1.4612

2.9388

VAR00002

8.573

.000

1.40000

1.0306

1.7694

VAR00003

4.707

.001

1.60000

.8310

2.3690

VAR00004

7.856

.000

2.40000

1.7089

3.0911

VAR00005

5.468

.000

2.80000

1.6416

3.9584

VAR00006

5.129

.001

2.30000

1.2855

3.3145

VAR00007

8.510

.000

1.30000

.9544

1.6456

VAR00008

5.075

.001

1.70000

.9422

2.4578

VAR00009

5.161

.001

2.10000

1.1796

3.0204

VAR00010

9.798

.000

1.60000

1.2306

1.9694

VAR00011

13.500

.000

1.80000

1.4984

2.1016

VAR00012

11.129

.000

1.70000

1.3544

2.0456

VAR00013

9.798

.000

1.60000

1.2306

1.9694

40

VAR00001:- In Q.1 2% lie in the age of 20-35 contribute 33%


VAR00002:- In Q.2 1%lie in male group respondent
VAR00003 :- In Q.3 between 1% to2% lie in the student criteria.
VAR00004:- In Q.4 2% lie in 2-5 lakh income
VAR00005 :- InQ.5 3% visit once in year
VAR00006:- In Q.6 2% of tourist follows leisure
VAR00007:- In Q.7 1%of tourist likes benarsi sari
VAR00008:- In Q.8 2% of tourist afford economy hotel
VAR00009:- In Q.9 1-2% Tourist was the domestic tourist
VAR00010:- In Q.10 2% says there is no maintenance in the tourist property.
VAR00011:- In Q.11 2% says there is personal safety
VAR00012:- In Q.12 2% says no to safety measures
VAR00013:- In Q.13 1-2 % says that local people are co-operated

Form Tourist
1. Age Group

41

Age Group
Below 20

20-25

20%

25-30

10%

Above 30

30%

40%

The Sample was made of 30% of tourist falls in the age group of
Below 20
40% of tourist falls in the age group of between2025
20%30% of tourist falls in the age group of between
25-30
10% of tourist falls in the age group of above 30.

2. Gender Ratio

42

Gender
Male

Female

40%
60%

60 % of respondents where Male.


40 % rest were Females.

3. Occupation

43

Occupation
Student
Service

business
Housewives

10%
20%
40%
30%

40 % of respondents where student


30 % where engaged in Business .
20% were the service class.
10% were Housewives.

4. Income Group
44

Income Group
Up to 1 Lakh
2lac-5lac

1lac-2lac
5lac-10lac

10% 20%
40%

30%

20% of tourist has income upto 1 lakh


30% of tourist has income between 1 to 2 lakh
40% of tourist falls in the income of 2 -5 lakh
10% of tourist falls in the income of 5-10.

5. Number of trips
45

Trips

every Week; 20% Once In a Year; 30%


every Month;
Once20%
in 6 months; 20%
Once in 3 months; 10%

20% Every week


20% Every month
10% Once in the 3 months
30% Once in the year
20 % Once in the 6 months

6. Purpose
46

Purpose
Leisure
Visiting Friends & Relatives
Business
Education
Pilgrim 10%
20% 40%
10%
20%

40% were for leisure.


20% were for Visiting friends and relatives.
20 % for business purpose.
10% for education.

7. Did you like the handicrafts made in Varanasi?


47

Handicrafts

Clay Products; 30%

Benarsi saree; 70%

70% tourist prefer for the Benarasi Saree


30% Tourist prefer the Clay Products.

8. Companions
48

companions
Alone; 10%
Colleagues; 10%
Friends; 20%

family; 60%

60% tourist were the family.


20% tourist were the friends
10% were the colleagues.
10% Alone

49

9. Accommodations

Guest House; 20%


Resorts; 10%
Expensive Hotels; 20%
Economy Hotels; 50%

50% prefer for the economy hotel.


10% for the resort.
20% for the guest house.
20 % for the expensive hotel.

50

10.
You are an International tourist or domestic
tourist

International or Domestic Tourist

international tourist; 40%


Domestic tourist'; 60%

60% Were the Doemstic tourist


40% were the International tourist

51

11.
Are you satisfied with the maintenance of the
monuments and temples?

yes; 20%

no; 80%

80 % says no while 20% says yes.

52

12.

Are you satisfied with Personal safety?

Personal safety

yes; 30%

No; 70%

70 % Tourist says that there is no proper safety for tourist


while 30% says yes
there is.

53

13. Rate the safety measure at your destinations?

Safety measure at destinations

Yes; 40%
No; 60%

60 % says that they are not satisfied with safety measure


while 40% says they are not.

54

13. Rate the Local People co- Operations?

Local People coperation

No; 30%
Yes; 70%

70% says that the local people are very much cooperated while rest says no

55

Data Available
Type of
tourist
Inbound
tourist=60

Facilities owned by the


company

Outbound

Fooding=20

Air transport=0

Accomodation=20
Ground transport=60

Travel destination
knowledge
Travel agent=20
Media=10
internet=40
Already known=30

Vehcile
used
Car
Luxury=30
car suv=40
Volvo A/c=10
Volvo Non
a/c=20

Tourism
service
Flight
booking=20
Guided tour
=10
Hotel
reservation=40
Overall
package= 30

Tourism
activities
Adventour
=10
Other=10
Leisure=30
Seight
seeing=50

Kind of
tourist

Tourist from the


countries

Group=60
Single=40

Europe=10
Asia=70
America=20

One-Sample Statistics
N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

VAR00014

100

10.3000

5.48305

.15275

VAR00015

100

10.4000

5.51640

.16330

VAR00016

100

20.6000

5.84327

.26667

VAR00017

100

20.8000

1.13529

.35901

VAR00018

100

30.0000

1.15470

.36515

VAR00019

100

20.5000

1.17851

.37268

VAR00020

100

10.9000

1.19722

.37859

VAR00021

100

10.6000

5.51640

.16330

VAR00022

100

20.1000

5.56765

.17951

VAR00023

100

10.5000

5.70711

.22361

56

One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Lower

Upper

VAR00014

8.510

.000

1.30000

.9544

1.6456

VAR00015

8.573

.000

1.40000

1.0306

1.7694

VAR00016

9.750

.000

2.60000

1.9968

3.2032

VAR00017

7.799

.000

2.80000

1.9879

3.6121

VAR00018

8.216

.000

3.00000

2.1740

3.8260

VAR00019

6.708

.000

2.50000

1.6569

3.3431

VAR00020

5.019

.001

1.90000

1.0436

2.7564

VAR00021

9.798

.000

1.60000

1.2306

1.9694

VAR00022

11.699

.000

2.10000

1.6939

2.5061

VAR00023

6.708

.000

1.50000

.9942

2.0058

Interpretation
VAR00014:-In q.14 1 % tour and travels operates inbound tourist
VAR00015:- 1% ground transport facility by the company
VAR00016:- 3% follows for the hotel reservation
VAR00017:- 3% tourist activities for sight seeing
VAR00018:- 3% follows internet for tourist destination
VAR00019:-2-3 % follows cars suv
VAR00020:- 2% are the in the group
VAR00021:- 1-2% are from the Asian countries
VAR00022:- 2% has satisfaction
57

1. For Tour Operator


1. Focus of Tour operator

Focus of Tour operator

Inbound torism; 40%


Outbound Tourism; 60%

60 % of tour operator focus on the inbound tourism while


40 % outbound tourism

58

2. Does your company own the following?

ground transport
Accomodations
; 20% facilities; 60%

Facilities owned by the company

Fooding ; 20%

0% of the tour operator doesnt have air transport


facilities, 60% have ground transport facilities, 20 % have
the Accommodation facilities and 10 % have the fooding
facilities

3. What kinds of tourism services does your company


provide?
59

Tourism Service

Flight booking ; 20%


tour (all Inclusive); 30%
Guided Package
tour ; 10%
hotel resevation; 40%

30 % of the travel companies offer package tour, 40%


provides the hotel reservations,10 % provides the guided
tour,20% offer flight booking.

4. What are the main tourism activities that your company


is involved in?
60

Tourism Activities
adventure tourism ; 10%
Other ;Leisure
10% Resorts ; 30%
Sightseeing Tours; 50%

30% offer leisure resort, 50% offer sightseeing tour, 10 %


offer adventurous tour, while 10% offer other.

5. Where did you hear about this tourist


destination?

61

Tourism destination

travel agent; 20%


Already known; 30%
media; 10%
Internet; 40%

30% already know about the destination, 40%


came to know through internet, 10% through
media and rest 20% through travel agent.

62

Vehicle used
volvo (Ac bus); 10%
Car (Luxury);
30% A/C Bus); 20%
Volvo (Non
Car (SUV); 40%

6. What kind of Vehicle you often use?

40% uses Cars (suv), 30 % uses Car (Luxury), 10%


uses Volvo (Ac bus) while 20% uses Volvo non ac
bus.

63

7. What kind of Tourist You Attuned?

Kinds of Tourist

single or doubble; 40%


group ; 60%

60% in group and 40 % in single.

64

8. At part of world your attended more tourist?

Attraction of tourist
America; 20%
Europe; 10%
Asia; 70%

70% of the tourist come from the Asian countries


namely Thailand,
Malaysia and Bankog, 10% from Europe namely
Germany and
Ukraine, 20% from the America.

65

9.Youre satisfied with your Clients?

Satisfaction Level

Can't say; 10%


No; 30%

Yes; 60%

60% of tourist say threat they are satisfied with


their Clients, 30% says No while 10% cant say
anything.

66

Findings
1. Varanasi is the major tourist spot in North India after the
TajMahal.
2. It can be the hub for the exporter of the handicrafts
products.
3. People came here for the search of the salvation during
their end of their life.
4. Thousand of Buddhist came to Sarnath, so it is the major
tourist spot.
5. Hotels and restaurant can be profitable industry in future,
6. Tourist comes in group more often.
7. There is no proper safety for the domestic and
International tourist.
8. There is no proper maintenance and conservation of the
monuments and temples as they are historic in nature.
9. Most of the tourist came here to pursue the educations
like Yoga and Sanskrit.
10. Tourist having middle class they more often to come.
11. The major attractions of the tourist are the Ghats of
Varanasi, Sarnath temple, Kashi Vishwanath temple.
12. Due to the dig roads, andgarbage it is losing its
importance.

67

Recommendation
Set a tourism finance cooperation to extend financial
assistance for tourism project.
Developments of select tourist destination and circuits
diversification of tourism arrival of cultural destination to the
leisure and holiday tourist.
Markets exploration and development of new tourism
generating center.
Increase the hotel accommodation by cent percent by
stimulation investment through appropriate package of
incentives.
Better facilities of the public toiletries for the tourist.
Proper roads and means of transportations.
Promoting the Industrially Sick Business like clay Products,
wooden toys.
Investment in the hotel and Restaurant Industry would
defiantly a Profitable sector
,

68

Conclusion
As I have reached to the conclusion of my dissertation, I have
realized that it is an important part of our curriculum, which gives
a good experience of research study, data collection and thesis
writing.
As for as my topic is concerned A Study of tourism Industry
Opportunity and threats (with special reference to Varanasi
tourism). First of all it was necessary to give a brief introduction
about heritage and its elements followed by the classification of
heritage.
Heritage tourism is one of the new thrust areas of modern tourism
which attracts a lot of tourist. India due to the wide diversity in its
geographical features offers a lot of activities in several places
like its offer land based heritage. Though this Tourism is new to
India there are several places in India which are emerging as
heritage tourism destination .I has carried to mentioned some of
the popular ones in Varanasi. Then I have given a brief
introduction the various emerging destinations of heritage in
Varanasi.
As from my Dissertation I hope now it is clear that heritage differs
from ordinary Tourism and as it exposes tourists to some risks and
generally takes them into a region which offers minimal facilities
and comforts. Further in my Dissertation, I have also collected
69

data using questionnaires and gathered the view of young people


who are generally interested in heritage tourism

First of all these drawbacks should be overcomes--- Lack of adequate facilities


Increase the level of responsibility
Reliable transportation
Provision of Hygienic and clean accommodation
Minimize environmental damages
Availability of enough trained man power
Provision

of

sufficient

back

up

manpower

equipment,

communication for heritage tourism.

Secondly, but the most important were ------------

Government should framework policies


Should implement like high level training programs
Should conduct, promote and publicity of destinations
More heritage packages should be launched
Organize adventure related fairs and festival

70

Meeting should be conducted once in a year for the


awareness
Awareness of local and human resources development
programs are also necessary.
At last I hope that this suggestion when implemented can
increase the scope of heritage tourism in Varanasi and become
well known destination.
Finally according to my dissertation Case study of heritage
tourism in Varanasi has a wide and in the coming years Varanasi
would definitely capture the heritage tourism market globally.

71

Bibliography
Websites
www.expresstravelandtourism.com
www.indiainfoline.com
www.tourismindia.com
http://www.indiavisitinformation.com
http://www.expressindia.com
http://www.indian-tourism.us/varanasi
http://www.culturalheritagetourism.org
http://www.heritagebooks.com
http://www.myheritagebook.com

Books
1)Lonely planet-Short escape from Varanasi
2)Tourism in India

72

3) A matter of taste
4) Around Varanasi
5) Spiritual Varanasi

Questionnaire

Form Tourist

Personal Information
Name :
Age :
Gender :
City :
Occupation

1. Age
i) Below 20 year
iii) 31 to 40 year

]
[ ]

ii) 21 to 30 year

iv) 41 year and Above

2. Gender

73

i) Male

ii) Female

3. Occupation
i ]Student
iii] Service

ii] Business man

IV] Housewives

4. Income Group
i ] Up to 5 Lac

ii] Between 15-25 lac

iii] Between 25-35 lac

]iv] Not Presenting

i ] Once In a year

iii] Once in 6 months

]iv] Every Month

ii] Once in 6 months

5. Number of Trips

v]Every Week
6. Purpose of the trips

i] Educations
iii] Business

ii] Family vacations


iv] Religious

7. What kind of handicrafts you like?


74

i] Benarasi Saree

iii] Wooden Toys

]
[

ii] Clay Products


]

iv] Imitation jewellary

8.Companions
i ] Alone

ii] Colleagues

iii] Friends

iv] Family

i ] Guest house

ii] Resort

iii] Economy Hotels

iv] Expensive h

ii] Domestic tourist

8. Accommodations

9. Kind of Tourist
i ]International tourist

10.Youre satisfied with the maintenance of the monuments and temples?


i ] Yes

ii] No

11.Youre satisfied with the personal safety?


i ] Yes

ii] No

75

12. Rate the Safety and Security measures which are available at the destination?
i ] Yes

ii] No

13. Rate the local people co-Operation with tourist?

i ] Yes

ii] No

2. Questionnaire for Tour Operator


1. Focus of the Tours Operator
i ] Inbound Tourism
2.

ii] Outbound Tourism

Does your company own the following?

i ] Air Transport

ii] Ground Transport

iii] Accommodations

IV] Fooding

[
[

3. What kinds of tourism services does your company provide?


i ] Flight Booking

ii] Guided tour

iii] Package Tour

IV] Hotel reservation

4. What are the main tourism activities that your company is


involved in?
76

i ] Adventures Tour

ii] Leisure Tour

iii] Sightseeing Tour

IV] other

IV] Already Know

5. Where did you hear about this tourist destination?


i ] Media

iii] Travel agent

ii] Internet

6. What kind of Vehicle you use?


i ] Volvo A/c Bus

ii] Volvo Non A/c Bus

iii] Suv Cars

IV] Luxury Cars

7. What kind of tourist you attend?


i ] In Group

[
[

ii] Single or Double

8. At part of world your attended more tourist?


i ] America

ii] Europe

iii] Asia

IV] Africa

9.Youre satisfied with your Clients?


77

i ] Yes

[
[

ii] No

78

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