GNANAMANI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PLANNING, ANALYSIS & DESIGNING OF BUS STAND

PROJECT MEMBERS:
GIRIPRASAD.K
JAYAKUMAR.M
PANDIYARAJAN.P
SAYEDNISHAN BASHA
PROJECT GUIDE:
Mr. VIGNESH.R

Abstract:
Bus-stand is an essential component of urban transport facilities which defines the beginning
or end of the line for the transportation system. It normally requires a size-able land in a
strategic part of an urban area. A well planned or managed bus-terminal will act as catalyst to
the social and economic development of the surrounding areas. On the other hand, busterminal is an asset to an area as it may act as catalyst to economic and social development of
the surrounding areas. However, poorly planned and sited terminal for buses may generate
traffic problems as well as deteriorating the quality of life of the affected surroundings. This
project focuses mainly the structural design of whole bus terminal. As with engineering and
operational aspects of terminal facilities the focus would be on the design to fulfill traffic
capacity requirement and operational efficiency to operators and passengers. The proposed
far side terminating bas terminal model which located outside city centre may have added
advantages such as reducing unnecessary congestion and improving the environment.
Objectives:
This project have following main objectives:
Conducting research on the existing bus terminal of a city and proposing a new model of bus
terminal according to findings
1. Architectural planning of whole bus-terminal
2. Planning and design of complete bus-terminal
3. Design of a steel garage for bus repairing house and bus storage
4. Design of pavement
5. Material estimation of the whole project
6. Car parking management
Description of the Project:

At first i conducted a survey in poorly planned and constructed Bus-terminal which is

located in one of the major city in Bangladesh. After surveying i found the following
conditions
1. The ticket counters are situated here and there and sometimes it creates a irritating situation
to search expected ticket counter among the passengers.

2. In terms of waiting area, mostly it is strategic because the plan at bus-terminal is properly
well managed and not suitable for the users and customers.
3. Information on trips and services are well managed.
4. Public facilities such as toilets, telephone are inadequate.
5. Lack of facilities for staff such as office and control room, storage of personal belongings,
rest room, toilets and so on.
6. Lacking of proper as well as modern repairing house and bus storage garage.
I designed a complete bus-terminal including a terminal building design, a steel garage design
by using roof truss system and the rigid pavement design of terminal area and finally gave
some feedback to improve car parking management.

SLAB DESIGN
SLAB1:
Side ratio:
Ly/Lx=11.19/5.375
=2.08>2
Hence it is one way slab.
Effective depth:
Span/Basic value=5.375/25
=215mm.

d =215+20
=235mm.
Effective span:
Effective span=d + clear cover
=0.215+5.375
=5.59m.
Load calculation:

Self weight of slab=0.235*1*25

=5.875KN/m2
Floor finish

=1.5KN/m2

Live load

=4KN/m2

Total load

=11.375KN/m2

Design load

=11.375*1.5
=18KN/m2.

Bending moment:
Mu=WL2/8
=18*5.592/8
=70.3KN.m.
Maximum shear =WL/8
=18*5.59/8
=12.57KNm.
Depth required:
Mu=Q*b*d2
d=

Mu
Qb

dreq=160mm.
dprovide=drequired
Hence it is safe.
Main reinforcement:
Mu=0.87.fy.Ast.d[1-fy.Ast/fck.b.d]
70.3*106=0.87*415*Ast*215[1-415*Ast/20*1000*215]
Ast=1002.7mm2.
Spacing:
Main reinforcement=3d or 300mm

=3*215 or 300
=645 or 300
=300mm.
Distribution reinforcement=5d or 450mm
=5*215 or 450mm
=1075 or 450mm
=450mm.
Curtailment:
Curtailment=0.1*Effective span
=0.1*5.59
=0.559m.
Check for shear:

=vu/b.d

=12.57*103/1000*215
=0.058N/mm2.
Percentage of steel=Ast*100/b.d
=1002.7*100/1000*215
=0.466.
From IS456:2000 pg.no:73

=0.46

From IS456:2000 pg.no:72 clause 40.2.1.1

K=1.12
K*

=1.12*0.46

=0.51.

< K*

Hence it is safe.
Hence for main reinforcement provide 10mm at 300mm c/c.
Hence for distributive reinforcement provide 8mm at 450mm c/c.

SLAB 2:
Side ratio:
Ly/Lx=9.69+1.50/5.03=2
2<22
Hence it is one way slab.
Effective Depth:
Span =5.03/25
d=201.2mm
D=201.2+20
221.2mm
Effective span=d+clear span
=0.2212+5.03
=5.2512m
Load Calculation:
Self wt. of slab= 0.2212*1*25
= 5.53KNM2
Floor finish

= 15 KN/M2

Live Load:
=4 KN/M2
=11.03*1.5
=17 KN/M2
Design Load= 17KN/M2

Bending Moment:
=Wl2/8
=17*103*5.2512/8
=53.59 KN/M2
Maximum Shear:
Vu=wl/2
=17*103*5.25/2
= 42.63KN.M
Depth Required:
Mu=Q.bd2
D=140mm
Dprovide>Drequired
Hence it is safe
Main reinforcement:
Mu=0.87.fy.Ast.d[1-fy.Ast/fck.b.d]
53.59*106=0.87*415*Ast*201.2[1-415*Ast/20*1000*201.2]
Ast=804.37mm2.
Spacing:
Main reinforcement=3d or 300mm
=3*201.2 or 300
=300mm

Distribution reinforcement=5d or 450mm

=5*201.2 or 450mm
=450mm.

Curtailment:

Curtailment=0.1*Effective span
=0.1*5.2512
=0.525m.
Check for shear:

=vu/b.d

=42.563*103/1000*201.2
=0.21N/mm2.
Percentage of steel=Ast*100/b.d
=804.37*100/1000*201.2
=0.39.
From IS456:2000 pg.no:73

=0.4272

From IS456:2000 pg.no:72 clause 40.2.1.1

K=1.1576
K*

=1.1576*0.4272

=0.49.

< K*

Hence it is safe.
Hence for main reinforcement provide 10mm at 300mm c/c.
Hence for distributive reinforcement provide 8mm at 450mm c/c.

SLAB3:
Side ratio:
Ly/Lx=11.19/10.52
=2.16>2
Hence it is one way slab.

Effective depth:
Span/Basic value=5.26/25
=210.4mm.

d =210.4+20
=230.4mm.
Effective span:
Effective span=d + clear cover
=0.230+5.26
=5.49m.
Load calculation:
Self weight of slab=0.230*1*25
=5.76KN/m2
Floor finish

=1.5KN/m2

Live load

=17KN/m2

Design load

=18KN/m2.

Bending moment:
Mu=WL2/8
=17*5.492/8
=64.05KN.m.
Maximum shear =WL/8
=17*5.49/8
=46.66KNm.
Depth required:
Mu=Q*b*d2
d=

Mu
Qb

dreq=160mm.
dprovide=drequired
Hence it is safe.
Main reinforcement:
Mu=0.87.fy.Ast.d[1-fy.Ast/fck.b.d]
64.05*106=0.87*415*Ast*210.4[1-415*Ast/20*1000*210.4]
Ast=928mm2.
Spacing:
Main reinforcement=3d or 300mm
=3*215 or 300
=300mm.
Distribution reinforcement=5d or 450mm
=450mm.
Curtailment:
Curtailment=0.1*Effective span
=0.1*5.49
=0.549m.
Check for shear:

=vu/b.d

=46.66*103/1000*210.4
=0.22N/mm2.
Percentage of steel=Ast*100/b.d
=928*100/1000*210.4
=0.44.
From IS456:2000 pg.no:73

=0.45

From IS456:2000 pg.no:72 clause 40.2.1.1

K=1.14
K*

=1.14*0.46

=0.51.

< K*

Hence it is safe.
Hence for main reinforcement provide 10mm at 300mm c/c.
Hence for distributive reinforcement provide 8mm at 450mm c/c.

SLAB4:
Side ratio:
Ly/Lx=11.19/7.43
=1.50<2
Hence it is two way slab.
Effective depth:
Span/Basic value=7.2/25
=288mm.

d =288+20
=308mm.
Effective span:
Effective span=d + clear cover
=0.3+7.43
=7.73m.
Load calculation:
Self weight of slab=0.32*1*25
=8KN/m2

Floor finish

=0.75KN/m2

Live load

=4KN/m2

Design load

=28.68KN/m2.

Bending moment:
Mx=x*Wu*Lx
=0.068*28.38*7.432
=107.66KN.m.
My=y*Wu*Lx
=0.035*13.125*7.432
=55.41KN.m.
Depth required:
Mu=Q*b*d2
d=

Mu
Qb

dreq=197.5mm.
dprovide>drequired
Hence it is safe.
Main reinforcement:
Longer span
Mu=0.87.fy.Ast.d[1-fy.Ast/fck.b.d]
107.66*106=0.87*415*Ast*300[1-415*Ast/20*1000*300]
Ast=1074mm2
Shorter span:
Mu=0.87.fy.Ast.d[1-fy.Ast/fck.b.d]
55.41*106=0.87*415*Ast*300[1-415*Ast/20*1000*300]
Ast=531mm2
.Spacing:

Main reinforcement=3d or 300mm

=300mm.
Distribution reinforcement=5d or 450mm
=450mm.
Curtailment:
Curtailment=0.1*Effective span
=0.1*7.43
=0.743m.
Check for shear:

=vu/b.d

=106.54*103/1000*300
=0.35N/mm2.
Percentage of steel=Ast*100/b.d
=531*100/1000*300
=0.177
From IS456:2000 pg.no:73

=0.30

From IS456:2000 pg.no:72 clause 40.2.1.1

K=1.10
K*

=1.1*0.30

=0.30.

< K*

Hence it is safe.
Hence for main reinforcement provide 10mm at 300mm c/c.
Hence for distributive reinforcement provide 8mm at 450mm c/c.

SLAB5:
Side ratio:
Ly/Lx=4.5/3.345
=1.345<2
Hence it is two way slab.
Effective depth:
Span/Basic value=3345/25
=140mm.
d =140+25
=165mm.
Effective span:
Effective span=d + clear cover
=0.14+3.345
=3.485m.
Load calculation:
Self weight of slab=0.16*1*25
=4KN/m2
Floor finish

=0.75KN/m2

Live load

=4KN/m2

Design load

=13.125KN/m2.

Bending moment:
Mx=x*Wu*Lx
=0.0778*13.125*3.3452
=11.42KN.m.
My=y*Wu*Lx
=0.043*13.125*7.432
=6.31KN.m.

Depth required:
Mu=Q*b*d2

d=

Mu
Qb

dreq=140mm.
dprovide>drequired
Hence it is safe.
Main reinforcement:
Longer span
Mu=0.87.fy.Ast.d[1-fy.Ast/fck.b.d]
11.42*106=0.87*415*Ast*140[1-415*Ast/20*1000*140]
Ast=234mm2
Shorter span:
Mu=0.87.fy.Ast.d[1-fy.Ast/fck.b.d]
6.31*106=0.87*415*Ast*140[1-415*Ast/20*1000*140]
Ast=127mm2
.Spacing:
Main reinforcement=3d or 300mm
=300mm.
Distribution reinforcement=5d or 450mm
=450mm.
Curtailment:
Curtailment=0.1*Effective span
=0.1*3.345
=0.3345m.
Check for shear:

=vu/b.d

=21.95*103/1000*300
=0.156N/mm2.
Percentage of steel=Ast*100/b.d
=127*100/1000*140
=0.09
From IS456:2000 pg.no:73

=0.28

From IS456:2000 pg.no:72 clause 40.2.1.1

K=1.3
K*

=1.3*0.28

=0.117.

< K*

Hence it is safe.
Hence for main reinforcement provide 10mm at 300mm c/c.
Hence for distributive reinforcement provide 8mm at 450mm c/c.

SLAB6:
Side ratio:
Ly/Lx=4.5/3.23
=1.393<2
Hence it is two way slab.
Effective depth:
Span/Basic value=3230/25
=130mm.

d =130+25

=155mm.
Effective span:
Effective span=d + clear cover
=0.13+3.23
=3.36m.
Load calculation:
Self weight of slab=0.155*1*25
=4KN/m2
Floor finish

=0.75KN/m2

Live load

=4KN/m2

Design load

=13.125KN/m2.

Bending moment:
Mx=x*Wu*Lx
=0.0627*13.125*3.232
=8.59KN.m.
My=y*Wu*Lx
=0.035*13.125*3.232
=4.80KN.m.
Depth required:
Mu=Q*b*d2
d=

Mu
Qb

dreq=56mm.
dprovide>drequired
Hence it is safe.
Main reinforcement:
Longer span

Mu=0.87.fy.Ast.d[1-fy.Ast/fck.b.d]
8.59*106=0.87*415*Ast*130[1-415*Ast/20*1000*130]
Ast=189mm2
Shorter span:
Mu=0.87.fy.Ast.d[1-fy.Ast/fck.b.d]
4.80*106=0.87*415*Ast*130[1-415*Ast/20*1000*130]
Ast=104mm2
.Spacing:
Main reinforcement=3d or 300mm
=300mm.
Distribution reinforcement=5d or 450mm
=450mm.
Curtailment:
Curtailment=0.1*Effective span
=0.1*3.23
=0.3230m.
Check for shear:

=vu/b.d

=21.19*103/1000*130
=0.163N/mm2.
Percentage of steel=Ast*100/b.d
=104*100/1000*140
=0.074
From IS456:2000 pg.no:73

=0.28

From IS456:2000 pg.no:72 clause 40.2.1.1

K=1.30
K*

=1.3*0.28

=0.117.

< K*

Hence it is safe.
Hence for main reinforcement provide 10mm at 300mm c/c.
Hence for distributive reinforcement provide 8mm at 450mm c/c.

SLAB7:
Side ratio:
Ly/Lx=9.46/9.46
=1<2
Hence it is two way slab.
Effective depth:
Span/Basic value=9460/25
=380mm.

d =380+25
=415mm.
Effective span:
Effective span=d + clear cover
=0.38+9.46
=9.84m.
Load calculation:
Self weight of slab=0.415*1*25
=10.375KN/m2
Floor finish

=0.75KN/m2

Live load

=4KN/m2

Design load

=22.68KN/m2.

Bending moment:
Mx=x*Wu*Lx
=0.062*13.125*9.462
=72.82KN.m.
My=y*Wu*Lx
=0.062*13.125*9.462
=72.62KN.m.
Depth required:
Mu=Q*b*d2
d=

Mu
Qb

dreq=162mm.
dprovide>drequired
Hence it is safe.
Main reinforcement:
Longer span
Mu=0.87.fy.Ast.d[1-fy.Ast/fck.b.d]
72.82*106=0.87*415*Ast*380[1-415*Ast/20*1000*380]
Ast=628mm2
Shorter span:
Mu=0.87.fy.Ast.d[1-fy.Ast/fck.b.d]
72.82*106=0.87*415*Ast*380[1-415*Ast/20*1000*380]
Ast=628mm2
.Spacing:
Main reinforcement=3d or 300mm

=300mm.
Distribution reinforcement=5d or 450mm
=450mm.
Curtailment:
Curtailment=0.1*Effective span
=0.1*9.46
=0.946m.
Check for shear:

=vu/b.d

=62.80*103/1000*380
=0.163N/mm2.
Percentage of steel=Ast*100/b.d
=628*100/1000*380
=0.014
From IS456:2000 pg.no:73

=0.28

From IS456:2000 pg.no:72 clause 40.2.1.1

K=1.0
K*

=1.0*0.28

=0.28.

< K*

Hence it is safe.
Hence for main reinforcement provide 10mm at 300mm c/c.
Hence for distributive reinforcement provide 8mm at 450mm c/c.

DESIGN OF COLUMN FOOTING

=200 KN/M2

Assuming safe bearing capacity

Axial load on footing

=70 KN
=105 KN
=115X103/200x103

Add 10% as footing req =Total load/SBC

=0.578 m2
Provide 5 size of footing

=1100x1100
=1200x1200
=1300x1300
=1400x1400
=1500x1500
Total load on footing with its

self.wt
Up word soil pressure
=
--------------------------------------------------Area
of footing
105x103
= --------------- x1500
=105 KN/M

1500
Factored moment
Soil pressure x area x centre of area
0.49/2)x0.375/2

= 105x(1
=14.86 KN.m

TO FIND DEPTH (d):

d

= 14.86 x 106 / 2.074 x 490

d

Final d

= 120mm
= 120+40+40

Min Asc

<

Asc provide

PROVISION OF LATERAL TIES

Greater of the following
largest dia bar

=1/4 x 16

=6mm

= 6 mm
Say lateral ties

=6 mm

PITCH
Le Ast of the following
Le Ast lateral dimensions
16 x smallest dia

=16 x 10 = 160mm

48 x dia of laterals ties

= 48 x 6 = 288mm

TO FIND AST
Mu
d[1-Ast x fy/bd x fck]

=0.87 x fy x Ast x

14.86 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 z Ast x 120[1-Ast x 415/490 x 120 x 15]

Area of resisting shear force

= 1x 0.11
= 0.11 m

DESIGN OF COLUMN
RECTANGULAR COLUMN:
Column size 660*490
Working load

=1500KN

Design load

=2250KN

Pu

=(0.4 fckAsc)+(0.67fy Asc)

Let Ag

=660x490

=323400mm2
Asc required:
Ac

=Ag-Asc

Ac

=323.4x103- Asc

2250x103=0.4 x 15 x (323.4 x 103-Asc) + ( 0.67 x 415 Asc)

=1271.82mm2

Asc
Provide 6 nos 20mm dia provided

=6 x 202 x /4

Asc provided

=1884.95 mm2
% Ast

=100 x Asc /Ag

=0.582%

Min Asc

=0.8 x 1884.95
=1507.96mm2

Max Asc

=6% of Asc
=6 x 1884.95
=11309.7mm2

CHECK:
Min Asc

<

Asc provide

<

Max Asc

0.8%

<

1.34%

<

6%

SLENDERNESS RATIO:
Effective depth

=3.35 m
=le / b
=3.35 / 0.49
=6.836 < 12

It is short column.
Provisions of lateral lines

Greater of the following

1.1/4 xdia of span

=1/4 x 20 = 5 mm

2.Dia of lateral

= 6 mm

Say 6 mm as dia of lateral ties.

Pitch of the following
Let Ast of the following
1.460
2.16 x smallest dia

= 16 x 20 = 320mm

3.48 x dia of lateralties

=48 x 6 = 288mm

Say pitch

=288 mm

CHECK FOR SPACING:

490-(40+40+10)

=288 mm < 400 mm

SQUARE COLUMN
Column size 490 x 490
Working load

=1200KN

Design load

=1800KN

Pu

=( 0.4 fck Ac ) + ( 0.67 fyAsc )

Ag

= 490x 490
=240100 mm2

Asc Required
Ac

=Ag Asc

Ac

=240 x 103 Asc

Pu

=0.4 fck x Ac + 0.67 fyAsc

Asc

=1323.18mm2

Provide 6 nos 20 mm diarods

Asc

=1884 mm2

%Ast

=100 x Ast /Ag

=400 x 1884.9 / 240 x 103
=0.785%

Area of concrete req

Ac

=Pu / 0.4 fck

=1800 x 103/0.4 x 15
=300000 mm2

CHECK:
0.6

<

Ac provide

<

0.8%

OK.
DESIGN OF LINTEL CUM SUNSHADE
Live load

= 1 KN/M2

Width of sun shade

= 0.6 m

Width of spacing

= 1m

DESIGN CONSTANTS:
M15 / Fe 415
M.F

= 12

Eff. Span

= 0.6 m

d REQUIRED FOR STIFFNESS:

dreqd

= Eff. Span / B.V x M.F

= 600/7 x 1.4
=61.22mm

Assume 10 mm dia rods & 15 mm clear cover

D

=61.22 + 15 + 10/2

=81.22 mm
Say D

=85 mm

=65 mm

LOADING & BENDING MOMENT :

Live load

= 1 KN/M2

Floor finish load

=0.75 KN/M2

Self wt.
(D x R cc = 0.825 x 25)

=2.125 KN/M2

Total load

=3.875 KN/M2
= 5.813 KN/M2

Fd =3.875 x 1.5
Consider 1 m length
B.M

=Fd x 12 / 2
=5.813 x 0.62
=1.0463KN.M

dreqd for B.M

d

=(1.0463 x 106 / 2.069 x 1000 )

22.49 mm

= d provided

=0.12 / 100 x b x D

Ast provision

=0.12 / 100 x 1000 x 85

=102 mm2
Ast required
1.0436 x 106
Astreqd

= 0.87 x 415 x 65 x Ast[ 1-Ast x 415 /15 x 65 1000]

=45 mm2

Provide Ast 2 nos. 10 mm

=235.62 mm2

Maximum Ast

=0.04 x bd

=0.4 x 1000 x 85
=3400 mm2

SPACING:
S

=78.54 / 235.62 x 1000

=333.3 mm

Max spacing

= 3d (or) 450 ( which ever is less )

=195 mm

Provide 3 nos. 10 mm as spacing @ 190 mm C\C

DISTRIBUTION:
Min Ast

=102 mm2

Spacing

=50.24 / 102 x 100

=492 mm C\C

Max spacing = 5 x 65

=325 mm

Provide 8 mm spacing @ 320 mm C\C

CURTAILMENT:
=L/2
=600/2
=300 mm
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH:
Fd

=0.87 x fy x / 4 bd
=0.87 x 415 x 10 / 4 x 1.6 x 1
=564.14 mm

Provide ld = 570 mm
DESIGN OF LINTEL:
D

= 1 / 10 x span
= 1 / 10 x 1000

= 100 mm
D

=100+25+10/2
=130 mm

Eff. Span

=clear span + d
= 1000 + 100
= 1100mm

Height of triahgle
\

= 0.866 x 1.1
= 952.6 mm

Height of masonry wall above the

Lintel

=3050 - ( 2100 + 130 )

Weight of triangle is greater than roof.

LENGTH OF FLOOR SLAB:
X / 1100 / 2 = 952.6 820 / 952.6
X

= 76.559 mm

LOADING & BENDING MOMENT:

1. BM due to triangle loading
W

=1/2 x b x h x wall x unit wt.

=1/2 x 1.1 x 0.82 x 0.23 x 19
=1.971 KN
=1.971 x 1.1 /6 =0.361 KN.M

BM
2. BM due to load form slab
RA = RB = fdx 1/2
=7.55 x 0.77 / 2
=0.298 KN
BM
=1.971 x 1.1 / 6 = 0.361 KN.M
3. BM due to self wt of lintel
W
=0.23 x 0.11 x 25 = 0.748 KN/M
BM
=0.748 x 1.12 / 8 = 0.113 KN.M
4. BM due to load from sunshade =3.875 x 0.6
=2.325 KN/M
=2.325 x 1.1 / 8
=0.352 KN.M
Total load

= 0.352 + 0.113 + 0.063 + 0.361

=0.889 KN.M

AST PROVISION:
Min Ast

=0.85 x 230 x 100 / 415

=47 mm2

Astreqd
43.431 Ast2 36105 Ast + 1.334 x 106

=0
=44.88 mm2

Ast reqd.
Provide 2 nos. 10 mm
Ast

=157.03 mm2

Max. Ast

=0.04 bd
=0.04 x 230 x 130
=1196 mm2

CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE:

Shear force

=wt of tri portion / 2 + RA +m self wt. of lintel

=1.971 / 2 +0.298 + 0.748 x 1.1 / 2
=1.695 KN.

Design shear force(Vu)

=1.695 x 1.5
=2.543 KN.

Nominal shear stress(v)

=Vu / bd
=2.54 x 103 / 230 x 100
=0.11 N/mm2
=2.5 N/MM2

c max
v

Design shear strength of concrete c

<

c max.

= 100 Ast / bd
= 100 x 157.08 / 230 x 100

=6.683%
v

=0.519 N/mm2

provide 2 legged strips 3mm

SPACING:
1. Sv= Asv x fy / 0.46
2. 0.75 x 100 = 75 mm
3. 450 mm
Provide 2 legged 8mm stripes spacing @ 75 mm C\C
DESIGN OF LINTEL CUM SUNSHADE:
Width of opening

= 1.5 m

LINTEL DESIGN:
D

=1/10 x span
= 1 / 10 x 1500
=150 mm

= 150+25+10/2
=180mm

Provide

=150 mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN(I):
=C.Span + d
=1.5 + 0.15
=1.65 mm.
Ht of triangle = 0.8661

=0.8661 x 1.65
=1.429 m

Ht of masonry wall above the

Lintel

= 3050- ( 1500 + 180 )

=1370 mm
=1.37 m

Ht of triangle is greater than the

Roof

X / 1650 /2

=1429 / 1370 / 1429

X

=34.06 mm

1. BM due to triangle load W

2. BM due to load from slab
RA = RB
BM
3.

Self wt of lintel

4. BM due to sunshade
Total moment
Factored moment

=1/2 x 1.65 x 1.37 x 0.23 x 19

=4.939 KN.
=fd / 2
=7.75 x 0.0341 / 2
=0.132 KN.
=0.132 x 1/2 7.75 x 0.0341 /2 x 0.0341 / 4
=0.0649 KN.M
=0.23 x 0.18 x 25
=1.035 KN.M
=0.352 KN.M
=0.352 KN.M
=2.127 KN.M
=2.127 x 1.5
=3.191 KN.M

d REQUIRED FOR BENDING MOMENT:

35mm

< d provided

AST PROVISION:
Min Ast

=0.85 bd / fy
=0.85 x 230 x 150 / 415
=70.66 mm2

Ast required
3.191 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x 150 x Ast [ 1.415 x Ast / 15 x 230 x 10 ]
=62 mm2
Max Ast
`

=0.04 x 230 150

=1380 mm

CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE:

Shear force

=Wt of tri portion / 2 + RA + slefwt of lintel

=4.392/2 + 0.132 +1.035 x 1.65 / 2
=3.456 KN.M

Design of shear force(Vu)

=3.456 x 1.5
=5.184 KN

Nominal show force Vu

=5.18 KN

Nominal sheastress( v )

= Vu / bd
=5.184 x 103 / 230 x 150
=0.151 N/MM2
=2.5 N/MM2

c max
v

<

c max.

Design shear strength of concrete c =100 x Ast / bd.

=100 x 235.62 / 230 x 100
=0.157%
=0.35 N/MM2

c
v

<

provide 2 legged 8 mm strips

SPACING:
1. Sv
2. 0.75 x d

=Asv x fy / 0.46
=100.53 x 415 x / 0.4 x 230
=453.48mm
=0.75 x 150
=112.5 mm

3. 450mm
Provide 8 mm 2 legged stripes spacing @ 110 C\C.