Compitec

Resumen
Esteinformerecogelosprincipalesresultadosobtenidosapartirdelestudiodeinformacin
de patentes e informacin cientfica para determinar las tendencias tecnolgicas en la
produccindeetanolapartirdelosresiduoslignocelulsicos.
La fuente de informacin fundamental para este estudio fue la base de datos de patentes
QPATlacualdisponedeunsistemadebsqueda(PlusPat)queincluyecercade50millones
de documentos de patentes, colectados a partir de las bases de datos de 75 autoridades
mundiales. De estos 50 millones, 14 millones tienen los resmenes en ingls, existen 9
millones de dibujos, y para la mayora de las naciones la data acumulada comienza en el
principiodelsigloXX.DentrodePlusPatseencuentralaherramientaFampatquepotencia
los resultados de la bsqueda al incluir toda la informacin relacionada con la familia de
patentes. Tambin se utiliz la base de datos Esp@cenet internacional, la cual incluye
informacindecercade70pasesyregionesdelmundoycontiene59millonesdepatentes.
ComplementariamenteseconsultaronlasbasesdedatosdepatentesdeEE.UU.yladelos
registros internacionales de patentes de acuerdo al Tratado Internacional de Patentes
administrado por la OMPI. Adems se utilizaron sitios de bsquedas de informacin
cientficotcnica,ascomomotoresdebsquedasdecompaascomerciales.Laspalabras
clavesutilizadasestnespecificadasenelacpiteEstrategiadebsqueda.
Comoresultadosimportantesdeesteestudiosepudoconcluirque:
EstadosUnidoseselmayorgeneradordepatentessobreeltema.
Brasil,comoprimerproductordeetanolapartirdelacaadeazcar,esunafuente
de informacin muy importante, tanto desde el punto de vista empresarial como
acadmico.
Laintroduccindelprocesodehidrlisisrpidaenlaproduccindeetanolapartir
de los residuos lignocelulsico, permite, de una manera factible, usar esta materia
primacomoalternativa.
Existe un auge de proyectos e inversiones relacionados con el tema ya que se ha

demostradoqueesviablelautilizacindelmateriallignocelulsicocomofuentede
energarenovable.
Enelcuerpodeesteinformesiincluyendeformaexplicitatodoslosresultadosobtenidosa
partirdelanlisisdeinformacin,loscualespermitieronllegaraestasconclusiones.
1. Introduccinalestudio.
En este trabajo nos proponemos poner a disposicin de los clientes, un paquete

informativo con valor agregado, basado en el anlisis, validacin, y conjugacin de las
fuentes de informacin que estn a nuestro alcance. Esta gestin de la informacin,
realizada para brindar conocimientos, resulta una herramienta poderosa para cualquier
organizacin.Esimportanteteneren cuenta,queeldesarrollotecnolgicoes unproceso
dinmico, por lo que su supervisin presupone mtodos sistemticos, con anlisis de
indicadores,sealesdeavisos,yseguimientodetendenciasparalograrunaidentificacin
precoz de oportunidades o amenazas, cuestin vital en el diseo de estrategias para las
organizaciones.
DentrodelasfuentesdeinformacinaanalizarseencuentralainformacindePatentes.
Losdocumentosdepatentestienencaractersticastcnicolegalquedelimitanelalcance
de los derechos monoplicos de comercializacin sobre los objetos de invencin
amparados en las patentes tanto territorial como temporalmente, por ello en su
contenido no se exige que se demuestre cientficamente el por qu ocurren estos
resultados.Enestafuentedeinformacinserecuperafundamentalmentealternativasde
solucinaproblemastcnicosdelaindustriaodelasociedadengeneral,queparapoder
constituirobjetosdeinvencindebenserinnovaciones,tantodeproductosoprocesosque
satisfagan los requisitos de patentabilidad: novedad mundial, actividad inventiva y
aplicabilidadindustrial.
Esta fuente de informacin presenta una serie de ventajas frente a otras fuentes de
informacinentrelasquesedestacan:
Trasmiteninformacinrecienteconunconsiderabletiempodeanticipacin(dosa
tresaos)delasalidadelproductoalmercado,conuncontenidocientficotcnico
queenmsdeun70%noapareceenotrasfuentes.
Lainformacincontenidaesmuytilparalageneracin denuevasinnovaciones
tcnicasrealmentecompetitivasenelmercado,paralaadquisicindetecnologas,
yparasolucionestcnicasenlaindustria.
Permite,atravsdelafecha,realizarestudiosdeobsolescencia,tendencias,ciclos
devida,prediccindeprecios,valores,etc.
Permiteidentificarlugares,autores,ypatrocinadoresdelacompetencia.
Conjugar la informacin de patentes, la informacin cientfico comercial, y los criterios y

valoraciones de expertos, a travs del prisma de las necesidades del cliente, permite
mostrarunavisinglobaldeldesarrollotecnolgicoenestudio.Locualsuministra,deesta
manera,elementosesencialesparalatomadedecisiones.
ElTemadelpresenteInformeeselsiguiente:
Estado Actual de la Tcnica sobre produccin de etanol a partir de residuos

lignocelulsicos.
Pararealizaresteestudioanalizaremosinformacinpublicadaendocumentosdepatentes,
artculoscientficos,dictmenesdeexpertos,informesdeautoridadesnacionales,informes
de organizaciones no gubernamentales, informacin de empresas productoras y
comercializadoras, y cualquier otra fuente confiable de informacin que contribuya a
establecer, lo ms real posible, el estado actual de la tcnica relacionada con el tema en

anlisis.
LosBIOcombustiblessonaquelloscombustiblesproducidosapartirdebiomasayqueson
considerados,portanto,unaenergarenovable.Sepuedenpresentartantoenformaslida
(residuos vegetales, fraccin biodegradable de los residuos urbanos o industriales) como
lquida(bioalcoholes,biodisel)ygaseosa(biogs,hidrgeno).
Elalcoholetlicooetanolesunproductoqumicoobtenidoapartirdelafermentacinde
los azcares que se encuentran en los productos vegetales. Estos azcares estn
combinados en forma de sacarosa, almidn, hemicelulosa y celulosa. Actualmente, el
bioetanol es el biocombustible con mayor produccin mundial. Para su fabricacin se
pueden utilizar una gran cantidad de materias primas. El mayor productor mundial de
etanol son los Estados Unidos con una produccin anual aproximada de 18 Billones de
litros, esta produccin proviene principalmente del almidn de maz, y muy cercano a l
estBrasilconunaproduccinanualde17Billonesdelitrosprincipalmenteapartirdecaa
deazcar.Tambinseutilizaremolacha,cerealoresiduosforestales,etc.EnlafiguraNo.1
se pueden observar una comparacin en cuanto a rendimiento de diferentes cultivos
energticos.
FiguraNo.1.Rendimientoporcultivosenergticos.
1.1. Problemtica
La subida de precio de los alimentos y los ltimos informes negativos sobre estos
BIOcombustibles han generado el rechazo y la desconfianza de la sociedad. La Agencia
paralosCombustiblesRenovablesdeReinoUnido,llamadoInformeGallagher,recomienda
frenarlosobjetivosdeestoscarburantesverdespara2020hastaquesepuedaasegurarsu
sostenibilidad.Estoshanpasadoenpocosmesesdeserpartedelasolucinparaelcambio
climtico a convertirse en el foco de todas las crticas. Sin embargo, no todos los
biocombustiblestienenlamismaresponsabilidadenlacrisisalimentariaglobal.
UnrecienteestudiosecretodelBancoMundial,publicadoporTheGuardian,aseguraba
queelimpactodeestoscarburantespuedesuponerel75%delaumentodepreciodelmaz
y el trigo. Pero dicho informe exclua de esa cifra al sustituto vegetal de la gasolina
producido a partir de caa de azcar. De hecho, este producto es la nica materia prima
agrcolaquenohaaumentadodepreciodesde2006,mientraselaumentomediodelresto
dealimentoshasidodel83%enelmismoperiodo.
Elciclodevidadelbioetanoldecaadeazcaremitecercadeun85%menosdeCO2que
lasgasolinasprocedentesdelpetrleo,segndatosextradosdeinformesdelWorldwatch
Institute y de la Agencia Internacional de la Energa. El bioetanol producido a partir de
cerealesenEuropaoEstadosUnidosgeneraun30%menosdecarbonoquelagasolinayel
producidoapartirderemolachaenlaUninEuropeatieneun45%dereduccin.
Losmaterialeslignocelulsicossonlosqueofrecenunmayorpotencialparalaproduccin
de bioetanol. Se generan como residuos en los procesos productivos de los sectores
agrcola,forestaleindustrial.Muchosdeestosresiduosnoslotienenvaloreconmicoen
el contexto donde se generan sino que pueden ser causa de problemas ambientales
durantesueliminacin.
Sin embargo, el bioetanol producido a travs de residuos lignocelulsicos tiene

inconvenientesreportadosporvariosautores,losmsfrecuentesson:
El pretratamiento utilizado tradicionalmente para eliminar la lignina es muy

costoso.
Laproduccindeenzimascapacesdehidrolizarlacelulosa/hemicelulosaocurreen
reactoresmicrobiolgicosmuycostosos.
El costo de inversin para una planta de produccin de bioetanol a partir de

bagazodecaaes50%mayorqueparaunaplantasimilarapartirdemelazas.
Apesardequelamelazacomomateriaprimacuesta4vecesmsqueelbagazode
caa, el costo unitario por litro es 30% ms caro para la produccin a partir del
bagazoqueapartirdelamelaza.
En estos momentos Brasil est implementando una nueva tecnologa, llamada Hidrlisis
RpidalacualsebasaenelmximoaprovechamientodelBagazodecaadeazcarlacuaL
permitiraumentarenun30%laproduccindeetanolsinsembrarmscaa.Enelacpite
deanlisisdeInformacinnopatenteahondaremossobreesteaspecto.
1.2. Proceso
EnlafiguraNo.2seobserva,deformaesquemtica,elprocesocompletodeobtencindel
alcohol,apartirdelasprincipalesmateriasprimasqueseutilizanparasuproduccin.
FiguraNo.2.ProcesodeProduccindeBioetanol.
Losresiduosdebiomasacontienenmezclascomplejasdecarbohidratos,llamadoscelulosa,
hemicelulosaylignina.Paraobtenerlosazcaresdelabiomasa,estaestratadaconcidos
o enzimas que facilitan su obtencin. La celulosa y hemicelulosa son hidrolizadas por
enzimasodiluidasporcidosparaobtenersacarosa,queesentoncesfermentada.Tresson
losprincipalesmtodosconvencionalesparaextraerestosazcares:lahidrlisisconcidos
concentrados,lahidrlisisconcidosdiluidosylahidrlisisenzimtica.
A continuacin, en la figura No.3, se muestra el contenido de azcares en los residuos

lignocelulsicos,notndosequelacelulosaylahemicelulosaconstituyenalrededordel80%
delcontenidototal.
FiguraNo.3.Composicindelosresiduoslignocelulsicos.
EnlafiguraNo.4sepuedenverlasdiferentesformasdeprocesarlasmateriasprimas,en
funcindesuorigen,paralaobtencindesusazcares.
FiguraNo.4.DiferenciacindeprocesosdeProduccindeBioetanol.
Pretratamiento
Elpretratamientoenesteprocesojuegaunrolmuyimportanteyaqueatravsdelmismo
seeliminalalignina,queeslaprimeracapadeproteccinvegetalparapoderaccederala
celulosa interior del material lignocelulsico. Estn reportados diferentes tipos de pre
tratamientos,loscualessonrepresentadosenlasiguientefigura:
FiguraNo.5.Diferentestiposdepretratamientos.
Hidrlisis
Las celulosas no pueden ser fermentadas directamente, es necesario convertirla en

azcares ms sencillos para su conversin en alcohol. La hidrlisis es un proceso qumico
que divide la molcula de celulosa por la accin de la molcula de agua. Las complejas
estructuras de la celulosa (celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina) son divididas en diferentes
procesosparaconseguirunasolucinazucarada,yeliminarproductosdedescomposicin
de los azucares que pueden inhibirlo, al menos, dificultar el proceso de fermentacin.
Principalmente se realizan procesos de hidrlisis de cidos concentrados y bajas
temperaturas,decidosdiluidosyaltastemperaturasyenzimticos.
Hidrlisisconcidosconcentrados.
Enesteprocesoseaadeentre7077%decidosulfricoalabiomasa,quehasidosecada
previamente hasta obtener una humedad menor del 10%. La proporcin de cido es de
1:25 por cada parte de biomasa y se mantiene a una temperatura controlada de 50C.
Entonces se aade agua, para diluir el cido a un 2030% de la mezcla, aumentando su
temperaturahastalos100C.Elgelproducidoenesteprocesoesprensadoparaobtenerla
mezcla de acido y azcar, que finalmente son separados. Este es un proceso del que se
obtienerendimientosmuyelevadosperoauncostoigualmentemuyelevado,porloque
industrialmentenoserealiza.
Hidrlisisconcidosdiluidos.
Esunodelosprocesosdehidrlisismsantiguos,simplesyeficientesparalaproduccin
del alcohol. El primer paso es mezclar una proporcin de 0,7% de cido sulfrico con la
hemicelulosa presente en la biomasa, para que se hidrolice a 190C. La segunda parte
consiste en optimizar el rendimiento de la reaccin con la parte de la celulosa ms
resistente, para ello se usa un 0,4% de cido sulfrico a 215C. Finalmente los lquidos
hidrolizadossonneutralizadosyrecuperados,normalmentemediantepercolacin.
Hidrlisisenzimtica.
Consiste en romper (hidrolizar) la celulosa por la adicin de determinadas enzimas. La
celulosa es degradada por las celulasas a azcares, que pueden ser fermentados por
levadurasobacteriasparaproduciretanol.Ensntesis,elprocesoconsisteendescomponer
la celulosa y la hemicelulosa del residuo en azcares sencillos y transformarlos en etanol

por fermentacin. En primer lugar se lleva a cabo un pretratamiento del residuo cuyo
objetivo es alcanzar los mejores resultados en las etapas siguientes (hidrlisis y
fermentacin).Desdeelpuntodevistaeconmico,estaetapaescrtica,puestoquegran
parte del coste total del proceso estara en esta primera etapa. Como resultado del
pretratamiento se obtiene una disolucin de azcares provenientes de la ruptura de la
hemicelulosa y un residuo slido (constituido principalmente por la celulosa del residuo
original).
La hidrlisis enzimtica presenta ventajas frente a la hidrlisis qumica, como menores

costos de equipamiento (debido a que se realiza a presin atmosfrica y a temperatura
prximaalaambiental),mayoresrendimientosynonecesitautilizaragentesqumicos.
1. BasesdeDatosySitiosdeInternetConsultados.
Lasbasesdedatosdeinformacindepatenteseinformacincientficotcnica,consultadas
enestainvestigacinfueron:
TablaNo.1.SitiosdeBasesdeDatosenInternet.
Pases/Org.
Basededatos
Perodosconsultados
Internet
QPAT
1900 - 2008
Estados Unidos
USPTO
1976 - 2008
Internet
Espacenet-Worl Wide
1900 - 2008
Internet
Scirus
1900- 2008
Internet
Scholar Google
1976 - 2008
1.1. OtrosSitiosdeInters.
http://www.elmundo.es/
DiarioespaolElMundo,artculoLacaadeazcar:lamejoralternativaalpetrleo
publicadoel21dejuliodel2008.
http://www.ciatej.net.mx/
CentrodeAsistenciaenTecnologayDiseodeJalisco,Mxico.
http://ceticismo.wordpress.com/2007/12/17/bagacodacanatambemproduz
alcool/
Sitiodecienciaytecnologabrasileo.
http://www.una.ac.cr/campus/
OficinadeComunicacin.UniversidadNacionaldeCostaRica.
http://www.dedini.com.br/es/dhr.html
PortaldeIndustriasDEDINI.Brasil
http://sistemasdeproducao.cnptia.embrapa.br/FontesHTML/Graspa/SistemaPro
ducaoGraspa/
fermentacao.htm
Portaldelaempresabrasileaparalaproduccindevino.
http://eventos.fim.uclv.edu.cu/comec/cd/ponen/c1/c129.pdf
UniversidaddeVillaClara.
http://www.iea.usp.br/iea/online/midiateca/etanolcelulosicosoares.pdf
InstitutodeEstudiosAvanzados.Brasil.
http://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/LX/agroindustriaazucarera/content/eve
ntos/
forocadenadevalor/foro_guadalajara/bioenergeticos5.pdf
ColegiodePostgraduados.Mxico.
http://www.madrimasd.org
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos del Crculo de Innovacin en Tecnologas
MedioambientalesyEnerga(CITME).
http://www.biodieselspain.com/2008/04/04/bioetanollignocelulosicoy
switchgrass/
SitiodeDebateymarketplacedebiocombustiles.
http://www.bolsageneral.es/acciones/abengoa/abengoaproduceetanolen
eeuuapartirdebiomasa/
Sitiodeanlisiselabolsadevalores.
2. EstrategiadeBsqueda.
PorClasificacinInternacionaldePatentes:
C12P Procesos de fermentacin para la sntesis de un compuesto qumico dado de
composicin dada. C12P 7/00 Preparacin de compuestos orgnicos que contienen
oxgeno. C12P 7/08 Preparacin como subproducto o preparado a partir de un sustrato
constituidopordesechosomateriascelulsicas.
Porpalabrasclavesyoperadoresautorizados:
1.
Bagassefermentationethanol
2.
Bagaofermentaolcool
Pretreatmentbagassefermentation.
3.
4.
Acidhydrolysislignocellulosic
5.
Enzymehydrolysislignocellulosic.
6.
Lignocellulosicethanol
7.
StrawsugarcaneHydrolysisethanol
La bsqueda realizada, conjugando las diferentes estrategias, arroj como resultado 61

familiasdepatentesrelacionadasconeltemadelboletn.Losresmenesdelaspatentes
seencuentranenelANEXO1.Ademsseencontraron26artculosvinculadosaproyectos
deinvestigacineinformacinacadmicaresumidosenelANEXO3.
3. AnlisisdeInformacin.
3.1. Patentes.
Serecuperaron61familiasdepatentesrelacionadasconlaproduccindeetanolapartir
delosresiduoslignocelulsicos.EnlaelfiguraNo.6semuestraladistribucindelas
patentesporpasesdeorigen.

Figura No. 6. Distribucin por pases de origen de las patentes
publicadas
Ntese como la generacin de patentes est centralizada en los pases desarrollados

siendoEstadosUnidosquienhageneradoel48%delasmismas,ademsseobservauna
tendencia a utilizar la va PCT para registrar las invenciones. El contenido de los
documentosabarcamuchosaspectosrelacionadosconlaproduccindeetanolapartirde
los residuos lignocelulsicos, entre ellos se destacan tipos de hidrlisis, tipos de enzimas,
tipos de pre tratamientos, especies de microorganismo, y tipos de residuos
lignocelulsicos. En la Tabla No.2 y en la figura No.7 se recoge la informacin
anteriormente explicada con respecto a los procesos de produccin. A continuacin se
relacionanlostiposdemicroorganismosreportadosenlosdocumentosdepatentesylos
tiposdematerialeslignocelulsicos.
Microorganismos
Sacharomycescerevisiae.
PichiastipitisWPW9ATCCPTA3717
Klugveromycesmarxianus
Klugveromycesgenus
Bacteriasetalonognicas.
BacteriasanaerobiasestrictastermfilasThermoanazrubactermathanii
Clostridiumcarboxidivorans
Thermoanazrubactersaccharolyticum.
MaterialLignocelulsico.
Residuosdemadera,residuosdecosechas,bagazodecaa,hierbas,rboles
gomferos,maderadehaya,roble,lamo,eucalipto,pino,abeto,papelreciclado,
pulpadepapel,forrajeanimal,pajasyhongos.
TablaNo.2.Temasabordadosporlaspatentes.
Cantidadde
Tema
Patentes
7
Hidrlisisenzimticautilizandocelulasa.
Hidrlisisenzimticautilizandocelulasaygalactosidasaenbuffercitrato.
Hidrlisisenzimticautilizandocelulasayxilasa.
Hidrlisisenzimticautilizandocelulasayamilasa.
10
Digestinutilizandomtodosfsicosqumicosconempleodesolventesorgnicos
Pretratamientoconlquidoinico.
Pretratamientoconsolucionesalcalinas.
Hidrlisiscidautilizandocidosulfricocombinadoconhidrlisisenzimtica.
Pretratamientoconhidrxidodeamonioconcentradomsvapor
Pretratamientoconvapor.
Tratamientoultrasnicocombinadoconhidrlisisenzimtica.
Figura No.7. Distribucin por Temas en los documentos recuperados de

patentespublicadas.
Utilizando la informacin brindada por los documentos de patentes entre el origen y el

destinodelastecnologasrealizamosungrfico,figuraNo.8,dondeserelacionaelflujode
publicacinygeneracin.Lasoficinasdeorigenserepresentanconuncrculorojoylasde
destino se representan con un cuadrado azul. Se observa como Estados Unidos, Brasil y
Sueciasonlosgrandesemisoresdesolicitudesfueradesuterritorio.Elgrosorasociadoa
algunas flechas indica el nmero de solicitudes en esa direccin, con lo que pudiramos
identificarlaintensidaddeinternacionalizacindelainnovacinpatentadaenestesector
porestospasesyconellosuinterscomercial.CoincidenBrasilyEstadosUnidoscomolos
pasesmayoresproductoresdeetanol.
FiguraNo.8.OrigenyDestinodelastecnologas.
EnlafiguraNo.9seobservaunaclaramesetaenlapublicacindepatentesdecasi17aos
entre 1980 y 1997. En los aos 70 la produccin de bioetanol cobr auge por el
incrementodelospreciosdelagasolinadebidoalacrisisenergticainternacional.Apartir
de los 80 el precio de la gasolina cay estrepitosamente por lo que todos los proyectos
investigativos,eldesarrollodetecnologaylasinversionessecongelaron.Nohasidohasta
aos recientes, donde se ha retomado el desarrollo de combinaciones de combustibles
utilizandoeletanolenlamezcla,debidoalalzadelospreciosdeloscombustiblesfsiles.
Muchos son los campos investigativos donde se incursiona en la actualidad como son el
biodisel,elempleodelasmezclasdeetanolenlagasolina,oelusodelETBE(etilterbutil
ter) como aditivo, etc, los cuales son de mxima importancia para la generalizacin del
empleodeenergasrenovablesyeldesarrollosostenible.
FiguraNo.9.Publicacindepatentes.
En la figura No 10 se muestra la relacin de titulares por patentes. Se observa como

EstadosUnidostieneel48%deltotaldepatentesrepartidasen6universidades,1centros
de investigacin y 4 compaas. Francia esta representada por el Instituto Nacional del
Petrleo y Dinamarca por dos compaas, en estos casos las patentes estn referidas a
resultadosdeinvestigacionesbsicasconprobabilidadesdeseraplicadasindustrialmente.
Por otro lado, es importante sealar que la titularidad de las patentes brasileas, pas
reconocidocomoelmayorproductordealcoholapartirdecaadeazcar,recaeendos
de los grupos nacionales empresariales ms potentes del pas. Uno relacionado con los
combustibles(Petrobrs)yotroconlaagroindustriaazucarera(DEDINI).ElResumendelas
patentesdeambasempresasseencuentraenelANEXO2.
FiguraNo.10.Titularesdepatentes.
PetroBraspresentalasolicituddeunapatente BRPI0605017paraunprocesocompletode
obtencin de alcohol a partir de residuos lignocelulsicos en especial bagazo de caa de
azcar. La cual comprende un paso de hidrlisis cida de la hemicelulosa con cido
sulfricoocurriendosimultneamenteunafermentacinalcohlicaenlacualelndicede
conversinaetanolesmuyaltoenmuypocotiempo.Dedini,unodelosmayoresGrupos
empresarialesfabricantesdemquinaseimplementosparaelsectordeazcaryalcohol,
ha depositado varios pedidos de patente referentes al proceso Dedini Hidrlisis Rpida
(DHR)enBrasil;dosdestasyahansidoconcedidasyotrasseencuentranenestudio.Enel
exterior, se solicitaron patentes en algunos pases de Europa y en Japn. En Estados
Unidos,lapatenteprincipalBRPI0505212yahasidootorgada.Estapatentecomprendeel
diseo de un reactor en el cual, el residuo lignocelulsico, est distribuido a lo largo del
mismo y este est sometido a un flujo de solvente orgnico, agua y un cido inorgnico
fuertediluido.Bajoestascondicionesseobtienenunextractocontenidoenlafaselquida,
mientrasquelaslidanoreacciona,esteprocesoocurrebajocondicionesdetemperatura
controlada, y recirculacin. La generalizacin de este proceso permitir que Brasil, en el
ao2012suministrarel10%deetanoldetodalagasolinaglobal.
3.2. InformacinnoPatente.
Se analizaron 26 artculos vinculados a usos en proyectos de investigacin e informacin

acadmicaresumidosenelANEXO3.
En la figura No.10, mostramos la cintica de publicacin de artculos cientficos en los
ltimos10aos.
FiguraNo.11.Publicacindeartculoscientficos.
De todos los artculos encontrados, el 65% fueron publicados en los ltimos 10 aos. Es
conveniente explicar que a su vez, se encontraron 3 artculos de principio de siglo XX
relacionados con la hidrlisis cida de la caa de azcar, publicados en eventos de la
revistaRoyalSocietyofLondon.
En la siguiente tabla se relaciona la cantidad de publicaciones por revistas y ao de

publicacin.
TablaNo.3.RelacindepublicacindeartculosporRevistas.
REVISTA
Cantidadde
Aodela
artculos
publicacin
2003
2005
2007
2008
2002
2004
2006
Biotechnology Bioengineering
1987
Catalysis Today
2000
Polymer Degradation and stability
2004
Applied Polymer Science
2004
Journal of Chromatography
2004
Biomacromolecules
2005
Canadian Journal of Microbiotechnology
2008
AppliedBiochemestryandBiotechnology
Journal of Food Engineering
Ntesequelaslagamaderevistaquehanpublicadosobreestetemaesampliaylaque
mspublicacionestienen,sonlaAppliedBiochemestryandBiotechnologyylaJournalof
FoodEngineering,dospublicacionesdealtoimpactoenlacomunidadcientfica.
Acontinuacin,enlatablaNo4ylafiguraNo11relacionamoslasinstitucionesquems
publicaciones han generado en los ltimos 10 aos. Se observa como las universidades
Brasileas acaparan el 30% del total de artculos, y las otras instituciones pertenecen a
pasesproductoresdeazcarapartirdelacaa,conexcepcindeEspaa.

FiguraNo.12.DistribucinporpaseseInstitucionesdeartculoscientficos
publicados.
Tabla No.4. Distribucin por pases e Instituciones de artculos cientficos

publicados.
INSTITUCIN
Pas
Cantidadde
publicaciones
Universidad de Lorena
Brasil
Universidad de Sao Pablo
Universidad Estadual de Campina
Universidad Federal de Ro de Janeiro
Universidad Auburn Texas
E.U.A
1
1
Instituto del Azcar de Los Angerles

Universidad de Tamulipas
Mxico
Universidad Santiago de Compostela
Espaa
Instituto de Investigaciones azucareras de Australia
Australia
Universidad de Delhi
India
Enelprocesoderecuperacindeinformacin,quedevidenciadoquelamayorcantidad
de informacin disponible se encuentra en los sitios de informacin cientficotcnica y
comercial de los pases con mayor volumen de exportacin de bioetanol, tomaremos a
Brasilcomoejemploporserelmayorexportadoranivelmundialdeetanolapartirdecaa
deazcaryalosEstadosUnidoscomoelmayorproductordeetanolapartirdemaz.
3.2.1. Brasil.
En Brasil el 45% de los carburantes que se

usanparaeltransporteprovienendelacaa
de azcar. El 1% de la tierra cultivable
produce casi el 50% del combustible que se
consumeenelpas",aseguraMarcosS.Jank,
presidente de la Asociacin de la Industria
Brasilea de la Caa de Azcar (UNICA). La
cosecha no cesa durante los 12 meses del
ao ya que existen variedades de caa
adaptadasalascondicionesclimticasdelas
pocassecasydelluvias.
Enestosmomentosseestimplementandoenloscentralesyrefinerasdeazcaryalcohol
de Brasil una nueva tecnologa desarrollada en el Centro de Tecnologa (CTC) de la
Cooperativa de Productores de Caa, Azcar y Alcohol del Estado de So Paulo
(Copersucar)dePiracicabaydelgrupoempresarialDEDINI,unodelosmayoresfabricantes
demquinaseimplementosparaelsectordeazcaryalcohol.Estatecnologaescapazde
hacercrecerlaproduccindealcoholalrededordeun30%sinnecesidaddeplantarniuna
caa ms. Esto es resultado del aprovechamiento total de la biomasa de la caa, ms
precisamente del bagazo. Estos investigadores consiguieron comprobar que es posible
fabricar alcohol etlico (etanol) carburante partiendo del bagazo de la caa, mediante un
proceso denominado Dedini Hidrlisis Rpida (DHR). El proceso DHR podr suministrar
alcohol a costos competitivos, utilizando una materia prima ya existente y liberando ms
caldodecaaparalaproduccindeazcar.
La tecnologa est formada por un reactor, que opera a una presin de entre 25 y 27
kg/cm2yaunatemperaturaprximaalos190grados,escontinuamentealimentadacon
bagazoyconunhidrosolventeorgnico(etanol,preferentemente,peseaqueotros,como
laacetona,elcidoacticoyelmetanolpuedentambinemplearse)mezcladoconcido
sulfrico. Esa mezcla har la transformacin de la celulosa presente en el bagazo en
glucosa. En seguida, el jarabe de glucosa es purificado, para retirar las sustancias
indeseables,principalmenteelcidosulfrico,yrecibelaadicindenutrientes,resultando
en un mosto fermentable que se mezclar al caldo y a la melaza utilizada normalmente
paralafabricacindelalcohol.Elrestodelprocesofermentacinydestilacinesrealizado
enlasinstalacionesyaexistentes.
LagranventajadelprocesoDHRessurapidez,segncriteriodelingenieroqumicoAntnio
Hilst, consultor de Dedini que invent la tcnica, la cual queda protegida en una patente
quehicimosreferenciaenelacpite4.1Patente.Latransformacinseproduceenapenas
diez minutos, en cuanto que los procesos clsicos de hidrlisis que recurren a cidos
concentradosodiluidosdemoranporlomenoscincohoras.Elbagazopermanecedentro
del reactor el tiempo necesario para que se produzca la disolucin de la lignina y la
hidrlisisdelacelulosallegandoaunrendimientodealrededordeun60%sobreelazcar
contenido en el bagazo lo cual garantizar una fermentacin y una destilacin
completamenteviablesdesdeelpuntodevistaeconmico.
Laglucosaestansolounadelassustanciasresultantesdelbeneficiado.Almargendesta,
seextraendelbagazootrossubproductos,comoelmetanol,elcidoactico,laligninayel
furfural,cuyousocomercialpodrelevaranmslarentabilidaddelproceso.
3.2.2. EstadosUnidos
Entre los artculos encontrados comentaremos el del

cientficoJayJ.ChengelcualesprofesordelaUniversidad
NCState,enCarolinadelNorte.Esteartculocontemplael
estudioenergticodelswitchgrass,untipodepastoque
habitualmenteestdestinadoalaalimentacindelganado
yquehoyesconsideradodemenorimpactoambientalque
laproduccindemaz.Chengmanifiestaqueparaexplotar
el switch grass no es necesario tener una tierra frtil;
porque crece en cualquier superficie. Un informe cientfico publicado por la revista
ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesmuestraqueelswitchgrassproduce
msdeenergaquelaqueserequiereparaprocesarloenlaobtencindeetanol.
Unadelasventajasdeestepastoesqueabsorbedeldixidodecarbonodelaatmsfera
durantesucrecimiento.Aunqueeldesarrollodeestafuenteestmenosavanzadaqueel
de los cereales, es una energa viable. Por eso, hay grupos de investigacin en el mundo
que alientan los estudios del switch grass y de los materiales lignocelulsicos: residuos
agrcolas, agroindustriales y forestales. Por otro lado, Cheng colabora con la Universidad
PontificiaCatlicadeEcuadorenunproyectodirigidoporelcientficoJavierCarvajal,jefe
del rea de levaduras del Laboratorio de Bioqumica dedicado a impulsar los estudios de
materialeslignocelulsicos.Suequipoestproduciendo,aescaladelaboratorio,etanol a
partir de papel reciclado. Decidieron utilizar papel, porque en la Universidad ya existe un
proyectollamadodeReciclajeproAmbientepararecogerelpapelyelcartngeneradoen
las oficinas. Seala que el rendimiento energtico de la produccin de etanol a partir de
maz,enEE.UU.es,enelmejordeloscasos,del25%.Esosignificaqueseobtienemenos
energadelainvertida.Encambio,coneletanollignocelulsico,elrendimientoesdel45%,
esdecir,seobtienemsenergadelaqueseinvierte.JavierCarvajaldicequeenelfuturo
no solo se buscar obtener etanol del papel, sino de desechos vegetales que hay en
abundancia: desechos de pltano, palmito y de caa de azcar. Incluso de los desechos
urbanosyaclasificados.Eletanoldemazcontabilizapequeasemisionesdegasesefecto
invernadero,loquenoocurreconelobtenidoapartirdeletanoldelacelulosa.
ElcientficoChengsealaqueelCongresoestadounidenseaprobunaleyparaquela
produccindeetanollignocelulsicolleguea1000millonesdegaloneshastael2020.Dice
quehayuninterscrecienteporestudiarloms.
Porotrolado,lacompaaespaolaAbengoaBioenergahalogradoproduciretanolapartir
debiomasaensuplantapilotosituadaenelestadodeNebraska(EstadosUnidos),donde
ha invertido ms de 35 millones de dlares. La planta se dedicar a la investigacin y
desarrollo de los procesos de produccin de biocombustible a partir de biomasa
lignocelulsica, la materia prima orgnica ms abundante en la tierra y forma parte del
acuerdofirmadoconelDOE(MinisteriodeEnerga estadounidense)en2003.Ubicadaen
las instalaciones de produccin de etanol de Abengoa Bioenerga en York (Nebraska), la
planta piloto de la empresa espaola investigar y probar una tecnologa patentada de
conversindebiomasaaetanolparasuusoanivelcomercial,noseofrecendetallessobre
latecnologareferida,aunquepornuestrainvestigacinAbegonopresentapatentessobre
eltema.Lasinnovacionestecnolgicasobtenidassepondrnenprcticaenlabiorrefinera
debiomasaqueAbengoaBioenergaestconstruyendoenKansasyqueserpioneraensu
gnero.
La planta piloto inaugurada por Abengoa Bioenerga en Estados Unidos es nica en su

gnero;servirdeplataformaparalapruebadenuevosequipos,sistemasycatalizadores
necesarios para descomponer varios compuestos orgnicos y procesarlos, como materias
herbceasyleosas,optimizandoenvariosprocesosdeobtencindeetanol.Sertambin
un ncleo de investigacin y de capacitacin para otros equipos dentro de Abengoa
Bioenerga mientras la empresa evala y prueba productos adicionales, equipos y otros
procesos en cuyo diseo se est trabajando actualmente para mejorar los procesos
orgnicosdebiomasa.
Adems,duranteeltranscursodelacto,JavierSalgadohaanunciadoquehafirmadoun
contratodecolaboracinconelDepartamentodeEnergadeEstadosUnidos(DOE)por
importede38millonesdedlaresparaeldiseoydesarrollodelaprimeraplantamundial
aescalacomercialdeproduccindeetanolapartirdebiomasaenHugoton,Kansas.
Estaplantadebiomasaprocesar700toneladasmtricasdebiomasaaldaparaproducir
anualmente44millonesdelitrosdeetanol,ademsdeotrasformasdeenergarenovable
enformadeelectricidadyvapor.Laplantadebiomasatendranexaunaplantadeetanol
convencionalapartirdecerealde88millonesdegalones(msde300millonesdelitros),
que permitir a ambas disfrutar de las sinergias de una capacidad combinada de 100
millonesdegalones(msde400millonesdelitros).Lainversinconjuntasuperarlos300
millones de dlares. Abengoa Bioenerga presente en Estados Unidos, Brasil y Europa,
invertir ms de 500 millones de dlares en los prximos cinco aos en su programa
tecnolgicodeproduccindeetanolapartirdebiomasalignocelulsica.
Conclusiones
o Se recuperaron 61 familias de patentes relacionadas con el tema.
o El 48% de las patentes recuperadas fueron generadas por los Estados
o
o
o
o
Unidos, abarcando muchos aspectos relacionados con la produccin

de etanol a partir de los residuos lignocelulsicos, entre ellos se
destacan tipos de hidrlisis, tipos de enzimas, tipos de pretratamientos, especies de microorganismo, y tipos de residuos
lignocelulsicos.
El Brasil es el mayor pas productor-exportador de etanol a partir de
caa de azcar y Estados Unidos el mayor productor - exportador de
etanol a partir del maz.
Hay una voluntad general de los gobiernos de estimular los proyectos y
las inversiones en plantas de procesamiento de materiales
lignocelulsicos para obtener etanol ya que el rendimiento energtico
de la produccin es del 45% comparado con el 25% a partir de maz,
es decir, se obtiene ms energa de la que se invierte.
Se contabiliza pequeas emisiones de gases efecto invernadero, lo que
no ocurre con el obtenido a partir del etanol de la celulosa.
Se recuperaron 2 patentes brasileas de alto impacto en la produccin
de etanol a gran escala. Las grandes empresas Petrobrs y DEDINI
son los titulares de las mismas.
A travs del mtodo de hidrlisis rpida, el procesamiento del material
lignocelulsico resulta factible para la produccin de bioetanol.
Se recuperaron 26 artculos cientficos encontrndose el 65% de ellos
publicados en los ltimos 10 aos.
o Las revistas Applied Biochemestry and Biotechnology y la Journal
of Food Engineering, fueron las que ms artculos han publicado

sobre este tema.
o El 30% de los artculos fueron generados por Universidades brasileas.
o La compaa espaola Abengoa Bioernga tiene una fuerte presencia en
Estados Unido y Brasil como inversoras en proyectos y Plantas de
produccin de etanol a partir de material lignocelulsico.
1Resumendepatentes.
Resumen de las patentes recuperadas sobre obtencin de alcohol a partir de

residuos lignocelulsicos
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
METHODFORTHE 20070802
TOLAN JEFFREY FOODY
BRIAN
E
1.
S;
FOODY IOGEN ENERGY CORP
US20090035826 PRODUCTION OF
ALCOHOLFROMA
PRETREATED
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
FEEDSTOCK
BRIAN;
ROWLAND
STEPHEN
ROWLAND STEPHEN
TOLANJEFFREYS
Resumen:
A process for the production of glucose from a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock is provided. The
method comprises enzymatically hydrolyzing the pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock with cellulase
enzymestoproduceahydrolyzateslurrycomprisingglucoseandunhydrolyzedcelluloseandfermenting
thehydrolyzateslurryinafermentationreactiontoproduceafermentationbrothcomprisingalcohol.A
processstreamisobtainedcomprisingunhydrolyzedcellulose,whichisthensubjectedtoadenaturing
step, preferably comprising exposing the unhydrolyzed cellulose to elevated temperatures, thereby
producing a heattreated stream comprising the unhydrolyzed cellulose. The heattreated stream
comprising unhydrolyzed cellulose is then further hydrolyzed with cellulase enzymes to hydrolyze the
cellulosetoglucose.
Process
for 20080808
DALE BRUCE E; UNIVMICHIGANSTATE
2.
enzymatically
TEYMOURI
US20090042259
convertingaplant
biomass
FARZANEH;
CHUNDAWAT
SHISHIR; BALAN
VENKATESH
Resumen:
Thepresentinventiondescribesaprocessforatleasta90%conversionofaplantbiomasspreferablyby
areductionoftheunitsofcellulaseneededandbyusingaxylanasewhichactssynergisticallywiththe
cellulasetoimprovetheyieldofxyloseandglucoseassugars.Theprocessenablesgreaterconversionof
a lignocellulosic plant biomass to glucose and xylose for use as animal feeds and as fermentation as
mediumforproducingethanol.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
AUTO
20070713
EDEBOLARS
EDEBOLARS
3.
WO200911645 IMMOBILIZED
CO
FERMENTATION
Resumen:
The present invention discloses a fermentation process wherein a filamentous microorganism and
yeast cells are cooperating by fermenting ethanol from lignocellulosic hydrolysates which contain
mixturesofbothsugarsandtoxicsubstances.Thefermentationprocesscomprisestwosteps,wherein
the first step the filamentous microorganism is aerobically cultivated in a medium and produces a
myceliumnetwork;andinthesecondstepthenonfilamentousmicroorganismsareimmobilizedwith
saidmyceliumnetworkandincubatedunderoxygenlimitedconditions.Theinventionalsodisclosesa
fermentoroptimizedforthefermentationprocessoftheinvention.
4.
WO200915614
METHOD AND 20070730

EQUIPMENT
FOR
PRODUCTION
OF GLUCOSE,
ETHANOL,
FURFURAL,
FURANE AND
LIGNIN FROM
RENEWABLE
RAW
MATERIALS
KRATOCHVIL
ZDENEK;
RYCHTAR
LIBOR; MACHEK
FRANTISEK;
BOUSKA
FRANTISEK
BOUSKA
FRANTISEK
KMPS FINANCIAL GROUP S R
O
KRATOCHVIL
ZDENEK
MACHEK
FRANTISEK
RYCHTARLIBOR
Resumen:
Method and equipment for production of fermentable saccharides, ethanol, furfural, furane, lignin,
aceticacidandformicacidfromlignocellulosicandamylaceousmaterials.Themethodcomprisesone
stage or twostage continuous thermocompressive hydrolysis of lignocellulosic particles, cellulase
treatment of unreacted lignocellulose, amylase treatment of formed monosaccharides combined with
added amylaceous materials, and fermentation of the combined processed monosaccharide solutions
into ethanol. Side products furfural, methanol, acetic acid, formic acid and lignin are recovered and
purified, optionally furfural is further converted to furan. An integrated process for recovery and
recyclingofallproductsandbyproducts,andrecyclingofheatenergyisdisclosed.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
5.US20080295980 CONTINUOUS
20070815
HALLBERG
BERLIN
ALEX
COUNTERCURRENT
CHRISTER;
GJENNESTAD
GORDON
ORGANOSOLV
O'CONNOR
HALLBERG
CHRISTER
PROCESSING
OF
DONALD;
LIGNOL INNOVATIONS LTD
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
RUSHTON
MACLACHLAN JOHN ROSS
FEEDSTOCKS
MICHAEL; PYE O'CONNOR
DONALD
EDWARD
PYE EDWARD KENDALL
KENDALL;
RUSHTONMICHAEL
GJENNESTAD
GORDON;
BERLIN ALEX;
MACLACHLAN
JOHNROSS
Resumen:
A modular process for organosolv fractionation of lignocellulosic feedstocks into component parts and
further processing of said component parts into at least fuelgrade ethanol and four classes of lignin
derivatives.Themodularprocesscomprisesafirstprocessingmoduleconfiguredforphysicochemically
digestinglignocellulosicfeedstockswithanorganicsolventtherebyproducingacellulosicsolidsfraction
andaliquidfraction,asecondprocessingmoduleconfiguredforproducingatleastafuelgradeethanol
andafirstclassofnovelligninderivativesfromthecellulosicsolidsfraction,athirdprocessingmodule
configuredforseparatingasecondclassandathirdclassofligninderivativesfromtheliquidfractionand
further processing the liquid fraction to produce a distillate and a stillage, a fourth processing module
configuredforseparatingafourthclassofligninderivativesfromthestillageandfurtherprocessingthe
stillagetoproduceasugarsyrup.
6.US20090011484 CONCURRENT
20070704
BERLIN ALEX; BERLIN
ALEX
SACCHARIFICATION
PYE EDWARD LIGNOL INNOVATIONS LTD
AND
KENDALL;
O'CONNOR
DONALD
FERMENTATION OF
FIBROUSBIOMASS
O'CONNOR
DONALD
PYEEDWARDKENDALL
Resumen:
Aprocessforsimultaneoussaccharificationandfermentationofacellulosicsolidsfractionextractedfrom
alignocellulosicfeedstock.Theviscosityofthecellulosicsolidsfractionisreducedbyintermixingwitha
liquid carbohydrate stream. A suitable liquid carbohydrate stream is a delignified liquids fraction that
was previously separated from the solids fraction during processing of the lignocellulosic feedstock.
Alternatively, the viscosity of the solids fraction may be reduced by commingling with a liquid
carbohydrate stream comprising one or more monosaccharides. The reducedviscosity cellulosic solids
fractionisthencommingledwithafermentativemicrobialinoculantandacellulosicbiomassdegrading
enzyme composition. The commingled mixture is maintained in a pressurized reaction vessel under
elevated temperatures to enable simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic solids to
monosaccharidesandfermentationofthemonosaccharidestoproduceanethanolicbeer.Theethanolic
beerisdistillableforrecoveryoffuelgradeethanolandastillagethatmaybefurtherprocessed.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
7.
Biomass
20080313
VARANASI
ANDERSON JARED DADI
US20080227162 pretreatment
SASIDHAR;
ANANTHARAM
PRASAD
SCHALL
KUMAR
GUNEETRIPATI
CONSTANCE
PRAVEEN
ANN;
DADI RAO
KRIPA
SCHALL
ANANTHARAM
CONSTANCE
ANN
PRASAD;
UNIV TOLEDO ARANASI
ANDERSON
SASIDHAR
JARED;
RAO
KRIPA
Resumen:
Amethodforlignocelluloseconversiontosugarwithimprovementsinyieldandrateofsugarproduction
has been developed by using ionic liquid pretreatment. This new pretreatment strategy substantially
improvestheefficiency(intermsofyieldandreactionrates)ofsaccharificationoflignocellulosicbiomass.
Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their sugars, can be converted into ethanol fuel
throughwellestablishedfermentationtechnologies.Thesesugarsalsoformthefeedstocksforproduction
ofvarietyofchemicalsandpolymers.Thecomplexstructureofbiomassrequiresproperpretreatmentto
enable efficient saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose components to their constituent sugars.
Current pretreatment approaches suffer from slow reaction rates of cellulose hydrolysis (by using the
enzymecellulase)andlowyields.
8.
METHODS
FOR 20070316
LEVIE BENJAMIN ANDERSON
US20080227161 PRODUCING
A
E; NEOGI AMAR DWIGHT
E
HYDROLYSATE AND
N;
DUFF DUFF SHELDON J B
ETHANOL FROM
SHELDON J B; ECKERT ROBERT C
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
MAYOVSKY
KRISHNA
MATERIALS
JEFFREY
E; CHUNDAKKADU
ANDERSON
LEVIE BENJAMIN E
DWIGHT
E; MAYOVSKY
ECKERT ROBERT JEFFREY
E
C;
KRISHNA NEOGI AMAR N
CHUNDAKKADU WEYERHAEUSER
CO
Resumen:
A method for producing a hydrolysate from lignocellulosic materials generally includes fiberizing the
lignocellulosicmaterials,separatingthelignocellulosicmaterialsintoatleastafirstportionandasecond
portion,whereinatleastthefirstportionincludeslignin,treatingthefirstportiontodeactivateatleasta
portionofthelignininthefirstportion,recombiningthefirstandsecondportionsaftertreatingthefirst
portion,andhydrolyzingthelignocellulosicmaterialswithenzymestoproduceahydrolysate.
NoPatente
9.
WO200895098
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
PROCESS
FOR CHUNG CHANGHO; CHUNG
CHUNG CHANGHO;
SUGAR
DAYDONALF
CHANGHO
DAYDONALF
PRODUCTION
DAY DONAL F
FROM
UNIV
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
LOUISIANA
BIOMASS USING
STATE
ALKALI
PRETREATMENT
Resumen:
Wehavediscoveredanewmethodtotreatbiomasswithalkali,forexamplelime.Thelimeandlignin
wassufficientlyremovedfromthetreatedbiomassb>squeezingwithahighpressuredevicetoremove
alkali and other potential inhibitors of the cellulase enzymes added for sacchapfication. The resulting
fibrousmaterialwasrapidlysolubihzedbycellulases,evenatsolidloadsrangingfrom10to30%(w/w)
withoutinhibitoryeffectsonthecellulaseactivity.Thelimepretreatmentremovedlignineffectivelyand
leftthecelluloseandhemicellulosealmostintact.Themethodyieldedabiomasswithstructurecapable
of being enzyme solubhzed and fermented readily at a solids loading of 1030% for a production of
ethanol.
10.
Cellulose
fuel 20080116
XIAODONG
XIAODONGBAI
CN101235392
ethanol
and
BAI; FENGJU
preparation
XU;
BAIYIN
methodthereof
LIU;
XIAOGANG
BAI
Resumen:
Theinventionrelatestoacellulosefuelalcoholandthemanufacturingmethod,whichbelongstothe
technicalfieldofprocessingandutilizinglignocellulosicwastessuchforestsecondaryproducts,forest
crotches,farmcropstrawsandthelike.Thekeypointoftheinventionisthatanintegralcouplingnew
method is optimized to lead fibrous raw material to process, ferment, distill and dewater to achieve
technicalinnovationandlowerproductioncost.Theapplicationofthecellulosefuelalcoholissuitable
forenginefuelofvehiclegasoline,andeachphysicalchemicalpropertiesandenvironmentprotection
index completely reach to the national standard. The cellulose fuel alcohol effectively lowers the
pollution of automobile exhaust which is carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon, which
savesrawmaterialsuchasfoodstuffandfecula,andreducespetroleumoilconsumption
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
11.
METHOD FOR 20061016
NOJIRIMASANOBU; FORESTRY
&
FOREST
JP2008092910
PRODUCING
IKEDA TSUTOMU; PRODUCTSRES
ETHANOL
SUGIMOTO
TOMOKO;MAGARA
KENGO
Resumen:
PROBLEMTOBESOLVED:Toprovideamethodforefficientlyproducingethanol,withslightburdenon
the environment, by reducing the cost of both saccharification and fermentation with lignocellulosic
biomassasfeedstock.
SOLUTION:Themethodforproducingethanolcomprisesthefollowingprocess:Lignocellulosicbiomass
isdelignifiedbyalkalidigestiontechnique,saccharifyingenzymeproductivebacteriaareculturedwith
the resultant biomass as a carbon source to produce an enzyme suitable to saccharifying the
lignocellulosic biomass, and a cultured liquid containing the resultant saccharifying enzyme and
ethanolfermentative bacteria are added to the alkalidigested lignocellulosic biomass to effect
fermentation.
12.
PROCESS FOR THE 20061130
SANTA
BENSON JOHN EVERETT
BR200605017
FERMENTATIVE
ANNA LIDIA GOMES ABSAI DA CONCEICAI
PRODUCTION
OF
MARIA
PEREIRA
NEI
ETHANOL FROM SOLID
MELO;
PETROLEO BRASILEIRO SA
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
PEREIRA
SANTA ANNA LIDIA MARIA
MATERIALCOMPRISING
NEI;
MELO
A STEP OF TREATING A
GOMES
VASQUESMARIANAPENUELA
SOLID
ABSAI DA
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
CONCEICAI;
MATERIAL
WITH
VASQUES
ALKALINE SOLUTION IN
MARIANA
ORDER TO REMOVE
PENUELA
THELIGNIN
Resumen:
The present invention relates to a process for obtaining fuel ethanol by using agricultural and
agroindustrial waste materials composed of lignocellulose, and especially sugar cane bagasse. These
residues have significant contents of carbohydrates in the form of polysaccharides (cellulose and
hemicellulose),whichcanbehydrolysedbychemicalandenzymicprocesses.Thehemicellulosefraction
is submitted to mild hydrolysis with sulphuric acid, and the solid material from this hydrolysis is
submitted to a process of saccharif ication (enzymic hydrolysis) with simultaneous rapid alcoholic
fermentation under conditions which allow a significant increase in conversion to alcohol in a greatly
shortenedtime.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
Publicacin
BED 20060803
de Inventor
Solicitante
13.
MOVING
WINGERSON
KADAM
KIRAN
L
US20080029233 BIOMASS
RICHARD C; PUREVISION
FRACTIONATION
KADAM KIRAN TECHNOLOGY
INC
SYSTEM
AND
L
WINGERSONRICHARDC
METHOD
Resumen:
Countercurrent extraction of lignocellulosic biomass such as trees, grasses, shrubs, and agricultural
residues or waste involves the separation of cellulose fibers from other constituents, for subsequent
use in the manufacture of paper, plastics, ethanol, and other industrial chemicals. Systems and
methodsinvolvecontinuous,multipleprocessingstepsthatmayincludechemicalreactionswithmixing
atelevatedtemperatureand/orpressure,efficientreagentorsolventutilization,filtrationatelevated
temperature and/or pressure, controlled discharge of liquid and solid products, and energy
recuperation.
14.
Integrated
20060905
NGUYEN
NGUYENXUANNGHINH
US20080057555 process
for
XUANNGHINH
separation
of
lignocellulosic
components to
fermentable
sugars
for
production of
ethanol
and
chemicals
Resumen:
A continuous and modular process converts lignocellulosic materials for the production of ethanol
principally and/or chemicals such as methanol, butanediol, propanediol, hydrocarbon fuel, etc.
Renewable lignocellulosic biomass such as but not all inclusive hardwoods (gum, beech, oak, sweet
gum, poplar, eucalyptus, etc.), soft woods (pines, firs, spruce, etc.), corn stovers, straws, grasses,
recycledpapers,wasteproductsfrompulpandpapermills,etccanbeusedasfeedstock.Theprocessis
designed to be modular and the feed entry point can be selected to adapt to different biomass
feedstock.Lignocellulosicbiomasssuchashardwoodandsoftwoodaresubjectedtochemical/pressure
treatmentstagesusingpotentandselectivechemicalssuchassodiumchlorite/aceticacid(anhydrous)
and chlorine/chlorine dioxide to separate the main componentslignin, cellulose (glucose) and
hemicelluloses(xylose,arabinose,galactose)intothreeprocessstreams.Theseparatedcarbohydrates
are further subjected to washing, cleaning, neutralization, and/or mild hydrolysis and subsequently
fermentedtoproduceethanol.Residualligninandextractivesremainedwiththecelluloseareremoved
by chemical treatment steps to enhance the fermentations of cellulose. Prehydrolysate after
neutralizationtoneutralizeandremovetoxiccomponentssuchasaceticacid,furfural,phenolics,etc.
containing (xylose, arabinose, galactose) and hexoses (glucose) can be either separately or together
with the purified cellulosic fraction fermented to produce ethanol. Approximately 100 gallons of
ethanol,suitabletobeusedasafuel,canbeproducedfromonedriedtonofwood.Significantamount
of lignin are separated as a byproduct and can be converted to hydrocarbon fuel, surfactant, drilling
aid,orcanbeincineratedforgenerationofpowerandsteam.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
15.
THERMOANAEROBACTER 20060522
MIKKELSEN AHRING BIRGITTE KIAER
WO2007134607 MATHRANIISTRAINBGl
MARIE
BIOGASOL
IPR
APS
JUST;
MIKKELSENMARIEJUST
AHRING
BIRGITTE
KIAER
Resumen:
StrictanaerobicthermophilicbacteriumbelongingtothegroupofThermoanaerobactermathraniiand
mutants and derivatives thereof. The bacterium is particularly suitable for the production of
fermentation products such as ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid and hydrogen from lignocellulosic
biomass.
16.
US20070275447
Indirect
or
direct 20060525
fermentation of biomass
tofuelalcohol
LEWIS RANDY
S;
TANNER
RALPH
S;
HUHNKE
RAYMONDL
HUHNKE
RAYMOND
L
LEWIS
RANDY S
TANNER
RALPH
S
UNIV
OKLAHOMA
STATE
Resumen:
Anovelclostridiabacterialspecies(Clostridiumcarboxidivorans,ATCCBAA624,"P7")isprovided.P7is
capable of synthesizing, from waste gases, products which are useful as biofuel. In particular, P7 can
convertCOtoethanol.Thus,thisnovelbacteriumcantransformwastegases(e.g.syngasandrefinery
wastes)intousefulproducts.P7alsocatalyzestheproductionofacetateandbutanol.Further,P7isalso
capableofdirectlyfermentinglignocellulosicmaterialstoproduceethanolandothersubstances.
17.
Process
for
the 20060501
DALEBRUCE
UNIV
US20080008783
treatment
of
MICHIGAN
lignocellulosicbiomass
STATE
Resumen:
A process for the treatment of biomass to render structural carbohydrates more accessible and/or
digestible using concentrated ammonium hydroxide with or without anhydrous ammonia addition, is
described. The process preferably uses steam to strip ammonia from the biomass for recycling. The
process yields of monosaccharides from the structural carbohydrates are good, particularly as
measuredbytheenzymatichydrolysisofthestructuralcarbohydrates.Themonosaccharidesareused
asanimalfeedsandenergysourcesforethanolproduction.
NoPatente
18.
WO200795215
Ttulo
PRODUCTION
OF GASOLINE
FROM
FERMENTABLE
FEEDSTOCKS
Fecha
Publicacin
20060214
de Inventor
BRADINDAVID
Solicitante
BRADIN DAVID CPS
BIOFUELSINC
Resumen:
Compositions and methods for forming hexane, and, optionally, gasoline and/or components of a
gasolinecomposition,fromfermentablesugarsaredisclosed.Thesugarsarefermentedusingabacteria
or yeast that predominantly forms butyric acid. The butyric acid is subjected to Kolbe or photoKolbe
electrolysis to form hexane. The hexane can be subjected to catalytic reforming and/or isomerization
steps to form higher octane products, which are or can be included in gasoline compositions. In one
aspect, the fermentable sugars are derived from lignocellulosic materials such as wood products,
switchgrass, or agricultural wastes. These materials are delignified to form lignin, cellulose and
hemicellulose.Thecelluloseandhemicellulosearedepolymerizedtoformglycoseandxylose,eitheror
bothofwhichcanbefermentedbythebacteria.Thelignincanbeusedtogenerateheatenergyand/or
electricenergyforuseinoneormoreprocesssteps,suchasthefermentation,productisolation,Kolbe
electrolysis,catalyticreformingand/orisomerizationsteps.Alternatively,thelignincanbeconvertedto
synthesis gas, which can then be subjected to FischerTropsch synthesis, or converted to methanol
and/orethanol.Thus,themethodsdescribedhereincanconvertbiomasstoafuelcompositionorfuel
additive,whichcanbeusedinaconventionalgasolineengine,unliketraditionalfuelssuchasethanolor
biodiesel.
19.
US20070227063
Process
for 20060330
conversion of
mushroom
lignocellulosic
waste to useful
byproducts

BALAN
VENKATESH;
CHUNDAWAT
SHISHIRP
Resumen:
A process for the conversion of monocot lignocellulosic grass waste from mushroom growth into
byproductsisdescribed.Inparticular,thepresentinventionreleasesglucansfromthewastewhichcan
be easily hydrolyzed, after a less severe thermochemical process (i.e. AFEX), and into sugars for
producingethanolorotherbyproductsbyfermentation.
NoPatente
20.
EP2013368
Ttulo
Fecha
Publicacin
TREATMENT OF
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
BIOMASS
de Inventor
DALE
BRUCE E;
LYND LEE
R; LASER
MARK
Solicitante
DALE BRUCE E ARTMOUTH
COLLEGE
LASER MARK YND LEE RUNIV
MICHIGANSTATE
Resumen:
processyieldsofmonosaccharidesfromthestructuralcarbohydratesaregood,particularlyasmeasured
bytheenzymatichydrolysisofthestructuralcarbohydrates.Themonosaccharidesareusedasanimal
feedsandenergysourcesforethanolproduction.
21.
THERMOPHILIC
20051031
DESAI SUNIL BARDSLEY
JOHN
EP2021487
ORGANISMS FOR
G;
SHAW ARTMOUTH COLLEGE
CONVERSION OF
ARTHUR
DESAISUNILGOGSETT
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
JOSEPHUS IV; DAVID
ANTHONY
BIOMASS
TO
LYND LEE R; LYNDLEE RMASCOMA
ETHANOL
TYURIN
CORP
MIKHAILV
PODKAMINE
KARAHAW
ARTHUR
JOSEPHUS
SHAW
ARTHUR
JOSEPHUS
IVRIN
MIKHAILV
Resumen:
Mutant thermophilic organisms that consume a variety of biomass derived substrates are disclosed
herein. Strains of Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum with acetate kinase and
phosphotransacetylase expression eliminated are disclosed herein. Further, strain ALKl has been
engineered by site directed homologous recombination to knockout both acetic acid and lactic acid
production.ContinuouscultureinvolvingasubstrateconcentrationchallengeleadtoevolutionofALKl,
and formation of a more robust strain designated ALK2. Both organisms produce near theoretical
ethanolyieldswithoutexpressingpyruvatedecarboxylase
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
22.
Method for producing 20051212
AGBLEVOR
AGBLEVOR
US20070134781 bioethanol from a
FOSTERA
FOSTER
A
AGBLEVOR
and recycled paper
FOSTERARYL
sludge
Resumen:
Amethodproducingethanolbycombininganplantfibermaterialcontainingcalciumcarbonatewithat
least one lignocellulosic agricultural residue into a mixture. The plant fiber material can be a paper
sludge.Themixtureisthenhydrolyzedandtheresultanthydrolysateisthenfermentedintoethanol.
23.
PROCESS
FOR 20060207
OLSON EDWIN ENERGY
&
WO200792898 CONVERTING
S;
FREEL ENVIRONMENTAL
ANHYDROSUGARS TO
BARRY
RES
CT
GLUCOSE AND OTHER
FREEL
BARRY
FERMENTABLESUGARS
LSONEDWINS
Resumen:
A process is provided for producing glucose and other fermentable sugars from a liquid mixture
containing anhydrosugars. One example of a process encompasses: 1) water extraction of a
anhydrosugarrich fastpyrolysis biooil fraction that constitutes a residual after removal of volatile
impurities, 2) further purification of said anhydrosugarrich fraction, and 3) solidphase catalytic
hydrolysis of the anhydrosugars to yield glucose and other fermentable sugars. An exemplary
applicationoftheprocessisintheproductionofethanolandothersugarbasedfermentationproducts
frombiooilgeneratedviafastpyrolysisoflowcost,highavailabilitylignocellulosicbiomassresources.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
24.
Method
of 20010228
GRIFFIN
IOGENENERGYCORP
EP1767658
processing
ROBERT;
lignocellulosic
NICHOLSON
feedstock for
COLIN; MOTT
enhanced
CORINNE;
xylose
and
TOLAN
ethanol
JEFFREY
S;
production
ANANDVIJAY
Resumen:
The present invention provides a method of producing xylose from lignocellulosic feedstock. The
method comprises disrupting lignocellulosic feedstock; leaching the lignocellulosic feedstock by
contactingthefeedstockwithatleastoneaqueoussolutionforaperiodgreaterthanabout2minutes
to produce a leached feedstock and a leachate; removing the leachate from the leached feedstock;
acidifying the leached feedstock to a pH between about 0.5 and about 3 to produce an acidified
feedstock, and; reacting the acidified feedstock under conditions which disrupt fiber structure and
hydrolyzeaportionofhemicelluloseandcelluloseoftheacidifiedfeedstock,toproduceacomposition
comprisingxyloseandapretreatedfeedstock.Thexylosemaybepurifiedfromthepretreatedfeedstock
oritmaybeconvertedtoethanolwiththepretreatedfeedstock
25.
FR2881753
Production of 20050209
cellulase
enzymes using
the residues
fromethanolic
fermentation
distillation of
enzymatic
hydrolysates
from (ligno
)cellulosic
materials
WARZYWODA
MICHEL;
BALLERINI
DANIEL;
MONOT
FREDERIC
BALLERINI
DANIEL
INST
FRANCAIS
DU
PETROLE
InstitutFrancaisduPetrole
MONOT
FREDERIC
WARZYWODAMICHEL
Resumen:
Producingcellulolyticand/orhemicellulolyticenzymesbyacellulolyticmicroorganismcomprisesusing
the residue from the ethanolic fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates of cellulosic or lignocellulosic
materials.Anindependentclaimisalsoincludedforaprocessforproducingethanolfromcellulosicor
lignocellulosicmaterials
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
Publicacin
26.
Procedure for 20000224
US20050069998 the production
of
ethanol
from
lignocellulosic
biomass using
a new heat
tolerantyeast
de Inventor
Solicitante
BALLESTEROS CTINVESTIGENERGETICAS
PERDICES
CIEMAT
IGNACIO;
BALLESTEROS
PERDICES
MERCEDES;
OLIVA
DOMINGUEZ
JOSE MIGUEL;
CARRASCO
GARCIAJUAN
Resumen:
It includes the stages of grinding the lignocellulosic biomass to a size of 1530 mm, subjecting the
productobtainedtosteamexplosionpretreatmentatatemperatureof190230deg.C.forbetween1
and10minutesinareactor(2),collectingthepretreatedmaterialinacyclone(3)andseparatingthe
liquidandsolidfractionsbyfiltrationinafilterpress(9),introducingthesolidfractioninafermentation
deposit(10),addingacellulaseataconcentrationof15UFPpergramofcelluloseand12.6International
Units of betaglucosidase enzyme dissolved in citrate buffer pH 4.8, inoculating the fermentation
deposit (10) with a culture of the heattolerant bacteria Kluyveromyces marxianus CECT 10875,
obtained by chemical mutagenesis from strain DER26 of Kluyveromyces marxianus and shaking the
mixturefor72hoursat42deg.C.
27.
PRODUCTION 20050331
ENQVIST ERIC; ENQVIST ERIC HEINRICH
FI200505143
OF
PULP
TIKKA PANU; LEOPOLD
LUHTANEN
USING
A
HEINRICH
MATTIMETSO PAPER INC
GASEOUS
LEOPOLD;
TIKKAPANU
ORGANIC
LUHTANEN
AGENT
AS
MATTI
HEATING AND
REACTION
ACCELERATING
MEDIA
Resumen:
The invention relates to an improved process to break down lignin macromolecules and liberating
cellulosefibersinlignocellulosicmaterialusingdelignifyingreactantswithagaseousorganicagentasa
heating and reactionaccelerating media. Lignocellulosic material is first impregnated with reactant
chemicals,e.g.commonlyusedagentssuchassodiumhydroxideandsodiumsulfide.Subsequently,the
energy required for the delignification reactions is provided through heating with a gaseous organic
agent such as methanol or ethanol, condensing and releasing energy to the solid lignocellulosic
material. The temperature during the heating step with a gaseous organic agent is higher than the
temperatureduringtheimpregnationstep.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
Kluyveromyces
20030124
LEVINE
ENOGEN
INC
28.
strains
ROBERTP
PHAGE
US7344876
metabolizing
BIOTECHNOLOGY
cellulosic
and
PHAGE
hemicellulosic
BIOTECHNOLOGYINC
materials
Resumen:
Thisinventionrelatestotheuseofmicroorganismsforthegenerationofethanolfromlignocellulosic
waste materials. Yeast strains of the genus Kluyveromyces which have the capability to ferment
cellulose, hexose sugars to ethanol are provided. Also provided are methods for converting cellulose,
hexoses,ormixedhydrolysatesofhexosestoethanolbyfermentationwithKluyveromycesstrains.The
invention also provides methods to isolate yeast strains which metabolize cellulose, pentoses, or
hemicellulosesfromwastematerials.
29.
METHOD
OF 20010228
GRIFFIN
ANAND VIJAY GRIFFIN
US20040231661 PROCESSING
ROBERT;
ROBERT OGEN BIO
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
NICHOLSON
PRODUCTS
CORP
FEEDSTOCK FOR
COLIN; MOTT IOGEN ENERGY CORP
ENHANCED
CORINNE;
MOTT
XYLOSE
AND
TOLAN
CORINNENICHOLSON
ETHANOL
JEFFREY
S; COLIN TOLAN JEFFREY
PRODUCTION
ANANDVIJAY S
Resumen:
comprising xylose and a pretreated feedstock. The xylose may be purified from the pretreated
feedstockoritmaybeconvertedtoethanolwiththepretreatedfeedstock.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
30.
US7189306
Process
of 20020222
treating
lignocellulosic
material
to
produce bio
ethanol
GERVAIS
GIBSONW
GERVAIS
GIBSON
GERVAISGILLES
Resumen:
This invention relates to a process of treating a lignocellulosic material to produce bioethanol. The
processincludesthestepsof:(a)exposingthelignocellulosicmaterialtoconditionsincludingapHnot
less than about 8, and steam at a first pressure, to produce a step (a) product; (b) explosively
dischargingthestep(a)producttoasecondpressurelessthanthefirstpressuretoproduceastep(b)
product;and(c)furtherprocessingthestep(b)producttoproducebioethanolandothercoproducts.
Inanotherembodiment,theinventionrelatestoaconicalaugerfractionationcolumn.Thefractionation
columnincludesacolumnbodyhavinganinputandanoutput.Aconicalfilterispositionedinsidethe
columnbody,thefilterhavingalargerdiameterenddirectedtowardtheinputandasmallerdiameter
enddirectedtowardtheoutput.Aconicalaugerispositionedinsidetheconicalfilter,theconicalauger
havinganouterdiameterwhichisapproximatelythesameasaninnerdiameteroftheconicalfilter.The
augerandfilterareadaptedtocooperatetoseparatecellulosicsolidsfromaliquidstreaminaprocess
ofproducingbioethanolfromalignocellulosicmaterial.
31.
Ligninblocking 20030319
YANG
BIN; DARTMOUTH
COLLEGE
US20040185542 treatment of
WYMAN
WYMAN CHARLES E YANG
biomass and
CHARLESE
BIN
usesthereof
Resumen:
Disclosedisamethodforconvertingcelluloseinalignocellulosicbiomass.Themethodprovidesfora
ligninblocking polypeptide and/or protein treatment of high lignin solids. The treatment enhances
cellulase availability in cellulose conversion. Cellulase efficiencies are improved by the protein or
polypeptide treatment. The treatment may be used in combination with steam explosion and acid
prehydrolysis techniques. Hydrolysis yields from lignin containing biomass are enhanced 520%, and
enzyme utilization is increased from 10% to 50%. Thus, a more efficient and economical method of
processing lignin containing biomass materials utilizes a polypeptide/protein treatment step that
effectivelyblocksligninbindingofcellulase.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
32.
ETHANOL
20040519
NILSSON
FORSKARPATENT I
SE200401303
PRODUCTIVITIES OF
ANNELI; LIDEN SYD
AB
SACCHAROMYCES
GUNNAR;
GORWA
CEREVISIAE STRAINS
GORWA
GRAUSLUND
INFERMENTATIONOF
GRAUSLUND
MARIEFRANCOIS
DILUTEACID
MARIE
HAHNHAEGERDAL
HYDROLYZATES
FRANCOIS;
BAERBEL
DEPEND ON THEIR
HAHN
LIDEN
GUNNAR
FURAN REDUCTION
HAEGERDAL
MODIG CARL T
CAPACITIES
BAERBEL;
MOREIRA
DE
MODIG CARL ALMEIDA JOAO R
TOBIAS;
NILSSONANNELI
MOREIRA DE
ALMEIDA
JOAORICARD
Resumen:
The present invention relates to an ethanol producing microbial strain, such as Saccharomyces
cerevisiaestrain,beingabletogrowandproduceethanolfromlignocellulosichydrolysatescomprising
growthinhibitingcompoundsofthegroupfurfuraland5hydroxymethylfurfural,inabatch,fedbatch
orcontinuousfermentation,saidmicrobialstrainbeingtoleranttosuch inhibitingcompounds,which
strainisupregulatedand/oroverexpressedwithregardtooneormoreofthefollowinggenes:LAT1,
ALD6,ADH5,ADH6,GDH3,OYE3,SER3,GND2,MDH2,IDP3,ADH7,AAD15,ERG27,HMG1,LYS5,SPS19,
SGE1.
33.
PROCESS
FOR 20040604
PENTTILAE
PENTTILA MERJA
FI200400775
PRODUCING
MERJA; SIIKA SIIKAAHO MATTI
ETHANOL
AHO MATTI; UUSITALO JAANA
UUSITALO
VALTION
JAANA;
TEKNILLINEN
VIIKARILIISA
VIIKARILIISA
Resumen:
Aprocessforproducingethanolfromafibrouslignocellulosicrawmaterial.Afterpretreatmentofthe
rawmaterial,thefibrousfractionisfirsthydrolysedathighconsistencyandthenthemodifiedmaterial
issubjectedsimultaneouslytocontinuedhydrolysiswithacellulaseandtoethanolfermentationina
fermentation mixture. Fermentation is continued to convert an essential portion of the available
cellulose into ethanol, then a liquid fraction containing solubilized hemicelluloses is added to the
fermentationmixtureandfermentationcontinued.Bymeansoftheinvention,highfermentationrates,
highethanolconcentrationsandlowethanolproductioncostscanbeattained.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
34.
METHOD
FOR 20000925
FOODY BRIAN; DONALDSON
JENNIFER,
US7419809
GLUCOSE
WHITE THERESA FOODY BRIAN, IOGEN BIO
PRODUCTIONWITH
C;
TOLAN PRODUCTS CORP, IOGEN
A
CELLULASE
JEFFREY
S; ENERGY CORP, TOLAN
MIXTURE
DONALDSON
JEFFREYS,WHITETHERESA
COMPRISING
A
JENNIFER
C
MODIFIED
CELLULASE
Resumen:
Thepresentinventionpertainstoamethodofconvertingcellulosetoglucosebytreatingapretreated
lignocellulosic substrate with an enzyme mixture comprising cellulase enzyme and a modified CBHO,
wherein the modified CBHI is present in the enzyme mixture at an amount relative to all CBHItype
enzymes from about 15% to about 100% (w/w),depending upon the modified CBHI used. The
pretreated lignocellulosic substrate is selected from the group consisting of agricultural residues,
residuesafterstarchorsugarremovaldedicatedethanolcropsforestryproducts,andpulpandpaper
products,orcombinationsthereof
35.
DILUTE
20000809
NGUYEN
KELLER FRED A
US6660506
ACID/METAL SALT
QUANG
A; MIDWEST RESEARCH
HYDROLYSIS
OF
TUCKER
INST
LIGNOCELLULOSICS
MELVINP
NGUYEN QUANG A
TUCKERMELVINP
Resumen:
Amodifieddiluteacidmethodofhydrolyzingthecelluloseandhemicelluloseinlignocellulosicmaterial
underconditionstoobtainhigheroverallfermentablesugaryieldsthanisobtainableusingdiluteacid
alone, comprising:impregnating a lignocellulosic feedstock with a mixture of an amount of aqueous
solution of a dilute acid catalyst and a metal salt catalyst sufficient to provide higher overall
fermentable sugar yields than is obtainable when hydrolyzing with dilute acid alone;loading the
impregnated lignocellulosic feedstock into a reactor and heating for a sufficient period of time to
hydrolyzesubstantiallyallofthehemicelluloseandgreaterthan45%ofthecellulosetowatersoluble
sugars;andrecoveringthewatersolublesugars.
NoPatente
36.
US6419788
Ttulo
CELLULOSE
PRODUCTION
FROM
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
BIOMASS
Fecha
Publicacin
20000816
de Inventor
WINGERSON
RICHARDC
Solicitante
PUREVISION
TECHNOLOGY
PUREVISION
TECNOLOGYINC
INC
Resumen:
Amultifunctionprocessisdescribedfortheseparationofcellulosefibersfromtheotherconstituents
of lignocellulosic biomass such as found in trees, grasses, agricultural waste, and waste paper with
applicationinthepreparationoffeedstocksforuseinthemanufactureofpaper,plastics,ethanol,and
otherchemicals.Thisprocessminimizeswastedisposalproblemssinceitusesonlysteam,water,and
oxygenatelevatedtemperatureintherangeof180deg.C.to240deg.C.for1to10minutesplusasmall
amountofchemicalreagentstomaintainpHintherange8to13.Anenergyrecuperationfunctionis
importanttotheeconomicviabilityoftheprocess.
37.
Ethanol
19970619
INGRAM
UNIVFLORIDA
US6130076
productionusinga
LONNIE
O;
soy hydrolysate
YORKSEANW
based medium or
a
yeast
autolysatebased
medium
Resumen:
This invention presents a method for the production of ethanol that utilizes a soy hydrolysatebased
nutrient medium or a yeast autolysatebased medium nutrient medium in conjunction with
ethanologenic bacteria and a fermentable sugar for the costeffective production of ethanol from
lignocellulosicbiomass.Theinventionoffersseveraladvantagesoverpresentlyavailablemediaforuse
inethanolproduction,includingconsistentquality,lackoftoxinsandwideavailability.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
Pentose
19991117
KELLER FRED MIDWESTRESEARCHINST
38.
fermentation
A; NGUYEN
US6498029
of
normally
QUANGA
toxic
lignocellulose
prehydrolysate
with strain of
Pichia stipitis
yeastusingair
Resumen:
Strains of the yeast Pichia stipitis NPw9 (ATCC PTA3717) useful for the production of ethanol using
oxygenforgrowthwhilefermentingnormallytoxiclignocellulosicprehydrolysates.
39.
CH645685
Process
19780831
allowing the
delignification
and
the
transformation
into sugar of
lignocellulose
vegetal
material
by
using organic
solvents
PASZNER
CHANGP
L; PASZNER LASZLO CHANG

PEI
CHING
THERMOFORMAG
Resumen:
Minced lignocellulose, such as wood, straw, bamboos, bagasse or any other structured vegetal
material, is treated in a discontinuous or continuous process. The process consists in boiling this
material in an acidified mixture of solvents in an aqueous phase. This mixture of solvents contains
waterinaproportionof30to70partsandanorganicsolventinaproportionof70to30parts.The
organicsolventconsistsofeitheranalcoholoflightmolecularweight,oraketoneoflight molecular
weight;itmustbeeasilyevaporableandsolubleinwater.ThepHofthemediumisadjustedtoapH
from 3.5 to 1.7 by adding a catalytic compound selected within the group of the strong acids:
hydrochloric,nitricandphosphoric;withinthegroupofthesestrongacidsneutralizedbytheirneutral
salts; within the group of the following organic acids: oxalic, maleic, ophthalic, lmalic, succinic,
nicotinic,salicylicandtrifluoracetic.Theboilingtemperaturesrangebetween160and210'C,preferably
between180and200'C.Afterthree minutesattheminimum,weobtaintheseparationofthelignin
and the hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses dissolved; after that, the fibres are easily dispersible while
forming a pulp. By proceeding to a mechanical refining at a high pressure, a high density
thermomechanicalpulpisobtainedafterashorterboilingtime.Withtheneutralizedacids,aswellas
with the organic acids, particularly with the oxalic acid, we can obtain a fibre with a high degree of
polymerization. The lignin is obtained as a precipitate which separates from the liquid; the liquid
solvent,usuallyethanoloracetone,isevaporated;thenthedrainedligninisredissolvedintheminimal
quantityofacetone;anewprecipitationwithanexcessofwaterallowstoobtaintheligninintheform
of a slightly coloured powder. A prolonged boiling dehydrates and disaggregates the sugars; by the
strong acids action, takes place the formation of light molecular weight or microcristalline cellulose,
glucoseororganicacids,methanolandfurfuraliccompounds.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
Organosolv
19770831
PASZNER
BAU
UND
40.
delignification and
LASZLO;
FORSHUNGSGEZELSHAFT
TE
CA1100266
saccharification
CHANG PEI CHANG P CHANG PEI CHING
process
for
CHING
PASZNER L PASZNER LASZLO
lignocellulosic
THERMOFORMBAUFORSCHUNG
plantmaterials
Resumen:
Cellulosecontaining material is rapidly saccharified to convert pentosans and hexosans to sugars by
cookingunderpressureatfrom180DEGC.to220DEGC.withacetonewatersolventmixturecarrying
from 0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of phosphoric, sulfuric or hydrochloric acids. A predominantly
cellulosicmaterial,e.g.adelignifiedpulp,ishydrolysedtoyieldrelativelypureglucoserecoverablefrom
liquor which is flowed through the cellulose, then withdrawn and cooled and neutralized within an
elapsedtimeofaminuteorless.Wholewoodisnearlytotallydissolvablebytheprocess,yieldingmixed
pentosesandhexoses.Thedehydrationanddegradationproductsofsugarsareformedbyprolonging
retentiontimeofliquorfrom20to45minutes.
41.
A METHOD FOR 20000217
AHRING
AHRING
BIRGITTE
KIAER
DK1259466T
PROCESSING
BIRGITTE
BIOGASOL
IPR
APS
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
KIAER;
FORSKNINGSCT
RISO
MATERIAL
THOMSEN
FORSKNINGSCT
RISOE
ANNE
THOMSEN
ANNE
BELINDA
BELINDA
UNIVDENMARKTECHDTU
Resumen:
A method wherein lignocellulosic biomass materials are converted into combustible fuel products. In
particular, the method is a continuous process, involving wet oxidation or steam explosion, for
fermentativelyconvertingsuchbiomassmaterialsintoethanolusingaprocessdesignthatpermitsallor
part of the process water from the ethanol fermentation process to be recycled to reduce the
consumptionofprocesswater.Theeffluentfromtheethanolfermentationstepmaybesubjectedtoan
anaerobic fermentation step generating methane and a water effluent in which the amount of
potentially inhibitory substances is at a subinhibitory level, which in turn permits all or part of the
effluentwaterfromtheanaerobicfermentationsteptoberecycledintotheprocess.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
42.
Pulping
of 19781127
CHANG PEI CHANG PEI CHING
US4594130
lignocellulose
CHING;
PASZNERLASZLO
with
aqueous
PASZNER
alcohol
and
LASZLO
alkaline
earth
metal
salt
catalyst
Resumen:
Highyieldpulpingisachievedbycookingalignocellulosicmaterialinaconfinedchamberintheabsence
ofaddedoxygenatelevatedtemperaturesupto240DEGC.withaninitiallyneutraloracidicmixtureof
alcoholandwaterinvolumeratiobetween50:50andvirtuallyanhydrousalcoholcookingliquor,usinga
lower aliphatic alcohol namely methanol, ethanol or npropanol, carrying in solution at least about
0.002 moles per liter of a magnesium, calcium or barium salt as a primary catalyst soluble in at least
catalyticamountsinthemixturetoformbarium,calciumandmagnesiumions.Thecookingtimemay
rangefromatleasttwo(2)minutestounderthree(3)hours.Theprocessyieldsbright,freefiberpulp
even at residual lignin of 80 Kappa number as high as 80% of softwood and up to 75% of hardwood
weight,ofviscosity(TAPPI0.5%CuEn)above18upto60centipoise.Additionoftraceamountsofan
acidiccompoundasasecondarycatalystincreasestherateofdelignification.Elevatedpressuresonthe
cookingsolventmixturealsoincreasestherateofdelignification.
43.
UTILIZATION OF 19790323
DEIBUITSUDO UNIVCALIFORNIA
CA1175820
CELLULOSE AND
ERU BURINKU;
LIGNOCELLULOSE
RARII
ERU
SHIYAREJIYAA
Resumen:
Methodofconvertinglignocellulosicmaterialtousefulproductssuchasethanol,methanol,methane,
organicacidsandfurfural,alsoproducingbestforuseintheprocessandiffeasibleoradvantageousfor
use outside the system; such method comprising a two stage hydrolysis with a sensitization step
between, followed by wet oxidation whereby the production of monosaccharides is maximized and
their degradation is minimized; the products of hydrolysis (monosaccharides) and of wet oxidation of
ligneousmaterialleftasresiduefromhydrolysisareconverted.asbyfermentationofmonosaccharides,
methanantion and processes of separation into useful end products such as ethanol, methane,
methanol, organic acids and furfural; such method and system minimizing degradation to carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide and water and minimizing or eliminating the production of solid waste
material.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
44.
Fermentable
19790702
FABER
AMERICANCANCO
US4342831
acid
MARCEL
D;
hydrolyzates
ERNST
and
RICHARD H;
fermentation
LEFEBVRE
process
PHILIP
Resumen:
Methodofpreconditioningacidhydrolyzatesderivedfromlignocellulosicmaterialssuchassawdustor
newspaperandpreconditionedacidhydrolyzatesareprovided.Thepreconditioningnegatestheeffect
of substances which tend to inhibit fermentation and comprises a series of steps including steam
stripping,calciumoxidetreatmentatapHof10to10.5,adjustingthepHtoabout6to7withamineral
acid and especially phosphoric acid and concentrating the hydrolyzate solution to a glucose
concentrationoflessthan150gramsperliter.Glucosecontainedinsuchpreconditionedhydrolyzatesis
readilyfermentabletoethylalcohol,intheoreticalyield,afterfermentationforasshortaperiodas1to
2hours.
45.
Method for 19830509
VAN DIJKEN ALFA
LAVAL
AB
SE8302654
producing
JOHANNES;
ALFALAVAL
AB
ethanol from
SCHEFFERS
DIJKEN JOHANNES VAN
xylose
ALEXANDER
SCHEFFERSALEXANDER
containing
substance
Resumen:
A method for fermenting xylosecontaining substance, such as a lignocellulosic degradation product
intoethanol.YeastofthespeciesPichiastipitisand/orPichiasegobiensisand/orCandidashehataeare
utilizedforthefermentation.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
Publicacin
de Inventor
Solicitante
46.
US5258293
Continuous
19910503
process
for
ethanol
production from
lignocellulosic
materials without
mechanical
agitation
LYND LEE R; DARTMOUTHCOLLEGE

HOGSETT
DAVID
A;
SPIELES
GISBERT
Resumen:
An improved and highly productive method of continuously producing ethanol from lignocellulosic
substrates is provided. The method involves providing a suitable microbial system within a reaction
vessel and adding fermentable substrate to the reactor to form a reaction mixture. The fermentation
reaction is allowed to proceed while a quiescent state is maintained within the reactor. During the
fermentation, soluble substrate is differentially retained relative to the feed slurry and reaction
biocatalystsareretainedandinternallyrecycledwithinthesystem.Further,whilefermentingsubstrate
isretainedwithinthesystem,itformsastratifiedzonewithinthereactorsuchthattheconcentrationof
activelyfermentingsubstrateishighestatupperportionsofthereactionzoneandislowest,nearzero,
at a lower portion of the reaction zone. Insoluble, fully reacted substrate may be withdrawn from a
regionnearthebottomofthereactor
47.
PROCESS
FOR 19910614
COLODETTE
WHITEMARTINSSA
CA2071185
DELIGNIFYING
JORGE
L;
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
SANTOS DE
PULP BY MEANS
CAMPOS ANA
OFOXYGEN
S
Resumen:
IMPROVEMENTINAPROCESSFORDELIGNIFYINGLIGNOCELLULOSICPULPBYMEANSOFOXYGENThe
presentinventionreferstoanimprovementfordelignifyingalignocellulosicpulpbymeansofoxygen
wherein ethanol is used as an additive and the process is carried out at high temperature thereby
obtainingahigherreductionofligincontentofthelignocellulosicpulp,thatis,ahigherreductionofthe
Kappa Number in comparison with conventional processes without, however, prejudicing the pulp
quality. The use of the present invention provides a pulp which, when subjected to subsequent
bleachingsequences,willrequirealoweramountofchlorocompoundsinordertoachievethedesired
whitenessandwillalsoexhibitahighviscositythusrenderingaproductwithgoodresistanceproperties.
D16935
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
48.
CELL
MASS 19930611
PHILIPPIDIS
MIDWEST
RESEARCH
WO9429475
FROM
GEORGE
P; INST
FERMENTERS AS
WYMAN
NUTRIENT
CHARLES E;
SOURCE
IN
HINMAN
BIOMASSTO
NORMAN D;
ETHANOL
SPINDLER
CONVERSION
DIANE
D;
SCHELL
DANIELJ
Resumen:
Animprovedprocessforconvertinglignocellulosicbiomasstoethanolcomprising:providingabiomass
materialselectedfromthegroupconsistingofunmodifiedcarbohydratematerial,chemicallymodified
carbohydrate material, derivatized carbohydrate material and mixtures thereof; treating said material
enzymatically,chemically,physicallyormechanicallytoproduceaglucosecontainingfluid;treatingthe
glucose containing fluid in a fermenter with a fermentative microorganism at temperatures between
about20DEGCtoabout50DEGCandatpHrangesfromabout3.0toabout7.0;separatingcellmass
from said material and solutions surrounding said cell mass fromsaid materials and recycling the cell
massandsolutionssurroundingthecellmassbacktothefermentertoprovideasourceofnutrientsfor
the fermentative organism; extracting ethanol from the fermentation broth with distillation or an
extractingsolventorwithmembranes;andevaporatingtheethanolfromthefermentationbroth.
IMPROVEMENT
19970407
INGRAM
UNIVFLORIDA
49.
OF
ETHANOL
LONNIE
O;
US6333181
PRODUCTION
WOOD BRENT
FROM
E
LIGNOCELLULOSE
Resumen:
This invention presents a method of improving enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose, as in the
production of ethanol from lignocellulosic material, through the use of ultrasonic treatment. The
inventionshowsthatultrasonictreatmentreducescellulaserequirementsby[VULGARFRACTIONONE
THIRD] to 1/2. With the cost of enzymes being a major problem in the costeffective production of
ethanolfromlignocellulosicmaterial,thisinventionpresentsasignificantimprovementoverpresently
availablemethods.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
50.
ACID HYDROLYSIS 20050215
BULLA ROMEO; BULLA
ROMEO
BR200500534 PROCESS
OF
GONZALO
GONZALO SIEIRO GONZALEZ
CELLULOSIC AND
SIEIRO
OXITENO S A IND E COM
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
GONZALEZ;
PELLEGRINIFRANCISCOINACIO
MATERIALS,
PELLEGRINI
DIGESTIONVESSEL
FRANCISCO
AND HYDROLYSIS
INACIO
REACTOR
Resumen:
Thepresentinventionrelatestoanenhancedprocessforsugarproductionthroughtheacidhydrolysis
of cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials characterized by the treatment of these materials in three
steps.Inthefirststep,itismadeadigestionofthelignocellulosicmaterialusingasolventcapableof
partiallydissolvingthelignin,whichconstitutespartofthelignocellulosicmaterial.Inthesecondstep,
thecellulosicmaterialresultingfromthetreatmentwiththesolventissubjectedtoanacidtreatmentin
such conditions that mainly hemicellulose is hydrolyzed to form a sugar solution rich with pentose
monomersandoligomers.Inthethirdstep,thecellulosicmaterialfromthesecondstepissubjectedto
anacidtreatmentinsuchconditionsthatthemajorpartofthecelluloseishydrolyzedtoformasugar
solutionrichwithhexosemonomersandoligomers.ThisinventionalsorelatestoaDigestionVesseland
a Reactor, with this set being constituted by a single vessel or a set of vessels where it's possible to
identifythreeareaswherethethreeprocessstepsareconducted.
51.
BR9600672
A PROCESS FOR19960308
RAPID
ACID
HYDROLISIS
OF
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
MATERIAL
AND
HYDROLISIS
REACTOR
HILST
ANTONIO
GERALDO
PROENCA
DEDINI S A ADMINISTRACAO E
PAR
HILST ANTONIO GERALDO
PROENCA
Resumen:
The present invention relates to a continuous process for acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material
through which the delignification and saccharification operations are carried out in a single reaction
cycleutilizingasolubilizingorganicsolventofligninandastrongandextremelydilutedinorganicacid,
and obtaining highly concentrated recoveries of sugar. For the execution of the present process a
hydrolysisreactorisfurtherpresented.
NoPatente
52.
CH609092
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Publicacin
Process
for 19770401
ARMANET
JEAN
continuous acid
MICHEL;
HAMM
hydrolysis and
THOMAS; REGNAULT
saccharification
ALAIN;SACHETTOJEAN
PIERRE;
TOURNIER
HERVE
Solicitante
BATELLE MEMERIAL INST
BATTELLE
MEMORIAL
INSTITUTE
Resumen:
Continuoushydrolysistoproducesugarsiseffectedbycyclicallyimmersingasolid,dividedlignocellulosic
material in a bath of concentrated hydrochloric acid and draining the material between successive
immersionssoastodissolvetheproducedsugars,untilthesugarconcentrationoftheacidinthebathhas
attainedadesiredvalue.Thesolidmaterialandtheliquidacidaredeliveredtoatubularhorizontalrotary
reactorarrangedtoprovideabathoftheacid,toproducearotatingmovementforcyclicalimmersionof
thesolidmaterialinthebathofacidandlongitudinallydisplacethesolidmaterialundergoinghydrolysis
together with the acid of the bath and to continuously discharge solid residue and acid containing
dissolvedsugarsduetooverflowbygravityatanoutletendofthereactor.
53.
GENE KNOCKOUT 20070509
HOGSETT
HOGSETT DAVID A
WO2008141174 MESOPHILIC AND
DAVID
A; MASCOMA
CORP
THERMOPHILIC
RAJGARHIA
RAJGARHIAVINEETB
ORGANISMS,AND
VINEETB
METHODSOFUSE
THEREOF
Resumen:
Oneaspectoftheinventionrelatestoageneticallymodifiedthermophilicormesophilicmicroorganism,
wherein a first native gene is partially, substantially, or completely deleted, silenced, inactivated, or
downregulated, which first native gene encodes a first native enzyme involved in the metabolic
productionofanorganicacidorasaltthereof,therebyincreasingthenativeabilityofsaidthermophilicor
mesophilic microorganism to produce ethanol as a fermentation product. In certain embodiments, the
aforementioned microorganism further comprises a first nonnative gene, which first non native gene
encodesafirstnonnativeenzymeinvolvedinthemetabolicproductionofethanol.Anotheraspectofthe
invention relates to a process for converting lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol, comprising contacting
lignocellulosicbiomasswithageneticallymodifiedthermophilicormesophilicmicroorganism
NoPatente
Ttulo
54.
MATERIALS
WO2008119009 AND
METHODS FOR
EFFICIENT
ALANINE
PRODUCTION
Fecha
Publicacin
20070327
de Inventor
ZHANG XUELI
ZHANG;
JANTAMA
KAEMWICH;
MOORE
JONATHAN C;
SHANMUGAM
KEELNATHAM
T;
INGRAM
LONNIE
O'NEAL
Solicitante
INGRAM LONNIE O'NEAL
JANTAMA
KAEMWICH
MOORE
JONATHAN
C
SHANMUGAM
KEELNATHAM
T
UNIV
FLORIDA
ZHANGXUELIZHANG
Resumen:
The subject application provides genetically engineered microorganisms that produce Lalanine as the
primary fermentation product from sugars. Pentose sugars, such as xylose, and hexose sugars, such as
glucose, can be effectively fermented to Lalanine. The strains described herein have the ability to
metabolize all sugars that are constituents of lignocellulosic biomass and a variety of disaccharides,
includinglactose,maltose,sucroseandothers.
55.
Indirect
or 20060525
LEWIS RANDY S; HUHNKE RAYMOND L
US20070275447 direct
TANNER RALPH LEWIS
RANDY
S
fermentation
S;
HUHNKE TANNER
RALPH
S
of biomass to
RAYMONDL
UNIVOKLAHOMASTATE
fuelalcohol
Resumen:
A novel clostridia bacterial species (Clostridium carboxidivorans, ATCC BAA624, "P7") is provided. P7 is
convert CO to ethanol. Thus, this novel bacterium can transform waste gases (e.g. syngas and refinery
capableofdirectlyfermentinglignocellulosicmaterialstoproduceethanolandothersubstances
NoPatente
56.
WO200718442
Ttulo
FechadePublicacin Inventor
EXPRESSION OF AN 20050805
TRAVASSOS
ACTIVECARRIERFOR
LEANDRO
XYLOSE
IN
MARIA JOSE;
GENETICALLY
THERIAGA
MODIFIED
MENDES
SACCHAROMYCES
BERNARDO
CEREVISIAE
GONCA;
SPENCER
VIEIRA
MARTINS
ISABEL
Solicitante
FUNDACAO
DA
FACULDADEDECIENC
SPENCER
VIEIRA
MARTINS
ISABEL
THERIAGA MENDES
BERNARDO GONCA
TRAVASSOS LEANDRO
MARIAJOSE
Resumen:
ThepresentinventionconferstothefermentativeyeastSaccharomycescerevisiae,geneticallymodifiedby
insertion of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a xylose and glucose active transporter, the ability to
assimilate xylose using a system of cotransport with protons exhibiting a high affinity for xylose. The
inventionisusefulfortheproductionofbioethanolfromplantbiomassandotherlignocellulosicmaterials,
usinggeneticallymodifiedmicroorganismsforassimilatingandfermentingxyloseinmixturesofhexoses
andpentosesresultingfromrawmaterialofindustrialinterest
57.
FR2881753
Production
of 20050209
cellulase enzymes
using the residues
from
ethanolic
fermentation
distillation
of
enzymatic
hydrolysates from
(ligno)cellulosic
materials
WARZYWODA
MICHEL;
BALLERINI
DANIEL;
MONOT
FREDERIC
BALLERINI
DANIEL
INST FRANCAIS DU
PETROLE
Institut Francais du
Petrole
MONOT
FREDERIC
WARZYWODAMICHEL
Resumen:
Producingcellulolyticand/orhemicellulolyticenzymesbyacellulolyticmicroorganismcomprisesusingthe
residue from the ethanolic fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates of cellulosic or lignocellulosic
materials. An independent claim is also included for a process for producing ethanol from cellulosic or
lignocellulosicmaterials.
NoPatente
58.
US7344876
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Publicacin
Kluyveromyces
20030124
LEVINE
strains metabolizing
ROBERTP
cellulosic
and
hemicellulosic
materials
Solicitante
ENOGEN
INC
PHAGEBIOTECHNOLOGYPHAGE
BIOTECHNOLOGYINC
Resumen:
This invention relates to the use of microorganisms for the generation of ethanol from lignocellulosic
wastematerials.YeaststrainsofthegenusKluyveromyceswhichhavethecapabilitytofermentcellulose,
hexose sugars to ethanol are provided. Also provided are methods for converting cellulose, hexoses, or
mixedhydrolysatesofhexosestoethanolbyfermentationwithKluyveromycesstrains.Theinventionalso
provides methods to isolate yeast strains which metabolize cellulose, pentoses, or hemicelluloses from
wastematerials.
59.
Tower reactors for 19970110
NGUYEN QUANG NGUYENQUANGA
US5733758
bioconversion
of
A
lignocellulosic
material
Resumen:
Anapparatusforenzymatichydrolysisandfermentationofpretreatedlignocellulosicmaterial,intheform
ofatowerbioreactor,havingmixerstoachieveintermittentmixingofthematerial.Precisemixingofthe
materialisimportantforeffectiveheatandmasstransferrequirementswithoutdamagingordenaturing
theenzymesorfermentingmicroorganisms.Thepretreatedmaterial,generallyintheformofaslurry,is
pumped through the bioreactor, either upwards of downwards, and is mixed periodically as it passes
throughthemixingzoneswherethemixersarelocated.Forathinslurry,alternatemixingcanbeachieved
byapumpingloopwhichalsoservesasaheattransferdevice.Additionalheattransfertakesplacethrough
thereactorheattransferjackets.

NoPatente
60.
US5047332
Ttulo
Fecha
Publicacin
Integrated
19860903
process for the
production of
food, feed and
fuel
from
biomass
de Inventor
CHAHAL
DEVINDERS
Solicitante
FRAPPIER
ARMAND
INST
INST ARMAND FRAPPIER UNIV
OFQ
Resumen:
A feedstock containing a biomass such as lignocellulosic materials, e.g. forest biomass; agricultural
residues; or manures, is pretreated and thereafter is fractionated into cellulose, lignin and
hemicelluloses. New mutants are disclosed which include Chaetomium cellulolyticum IAF101 (NRRL
18756), Aspergillus sp. IAF201 (NRRL 18758), Penicillum sp. IAF603 (NRRL 18759), and Trichoderma
reeseiQMY1.WiththesenewmutantsandalsoknownfungiincludingPleurotussajorcajuandother
Pleurotusspp.unfractionatedpredeterminedbiomassisconvertedintofeed.Thesametreatmentcan
also be applied to hemicelluloses, and cellullose. Cellulose can also be hydrolyzed by means of a
cellulasesystem prepared from cellulose and Tricoderma reesei to prepare glucose which can be
convertedtoalcoholwithSaccharomycescerevisiae,Kluyveromycesspp.andZymomonasmobilis.The
residual microbial biomass of these microorganisms from alcohol fermentation broth is also used as
feed.Theprocessiseconomicalandnonpolluting.
61.
A METHOD AND A 20070725 FOSBOL
ATLAS
STORD
DENMARK
WO200912779 SYSTEM
FORTHE
PEDER;
FOSBOL
PEDER
PRETREATMENT
OF
HANSEN
HANSENPALLE
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
PALLE
MATERIAL
Resumen:
The invention relates to a method and a system for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic material by
thermal hydrolysis, in particular with a view to producing bioethanol, wherein the material is first
admixedwithwaterandisthenpassedtoareactor,inwhichthesoakedmaterialissubjectedtoahigh
temperatureandahighpressuretosuchanextentthatitisaccessibleforasubsequenttreatmentwith
enzymes,followingwhichthetreatedmaterialisseparatedintoaliquidpartandasolidpart,wherethe
solid component is subsequently used for the production of bioethanol by enzymation and
fermentation. Exclusively steam is used in the method and the corresponding system for heating,
stirringandtransport,ase.g.thetransportthroughthevariouselementsofthesystemisprovidedbya
pressure difference between the compartments of the elements. The material (30) is introduced
throughagate(2)intoareactor(3)inwhichthehydrolysistakesplace.Aftercompletedtreatment,the
material(32)isdischargedtoaneconomizer(4),inwhichaseparator(5)separatesthematerialintoa
solidpartandaliquidpart.Thesolidpart(29)isdischargedforuseinthefurtherprocess.Themethodis
performed as a two step process, as the material (32) from the first reactor (3) is injected into the
economizer(4)andfromtherefurtheron(26)toanadditionalreactor(8)foranadditionaltreatment
step.Ahighefficiencyisachieved,asallpressuresareestablishedbydirectsteamaddition,andheating
surfaces and mechanical elements, such as pumps,stirrers, stuffing boxes, bearings, etc. are avoided.
The use of economizers (4, 9) improves the consumption of energy relative to previously known
processes.
1.1. Anexo2Resumendepatentes,Brasil.
ResumendePatenteempresaDEDINI.Brasil
PN - WO2007051269 A1 20070510 [WO200751269]

STG: Publ. Of int. Appl. With int. Search rep
AP : 2006WO-BR00239 20061031
CA2613745 A1 20070510 [CA2613745]
STG: Application laid open
AP : 2006CA-2613745 20061031
AU2006308733 A1 20070510 [AU2006308733]
STG: Patent not preceeded by A1-lapsed
AP : 2006AU-0308733 20061031
BRPI0505212 A 20070807 [BR200505212]
STG: Patent Application
AP : 2005BR-0005212 20051101
AR057564 A1 20071205 [AR--57564]
STG: Independent patent application
AP : 2006AR-P104735 20061030
CN101223288 A 20080716 [CN101223288]
STG: Unexamined application
AP : 2006CN-80026130 20061031
FD : PCT PN: WO2007/051269 20070510 [WO200751269]
FD : PCT PAP: PCT/BR2006/000239 20061031 [2006WO-BR00239]
EP1945823 A1 20080723 [EP1945823]
STG: Public. Of applic. With search report
28/08/08 1 15*54*24
AP : 2006EP-0804597 20061031
TI - IMPROVEMENTS IN A PROCESS FOR RAPID ACID HYDROLYSIS OF
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
MATERIAL AND IN A HYDROLYSIS REACTOR
OTI - (EP1945823)
VERBESSERUNG BEI EINEM VERFAHREN ZUR SCHNELLEN SAUREN HYDROLYSE VON
LIGNOCELLULOSEMATERIAL UND BEI EINEM HYDROLYSEREAKTOR

AMLIORATIONS CONCERNANT UN PROCD POUR L'HYDROLYSE ACIDE RAPIDE DE
MATIRE LIGNOCELLULOSIQUE ET CONCERNANT UN RACTEUR D'HYDROLYSE
AMLIORATIONS CONCERNANT UN PROCD POUR L'HYDROLYSE ACIDE RAPIDE DE
AMELIORATIONS CONCERNANT UN PROCEDE POUR L'HYDROLYSE ACIDE RAPIDE DE
MATIERE LIGNOCELLULOSIQUE ET CONCERNANT UN REACTEUR D'HYDROLYSE
aperfeioamentos em processo de hidrlise cida rpida de material lignocelulsico e em
reator
de hidrlise
PROCESO DE HIDROLISIS ACIDA RAPIDA DE MATERIAL LIGNOCELULOSICO Y UN
REACTOR DE HIDROLISIS
AB - (WO200751269)
Improvements in a process for rapid acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material and in a

hydrolysis
reactor, said lignocellulosic material being fed in different levels of a reactor (10) and contacted
with flows of lignin organic solvent, water and an extremely dilute solution of a strong inorganic
acid, for obtaining a liquid phase of hydrolysis extract and a solid phase of non-reacted and
nondissolved
material. A controlled steam flow is injected into the different levels of the reactor (10),
so as to provide adequate temperatures of organic solvent and strong inorganic acid and
forming
the desired products (sugars). A flow of the liquid phase is recirculated in different levels of the
reactor (10), the remainder thereof being withdrawn from the reactor (10), abruptly cooled with
the solvent submitted to evaporation to obtain a concentrate. The lignin is transferred by
decantation and the concentrate is transferred to subsequent process steps.
DS - (EP1945823)
DE SE
DS - (WO200751269)
AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC
EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM GT HN HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KN KP KR KZ LA
LC
LK LR LS LT LU LV LY MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MY MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL
PT RO RS RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SV SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN
ZA
ZM ZW
ARIPO patent : BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW
Eurasian patent : AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM
European patent : AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV
MC
NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR
OAPI patent : BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG
FD - (CN101223288)
PCT PN: WO2007/051269 20070510 [WO200751269]
PCT PAP: PCT/BR2006/000239 20061031 [2006WO-BR00239]
PR - 2005BR-0005212 20051101
2006WO-BR00239 20061031
IN - HILST ANTONIO GERALDO PROENCA
PA - DE DINI BASIC INDUSTRIES [machine translation]
DEDINI S A IND DE BASE
DENDINI S A IND DE BASE
HILST ANTONIO GERALDO PROENCA
PA0 - DEDINI S/A. INDSTRIAS DE BASE; / Rodovia Rio Claro - Piracicaba - Km 26,3, Bairro
Cruz
Caiada, 13412-900 Piracicaba - SP (BR) (except US)
HILST, Antonio Geraldo Proena; / Rua Flix de Lavalle, 161, Bairro Nova Piracicaba, 13405-
148 Piracicaba (BR) (only US)
ResumendePatenteempresaPetroBras.Brasil
PN - WO2008065433 A1 20080605 [WO200865433]

AP : 2007WO-GB04618 20071130
BRPI0605017 A 20080715 [BR200605017]
AP : 2006BR-0005017 20061130
TI - PROCESS FOR THE FERMENTATIVE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM SOLID
LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL COMPRISING A STEP OF TREATING A SOLID
LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL WITH ALKALINE SOLUTION IN ORDER TO REMOVE THE
LIGNIN
OTI - (WO200865433)
PROCD POUR LA PRODUCTION FERMENTATIVE D'THANOL PARTIR D'UNE
MATIRE LIGNOCELLULOSIQUE SOLIDE COMPRENANT UNE TAPE DE TRAITEMENT
D'UNE MATIRE LIGNOCELLULOSIQUE SOLIDE PAR UNE SOLUTION ALCALINE AFIN
D'LIMINER LA LIGNINE
processo para a produo de etanol a partir de materiais lignocelulsicos por via enzimtica
AB - (WO200865433)
agroindustrial waste materials composed of lignocellulose, and especially sugar cane bagasse.
These residues have significant contents of carbohydrates in the form of polysaccharides
(cellulose and hemicellulose), which can be hydrolysed by chemical and enzymic processes.
The hemicellulose fraction is submitted to mild hydrolysis with sulphuric acid, and the solid
material from this hydrolysis is submitted to a process of saccharif ication (enzymic hydrolysis)
with simultaneous rapid alcoholic fermentation under conditions which allow a significant
increase in conversion to alcohol in a greatly shortened time.
DS - (WO200865433)
AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BH BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM
DO DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM GT HN HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KN KP
KR KZ LA LC LK LR LS LT LU LY MA MD ME MG MK MN MW MX MY MZ NA NG NI NO NZ
OM PG PH PL PT RO RS RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SV SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG
US
UZ VC VN ZA ZM ZW
MC
PR - 2006BR-0005017 20061130
IN - SANTA ANNA LIDIA MARIA MELO; PEREIRA NEI; GOMES ABSAI DA CONCEICAI;
28/08/08 1 16*55*44
VASQUES MARIANA PENUELA

PA - BENSON JOHN EVERETT
GOMES ABSAI DA CONCEICAI
PEREIRA NEI
SANTA ANNA LIDIA MARIA MELO
PA0 - PETROLEO BRASILEIRO S.A.-PETROBRAS; / Av Republica do Chile, No. 65, CEP20031-912
Rio de Janeiro, RJ (BR) (as-indicated)
BENSON, John, Everett; / 14 South Square, Gray's Inn (GB) (as-indicated)
SANTA'ANNA, Lidia, Maria, Melo; / Rua Condominio Vale de Itaipu, Rua 03, Casa 332, Itaipu
(BR) (only US)
PEREIRA, Nei; / Rua Humberlo de Campos, No.410, Ap.503, Leblon (BR) (only US)
GOMES, Absai, Da Conceiai; / Rua Himalaia, No. 396, Anchieta, CEP-21655-330 Rio de
Janeiro, RJ (BR) (only US)
VASQUES, Mariana, Penuela; / Centro de Technologia - BI. C, Cidade Univesitaria, Ilha do
Fundao (BR) (only US)
28/08/08 2 16*55*44
3Artculoscientficos.
Artculos publicados sobre temas relacionados con la obtencin de etanol a partir de

residuoslignocelulsicos.
1. Thermoset phenolic matrices reinforced with unmodified and

surfacegrafted furfuryl alcohol sugar cane bagasse and curaua
fibers: properties of fibers and composites. Trindade, W G /
Hoareau,W/Megiatto,JD/Razera,IAT/Castellan,A/Frollini,E
, Biomacromolecules, 6 (5), p.24852496, Sep 2005 Composites
based on phenolic matrices and unmodified and chemically
modifiedsugarcanebagasseandcurauafiberswereprepared.The
fibers were oxidized by chlorine dioxide, mainly phenolic syringyl
andguaiacylunitsoftheligninpolymer,followedby...
2. Hoareau, W. / Trindade, W.G. / Siegmund, B. / Castellan, A. /

Frollini, E. , Polymer Degradation and Stability, 86 (3), p.567576,
Dec 2004 Sugar cane bagasse and curaua acidolysis lignins were
usedtogetabetterunderstandingofthemechanisminvolvedina
new chemical modification of sugar cane bagasse and curaua
fibres, consisting in a selective oxidation of lignin by...Sugar cane
bagasse and curaua lignins oxidized by chlorine dioxide and
reactedwithfurfurylalcohol:characterization...
3. ThermoMechanicalBehaviorofPoly(vinylalcohol)andSugarcane
Bagasse Composites. attivita' di ricerca [10K] Sep 2007 attivit di
ricercaArticoloinrivistaAutoriE.Chiellini,P.Cinelli,R.Solaro,M.
LausTitoloThermoMechanicalBehaviorofPoly(vinylalcohol)and
Sugarcane Bagasse Composites Anno 2004 Lingua Inglese Rivista
J.Appl.Polym.Sci. Volume 92 Pagina iniziale 426 Pagina finale 432
Numero
http://brett.adm.unipi.it/cgi
bin/virmap/vmibo?doc_pub...]Perspectivassobrelaproduccinde
Bioetanol en Mxico http: //www.ciatej.net.mx/ Centro de
AsistenciaenTecnologayDiseodeJalisco.
4. Planeacin estratgica de la agroindustria azucarera mexicana

para la produccin de biocombustibles. Colegios de
Postgraduados.Mxico.
5.
Evaluation of inoculum of Candida guilliermondii grown in
presenceofglucoseonxylosereductaseandxylitoldehydrogenase
activities and xylitol production during batch fermentation of
sugarcanebagassehydrolysate.daSilva,DboraDanielleVirgnio/
dasGraasdeAlmeidaFelipe,Maria/deMancilha,IsmaelMaciel/
da Silva, Slvio Silvrio , Applied biochemistry and biotechnology,
121124, p.427437, Apr 2005 The effect of glucose on xylose
xylitolmetabolisminfermentationmediumconsistingofsugarcane
bagasse hydrolysate was evaluated by employing an inoculum
of...56 g/g) and productivity (0.46 g/[L.h]) after 48 h of
fermentation.

6.
7.
Estudo de recuperao xilitol produzido por fermentao do

hidrolisadodebagaodecanadeaucarutilizandozeolitas.Study
... Tihany Morita Antero dos Santos , Dec 2004 ...produced by
fermentation of the hidrolisate one of bagasse of sugar caneof
sugar...Xilitol , Fermentation , Separation...is a sugar alcohol with
large...production from the fermentation of hemicellulosic...sugar
canebagassehydrolysate...
PotentialforreductionofalcoholproductioncostsinBrazilRosa,
L.P./Tolmasquim,M.T./Arouca,M.C.,Energy,23(11),p.987995,
Nov 1998 ...hydrated alcohol) but also...The use of bagasse as a
woodsubsdtute...method for fermentation and (iii) the use of
bagasse as fuel...juice and bagasse. In distelle...or syrup
fermentationatindependent...hydratedalcohol(96GL)and...
8.
Optimized extraction by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide

reversed micelles of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase
from Candida guilliermondii homogenate. Cortez, Ely Vieira /
Pessoa,Adalberto/dasGraasdeAlmeidaFelipe,Maria/Roberto,
Ins Conceio / Vitolo, Michele , Journal of chromatography. B,
Analyticaltechnologiesinthebiomedicalandlifesciences,807(1),
p.4754, Jul 2004 The intracellular enzymes xylose reductase (XR,
EC 1.1.1.21) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XD, EC 1.1.1.9) from
Candida guilliermondii, grown in sugar cane bagasse hydrolysate,
wereseparatedbyreversedmicellesofcetyltrimethylammonium
bromide(CTAB)
9.
A survey of potential health and safety hazards of commercial

scale ethanol production facilities [PDF8MB] Sep 2004 3 4456
0452033 5 ORML4TM7817 Contract No. W7405eng26 Health
and Safety Research D i v i s i o n Environmental Sciences
Division** In formation D iv i s i on* A SURVEY OF POTENTIAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS OF COMMERCIALSCALE ETHANOL
PRODUCTION FACILITIES A. P. Watson J. I;. Smith* J. L.
http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/1982/3445604520935.pd
10.
Poster Presentation 335 [9K] Mar 2002 Research and

development studies of alcohol fermentation technology have
beenconductedoverthelastdecadestomakealcoholproduction
more efficient. In this context there are clear advantages in using
surplusbagassefromethanolplantsasarawmaterialforthesame
end
product.
http://www.ct.ornl.gov/symposium/24th/index_files/post...]
11. NovelEthanolFermentationsfromSugarCaneandStrawHartley,
B.S./Shama,G.,PhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSociety
of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences (1934
1990),
321
(1561),
p.555568,
Apr
1987
doi:10.1098/rsta.1987.0032Most agree that it is ultimately
desirable to produce bulk chemicals such as ethanol from
renewable resources; the questions focus on `where', `when' and

`how'
12. Ethanol/waterpulpsfromsugarcanestrawandtheirbiobleaching
withxylanasefromBacilluspumilus.Moriya,ReginaY/Gonalves,
Adilson R / Duarte, Marta C T , Applied biochemistry and
biotechnology,137140(112),p.501513,Apr2007Theinfluence
ofindependentvariables(temperatureandtime)onthecookingof
sugar cane straw with ethanol/water mixtures was studied to
determine operating conditions that obtain pulp with high
cellulosecontentsandalowlignincontent.
13. Hydrolysis of Ammoniapretreated Sugar Cane Bagasse with

Cellulase,betaGlucosidase,andHemicellulasePreparations.Prior,
BernardA/Day,DonalF,Appliedbiochemistryandbiotechnology,
146 (13), p.151164, Mar 2008 Sugar cane bagasse consists of
hemicellulose (24%) and cellulose (38%), and bioconversion of
bothfractionstoethanolshouldbeconsideredforaviableprocess.
We have evaluated the hydrolysis of pretreated bagasse with
combinationsofcellulase,
14. Study of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using phosphoric

acidGamez,S./GonzalezCabriales,J.J./Ramirez,J.A./Garrote,G.
/ Vazquez, M. , Journal of Food Engineering, 74 (1), p.7888, May
2006 In the present work, samples of sugar cane bagasse were
hydrolysed with phosphoric acid under mild conditions (H"3PO"4
26%,time0300minand122ôC)tostudythefeasibilityofusing
theliquidphaseasfermentationmedia.Solidyield,...
15. Hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using nitric acid: a kinetic

assessmentRodriguezChong,A./AlbertoRamirez,J./Garrote,G.
/Vazquez,M.,JournalofFoodEngineering,61(2),p.143152,Feb
2004 Sugar cane bagasse was hydrolysed using nitric acid at
variable concentration (26%), reaction time (0300 min) and
temperature (100128 ôC). The concentration of sugars released
(xylose,glucoseandarabinose)anddegradationproducts...
16.
Modeling of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse with

hydrochloric acid. Bustos, Guadalupe / Ramrez, Jos Alberto /
Garrote, Gil / Vzquez, Manuel , Applied biochemistry and
biotechnology,104(1),p.5168,Jan2003Sugarcanebagassewas
hydrolyzedunderdifferentconcentrationsofhydrochloricacid(2
6%), reaction times (0300 min), and temperatures (100128
degrees C). Sugars obtained (xylose, glucose, arabinose, and
glucose)anddegradationproducts(furfural...
17. KineticstudyoftheacidhydrolysisofsugarcanebagasseAguilar,
R. / Ramrez, J.A. / Garrote, G. / Vazquez, M. , Journal of Food
Engineering, 55 (4), p.309318, Dec 2002 Economic interest in
xylitolproductioncanbeenhancediftheneededxylosesolutions
can be obtained from the hydrolysis of lowcost lignocellulosic
wastes. Sugar cane bagasse is a renewable, cheap and widely

availablewastein...
18. Measured kinetics of the acidcatalysed hydrolysis of sugar cane

bagassetoproducexyloseLavarack,B.P./Griffin,G.J./Rodman,D.
,CatalysisToday,63(2),p.257265,Dec2000Experimentaltrialsof
the water hydrolysis of bagasse to produce xylose, arabinose and
glucose were conducted using a temperaturecontrolled
microwave digester. The experimental variables were
temperature,ratioofwatermasstobagasse...
19. Hydrolysis of Cane Sugar by d and $l$Camphor$\beta \text{
Sulphonic}$AcidCaldwell,RobertJohn,ProceedingsoftheRoyal
Society of London (18541905), 74 (1), p.184187, Jan 1904
doi:10.1098/rspl.1904.0101The Royal Society is collaborating with
JSTOR to digitize, preserve, and extend access to Proceedings of
theRoyalSocietyofLondon.www.jstor
20. Studies of the Processes Operative in Solutions. XXI. The

HydrolysisofCaneSugarbyDiluteAcidsWorley,F.P.,Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a
MathematicalandPhysicalCharacter(19051934),87(599),p.555
563, Dec 1912 doi:10.1098/rspa.1912.0110The Royal Society is
collaboratingwithJSTORtodigitize,preserve,andextendaccessto
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing
PapersofaMathematicalandPhysicalCharacter.www.jstor.
21. Studies of the Processes Operative in Solutions. XXII. The

Hydrolysis of Cane Sugar by Sulphuric Acid; Also a Note on ...
Worley,F.P.,ProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.SeriesA,
ContainingPapersofaMathematicalandPhysicalCharacter(1905
1934),
87
(599),
p.563581,
Dec
1912
doi:10.1098/rspa.1912.0111TheRoyalSocietyiscollaboratingwith
the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a
MathematicalandPhysicalCharacter.www.jstor
22. Enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse by

steamexplosionpretreatment.Kling,SH/Neto,CC/Ferrara,MA
/ Torres, J C / Magalhaes, D B / Ryu, D D , Biotechnology and
bioengineering,29(8),p.10351039,Jun1987
23. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic material with fungi capable of

higher lignin degradation and lower carbohydrate degradation
improvessubstrateacidhydrolysisandtheeventualconversionto
ethanol.uhar,Sarika/Nair,LavanyaM/Kuhad,RameshChander,
Canadian journal of microbiology, 54 (4), p.305313, Apr 2008
Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus,and
fungal isolates RCK1 and RCK3 were tested for their lignin
degradation abilities when grown on wheat straw (WS) and
Prosopis juliflora (PJ) under solidstate cultivation conditions.
Fungalisolate
23.
24. Industrial Bioprocessing Alert. Polyethylene from Sugarcane

Ethanol Ammonia Biomass Hydrolysis Pretreatment Computer
Modeling A ... [35K] Nov 2007 Marrone Organic Innovations
obtains a portfolio of natural product pesticide candidates from
DuPont. Braskem will produce polyethylene sfrom sugarcane
ethanol in Brazil. Michigan State researchers continue to
investigate pretreatment of cellulose with ammonia before
hydrolysis.
Diversa
generates[https://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/marketservice
segm
25. BIOCONVERSION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL INTO BIOFUEL

(ETHANOL) PRETREATMENT, ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS, AND
ETHANOL FERMENTATION [PDF484K] Oct 2007 Biomass Refining
CAFI Auburn University Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) for
Pretreatment of Corn Stover Tae Hyun Kim and Y. Y. Lee
Department of Chemical Engineering Auburn University AIChE
2004
Annual
Meeting
Austin,
TX.
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~thkim/publication/prese...]
26. BioetanolLignocelulsicoyswitchgrass
http://www.pnas.org/search?fulltext=switch+grass+bioethanol+lig
nocelulosic&submit=yes&go.x=5&go.y=7
EstrategiadeBsqueda.
PorClasificacinInternacionaldePatentes:
C12P Procesos de fermentacin para la sntesis de un compuesto qumico dado de
composicin dada. C12P 7/00 Preparacin de compuestos orgnicos que contienen oxgeno.
C12P7/08Preparacincomosubproductoopreparadoapartirdeunsustratoconstituidopor
desechosomateriascelulsicas.
Porpalabrasclavesyoperadoresautorizados:
1.
Bagassefermentationethanol
Bagaofermentaolcool
2.
3.
Pretreatmentbagassefermentation.
4.
Acidhydrolysislignocellulosic
5.
Enzymehydrolysislignocellulosic.
6.
Lignocellulosicethanol
StrawsugarcaneHydrolysisethanol
7.
La bsqueda realizada, conjugando las diferentes estrategias, arroj como resultado 61

familiasdepatentesrelacionadasconeltemadelboletn.Losresmenesdelaspatentesse
encuentran en el ANEXO 1. Adems se encontraron 26 artculos vinculados a proyectos de
investigacineinformacinacadmicaresumidosenelANEXO3.
1 Resumen de patentes.
Resumen de las patentes recuperadas sobre obtencin de alcohol a partir

de residuos
lignocelulsicos
NoPatente
Ttulo
FechadePublicacin
Inventor
Solicitante
METHOD
FOR
THE
20070802
TOLAN
JEFFREY
S;
FOODY
BRIAN
1.
PRODUCTION
OF
FOODY
BRIAN;
IOGEN
ENERGY
COR
US20090035826
ALCOHOL FROM A
ROWLAND
ROWLAND
STEPHEN
PRETREATED
STEPHEN
TOLANJEFFREYS
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
FEEDSTOCK
Resumen:
A process for the production of glucose from a pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock is provided. The metho
comprises enzymatically hydrolyzing the pretreated lignocellulosic feedstock with cellulase enzymes to produce
hydrolyzate slurry comprising glucose and unhydrolyzed cellulose and fermenting the hydrolyzate slurry in
fermentationreactiontoproduceafermentationbrothcomprisingalcohol.Aprocessstreamisobtainedcomprisin
unhydrolyzed cellulose, which is then subjected to a denaturing step, preferably comprising exposing th
unhydrolyzed cellulose to elevated temperatures, thereby producing a heattreated stream comprising th
unhydrolyzedcellulose.Theheattreatedstreamcomprisingunhydrolyzed celluloseisthenfurtherhydrolyzedwit
cellulaseenzymestohydrolyzethecellulosetoglucose.
Process
for 20080808
2.
enzymatically
TEYMOURI
US20090042259
converting a plant
biomass
FARZANEH;
CHUNDAWAT
SHISHIR; BALAN
VENKATESH
Resumen:
Thepresentinventiondescribesaprocessforatleasta90%conversionofaplantbiomasspreferablybyareductio
oftheunitsofcellulaseneededandbyusingaxylanasewhichactssynergisticallywiththecellulasetoimproveth
yield of xylose and glucose as sugars. The process enables greater conversion of a lignocellulosic plant biomass t
glucoseandxyloseforuseasanimalfeedsandasfermentationasmediumforproducingethanol.
NoPatente
3.
WO200911645
Ttulo
AUTO
IMMOBILIZED
CO
FERMENTATION
Fecha
Publicacin
20070713
de Inventor
EDEBOLARS
Solicitante
EDEBOLARS
Resumen:
The present invention discloses a fermentation process wherein a filamentous microorganism and
yeast cells are cooperating by fermenting ethanol from lignocellulosic hydrolysates which contain
mixturesofbothsugarsandtoxicsubstances.Thefermentationprocesscomprisestwosteps,wherein
the first step the filamentous microorganism is aerobically cultivated in a medium and produces a
myceliumnetwork;andinthesecondstepthenonfilamentousmicroorganismsareimmobilizedwith
saidmyceliumnetworkandincubatedunderoxygenlimitedconditions.Theinventionalsodisclosesa
fermentoroptimizedforthefermentationprocessoftheinvention.
4.
WO200915614
METHOD AND 20070730

EQUIPMENT
FOR
PRODUCTION
OF GLUCOSE,
ETHANOL,
FURFURAL,
FURANE AND
LIGNIN FROM
RENEWABLE
RAW
MATERIALS
KRATOCHVIL
ZDENEK;
RYCHTAR
LIBOR; MACHEK
FRANTISEK;
BOUSKA
FRANTISEK
BOUSKA
FRANTISEK
KMPS FINANCIAL GROUP S R
O
KRATOCHVIL
ZDENEK
MACHEK
FRANTISEK
RYCHTARLIBOR
Resumen:
Method and equipment for production of fermentable saccharides, ethanol, furfural, furane, lignin,
aceticacidandformicacidfromlignocellulosicandamylaceousmaterials.Themethodcomprisesone
stage or twostage continuous thermocompressive hydrolysis of lignocellulosic particles, cellulase
treatment of unreacted lignocellulose, amylase treatment of formed monosaccharides combined with
added amylaceous materials, and fermentation of the combined processed monosaccharide solutions
into ethanol. Side products furfural, methanol, acetic acid, formic acid and lignin are recovered and
purified, optionally furfural is further converted to furan. An integrated process for recovery and
recyclingofallproductsandbyproducts,andrecyclingofheatenergyisdisclosed.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
5.US20080295980 CONTINUOUS
20070815
HALLBERG
BERLIN
ALEX
COUNTERCURRENT
CHRISTER;
GJENNESTAD
GORDON
ORGANOSOLV
O'CONNOR
HALLBERG
CHRISTER
PROCESSING
OF
DONALD;
LIGNOL INNOVATIONS LTD
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
RUSHTON
MACLACHLAN JOHN ROSS
FEEDSTOCKS
MICHAEL; PYE O'CONNOR
DONALD
EDWARD
PYE EDWARD KENDALL
KENDALL;
RUSHTONMICHAEL
GJENNESTAD
GORDON;
BERLIN ALEX;
MACLACHLAN
JOHNROSS
Resumen:
A modular process for organosolv fractionation of lignocellulosic feedstocks into component parts and
further processing of said component parts into at least fuelgrade ethanol and four classes of lignin
derivatives.Themodularprocesscomprisesafirstprocessingmoduleconfiguredforphysicochemically
digestinglignocellulosicfeedstockswithanorganicsolventtherebyproducingacellulosicsolidsfraction
andaliquidfraction,asecondprocessingmoduleconfiguredforproducingatleastafuelgradeethanol
andafirstclassofnovelligninderivativesfromthecellulosicsolidsfraction,athirdprocessingmodule
configuredforseparatingasecondclassandathirdclassofligninderivativesfromtheliquidfractionand
further processing the liquid fraction to produce a distillate and a stillage, a fourth processing module
configuredforseparatingafourthclassofligninderivativesfromthestillageandfurtherprocessingthe
stillagetoproduceasugarsyrup.
6.US20090011484 CONCURRENT
20070704
BERLIN ALEX; BERLIN
ALEX
SACCHARIFICATION
PYE EDWARD LIGNOL INNOVATIONS LTD
AND
KENDALL;
O'CONNOR
DONALD
FERMENTATION OF
O'CONNOR
PYEEDWARDKENDALL
FIBROUSBIOMASS
DONALD
Resumen:
Aprocessforsimultaneoussaccharificationandfermentationofacellulosicsolidsfractionextractedfrom
alignocellulosicfeedstock.Theviscosityofthecellulosicsolidsfractionisreducedbyintermixingwitha
liquid carbohydrate stream. A suitable liquid carbohydrate stream is a delignified liquids fraction that
was previously separated from the solids fraction during processing of the lignocellulosic feedstock.
Alternatively, the viscosity of the solids fraction may be reduced by commingling with a liquid
carbohydrate stream comprising one or more monosaccharides. The reducedviscosity cellulosic solids
fractionisthencommingledwithafermentativemicrobialinoculantandacellulosicbiomassdegrading
enzyme composition. The commingled mixture is maintained in a pressurized reaction vessel under
elevated temperatures to enable simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic solids to
monosaccharidesandfermentationofthemonosaccharidestoproduceanethanolicbeer.Theethanolic
beerisdistillableforrecoveryoffuelgradeethanolandastillagethatmaybefurtherprocessed.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
7.
Biomass
20080313
VARANASI
ANDERSON JARED DADI
US20080227162 pretreatment
SASIDHAR;
ANANTHARAM
PRASAD
SCHALL
KUMAR
GUNEETRIPATI
CONSTANCE
PRAVEEN
ANN;
DADI RAO
KRIPA
SCHALL
ANANTHARAM
CONSTANCE
ANN
PRASAD;
UNIV TOLEDO ARANASI
ANDERSON
SASIDHAR
JARED;
RAO
KRIPA
Resumen:
Amethodforlignocelluloseconversiontosugarwithimprovementsinyieldandrateofsugarproduction
has been developed by using ionic liquid pretreatment. This new pretreatment strategy substantially
improvestheefficiency(intermsofyieldandreactionrates)ofsaccharificationoflignocellulosicbiomass.
Cellulose and hemicellulose, when hydrolyzed into their sugars, can be converted into ethanol fuel
throughwellestablishedfermentationtechnologies.Thesesugarsalsoformthefeedstocksforproduction
ofvarietyofchemicalsandpolymers.Thecomplexstructureofbiomassrequiresproperpretreatmentto
enable efficient saccharification of cellulose and hemicellulose components to their constituent sugars.
Current pretreatment approaches suffer from slow reaction rates of cellulose hydrolysis (by using the
enzymecellulase)andlowyields.
8.
US20080227161
METHODS
FOR 20070316
PRODUCING
A
HYDROLYSATE AND
ETHANOL FROM
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
MATERIALS
LEVIE BENJAMIN
E; NEOGI AMAR
N;
DUFF
SHELDON J B;
MAYOVSKY
JEFFREY
E;
ANDERSON
DWIGHT
E;
ECKERT ROBERT
C;
KRISHNA
CHUNDAKKADU
ANDERSON
DWIGHT
E
DUFF SHELDON J B
ECKERT ROBERT C
KRISHNA
CHUNDAKKADU
LEVIE BENJAMIN E
MAYOVSKY
JEFFREY
E
NEOGI AMAR N
WEYERHAEUSER
CO
Resumen:
A method for producing a hydrolysate from lignocellulosic materials generally includes fiberizing the
lignocellulosicmaterials,separatingthelignocellulosicmaterialsintoatleastafirstportionandasecond
portion,whereinatleastthefirstportionincludeslignin,treatingthefirstportiontodeactivateatleasta
portionofthelignininthefirstportion,recombiningthefirstandsecondportionsaftertreatingthefirst
portion,andhydrolyzingthelignocellulosicmaterialswithenzymestoproduceahydrolysate.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
9.
PROCESS
FOR CHUNG CHANGHO; CHUNG
CHUNG CHANGHO;
WO200895098 SUGAR
DAYDONALF
CHANGHO
DAYDONALF
PRODUCTION
DAY DONAL F
FROM
UNIV
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
LOUISIANA
BIOMASS USING
STATE
ALKALI
PRETREATMENT
Resumen:
Wehavediscoveredanewmethodtotreatbiomasswithalkali,forexamplelime.Thelimeandlignin
wassufficientlyremovedfromthetreatedbiomassb>squeezingwithahighpressuredevicetoremove
alkali and other potential inhibitors of the cellulase enzymes added for sacchapfication. The resulting
fibrousmaterialwasrapidlysolubihzedbycellulases,evenatsolidloadsrangingfrom10to30%(w/w)
withoutinhibitoryeffectsonthecellulaseactivity.Thelimepretreatmentremovedlignineffectivelyand
leftthecelluloseandhemicellulosealmostintact.Themethodyieldedabiomasswithstructurecapable
of being enzyme solubhzed and fermented readily at a solids loading of 1030% for a production of
ethanol.
10.
Cellulose
fuel 20080116
XIAODONG
XIAODONGBAI
CN101235392
ethanol
and
BAI; FENGJU
preparation
XU;
BAIYIN
methodthereof
LIU;
XIAOGANG
BAI
Resumen:
Theinventionrelatestoacellulosefuelalcoholandthemanufacturingmethod,whichbelongstothe
technicalfieldofprocessingandutilizinglignocellulosicwastessuchforestsecondaryproducts,forest
crotches,farmcropstrawsandthelike.Thekeypointoftheinventionisthatanintegralcouplingnew
method is optimized to lead fibrous raw material to process, ferment, distill and dewater to achieve
technicalinnovationandlowerproductioncost.Theapplicationofthecellulosefuelalcoholissuitable
forenginefuelofvehiclegasoline,andeachphysicalchemicalpropertiesandenvironmentprotection
index completely reach to the national standard. The cellulose fuel alcohol effectively lowers the
pollution of automobile exhaust which is carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon, which
savesrawmaterialsuchasfoodstuffandfecula,andreducespetroleumoilconsumption
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
11.
METHOD FOR 20061016
NOJIRIMASANOBU; FORESTRY
&
FOREST
JP2008092910
PRODUCING
IKEDA TSUTOMU; PRODUCTSRES
ETHANOL
SUGIMOTO
TOMOKO;MAGARA
KENGO
Resumen:
PROBLEMTOBESOLVED:Toprovideamethodforefficientlyproducingethanol,withslightburdenon
the environment, by reducing the cost of both saccharification and fermentation with lignocellulosic
biomassasfeedstock.
SOLUTION:Themethodforproducingethanolcomprisesthefollowingprocess:Lignocellulosicbiomass
isdelignifiedbyalkalidigestiontechnique,saccharifyingenzymeproductivebacteriaareculturedwith
the resultant biomass as a carbon source to produce an enzyme suitable to saccharifying the
lignocellulosic biomass, and a cultured liquid containing the resultant saccharifying enzyme and
ethanolfermentative bacteria are added to the alkalidigested lignocellulosic biomass to effect
fermentation.
12.
SANTA
BENSON JOHN EVERETT
BR200605017
FERMENTATIVE
ANNA LIDIA GOMES ABSAI DA CONCEICAI
PRODUCTION
OF
MARIA
PEREIRA
NEI
ETHANOL FROM SOLID

MELO;
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
PEREIRA
SANTA ANNA LIDIA MARIA
MATERIALCOMPRISING
NEI;
MELO
A STEP OF TREATING A
GOMES
VASQUESMARIANAPENUELA
SOLID
ABSAI DA
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
CONCEICAI;
MATERIAL
WITH
VASQUES
ALKALINE SOLUTION IN
MARIANA
ORDER TO REMOVE
PENUELA
THELIGNIN
Resumen:
agroindustrial waste materials composed of lignocellulose, and especially sugar cane bagasse. These
residues have significant contents of carbohydrates in the form of polysaccharides (cellulose and
hemicellulose),whichcanbehydrolysedbychemicalandenzymicprocesses.Thehemicellulosefraction
is submitted to mild hydrolysis with sulphuric acid, and the solid material from this hydrolysis is
submitted to a process of saccharif ication (enzymic hydrolysis) with simultaneous rapid alcoholic
fermentation under conditions which allow a significant increase in conversion to alcohol in a greatly
shortenedtime.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
13.
MOVING
BED 20060803
WINGERSON
KADAM
KIRAN
L
US20080029233 BIOMASS
RICHARD C; PUREVISION
FRACTIONATION
KADAM KIRAN TECHNOLOGY
INC
SYSTEM
AND
L
WINGERSONRICHARDC
METHOD
Resumen:
Countercurrent extraction of lignocellulosic biomass such as trees, grasses, shrubs, and agricultural
residues or waste involves the separation of cellulose fibers from other constituents, for subsequent
use in the manufacture of paper, plastics, ethanol, and other industrial chemicals. Systems and
methodsinvolvecontinuous,multipleprocessingstepsthatmayincludechemicalreactionswithmixing
atelevatedtemperatureand/orpressure,efficientreagentorsolventutilization,filtrationatelevated
temperature and/or pressure, controlled discharge of liquid and solid products, and energy
recuperation.
14.
Integrated
20060905
NGUYEN
NGUYENXUANNGHINH
US20080057555 process
for
XUANNGHINH
separation
of
lignocellulosic
components to
fermentable
sugars
for
production of
ethanol
and
chemicals
Resumen:
A continuous and modular process converts lignocellulosic materials for the production of ethanol
principally and/or chemicals such as methanol, butanediol, propanediol, hydrocarbon fuel, etc.
Renewable lignocellulosic biomass such as but not all inclusive hardwoods (gum, beech, oak, sweet
gum, poplar, eucalyptus, etc.), soft woods (pines, firs, spruce, etc.), corn stovers, straws, grasses,
recycledpapers,wasteproductsfrompulpandpapermills,etccanbeusedasfeedstock.Theprocessis
designed to be modular and the feed entry point can be selected to adapt to different biomass
feedstock.Lignocellulosicbiomasssuchashardwoodandsoftwoodaresubjectedtochemical/pressure
treatmentstagesusingpotentandselectivechemicalssuchassodiumchlorite/aceticacid(anhydrous)
and chlorine/chlorine dioxide to separate the main componentslignin, cellulose (glucose) and
hemicelluloses(xylose,arabinose,galactose)intothreeprocessstreams.Theseparatedcarbohydrates
are further subjected to washing, cleaning, neutralization, and/or mild hydrolysis and subsequently
fermentedtoproduceethanol.Residualligninandextractivesremainedwiththecelluloseareremoved
by chemical treatment steps to enhance the fermentations of cellulose. Prehydrolysate after
neutralizationtoneutralizeandremovetoxiccomponentssuchasaceticacid,furfural,phenolics,etc.
containing (xylose, arabinose, galactose) and hexoses (glucose) can be either separately or together
with the purified cellulosic fraction fermented to produce ethanol. Approximately 100 gallons of
ethanol,suitabletobeusedasafuel,canbeproducedfromonedriedtonofwood.Significantamount
of lignin are separated as a byproduct and can be converted to hydrocarbon fuel, surfactant, drilling
aid,orcanbeincineratedforgenerationofpowerandsteam.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
15.
THERMOANAEROBACTER 20060522
MIKKELSEN AHRING BIRGITTE KIAER
WO2007134607 MATHRANIISTRAINBGl
MARIE
BIOGASOL
IPR
APS
JUST;
MIKKELSENMARIEJUST
AHRING
BIRGITTE
KIAER
Resumen:
StrictanaerobicthermophilicbacteriumbelongingtothegroupofThermoanaerobactermathraniiand
mutants and derivatives thereof. The bacterium is particularly suitable for the production of
fermentation products such as ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid and hydrogen from lignocellulosic
biomass.
16.
Indirect
or
direct 20060525
LEWIS RANDY HUHNKE
US20070275447
fermentation of biomass
S;
TANNER RAYMOND
tofuelalcohol
RALPH
S; L
HUHNKE
LEWIS
RAYMONDL
RANDY S
TANNER
RALPH
S
UNIV
OKLAHOMA
STATE
Resumen:
Anovelclostridiabacterialspecies(Clostridiumcarboxidivorans,ATCCBAA624,"P7")isprovided.P7is
convertCOtoethanol.Thus,thisnovelbacteriumcantransformwastegases(e.g.syngasandrefinery
capableofdirectlyfermentinglignocellulosicmaterialstoproduceethanolandothersubstances.
17.
Process
for
the 20060501
DALEBRUCE
UNIV
US20080008783
treatment
of
MICHIGAN
STATE
Resumen:
process yields of monosaccharides from the structural carbohydrates are good, particularly as
measuredbytheenzymatichydrolysisofthestructuralcarbohydrates.Themonosaccharidesareused
asanimalfeedsandenergysourcesforethanolproduction.
NoPatente
18.
WO200795215
Ttulo
PRODUCTION
OF GASOLINE
FROM
FERMENTABLE
FEEDSTOCKS
Fecha
Publicacin
20060214
de Inventor
Solicitante
BRADINDAVID
BRADIN DAVID CPS

BIOFUELSINC
Resumen:
Compositions and methods for forming hexane, and, optionally, gasoline and/or components of a
gasolinecomposition,fromfermentablesugarsaredisclosed.Thesugarsarefermentedusingabacteria
or yeast that predominantly forms butyric acid. The butyric acid is subjected to Kolbe or photoKolbe
electrolysis to form hexane. The hexane can be subjected to catalytic reforming and/or isomerization
steps to form higher octane products, which are or can be included in gasoline compositions. In one
aspect, the fermentable sugars are derived from lignocellulosic materials such as wood products,
switchgrass, or agricultural wastes. These materials are delignified to form lignin, cellulose and
hemicellulose.Thecelluloseandhemicellulosearedepolymerizedtoformglycoseandxylose,eitheror
bothofwhichcanbefermentedbythebacteria.Thelignincanbeusedtogenerateheatenergyand/or
electricenergyforuseinoneormoreprocesssteps,suchasthefermentation,productisolation,Kolbe
electrolysis,catalyticreformingand/orisomerizationsteps.Alternatively,thelignincanbeconvertedto
synthesis gas, which can then be subjected to FischerTropsch synthesis, or converted to methanol
and/orethanol.Thus,themethodsdescribedhereincanconvertbiomasstoafuelcompositionorfuel
additive,whichcanbeusedinaconventionalgasolineengine,unliketraditionalfuelssuchasethanolor
biodiesel.
19.
Process
for 20060330
US20070227063 conversion of
BALAN
mushroom
VENKATESH;
lignocellulosic
CHUNDAWAT
waste to useful
SHISHIRP
byproducts
Resumen:
A process for the conversion of monocot lignocellulosic grass waste from mushroom growth into
byproductsisdescribed.Inparticular,thepresentinventionreleasesglucansfromthewastewhichcan
be easily hydrolyzed, after a less severe thermochemical process (i.e. AFEX), and into sugars for
producingethanolorotherbyproductsbyfermentation.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
Publicacin
de Inventor
Solicitante
20.
EP2013368

TREATMENT OF
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
BIOMASS
DALE
BRUCE E;
LYND LEE
R; LASER
MARK
DALE BRUCE E ARTMOUTH

COLLEGE
LASER MARK YND LEE RUNIV
MICHIGANSTATE
Resumen:
processyieldsofmonosaccharidesfromthestructuralcarbohydratesaregood,particularlyasmeasured
bytheenzymatichydrolysisofthestructuralcarbohydrates.Themonosaccharidesareusedasanimal
feedsandenergysourcesforethanolproduction.
21.
THERMOPHILIC
20051031
DESAI SUNIL BARDSLEY
JOHN
EP2021487
ORGANISMS FOR
G;
SHAW ARTMOUTH COLLEGE
CONVERSION OF
ARTHUR
DESAISUNILGOGSETT
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
JOSEPHUS IV; DAVID
ANTHONY
BIOMASS
TO
LYND LEE R; LYNDLEE RMASCOMA
ETHANOL
TYURIN
CORP
MIKHAILV
PODKAMINE
KARAHAW
ARTHUR
JOSEPHUS
SHAW
ARTHUR
JOSEPHUS
IVRIN
MIKHAILV
Resumen:
Mutant thermophilic organisms that consume a variety of biomass derived substrates are disclosed
herein. Strains of Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum with acetate kinase and
phosphotransacetylase expression eliminated are disclosed herein. Further, strain ALKl has been
engineered by site directed homologous recombination to knockout both acetic acid and lactic acid
production.ContinuouscultureinvolvingasubstrateconcentrationchallengeleadtoevolutionofALKl,
and formation of a more robust strain designated ALK2. Both organisms produce near theoretical
ethanolyieldswithoutexpressingpyruvatedecarboxylase
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
22.
Method for producing 20051212
AGBLEVOR
AGBLEVOR
US20070134781 bioethanol from a
FOSTERA
FOSTER
A
AGBLEVOR
and recycled paper

FOSTERARYL
sludge
Resumen:
Amethodproducingethanolbycombininganplantfibermaterialcontainingcalciumcarbonatewithat
least one lignocellulosic agricultural residue into a mixture. The plant fiber material can be a paper
sludge.Themixtureisthenhydrolyzedandtheresultanthydrolysateisthenfermentedintoethanol.
23.
WO200792898
PROCESS
FOR 20060207
CONVERTING
ANHYDROSUGARS TO
GLUCOSE AND OTHER
FERMENTABLESUGARS
OLSON EDWIN ENERGY

&
S;
FREEL ENVIRONMENTAL
BARRY
RES
CT
FREEL
BARRY
LSONEDWINS
Resumen:
A process is provided for producing glucose and other fermentable sugars from a liquid mixture
containing anhydrosugars. One example of a process encompasses: 1) water extraction of a
anhydrosugarrich fastpyrolysis biooil fraction that constitutes a residual after removal of volatile
impurities, 2) further purification of said anhydrosugarrich fraction, and 3) solidphase catalytic
hydrolysis of the anhydrosugars to yield glucose and other fermentable sugars. An exemplary
applicationoftheprocessisintheproductionofethanolandothersugarbasedfermentationproducts
frombiooilgeneratedviafastpyrolysisoflowcost,highavailabilitylignocellulosicbiomassresources.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
24.
Method
of 20010228
GRIFFIN
IOGENENERGYCORP
EP1767658
processing
ROBERT;
lignocellulosic
NICHOLSON
feedstock for
COLIN; MOTT
enhanced
CORINNE;
xylose
and
TOLAN
ethanol
JEFFREY
S;
production
ANANDVIJAY
Resumen:
comprisingxyloseandapretreatedfeedstock.Thexylosemaybepurifiedfromthepretreatedfeedstock
oritmaybeconvertedtoethanolwiththepretreatedfeedstock
25.
Production of 20050209
WARZYWODA BALLERINI
DANIEL
FR2881753
cellulase
MICHEL;
INST
FRANCAIS
DU
enzymes using
BALLERINI
PETROLE
the residues
DANIEL;
InstitutFrancaisduPetrole
fromethanolic
MONOT
MONOT
FREDERIC
fermentation
FREDERIC
WARZYWODAMICHEL
distillation of
enzymatic
hydrolysates
from (ligno
)cellulosic
materials
Resumen:
Producingcellulolyticand/orhemicellulolyticenzymesbyacellulolyticmicroorganismcomprisesusing
the residue from the ethanolic fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates of cellulosic or lignocellulosic
materials.Anindependentclaimisalsoincludedforaprocessforproducingethanolfromcellulosicor
lignocellulosicmaterials
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
Publicacin
26.
Procedure for 20000224
US20050069998 the production
of
ethanol
from
lignocellulosic
biomass using
a new heat
tolerantyeast
de Inventor
Solicitante
BALLESTEROS CTINVESTIGENERGETICAS
PERDICES
CIEMAT
IGNACIO;
BALLESTEROS
PERDICES
MERCEDES;
OLIVA
DOMINGUEZ
JOSE MIGUEL;
CARRASCO
GARCIAJUAN
Resumen:
It includes the stages of grinding the lignocellulosic biomass to a size of 1530 mm, subjecting the
productobtainedtosteamexplosionpretreatmentatatemperatureof190230deg.C.forbetween1
and10minutesinareactor(2),collectingthepretreatedmaterialinacyclone(3)andseparatingthe
liquidandsolidfractionsbyfiltrationinafilterpress(9),introducingthesolidfractioninafermentation
deposit(10),addingacellulaseataconcentrationof15UFPpergramofcelluloseand12.6International
Units of betaglucosidase enzyme dissolved in citrate buffer pH 4.8, inoculating the fermentation
deposit (10) with a culture of the heattolerant bacteria Kluyveromyces marxianus CECT 10875,
obtained by chemical mutagenesis from strain DER26 of Kluyveromyces marxianus and shaking the
mixturefor72hoursat42deg.C.
27.
PRODUCTION 20050331
ENQVIST ERIC; ENQVIST ERIC HEINRICH
FI200505143
OF
PULP
TIKKA PANU; LEOPOLD
LUHTANEN
USING
A
HEINRICH
MATTIMETSO PAPER INC
GASEOUS
LEOPOLD;
TIKKAPANU
ORGANIC
LUHTANEN
AGENT
AS
MATTI
HEATING AND
REACTION
ACCELERATING
MEDIA
Resumen:
The invention relates to an improved process to break down lignin macromolecules and liberating
cellulosefibersinlignocellulosicmaterialusingdelignifyingreactantswithagaseousorganicagentasa
heating and reactionaccelerating media. Lignocellulosic material is first impregnated with reactant
chemicals,e.g.commonlyusedagentssuchassodiumhydroxideandsodiumsulfide.Subsequently,the
energy required for the delignification reactions is provided through heating with a gaseous organic
agent such as methanol or ethanol, condensing and releasing energy to the solid lignocellulosic
material. The temperature during the heating step with a gaseous organic agent is higher than the
temperatureduringtheimpregnationstep.
NoPatente
28.
US7344876
Ttulo
Kluyveromyces
strains
metabolizing
cellulosic
and
hemicellulosic
materials
Fecha
Publicacin
20030124
de Inventor
LEVINE
ROBERTP
Solicitante
ENOGEN
INC
PHAGE
BIOTECHNOLOGY
PHAGE
BIOTECHNOLOGYINC
Resumen:
Thisinventionrelatestotheuseofmicroorganismsforthegenerationofethanolfromlignocellulosic
waste materials. Yeast strains of the genus Kluyveromyces which have the capability to ferment
cellulose, hexose sugars to ethanol are provided. Also provided are methods for converting cellulose,
hexoses,ormixedhydrolysatesofhexosestoethanolbyfermentationwithKluyveromycesstrains.The
invention also provides methods to isolate yeast strains which metabolize cellulose, pentoses, or
hemicellulosesfromwastematerials.
29.
METHOD
OF 20010228
GRIFFIN
ANAND VIJAY GRIFFIN
US20040231661 PROCESSING
ROBERT;
ROBERT OGEN BIO
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
NICHOLSON
PRODUCTS
CORP
FEEDSTOCK FOR
COLIN; MOTT IOGEN ENERGY CORP
ENHANCED
CORINNE;
MOTT
XYLOSE
AND
TOLAN
CORINNENICHOLSON
ETHANOL
JEFFREY
S; COLIN TOLAN JEFFREY
PRODUCTION
ANANDVIJAY S
Resumen:
comprising xylose and a pretreated feedstock. The xylose may be purified from the pretreated
feedstockoritmaybeconvertedtoethanolwiththepretreatedfeedstock.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
30.
Process
of 20020222
GERVAIS
GERVAIS
GIBSON
W
US7189306
treating
GIBSONW
GERVAISGILLES
lignocellulosic
material
to
produce bio
ethanol
Resumen:
This invention relates to a process of treating a lignocellulosic material to produce bioethanol. The
processincludesthestepsof:(a)exposingthelignocellulosicmaterialtoconditionsincludingapHnot
less than about 8, and steam at a first pressure, to produce a step (a) product; (b) explosively
dischargingthestep(a)producttoasecondpressurelessthanthefirstpressuretoproduceastep(b)
product;and(c)furtherprocessingthestep(b)producttoproducebioethanolandothercoproducts.
Inanotherembodiment,theinventionrelatestoaconicalaugerfractionationcolumn.Thefractionation
columnincludesacolumnbodyhavinganinputandanoutput.Aconicalfilterispositionedinsidethe
columnbody,thefilterhavingalargerdiameterenddirectedtowardtheinputandasmallerdiameter
enddirectedtowardtheoutput.Aconicalaugerispositionedinsidetheconicalfilter,theconicalauger
havinganouterdiameterwhichisapproximatelythesameasaninnerdiameteroftheconicalfilter.The
augerandfilterareadaptedtocooperatetoseparatecellulosicsolidsfromaliquidstreaminaprocess
ofproducingbioethanolfromalignocellulosicmaterial.
31.
Ligninblocking 20030319
YANG
BIN; DARTMOUTH
COLLEGE
US20040185542 treatment of
WYMAN
WYMAN CHARLES E YANG
biomass and
CHARLESE
BIN
usesthereof
Resumen:
Disclosedisamethodforconvertingcelluloseinalignocellulosicbiomass.Themethodprovidesfora
ligninblocking polypeptide and/or protein treatment of high lignin solids. The treatment enhances
cellulase availability in cellulose conversion. Cellulase efficiencies are improved by the protein or
polypeptide treatment. The treatment may be used in combination with steam explosion and acid
prehydrolysis techniques. Hydrolysis yields from lignin containing biomass are enhanced 520%, and
enzyme utilization is increased from 10% to 50%. Thus, a more efficient and economical method of
processing lignin containing biomass materials utilizes a polypeptide/protein treatment step that
effectivelyblocksligninbindingofcellulase.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
32.
ETHANOL
20040519
NILSSON
FORSKARPATENT I
SE200401303
PRODUCTIVITIES OF
ANNELI; LIDEN SYD
AB
SACCHAROMYCES
GUNNAR;
GORWA
CEREVISIAE STRAINS
GORWA
GRAUSLUND
INFERMENTATIONOF
GRAUSLUND
MARIEFRANCOIS
DILUTEACID
MARIE
HAHNHAEGERDAL
HYDROLYZATES
FRANCOIS;
BAERBEL
DEPEND ON THEIR
HAHN
LIDEN
GUNNAR
FURAN REDUCTION
HAEGERDAL
MODIG CARL T
CAPACITIES
BAERBEL;
MOREIRA
DE
MODIG CARL ALMEIDA JOAO R
TOBIAS;
NILSSONANNELI
MOREIRA DE
ALMEIDA
JOAORICARD
Resumen:
The present invention relates to an ethanol producing microbial strain, such as Saccharomyces
cerevisiaestrain,beingabletogrowandproduceethanolfromlignocellulosichydrolysatescomprising
growthinhibitingcompoundsofthegroupfurfuraland5hydroxymethylfurfural,inabatch,fedbatch
orcontinuousfermentation,saidmicrobialstrainbeingtoleranttosuch inhibitingcompounds,which
strainisupregulatedand/oroverexpressedwithregardtooneormoreofthefollowinggenes:LAT1,
ALD6,ADH5,ADH6,GDH3,OYE3,SER3,GND2,MDH2,IDP3,ADH7,AAD15,ERG27,HMG1,LYS5,SPS19,
SGE1.
33.
PROCESS
FOR 20040604
PENTTILAE
PENTTILA MERJA
FI200400775
PRODUCING
MERJA; SIIKA SIIKAAHO MATTI
ETHANOL
AHO MATTI; UUSITALO JAANA
UUSITALO
VALTION
JAANA;
TEKNILLINEN
VIIKARILIISA
VIIKARILIISA
Resumen:
Aprocessforproducingethanolfromafibrouslignocellulosicrawmaterial.Afterpretreatmentofthe
rawmaterial,thefibrousfractionisfirsthydrolysedathighconsistencyandthenthemodifiedmaterial
issubjectedsimultaneouslytocontinuedhydrolysiswithacellulaseandtoethanolfermentationina
fermentation mixture. Fermentation is continued to convert an essential portion of the available
cellulose into ethanol, then a liquid fraction containing solubilized hemicelluloses is added to the
fermentationmixtureandfermentationcontinued.Bymeansoftheinvention,highfermentationrates,
highethanolconcentrationsandlowethanolproductioncostscanbeattained.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
34.
METHOD
FOR 20000925
FOODY BRIAN; DONALDSON
JENNIFER,
US7419809
GLUCOSE
WHITE THERESA FOODY BRIAN, IOGEN BIO

PRODUCTIONWITH
C;
TOLAN PRODUCTS CORP, IOGEN
A
CELLULASE
JEFFREY
S; ENERGY CORP, TOLAN
MIXTURE
DONALDSON
JEFFREYS,WHITETHERESA
COMPRISING
A
JENNIFER
C
MODIFIED
CELLULASE
Resumen:
Thepresentinventionpertainstoamethodofconvertingcellulosetoglucosebytreatingapretreated
lignocellulosic substrate with an enzyme mixture comprising cellulase enzyme and a modified CBHO,
wherein the modified CBHI is present in the enzyme mixture at an amount relative to all CBHItype
enzymes from about 15% to about 100% (w/w),depending upon the modified CBHI used. The
pretreated lignocellulosic substrate is selected from the group consisting of agricultural residues,
residuesafterstarchorsugarremovaldedicatedethanolcropsforestryproducts,andpulpandpaper
products,orcombinationsthereof
35.
US6660506
DILUTE
20000809
ACID/METAL SALT
HYDROLYSIS
OF
LIGNOCELLULOSICS
NGUYEN
QUANG
TUCKER
MELVINP
KELLER FRED A
A; MIDWEST RESEARCH
INST
NGUYEN QUANG A
TUCKERMELVINP
Resumen:
Amodifieddiluteacidmethodofhydrolyzingthecelluloseandhemicelluloseinlignocellulosicmaterial
underconditionstoobtainhigheroverallfermentablesugaryieldsthanisobtainableusingdiluteacid
alone, comprising:impregnating a lignocellulosic feedstock with a mixture of an amount of aqueous
solution of a dilute acid catalyst and a metal salt catalyst sufficient to provide higher overall
fermentable sugar yields than is obtainable when hydrolyzing with dilute acid alone;loading the
impregnated lignocellulosic feedstock into a reactor and heating for a sufficient period of time to
hydrolyzesubstantiallyallofthehemicelluloseandgreaterthan45%ofthecellulosetowatersoluble
sugars;andrecoveringthewatersolublesugars.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
36.
CELLULOSE
20000816
WINGERSON
PUREVISION
US6419788
PRODUCTION
RICHARDC
TECHNOLOGY
INC
FROM
PUREVISION
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
TECNOLOGYINC
BIOMASS
Resumen:
Amultifunctionprocessisdescribedfortheseparationofcellulosefibersfromtheotherconstituents
of lignocellulosic biomass such as found in trees, grasses, agricultural waste, and waste paper with
applicationinthepreparationoffeedstocksforuseinthemanufactureofpaper,plastics,ethanol,and
otherchemicals.Thisprocessminimizeswastedisposalproblemssinceitusesonlysteam,water,and
oxygenatelevatedtemperatureintherangeof180deg.C.to240deg.C.for1to10minutesplusasmall
amountofchemicalreagentstomaintainpHintherange8to13.Anenergyrecuperationfunctionis
importanttotheeconomicviabilityoftheprocess.
37.
Ethanol
19970619
INGRAM
UNIVFLORIDA
US6130076
productionusinga
LONNIE
O;
soy hydrolysate
YORKSEANW
based medium or
a
yeast
autolysatebased
medium
Resumen:
This invention presents a method for the production of ethanol that utilizes a soy hydrolysatebased
nutrient medium or a yeast autolysatebased medium nutrient medium in conjunction with
ethanologenic bacteria and a fermentable sugar for the costeffective production of ethanol from
lignocellulosicbiomass.Theinventionoffersseveraladvantagesoverpresentlyavailablemediaforuse
inethanolproduction,includingconsistentquality,lackoftoxinsandwideavailability.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin

38.
US6498029
Pentose
19991117
fermentation
of
normally
toxic
lignocellulose
prehydrolysate
with strain of
Pichia stipitis
yeastusingair
KELLER FRED MIDWESTRESEARCHINST

A; NGUYEN
QUANGA
Resumen:
Strains of the yeast Pichia stipitis NPw9 (ATCC PTA3717) useful for the production of ethanol using
oxygenforgrowthwhilefermentingnormallytoxiclignocellulosicprehydrolysates.
39.
CH645685
Process
19780831
allowing the
delignification
and
the
transformation
into sugar of
lignocellulose
vegetal
material
by
using organic
solvents
PASZNER
CHANGP
L; PASZNER LASZLO CHANG

PEI
CHING
THERMOFORM
AG
Resumen:
Minced lignocellulose, such as wood, straw, bamboos, bagasse or any other structured vegetal
material, is treated in a discontinuous or continuous process. The process consists in boiling this
material in an acidified mixture of solvents in an aqueous phase. This mixture of solvents contains
waterinaproportionof30to70partsandanorganicsolventinaproportionof70to30parts.The
organicsolventconsistsofeitheranalcoholoflightmolecularweight,oraketoneoflight molecular
weight;itmustbeeasilyevaporableandsolubleinwater.ThepHofthemediumisadjustedtoapH
from 3.5 to 1.7 by adding a catalytic compound selected within the group of the strong acids:
hydrochloric,nitricandphosphoric;withinthegroupofthesestrongacidsneutralizedbytheirneutral
salts; within the group of the following organic acids: oxalic, maleic, ophthalic, lmalic, succinic,
nicotinic,salicylicandtrifluoracetic.Theboilingtemperaturesrangebetween160and210'C,preferably
between180and200'C.Afterthree minutesattheminimum,weobtaintheseparationofthelignin
and the hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses dissolved; after that, the fibres are easily dispersible while
forming a pulp. By proceeding to a mechanical refining at a high pressure, a high density
thermomechanicalpulpisobtainedafterashorterboilingtime.Withtheneutralizedacids,aswellas
with the organic acids, particularly with the oxalic acid, we can obtain a fibre with a high degree of
polymerization. The lignin is obtained as a precipitate which separates from the liquid; the liquid
solvent,usuallyethanoloracetone,isevaporated;thenthedrainedligninisredissolvedintheminimal
quantityofacetone;anewprecipitationwithanexcessofwaterallowstoobtaintheligninintheform
of a slightly coloured powder. A prolonged boiling dehydrates and disaggregates the sugars; by the
strong acids action, takes place the formation of light molecular weight or microcristalline cellulose,
glucoseororganicacids,methanolandfurfuraliccompounds.
NoPatente
40.
CA1100266
Ttulo
Fecha de Inventor
Publicacin
Organosolv
19770831
PASZNER
delignification and
LASZLO;
saccharification
CHANG PEI
process
for
CHING
lignocellulosic
plantmaterials
Solicitante
BAU
UND
FORSHUNGSGEZELSHAFT
TE
CHANG P CHANG PEI CHING
PASZNER L PASZNER LASZLO
THERMOFORMBAUFORSCHUNG
Resumen:
Cellulosecontaining material is rapidly saccharified to convert pentosans and hexosans to sugars by
cookingunderpressureatfrom180DEGC.to220DEGC.withacetonewatersolventmixturecarrying
from 0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of phosphoric, sulfuric or hydrochloric acids. A predominantly
cellulosicmaterial,e.g.adelignifiedpulp,ishydrolysedtoyieldrelativelypureglucoserecoverablefrom
liquor which is flowed through the cellulose, then withdrawn and cooled and neutralized within an
elapsedtimeofaminuteorless.Wholewoodisnearlytotallydissolvablebytheprocess,yieldingmixed
pentosesandhexoses.Thedehydrationanddegradationproductsofsugarsareformedbyprolonging
retentiontimeofliquorfrom20to45minutes.
41.
A METHOD FOR 20000217
AHRING
AHRING
BIRGITTE
KIAER
DK1259466T
PROCESSING
BIRGITTE
BIOGASOL
IPR
APS
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
KIAER;
FORSKNINGSCT
RISO
MATERIAL
THOMSEN
FORSKNINGSCT
RISOE
ANNE
THOMSEN
ANNE
BELINDA
BELINDA
UNIVDENMARKTECHDTU
Resumen:
A method wherein lignocellulosic biomass materials are converted into combustible fuel products. In
particular, the method is a continuous process, involving wet oxidation or steam explosion, for
fermentativelyconvertingsuchbiomassmaterialsintoethanolusingaprocessdesignthatpermitsallor
part of the process water from the ethanol fermentation process to be recycled to reduce the
consumptionofprocesswater.Theeffluentfromtheethanolfermentationstepmaybesubjectedtoan
anaerobic fermentation step generating methane and a water effluent in which the amount of
potentially inhibitory substances is at a subinhibitory level, which in turn permits all or part of the
effluentwaterfromtheanaerobicfermentationsteptoberecycledintotheprocess.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
42.
Pulping
of 19781127
CHANG PEI CHANG PEI CHING
US4594130
lignocellulose
CHING;
PASZNERLASZLO
with
aqueous
PASZNER
alcohol
and
LASZLO
alkaline
earth
metal
salt
catalyst
Resumen:
Highyieldpulpingisachievedbycookingalignocellulosicmaterialinaconfinedchamberintheabsence
ofaddedoxygenatelevatedtemperaturesupto240DEGC.withaninitiallyneutraloracidicmixtureof
alcoholandwaterinvolumeratiobetween50:50andvirtuallyanhydrousalcoholcookingliquor,usinga
lower aliphatic alcohol namely methanol, ethanol or npropanol, carrying in solution at least about
0.002 moles per liter of a magnesium, calcium or barium salt as a primary catalyst soluble in at least
catalyticamountsinthemixturetoformbarium,calciumandmagnesiumions.Thecookingtimemay
rangefromatleasttwo(2)minutestounderthree(3)hours.Theprocessyieldsbright,freefiberpulp
even at residual lignin of 80 Kappa number as high as 80% of softwood and up to 75% of hardwood
weight,ofviscosity(TAPPI0.5%CuEn)above18upto60centipoise.Additionoftraceamountsofan
acidiccompoundasasecondarycatalystincreasestherateofdelignification.Elevatedpressuresonthe
cookingsolventmixturealsoincreasestherateofdelignification.
43.
UTILIZATION OF 19790323
DEIBUITSUDO UNIVCALIFORNIA
CA1175820
CELLULOSE AND
ERU BURINKU;
LIGNOCELLULOSE
RARII
ERU
SHIYAREJIYAA
Resumen:
Methodofconvertinglignocellulosicmaterialtousefulproductssuchasethanol,methanol,methane,
organicacidsandfurfural,alsoproducingbestforuseintheprocessandiffeasibleoradvantageousfor
use outside the system; such method comprising a two stage hydrolysis with a sensitization step
between, followed by wet oxidation whereby the production of monosaccharides is maximized and
their degradation is minimized; the products of hydrolysis (monosaccharides) and of wet oxidation of
ligneousmaterialleftasresiduefromhydrolysisareconverted.asbyfermentationofmonosaccharides,
methanantion and processes of separation into useful end products such as ethanol, methane,
methanol, organic acids and furfural; such method and system minimizing degradation to carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide and water and minimizing or eliminating the production of solid waste
material.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
44.
Fermentable
19790702
FABER
AMERICANCANCO
US4342831
acid
MARCEL
D;
hydrolyzates
ERNST
and
RICHARD H;
fermentation
LEFEBVRE
process
PHILIP
Resumen:
Methodofpreconditioningacidhydrolyzatesderivedfromlignocellulosicmaterialssuchassawdustor
newspaperandpreconditionedacidhydrolyzatesareprovided.Thepreconditioningnegatestheeffect
of substances which tend to inhibit fermentation and comprises a series of steps including steam
stripping,calciumoxidetreatmentatapHof10to10.5,adjustingthepHtoabout6to7withamineral
acid and especially phosphoric acid and concentrating the hydrolyzate solution to a glucose
concentrationoflessthan150gramsperliter.Glucosecontainedinsuchpreconditionedhydrolyzatesis
readilyfermentabletoethylalcohol,intheoreticalyield,afterfermentationforasshortaperiodas1to
2hours.
45.
Method for 19830509
VAN DIJKEN ALFA
LAVAL
AB
SE8302654
producing
JOHANNES;
ALFALAVAL
AB
ethanol from
SCHEFFERS
DIJKEN JOHANNES VAN
xylose
ALEXANDER
SCHEFFERSALEXANDER
containing
substance
Resumen:
A method for fermenting xylosecontaining substance, such as a lignocellulosic degradation product
intoethanol.YeastofthespeciesPichiastipitisand/orPichiasegobiensisand/orCandidashehataeare
utilizedforthefermentation.
NoPatente
46.
US5258293
Ttulo
Continuous
process
for
ethanol
production from
lignocellulosic
materials without
mechanical
agitation
Fecha
Publicacin
19910503
de Inventor
Solicitante
LYND LEE R; DARTMOUTHCOLLEGE

HOGSETT
DAVID
A;
SPIELES
GISBERT
Resumen:
An improved and highly productive method of continuously producing ethanol from lignocellulosic
substrates is provided. The method involves providing a suitable microbial system within a reaction
vessel and adding fermentable substrate to the reactor to form a reaction mixture. The fermentation
reaction is allowed to proceed while a quiescent state is maintained within the reactor. During the
fermentation, soluble substrate is differentially retained relative to the feed slurry and reaction
biocatalystsareretainedandinternallyrecycledwithinthesystem.Further,whilefermentingsubstrate
isretainedwithinthesystem,itformsastratifiedzonewithinthereactorsuchthattheconcentrationof
activelyfermentingsubstrateishighestatupperportionsofthereactionzoneandislowest,nearzero,
at a lower portion of the reaction zone. Insoluble, fully reacted substrate may be withdrawn from a
regionnearthebottomofthereactor
47.
PROCESS
FOR 19910614
COLODETTE
WHITEMARTINSSA
CA2071185
DELIGNIFYING
JORGE
L;
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
SANTOS DE
PULP BY MEANS
CAMPOS ANA
OFOXYGEN
S
Resumen:
IMPROVEMENTINAPROCESSFORDELIGNIFYINGLIGNOCELLULOSICPULPBYMEANSOFOXYGENThe
presentinventionreferstoanimprovementfordelignifyingalignocellulosicpulpbymeansofoxygen
wherein ethanol is used as an additive and the process is carried out at high temperature thereby
obtainingahigherreductionofligincontentofthelignocellulosicpulp,thatis,ahigherreductionofthe
Kappa Number in comparison with conventional processes without, however, prejudicing the pulp
quality. The use of the present invention provides a pulp which, when subjected to subsequent
bleachingsequences,willrequirealoweramountofchlorocompoundsinordertoachievethedesired
whitenessandwillalsoexhibitahighviscositythusrenderingaproductwithgoodresistanceproperties.
D16935
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
Publicacin
MASS 19930611
48.
WO9429475
CELL
FROM
FERMENTERS AS
NUTRIENT
SOURCE
IN
BIOMASSTO
ETHANOL
CONVERSION
de Inventor
Solicitante
PHILIPPIDIS
MIDWEST
GEORGE
P; INST
WYMAN
CHARLES E;
HINMAN
NORMAN D;
SPINDLER
DIANE
D;
SCHELL
DANIELJ
RESEARCH
Resumen:
Animprovedprocessforconvertinglignocellulosicbiomasstoethanolcomprising:providingabiomass
materialselectedfromthegroupconsistingofunmodifiedcarbohydratematerial,chemicallymodified
carbohydrate material, derivatized carbohydrate material and mixtures thereof; treating said material
enzymatically,chemically,physicallyormechanicallytoproduceaglucosecontainingfluid;treatingthe
glucose containing fluid in a fermenter with a fermentative microorganism at temperatures between
about20DEGCtoabout50DEGCandatpHrangesfromabout3.0toabout7.0;separatingcellmass
from said material and solutions surrounding said cell mass fromsaid materials and recycling the cell
massandsolutionssurroundingthecellmassbacktothefermentertoprovideasourceofnutrientsfor
the fermentative organism; extracting ethanol from the fermentation broth with distillation or an
extractingsolventorwithmembranes;andevaporatingtheethanolfromthefermentationbroth.
IMPROVEMENT
19970407
INGRAM
UNIVFLORIDA
49.
OF
ETHANOL
LONNIE
O;
US6333181
PRODUCTION
WOOD BRENT
FROM
E
LIGNOCELLULOSE
Resumen:
This invention presents a method of improving enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose, as in the
production of ethanol from lignocellulosic material, through the use of ultrasonic treatment. The
inventionshowsthatultrasonictreatmentreducescellulaserequirementsby[VULGARFRACTIONONE
THIRD] to 1/2. With the cost of enzymes being a major problem in the costeffective production of
ethanolfromlignocellulosicmaterial,thisinventionpresentsasignificantimprovementoverpresently
availablemethods.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
50.
ACID HYDROLYSIS 20050215
BULLA ROMEO; BULLA
ROMEO
BR200500534 PROCESS
OF
GONZALO
GONZALO SIEIRO GONZALEZ
CELLULOSIC AND
SIEIRO
OXITENO S A IND E COM
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
GONZALEZ;
PELLEGRINIFRANCISCOINACIO
MATERIALS,
PELLEGRINI
DIGESTIONVESSEL
FRANCISCO
AND HYDROLYSIS
REACTOR
INACIO
Resumen:
Thepresentinventionrelatestoanenhancedprocessforsugarproductionthroughtheacidhydrolysis
of cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials characterized by the treatment of these materials in three
steps.Inthefirststep,itismadeadigestionofthelignocellulosicmaterialusingasolventcapableof
partiallydissolvingthelignin,whichconstitutespartofthelignocellulosicmaterial.Inthesecondstep,
thecellulosicmaterialresultingfromthetreatmentwiththesolventissubjectedtoanacidtreatmentin
such conditions that mainly hemicellulose is hydrolyzed to form a sugar solution rich with pentose
monomersandoligomers.Inthethirdstep,thecellulosicmaterialfromthesecondstepissubjectedto
anacidtreatmentinsuchconditionsthatthemajorpartofthecelluloseishydrolyzedtoformasugar
solutionrichwithhexosemonomersandoligomers.ThisinventionalsorelatestoaDigestionVesseland
a Reactor, with this set being constituted by a single vessel or a set of vessels where it's possible to
identifythreeareaswherethethreeprocessstepsareconducted.
51.
A PROCESS FOR19960308
HILST
DEDINI S A ADMINISTRACAO E
BR9600672
RAPID
ACID
ANTONIO PAR
HYDROLISIS
OF
GERALDO HILST ANTONIO GERALDO
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
PROENCA PROENCA
MATERIAL
AND
HYDROLISIS
REACTOR
Resumen:
The present invention relates to a continuous process for acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material
through which the delignification and saccharification operations are carried out in a single reaction
cycleutilizingasolubilizingorganicsolventofligninandastrongandextremelydilutedinorganicacid,
and obtaining highly concentrated recoveries of sugar. For the execution of the present process a
hydrolysisreactorisfurtherpresented.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
52.
Process
for 19770401
ARMANET
JEAN BATELLE MEMERIAL INST
CH609092
continuous acid
MICHEL;
HAMM BATTELLE
MEMORIAL
hydrolysis and
THOMAS; REGNAULT INSTITUTE
saccharification
ALAIN;SACHETTOJEAN
PIERRE;
TOURNIER
HERVE
Resumen:
Continuoushydrolysistoproducesugarsiseffectedbycyclicallyimmersingasolid,dividedlignocellulosic
material in a bath of concentrated hydrochloric acid and draining the material between successive
immersionssoastodissolvetheproducedsugars,untilthesugarconcentrationoftheacidinthebathhas
attainedadesiredvalue.Thesolidmaterialandtheliquidacidaredeliveredtoatubularhorizontalrotary
reactorarrangedtoprovideabathoftheacid,toproducearotatingmovementforcyclicalimmersionof
thesolidmaterialinthebathofacidandlongitudinallydisplacethesolidmaterialundergoinghydrolysis
together with the acid of the bath and to continuously discharge solid residue and acid containing
dissolvedsugarsduetooverflowbygravityatanoutletendofthereactor.
53.
GENE KNOCKOUT 20070509
HOGSETT
HOGSETT DAVID A
WO2008141174 MESOPHILIC AND
DAVID
A; MASCOMA
CORP
THERMOPHILIC
RAJGARHIA
RAJGARHIAVINEETB
ORGANISMS,AND
VINEETB
METHODSOFUSE
THEREOF
Resumen:
Oneaspectoftheinventionrelatestoageneticallymodifiedthermophilicormesophilicmicroorganism,
wherein a first native gene is partially, substantially, or completely deleted, silenced, inactivated, or
downregulated, which first native gene encodes a first native enzyme involved in the metabolic
productionofanorganicacidorasaltthereof,therebyincreasingthenativeabilityofsaidthermophilicor
mesophilic microorganism to produce ethanol as a fermentation product. In certain embodiments, the
aforementioned microorganism further comprises a first nonnative gene, which first non native gene
encodesafirstnonnativeenzymeinvolvedinthemetabolicproductionofethanol.Anotheraspectofthe
invention relates to a process for converting lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol, comprising contacting
lignocellulosicbiomasswithageneticallymodifiedthermophilicormesophilicmicroorganism
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Solicitante
Publicacin
54.
MATERIALS
20070327
ZHANG XUELI INGRAM LONNIE O'NEAL
WO2008119009 AND
ZHANG;
JANTAMA
KAEMWICH
METHODS FOR
JANTAMA
MOORE
JONATHAN
C
EFFICIENT
KAEMWICH;
SHANMUGAM
ALANINE
MOORE
KEELNATHAM
T
PRODUCTION
JONATHAN C; UNIV
FLORIDA
SHANMUGAM ZHANGXUELIZHANG
KEELNATHAM
T;
INGRAM
LONNIE
O'NEAL
Resumen:
The subject application provides genetically engineered microorganisms that produce Lalanine as the
primary fermentation product from sugars. Pentose sugars, such as xylose, and hexose sugars, such as
glucose, can be effectively fermented to Lalanine. The strains described herein have the ability to
metabolize all sugars that are constituents of lignocellulosic biomass and a variety of disaccharides,
includinglactose,maltose,sucroseandothers.
55.
Indirect
or 20060525
LEWIS RANDY S; HUHNKE RAYMOND L
US20070275447 direct
TANNER RALPH LEWIS
RANDY
S
fermentation
S;
HUHNKE TANNER
RALPH
S
of biomass to
RAYMONDL
UNIVOKLAHOMASTATE
fuelalcohol
Resumen:
A novel clostridia bacterial species (Clostridium carboxidivorans, ATCC BAA624, "P7") is provided. P7 is
convert CO to ethanol. Thus, this novel bacterium can transform waste gases (e.g. syngas and refinery
capableofdirectlyfermentinglignocellulosicmaterialstoproduceethanolandothersubstances
NoPatente
Ttulo
FechadePublicacin Inventor
Solicitante
56.
EXPRESSION OF AN 20050805
TRAVASSOS
FUNDACAO
DA
WO200718442 ACTIVECARRIERFOR
LEANDRO
FACULDADEDECIENC
XYLOSE
IN
MARIA JOSE; SPENCER
VIEIRA
GENETICALLY
THERIAGA
MARTINS
ISABEL
MODIFIED
MENDES
THERIAGA MENDES
SACCHAROMYCES
BERNARDO
BERNARDO GONCA
CEREVISIAE
GONCA;
TRAVASSOS LEANDRO
SPENCER
MARIAJOSE
VIEIRA
MARTINS
ISABEL
Resumen:
ThepresentinventionconferstothefermentativeyeastSaccharomycescerevisiae,geneticallymodifiedby
insertion of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a xylose and glucose active transporter, the ability to
assimilate xylose using a system of cotransport with protons exhibiting a high affinity for xylose. The
inventionisusefulfortheproductionofbioethanolfromplantbiomassandotherlignocellulosicmaterials,
usinggeneticallymodifiedmicroorganismsforassimilatingandfermentingxyloseinmixturesofhexoses
andpentosesresultingfromrawmaterialofindustrialinterest
57.
Production
of 20050209
WARZYWODA BALLERINI
DANIEL
FR2881753
cellulase enzymes
MICHEL;
INST FRANCAIS DU
using the residues

BALLERINI
PETROLE
from
ethanolic
DANIEL;
Institut Francais du
fermentation
MONOT
Petrole
distillation
of
FREDERIC
MONOT
FREDERIC
enzymatic
WARZYWODAMICHEL
hydrolysates from
(ligno)cellulosic
materials
Resumen:
Producingcellulolyticand/orhemicellulolyticenzymesbyacellulolyticmicroorganismcomprisesusingthe
residue from the ethanolic fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates of cellulosic or lignocellulosic
materials. An independent claim is also included for a process for producing ethanol from cellulosic or
lignocellulosicmaterials.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
de Inventor
Publicacin
Solicitante
58.
US7344876
Kluyveromyces
20030124
strains metabolizing
cellulosic
and
hemicellulosic
materials
LEVINE
ROBERTP
ENOGEN
INC
PHAGEBIOTECHNOLOGYPHAGE
BIOTECHNOLOGYINC
Resumen:
This invention relates to the use of microorganisms for the generation of ethanol from lignocellulosic
wastematerials.YeaststrainsofthegenusKluyveromyceswhichhavethecapabilitytofermentcellulose,
hexose sugars to ethanol are provided. Also provided are methods for converting cellulose, hexoses, or
mixedhydrolysatesofhexosestoethanolbyfermentationwithKluyveromycesstrains.Theinventionalso
provides methods to isolate yeast strains which metabolize cellulose, pentoses, or hemicelluloses from
wastematerials.
59.
Tower reactors for 19970110
NGUYEN QUANG NGUYENQUANGA
US5733758
bioconversion
of
A
lignocellulosic
material
Resumen:
Anapparatusforenzymatichydrolysisandfermentationofpretreatedlignocellulosicmaterial,intheform
ofatowerbioreactor,havingmixerstoachieveintermittentmixingofthematerial.Precisemixingofthe
materialisimportantforeffectiveheatandmasstransferrequirementswithoutdamagingordenaturing
theenzymesorfermentingmicroorganisms.Thepretreatedmaterial,generallyintheformofaslurry,is
pumped through the bioreactor, either upwards of downwards, and is mixed periodically as it passes
throughthemixingzoneswherethemixersarelocated.Forathinslurry,alternatemixingcanbeachieved
byapumpingloopwhichalsoservesasaheattransferdevice.Additionalheattransfertakesplacethrough
thereactorheattransferjackets.
NoPatente
Ttulo
Fecha
Publicacin
19860903
60.
US5047332
Integrated
process for the
production of
food, feed and
fuel
from
biomass
de Inventor
CHAHAL
DEVINDERS
Solicitante
FRAPPIER
ARMAND
INST
INST ARMAND FRAPPIER UNIV
OFQ
Resumen:
A feedstock containing a biomass such as lignocellulosic materials, e.g. forest biomass; agricultural
residues; or manures, is pretreated and thereafter is fractionated into cellulose, lignin and
hemicelluloses. New mutants are disclosed which include Chaetomium cellulolyticum IAF101 (NRRL
18756), Aspergillus sp. IAF201 (NRRL 18758), Penicillum sp. IAF603 (NRRL 18759), and Trichoderma
reeseiQMY1.WiththesenewmutantsandalsoknownfungiincludingPleurotussajorcajuandother
Pleurotusspp.unfractionatedpredeterminedbiomassisconvertedintofeed.Thesametreatmentcan
also be applied to hemicelluloses, and cellullose. Cellulose can also be hydrolyzed by means of a
cellulasesystem prepared from cellulose and Tricoderma reesei to prepare glucose which can be
convertedtoalcoholwithSaccharomycescerevisiae,Kluyveromycesspp.andZymomonasmobilis.The
residual microbial biomass of these microorganisms from alcohol fermentation broth is also used as
feed.Theprocessiseconomicalandnonpolluting.
61.
A METHOD AND A 20070725 FOSBOL
ATLAS
STORD
DENMARK
WO200912779 SYSTEM
FORTHE
PEDER;
FOSBOL
PEDER
PRETREATMENT
OF
HANSEN
HANSENPALLE
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
PALLE
MATERIAL
Resumen:
The invention relates to a method and a system for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic material by
thermal hydrolysis, in particular with a view to producing bioethanol, wherein the material is first
admixedwithwaterandisthenpassedtoareactor,inwhichthesoakedmaterialissubjectedtoahigh
temperatureandahighpressuretosuchanextentthatitisaccessibleforasubsequenttreatmentwith
enzymes,followingwhichthetreatedmaterialisseparatedintoaliquidpartandasolidpart,wherethe
solid component is subsequently used for the production of bioethanol by enzymation and
fermentation. Exclusively steam is used in the method and the corresponding system for heating,
stirringandtransport,ase.g.thetransportthroughthevariouselementsofthesystemisprovidedbya
pressure difference between the compartments of the elements. The material (30) is introduced
throughagate(2)intoareactor(3)inwhichthehydrolysistakesplace.Aftercompletedtreatment,the
material(32)isdischargedtoaneconomizer(4),inwhichaseparator(5)separatesthematerialintoa
solidpartandaliquidpart.Thesolidpart(29)isdischargedforuseinthefurtherprocess.Themethodis
performed as a two step process, as the material (32) from the first reactor (3) is injected into the
economizer(4)andfromtherefurtheron(26)toanadditionalreactor(8)foranadditionaltreatment
step.Ahighefficiencyisachieved,asallpressuresareestablishedbydirectsteamaddition,andheating
surfaces and mechanical elements, such as pumps,stirrers, stuffing boxes, bearings, etc. are avoided.
The use of economizers (4, 9) improves the consumption of energy relative to previously known
processes.
Anexo2Resumendepatentes,Brasil.
ResumendePatenteempresaDEDINI.Brasil
PN - WO2007051269 A1 20070510 [WO200751269]

AP : 2006WO-BR00239 20061031
CA2613745 A1 20070510 [CA2613745]
STG: Application laid open
AP : 2006CA-2613745 20061031
AU2006308733 A1 20070510 [AU2006308733]
STG: Patent not preceeded by A1-lapsed
AP : 2006AU-0308733 20061031
BRPI0505212 A 20070807 [BR200505212]
AP : 2005BR-0005212 20051101
AR057564 A1 20071205 [AR--57564]
STG: Independent patent application
AP : 2006AR-P104735 20061030
CN101223288 A 20080716 [CN101223288]
STG: Unexamined application
AP : 2006CN-80026130 20061031
FD : PCT PN: WO2007/051269 20070510 [WO200751269]
FD : PCT PAP: PCT/BR2006/000239 20061031 [2006WO-BR00239]
EP1945823 A1 20080723 [EP1945823]
STG: Public. Of applic. With search report
28/08/08 1 15*54*24
AP : 2006EP-0804597 20061031
TI - IMPROVEMENTS IN A PROCESS FOR RAPID ACID HYDROLYSIS OF
LIGNOCELLULOSIC
MATERIAL AND IN A HYDROLYSIS REACTOR
OTI - (EP1945823)
VERBESSERUNG BEI EINEM VERFAHREN ZUR SCHNELLEN SAUREN HYDROLYSE
VON
LIGNOCELLULOSEMATERIAL UND BEI EINEM HYDROLYSEREAKTOR

AMLIORATIONS CONCERNANT UN PROCD POUR L'HYDROLYSE ACIDE RAPIDE
DE
AMLIORATIONS CONCERNANT UN PROCD POUR L'HYDROLYSE ACIDE RAPIDE
DE
AMELIORATIONS CONCERNANT UN PROCEDE POUR L'HYDROLYSE ACIDE RAPIDE
DE
MATIERE LIGNOCELLULOSIQUE ET CONCERNANT UN REACTEUR D'HYDROLYSE
aperfeioamentos em processo de hidrlise cida rpida de material lignocelulsico e em
reator
de hidrlise
PROCESO DE HIDROLISIS ACIDA RAPIDA DE MATERIAL LIGNOCELULOSICO Y UN
REACTOR DE HIDROLISIS
AB - (WO200751269)
Improvements in a process for rapid acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material and in a

hydrolysis
reactor, said lignocellulosic material being fed in different levels of a reactor (10) and
contacted
with flows of lignin organic solvent, water and an extremely dilute solution of a strong
inorganic
acid, for obtaining a liquid phase of hydrolysis extract and a solid phase of non-reacted and
nondissolved
material. A controlled steam flow is injected into the different levels of the reactor (10),
so as to provide adequate temperatures of organic solvent and strong inorganic acid and
forming
the desired products (sugars). A flow of the liquid phase is recirculated in different levels of
the
reactor (10), the remainder thereof being withdrawn from the reactor (10), abruptly cooled
with
the solvent submitted to evaporation to obtain a concentrate. The lignin is transferred by
decantation and the concentrate is transferred to subsequent process steps.
DS - (EP1945823)
DE SE
DS - (WO200751269)
AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ
EC
EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM GT HN HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KN KP KR KZ LA
LC
LK LR LS LT LU LV LY MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MY MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH
PL
PT RO RS RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SV SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN
ZA
ZM ZW
MC
FD - (CN101223288)
PCT PN: WO2007/051269 20070510 [WO200751269]
PCT PAP: PCT/BR2006/000239 20061031 [2006WO-BR00239]
PR - 2005BR-0005212 20051101
2006WO-BR00239 20061031
IN - HILST ANTONIO GERALDO PROENCA
PA - DE DINI BASIC INDUSTRIES [machine translation]
DEDINI S A IND DE BASE

DENDINI S A IND DE BASE
HILST ANTONIO GERALDO PROENCA
PA0 - DEDINI S/A. INDSTRIAS DE BASE; / Rodovia Rio Claro - Piracicaba - Km 26,3,
Bairro Cruz
Caiada, 13412-900 Piracicaba - SP (BR) (except US)
HILST, Antonio Geraldo Proena; / Rua Flix de Lavalle, 161, Bairro Nova Piracicaba,
13405-
148 Piracicaba (BR) (only US)
ResumendePatenteempresaPetroBras.Brasil
PN - WO2008065433 A1 20080605 [WO200865433]

AP : 2007WO-GB04618 20071130
BRPI0605017 A 20080715 [BR200605017]
AP : 2006BR-0005017 20061130
TI - PROCESS FOR THE FERMENTATIVE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM SOLID
LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL COMPRISING A STEP OF TREATING A SOLID
LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL WITH ALKALINE SOLUTION IN ORDER TO REMOVE
THE
LIGNIN
OTI - (WO200865433)
PROCD POUR LA PRODUCTION FERMENTATIVE D'THANOL PARTIR D'UNE
MATIRE LIGNOCELLULOSIQUE SOLIDE COMPRENANT UNE TAPE DE
TRAITEMENT
D'UNE MATIRE LIGNOCELLULOSIQUE SOLIDE PAR UNE SOLUTION ALCALINE AFIN
D'LIMINER LA LIGNINE
processo para a produo de etanol a partir de materiais lignocelulsicos por via enzimtica
AB - (WO200865433)
agroindustrial waste materials composed of lignocellulose, and especially sugar cane
bagasse.
These residues have significant contents of carbohydrates in the form of polysaccharides
(cellulose and hemicellulose), which can be hydrolysed by chemical and enzymic processes.
The hemicellulose fraction is submitted to mild hydrolysis with sulphuric acid, and the solid
material from this hydrolysis is submitted to a process of saccharif ication (enzymic
hydrolysis)
with simultaneous rapid alcoholic fermentation under conditions which allow a significant
increase in conversion to alcohol in a greatly shortened time.
DS - (WO200865433)
AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BH BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK
DM
DO DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM GT HN HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KN
KP
KR KZ LA LC LK LR LS LT LU LY MA MD ME MG MK MN MW MX MY MZ NA NG NI NO
NZ
OM PG PH PL PT RO RS RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SV SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG
US
UZ VC VN ZA ZM ZW
MC
PR - 2006BR-0005017 20061130
IN - SANTA ANNA LIDIA MARIA MELO; PEREIRA NEI; GOMES ABSAI DA CONCEICAI;
28/08/08 1 16*55*44
PA - BENSON JOHN EVERETT
GOMES ABSAI DA CONCEICAI
PEREIRA NEI
SANTA ANNA LIDIA MARIA MELO
PA0 - PETROLEO BRASILEIRO S.A.-PETROBRAS; / Av Republica do Chile, No. 65, CEP20031-912
Rio de Janeiro, RJ (BR) (as-indicated)
BENSON, John, Everett; / 14 South Square, Gray's Inn (GB) (as-indicated)
SANTA'ANNA, Lidia, Maria, Melo; / Rua Condominio Vale de Itaipu, Rua 03, Casa 332,
Itaipu
(BR) (only US)
PEREIRA, Nei; / Rua Humberlo de Campos, No.410, Ap.503, Leblon (BR) (only US)
GOMES, Absai, Da Conceiai; / Rua Himalaia, No. 396, Anchieta, CEP-21655-330 Rio de
Janeiro, RJ (BR) (only US)
VASQUES, Mariana, Penuela; / Centro de Technologia - BI. C, Cidade Univesitaria, Ilha do
Fundao (BR) (only US)
28/08/08 2 16*55*44
Anexo3Artculoscientficos.
Artculos publicados sobre temas relacionados con la obtencin de etanol a partir de

residuoslignocelulsicos.
1. Thermoset phenolic matrices reinforced with unmodified and

surfacegrafted furfuryl alcohol sugar cane bagasse and curaua
fibers: properties of fibers and composites. Trindade, W G /
Hoareau,W/Megiatto,JD/Razera,IAT/Castellan,A/Frollini,E
, Biomacromolecules, 6 (5), p.24852496, Sep 2005 Composites
based on phenolic matrices and unmodified and chemically
modifiedsugarcanebagasseandcurauafiberswereprepared.The
fibers were oxidized by chlorine dioxide, mainly phenolic syringyl
andguaiacylunitsoftheligninpolymer,followedby...
2. Hoareau, W. / Trindade, W.G. / Siegmund, B. / Castellan, A. /

Frollini, E. , Polymer Degradation and Stability, 86 (3), p.567576,
Dec 2004 Sugar cane bagasse and curaua acidolysis lignins were
usedtogetabetterunderstandingofthemechanisminvolvedina
new chemical modification of sugar cane bagasse and curaua
fibres, consisting in a selective oxidation of lignin by...Sugar cane
bagasse and curaua lignins oxidized by chlorine dioxide and
reactedwithfurfurylalcohol:characterization...
3. ThermoMechanicalBehaviorofPoly(vinylalcohol)andSugarcane
Bagasse Composites. attivita' di ricerca [10K] Sep 2007 attivit di
ricercaArticoloinrivistaAutoriE.Chiellini,P.Cinelli,R.Solaro,M.
LausTitoloThermoMechanicalBehaviorofPoly(vinylalcohol)and
Sugarcane Bagasse Composites Anno 2004 Lingua Inglese Rivista
J.Appl.Polym.Sci. Volume 92 Pagina iniziale 426 Pagina finale 432
Numero
http://brett.adm.unipi.it/cgi
bin/virmap/vmibo?doc_pub...]Perspectivassobrelaproduccinde
Bioetanol en Mxico http: //www.ciatej.net.mx/ Centro de
AsistenciaenTecnologayDiseodeJalisco.
4. Planeacin estratgica de la agroindustria azucarera mexicana

para la produccin de biocombustibles. Colegios de
Postgraduados.Mxico.
5.
Evaluation of inoculum of Candida guilliermondii grown in
presenceofglucoseonxylosereductaseandxylitoldehydrogenase
activities and xylitol production during batch fermentation of
sugarcanebagassehydrolysate.daSilva,DboraDanielleVirgnio/
dasGraasdeAlmeidaFelipe,Maria/deMancilha,IsmaelMaciel/
da Silva, Slvio Silvrio , Applied biochemistry and biotechnology,
121124, p.427437, Apr 2005 The effect of glucose on xylose
xylitolmetabolisminfermentationmediumconsistingofsugarcane
bagasse hydrolysate was evaluated by employing an inoculum
of...56 g/g) and productivity (0.46 g/[L.h]) after 48 h of
fermentation.

6.
7.
Estudo de recuperao xilitol produzido por fermentao do

hidrolisadodebagaodecanadeaucarutilizandozeolitas.Study
... Tihany Morita Antero dos Santos , Dec 2004 ...produced by
fermentation of the hidrolisate one of bagasse of sugar caneof
sugar...Xilitol , Fermentation , Separation...is a sugar alcohol with
large...production from the fermentation of hemicellulosic...sugar
canebagassehydrolysate...
PotentialforreductionofalcoholproductioncostsinBrazilRosa,
L.P./Tolmasquim,M.T./Arouca,M.C.,Energy,23(11),p.987995,
Nov 1998 ...hydrated alcohol) but also...The use of bagasse as a
woodsubsdtute...method for fermentation and (iii) the use of
bagasse as fuel...juice and bagasse. In distelle...or syrup
fermentationatindependent...hydratedalcohol(96GL)and...
8.
Optimized extraction by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide

reversed micelles of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase
from Candida guilliermondii homogenate. Cortez, Ely Vieira /
Pessoa,Adalberto/dasGraasdeAlmeidaFelipe,Maria/Roberto,
Ins Conceio / Vitolo, Michele , Journal of chromatography. B,
Analyticaltechnologiesinthebiomedicalandlifesciences,807(1),
p.4754, Jul 2004 The intracellular enzymes xylose reductase (XR,
EC 1.1.1.21) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XD, EC 1.1.1.9) from
Candida guilliermondii, grown in sugar cane bagasse hydrolysate,
wereseparatedbyreversedmicellesofcetyltrimethylammonium
bromide(CTAB)
9.
A survey of potential health and safety hazards of commercial

scale ethanol production facilities [PDF8MB] Sep 2004 3 4456
0452033 5 ORML4TM7817 Contract No. W7405eng26 Health
and Safety Research D i v i s i o n Environmental Sciences
Division** In formation D iv i s i on* A SURVEY OF POTENTIAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS OF COMMERCIALSCALE ETHANOL
PRODUCTION FACILITIES A. P. Watson J. I;. Smith* J. L.
http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/1982/3445604520935.pd
10.
Poster Presentation 335 [9K] Mar 2002 Research and

development studies of alcohol fermentation technology have
beenconductedoverthelastdecadestomakealcoholproduction
more efficient. In this context there are clear advantages in using
surplusbagassefromethanolplantsasarawmaterialforthesame
end
product.
http://www.ct.ornl.gov/symposium/24th/index_files/post...]
11. NovelEthanolFermentationsfromSugarCaneandStrawHartley,
B.S./Shama,G.,PhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSociety
of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences (1934
1990),
321
(1561),
p.555568,
Apr
1987
doi:10.1098/rsta.1987.0032Most agree that it is ultimately
desirable to produce bulk chemicals such as ethanol from
renewable resources; the questions focus on `where', `when' and

`how'
12. Ethanol/waterpulpsfromsugarcanestrawandtheirbiobleaching
withxylanasefromBacilluspumilus.Moriya,ReginaY/Gonalves,
Adilson R / Duarte, Marta C T , Applied biochemistry and
biotechnology,137140(112),p.501513,Apr2007Theinfluence
ofindependentvariables(temperatureandtime)onthecookingof
sugar cane straw with ethanol/water mixtures was studied to
determine operating conditions that obtain pulp with high
cellulosecontentsandalowlignincontent.
13. Hydrolysis of Ammoniapretreated Sugar Cane Bagasse with

Cellulase,betaGlucosidase,andHemicellulasePreparations.Prior,
BernardA/Day,DonalF,Appliedbiochemistryandbiotechnology,
146 (13), p.151164, Mar 2008 Sugar cane bagasse consists of
hemicellulose (24%) and cellulose (38%), and bioconversion of
bothfractionstoethanolshouldbeconsideredforaviableprocess.
We have evaluated the hydrolysis of pretreated bagasse with
combinationsofcellulase,
14. Study of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using phosphoric

acidGamez,S./GonzalezCabriales,J.J./Ramirez,J.A./Garrote,G.
/ Vazquez, M. , Journal of Food Engineering, 74 (1), p.7888, May
2006 In the present work, samples of sugar cane bagasse were
hydrolysed with phosphoric acid under mild conditions (H"3PO"4
26%,time0300minand122ôC)tostudythefeasibilityofusing
theliquidphaseasfermentationmedia.Solidyield,...
15. Hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using nitric acid: a kinetic

assessmentRodriguezChong,A./AlbertoRamirez,J./Garrote,G.
/Vazquez,M.,JournalofFoodEngineering,61(2),p.143152,Feb
2004 Sugar cane bagasse was hydrolysed using nitric acid at
variable concentration (26%), reaction time (0300 min) and
temperature (100128 ôC). The concentration of sugars released
(xylose,glucoseandarabinose)anddegradationproducts...
16.
Modeling of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse with

hydrochloric acid. Bustos, Guadalupe / Ramrez, Jos Alberto /
Garrote, Gil / Vzquez, Manuel , Applied biochemistry and
biotechnology,104(1),p.5168,Jan2003Sugarcanebagassewas
hydrolyzedunderdifferentconcentrationsofhydrochloricacid(2
6%), reaction times (0300 min), and temperatures (100128
degrees C). Sugars obtained (xylose, glucose, arabinose, and
glucose)anddegradationproducts(furfural...
17. KineticstudyoftheacidhydrolysisofsugarcanebagasseAguilar,
R. / Ramrez, J.A. / Garrote, G. / Vazquez, M. , Journal of Food
Engineering, 55 (4), p.309318, Dec 2002 Economic interest in
xylitolproductioncanbeenhancediftheneededxylosesolutions
can be obtained from the hydrolysis of lowcost lignocellulosic
wastes. Sugar cane bagasse is a renewable, cheap and widely

availablewastein...
18. Measured kinetics of the acidcatalysed hydrolysis of sugar cane

bagassetoproducexyloseLavarack,B.P./Griffin,G.J./Rodman,D.
,CatalysisToday,63(2),p.257265,Dec2000Experimentaltrialsof
the water hydrolysis of bagasse to produce xylose, arabinose and
glucose were conducted using a temperaturecontrolled
microwave digester. The experimental variables were
temperature,ratioofwatermasstobagasse...
19. Hydrolysis of Cane Sugar by d and $l$Camphor$\beta \text{
Sulphonic}$AcidCaldwell,RobertJohn,ProceedingsoftheRoyal
Society of London (18541905), 74 (1), p.184187, Jan 1904
doi:10.1098/rspl.1904.0101The Royal Society is collaborating with
theRoyalSocietyofLondon.www.jstor
20. Studies of the Processes Operative in Solutions. XXI. The

HydrolysisofCaneSugarbyDiluteAcidsWorley,F.P.,Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a
MathematicalandPhysicalCharacter(19051934),87(599),p.555
563, Dec 1912 doi:10.1098/rspa.1912.0110The Royal Society is
collaboratingwithJSTORtodigitize,preserve,andextendaccessto
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing
PapersofaMathematicalandPhysicalCharacter.www.jstor.
21. Studies of the Processes Operative in Solutions. XXII. The

Hydrolysis of Cane Sugar by Sulphuric Acid; Also a Note on ...
Worley,F.P.,ProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.SeriesA,
ContainingPapersofaMathematicalandPhysicalCharacter(1905
1934),
87
(599),
p.563581,
Dec
1912
doi:10.1098/rspa.1912.0111TheRoyalSocietyiscollaboratingwith
the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a
MathematicalandPhysicalCharacter.www.jstor
22. Enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse by

steamexplosionpretreatment.Kling,SH/Neto,CC/Ferrara,MA
/ Torres, J C / Magalhaes, D B / Ryu, D D , Biotechnology and
bioengineering,29(8),p.10351039,Jun1987
23. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic material with fungi capable of

higher lignin degradation and lower carbohydrate degradation
improvessubstrateacidhydrolysisandtheeventualconversionto
ethanol.uhar,Sarika/Nair,LavanyaM/Kuhad,RameshChander,
Canadian journal of microbiology, 54 (4), p.305313, Apr 2008
Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus,and
fungal isolates RCK1 and RCK3 were tested for their lignin
degradation abilities when grown on wheat straw (WS) and
Prosopis juliflora (PJ) under solidstate cultivation conditions.
Fungalisolate
23.
24. Industrial Bioprocessing Alert. Polyethylene from Sugarcane

Ethanol Ammonia Biomass Hydrolysis Pretreatment Computer
Modeling A ... [35K] Nov 2007 Marrone Organic Innovations
obtains a portfolio of natural product pesticide candidates from
DuPont. Braskem will produce polyethylene sfrom sugarcane
ethanol in Brazil. Michigan State researchers continue to
investigate pretreatment of cellulose with ammonia before
hydrolysis.
Diversa
generates[https://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/marketservice
segm
25. BIOCONVERSION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL INTO BIOFUEL

(ETHANOL) PRETREATMENT, ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS, AND
ETHANOL FERMENTATION [PDF484K] Oct 2007 Biomass Refining
CAFI Auburn University Soaking in Aqueous Ammonia (SAA) for
Pretreatment of Corn Stover Tae Hyun Kim and Y. Y. Lee
Department of Chemical Engineering Auburn University AIChE
2004
Annual
Meeting
Austin,
TX.
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~thkim/publication/prese...]
26. BioetanolLignocelulsicoyswitchgrass
http://www.pnas.org/search?fulltext=switch+grass+bioethanol+lig
nocelulosic&submit=yes&go.x=5&go.y=7
1.1. InformacinnoPatente.
Se analizaron 26 artculos vinculados a usos en proyectos de investigacin e informacin

acadmicaresumidosenelANEXO3.
En la figura No.10, mostramos la cintica de publicacin de artculos cientficos en los
ltimos10aos.
FiguraNo.11.Publicacindeartculoscientficos.
De todos los artculos encontrados, el 65% fueron publicados en los ltimos 10 aos. Es
conveniente explicar que a su vez, se encontraron 3 artculos de principio de siglo XX
relacionados con la hidrlisis cida de la caa de azcar, publicados en eventos de la
revistaRoyalSocietyofLondon.
En la siguiente tabla se relaciona la cantidad de publicaciones por revistas y ao de

publicacin.
TablaNo.3.RelacindepublicacindeartculosporRevistas.
REVISTA
AppliedBiochemestryandBiotechnology
Cantidadde
Aodela
artculos
publicacin
2003
2005
2007
2008
2002
2004
2006
Biotechnology Bioengineering
1987
Catalysis Today
2000
Polymer Degradation and stability
2004
Applied Polymer Science
2004
Journal of Chromatography
2004
Biomacromolecules
2005
Canadian Journal of Microbiotechnology
2008
Journal of Food Engineering
Ntesequelaslagamaderevistaquehanpublicadosobreestetemaesampliaylaque
mspublicacionestienen,sonlaAppliedBiochemestryandBiotechnologyylaJournalof
FoodEngineering,dospublicacionesdealtoimpactoenlacomunidadcientfica.
Acontinuacin,enlatablaNo4ylafiguraNo11relacionamoslasinstitucionesquems
publicaciones han generado en los ltimos 10 aos. Se observa como las universidades
Brasileas acaparan el 30% del total de artculos, y las otras instituciones pertenecen a
pasesproductoresdeazcarapartirdelacaa,conexcepcindeEspaa.
FiguraNo.12.DistribucinporpaseseInstitucionesdeartculoscientficos
publicados.
Tabla No.4. Distribucin por pases e Instituciones de artculos cientficos
publicados.
INSTITUCIN
Pas
Cantidadde
publicaciones
Universidad de Lorena
Brasil
Universidad de Sao Pablo
Universidad Estadual de Campina
Universidad Federal de Ro de Janeiro
Universidad Auburn Texas
E.U.A
1
1
Instituto del Azcar de Los Angerles

Universidad de Tamulipas
Mxico
Universidad Santiago de Compostela
Espaa
Instituto de Investigaciones azucareras de Australia
Australia
Universidad de Delhi
India
Enelprocesoderecuperacindeinformacin,quedevidenciadoquelamayorcantidad
de informacin disponible se encuentra en los sitios de informacin cientficotcnica y
comercial de los pases con mayor volumen de exportacin de bioetanol, tomaremos a
Brasilcomoejemploporserelmayorexportadoranivelmundialdeetanolapartirdecaa
deazcaryalosEstadosUnidoscomoelmayorproductordeetanolapartirdemaz.
1.1.1. Brasil.
En Brasil el 45% de los carburantes que se

usanparaeltransporteprovienendelacaa
de azcar. El 1% de la tierra cultivable
produce casi el 50% del combustible que se
consumeenelpas",aseguraMarcosS.Jank,
presidente de la Asociacin de la Industria
Brasilea de la Caa de Azcar (UNICA). La
cosecha no cesa durante los 12 meses del
ao ya que existen variedades de caa
adaptadasalascondicionesclimticasdelas
pocassecasydelluvias.
Enestosmomentosseestimplementandoenloscentralesyrefinerasdeazcaryalcohol
de Brasil una nueva tecnologa desarrollada en el Centro de Tecnologa (CTC) de la
Cooperativa de Productores de Caa, Azcar y Alcohol del Estado de So Paulo
(Copersucar)dePiracicabaydelgrupoempresarialDEDINI,unodelosmayoresfabricantes
demquinaseimplementosparaelsectordeazcaryalcohol.Estatecnologaescapazde
hacercrecerlaproduccindealcoholalrededordeun30%sinnecesidaddeplantarniuna
caa ms. Esto es resultado del aprovechamiento total de la biomasa de la caa, ms
precisamente del bagazo. Estos investigadores consiguieron comprobar que es posible
fabricar alcohol etlico (etanol) carburante partiendo del bagazo de la caa, mediante un
proceso denominado Dedini Hidrlisis Rpida (DHR). El proceso DHR podr suministrar
alcohol a costos competitivos, utilizando una materia prima ya existente y liberando ms
caldodecaaparalaproduccindeazcar.
La tecnologa est formada por un reactor, que opera a una presin de entre 25 y 27
kg/cm2yaunatemperaturaprximaalos190grados,escontinuamentealimentadacon
bagazoyconunhidrosolventeorgnico(etanol,preferentemente,peseaqueotros,como
laacetona,elcidoacticoyelmetanolpuedentambinemplearse)mezcladoconcido
sulfrico. Esa mezcla har la transformacin de la celulosa presente en el bagazo en
glucosa. En seguida, el jarabe de glucosa es purificado, para retirar las sustancias
indeseables,principalmenteelcidosulfrico,yrecibelaadicindenutrientes,resultando
en un mosto fermentable que se mezclar al caldo y a la melaza utilizada normalmente
paralafabricacindelalcohol.Elrestodelprocesofermentacinydestilacinesrealizado
enlasinstalacionesyaexistentes.
LagranventajadelprocesoDHRessurapidez,segncriteriodelingenieroqumicoAntnio
Hilst, consultor de Dedini que invent la tcnica, la cual queda protegida en una patente
quehicimosreferenciaenelacpite4.1Patente.Latransformacinseproduceenapenas
diez minutos, en cuanto que los procesos clsicos de hidrlisis que recurren a cidos
concentradosodiluidosdemoranporlomenoscincohoras.Elbagazopermanecedentro
del reactor el tiempo necesario para que se produzca la disolucin de la lignina y la
hidrlisisdelacelulosallegandoaunrendimientodealrededordeun60%sobreelazcar
contenido en el bagazo lo cual garantizar una fermentacin y una destilacin
completamenteviablesdesdeelpuntodevistaeconmico.
Laglucosaestansolounadelassustanciasresultantesdelbeneficiado.Almargendesta,
seextraendelbagazootrossubproductos,comoelmetanol,elcidoactico,laligninayel
furfural,cuyousocomercialpodrelevaranmslarentabilidaddelproceso.
1.1.2. EstadosUnidos
Entre los artculos encontrados comentaremos el del

cientficoJayJ.ChengelcualesprofesordelaUniversidad
NCState,enCarolinadelNorte.Esteartculocontemplael
estudioenergticodel switchgrass ,untipodepastoque
habitualmenteestdestinadoalaalimentacindelganado
yquehoyesconsideradodemenorimpactoambientalque
laproduccindemaz.Chengmanifiestaqueparaexplotar
el switch grass no es necesario tener una tierra frtil;
porque crece en cualquier superficie. Un informe cientfico publicado por la revista
ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences muestraqueel switchgrass produce
msdeenergaquelaqueserequiereparaprocesarloenlaobtencindeetanol.
Unadelasventajasdeestepastoesqueabsorbedeldixidodecarbonodelaatmsfera
durantesucrecimiento.Aunqueeldesarrollodeestafuenteestmenosavanzadaqueel
de los cereales, es una energa viable. Por eso, hay grupos de investigacin en el mundo
que alientan los estudios del switch grass y de los materiales lignocelulsicos: residuos
agrcolas, agroindustriales y forestales. Por otro lado, Cheng colabora con la Universidad
PontificiaCatlicadeEcuadorenunproyectodirigidoporelcientficoJavierCarvajal,jefe
del rea de levaduras del Laboratorio de Bioqumica dedicado a impulsar los estudios de
materialeslignocelulsicos.Suequipoestproduciendo,aescaladelaboratorio,etanol a
partir de papel reciclado. Decidieron utilizar papel, porque en la Universidad ya existe un
proyectollamadodeReciclajeproAmbientepararecogerelpapelyelcartngeneradoen
las oficinas. Seala que el rendimiento energtico de la produccin de etanol a partir de
maz,enEE.UU.es,enelmejordeloscasos,del25%.Esosignificaqueseobtienemenos
energadelainvertida.Encambio,coneletanollignocelulsico,elrendimientoesdel45%,
esdecir,seobtienemsenergadelaqueseinvierte.JavierCarvajaldicequeenelfuturo
no solo se buscar obtener etanol del papel, sino de desechos vegetales que hay en
abundancia: desechos de pltano, palmito y de caa de azcar. Incluso de los desechos
urbanosyaclasificados.Eletanoldemazcontabilizapequeasemisionesdegasesefecto
invernadero,loquenoocurreconelobtenidoapartirdeletanoldelacelulosa.
ElcientficoChengsealaqueelCongresoestadounidenseaprobunaleyparaquela
produccindeetanollignocelulsicolleguea1000millonesdegaloneshastael2020.Dice
quehayuninterscrecienteporestudiarloms.[ProceedingsofNationalAcademyofScience,2008]
Porotrolado,lacompaaespaolaAbengoaBioenergahalogradoproduciretanolapartir
debiomasaensuplantapilotosituadaenelestadodeNebraska(EstadosUnidos),donde
ha invertido ms de 35 millones de dlares. La planta se dedicar a la investigacin y
desarrollo de los procesos de produccin de biocombustible a partir de biomasa
lignocelulsica, la materia prima orgnica ms abundante en la tierra y forma parte del
acuerdofirmadoconelDOE(MinisteriodeEnerga estadounidense)en2003.Ubicadaen
las instalaciones de produccin de etanol de Abengoa Bioenerga en York (Nebraska), la
planta piloto de la empresa espaola investigar y probar una tecnologa patentada de
conversindebiomasaaetanolparasuusoanivelcomercial,noseofrecendetallessobre
latecnologareferida,aunquepornuestrainvestigacinAbegonopresentapatentessobre
eltema.Lasinnovacionestecnolgicasobtenidassepondrnenprcticaenlabiorrefinera
debiomasaqueAbengoaBioenergaestconstruyendoenKansasyqueserpioneraensu
gnero.
La planta piloto inaugurada por Abengoa Bioenerga en Estados Unidos es nica en su

gnero;servirdeplataformaparalapruebadenuevosequipos,sistemasycatalizadores
necesarios para descomponer varios compuestos orgnicos y procesarlos, como materias
herbceasyleosas,optimizandoenvariosprocesosdeobtencindeetanol.Sertambin
un ncleo de investigacin y de capacitacin para otros equipos dentro de Abengoa
Bioenerga mientras la empresa evala y prueba productos adicionales, equipos y otros
procesos en cuyo diseo se est trabajando actualmente para mejorar los procesos
orgnicosdebiomasa.
Adems,duranteeltranscursodelacto,JavierSalgadohaanunciadoquehafirmadoun
contratodecolaboracinconelDepartamentodeEnergadeEstadosUnidos(DOE)por
importede38millonesdedlaresparaeldiseoydesarrollodelaprimeraplantamundial
aescalacomercialdeproduccindeetanolapartirdebiomasaenHugoton,Kansas.
Estaplantadebiomasaprocesar700toneladasmtricasdebiomasaaldaparaproducir
anualmente44millonesdelitrosdeetanol,ademsdeotrasformasdeenergarenovable
enformadeelectricidadyvapor.Laplantadebiomasatendranexaunaplantadeetanol
convencionalapartirdecerealde88millonesdegalones(msde300millonesdelitros),
que permitir a ambas disfrutar de las sinergias de una capacidad combinada de 100
millonesdegalones(msde400millonesdelitros).Lainversinconjuntasuperarlos300
millones de dlares. Abengoa Bioenerga presente en Estados Unidos, Brasil y Europa,
invertir ms de 500 millones de dlares en los prximos cinco aos en su programa

tecnolgicodeproduccindeetanolapartirdebiomasalignocelulsica.

Compitec

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Compitec

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Resumen

Existe un auge de proyectos e inversiones relacionados con el tema ya que se ha

En este trabajo nos proponemos poner a disposicin de los clientes, un paquete

Conjugar la informacin de patentes, la informacin cientfico comercial, y los criterios y

Estado Actual de la Tcnica sobre produccin de etanol a partir de residuos

establecer, lo ms real posible, el estado actual de la tcnica relacionada con el tema en

Sin embargo, el bioetanol producido a travs de residuos lignocelulsicos tiene

El pretratamiento utilizado tradicionalmente para eliminar la lignina es muy

El costo de inversin para una planta de produccin de bioetanol a partir de

A continuacin, en la figura No.3, se muestra el contenido de azcares en los residuos

Las celulosas no pueden ser fermentadas directamente, es necesario convertirla en

la celulosa y la hemicelulosa del residuo en azcares sencillos y transformarlos en etanol

La hidrlisis enzimtica presenta ventajas frente a la hidrlisis qumica, como menores

La bsqueda realizada, conjugando las diferentes estrategias, arroj como resultado 61

Ntese como la generacin de patentes est centralizada en los pases desarrollados

Figura No.7. Distribucin por Temas en los documentos recuperados de

Utilizando la informacin brindada por los documentos de patentes entre el origen y el

En la figura No 10 se muestra la relacin de titulares por patentes. Se observa como

Se analizaron 26 artculos vinculados a usos en proyectos de investigacin e informacin

En la siguiente tabla se relaciona la cantidad de publicaciones por revistas y ao de

Polymer Degradation and stability

Applied Polymer Science

Canadian Journal of Microbiotechnology

Journal of Food Engineering

Tabla No.4. Distribucin por pases e Instituciones de artculos cientficos

Universidad de Sao Pablo

Universidad Estadual de Campina

Universidad Federal de Ro de Janeiro

Universidad Auburn Texas

Instituto del Azcar de Los Angerles

Universidad Santiago de Compostela

Instituto de Investigaciones azucareras de Australia

En Brasil el 45% de los carburantes que se

Entre los artculos encontrados comentaremos el del

La planta piloto inaugurada por Abengoa Bioenerga en Estados Unidos es nica en su

Unidos, abarcando muchos aspectos relacionados con la produccin

o Las revistas Applied Biochemestry and Biotechnology y la Journal

of Food Engineering, fueron las que ms artculos han publicado

Resumen de las patentes recuperadas sobre obtencin de alcohol a partir de

METHOD AND 20070730

DALE BRUCE E; UNIVMICHIGANSTATE

L; PASZNER LASZLO CHANG

LYND LEE R; DARTMOUTHCOLLEGE

PN - WO2007051269 A1 20070510 [WO200751269]

LIGNOCELLULOSEMATERIAL UND BEI EINEM HYDROLYSEREAKTOR

Improvements in a process for rapid acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material and in a

PN - WO2008065433 A1 20080605 [WO200865433]

VASQUES MARIANA PENUELA

Artculos publicados sobre temas relacionados con la obtencin de etanol a partir de

1. Thermoset phenolic matrices reinforced with unmodified and

2. Hoareau, W. / Trindade, W.G. / Siegmund, B. / Castellan, A. /

4. Planeacin estratgica de la agroindustria azucarera mexicana

Estudo de recuperao xilitol produzido por fermentao do

Optimized extraction by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide

A survey of potential health and safety hazards of commercial

Poster Presentation 335 [9K] Mar 2002 Research and

renewable resources; the questions focus on `where', `when' and

13. Hydrolysis of Ammoniapretreated Sugar Cane Bagasse with

14. Study of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using phosphoric

15. Hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using nitric acid: a kinetic

Modeling of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse with

wastes. Sugar cane bagasse is a renewable, cheap and widely

18. Measured kinetics of the acidcatalysed hydrolysis of sugar cane