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Introduction
Points to be considered in the selection of animals for breeding
The females should possess a long preferably low set body, roomy hind
quarter, well-formed pliable udder, active foraging habit and good mothering
instinct.
The females having poor milking capacity, over short or undershort jaw,
broken mouth, blind teat and meaty udder should be disqualified from the
breeding programme.
Wide roomy hind quarter with good space between inner aspects of two
thighs gives an indication about future development of udder.
It will be better, if the goats can be purchased from a best farm or from an
individual farmer who maintained the goats in a best manner, instead of
getting the goats from weekly shandies.
Soft and shiny skinned goats should be selected and this indicates the health
of the animal.
Animals with broader back and rump regions will be better. Broad back and
rib cages indicates that, goat having better feed intake capacity. Whereas
broad rump region indicates better breeding characters.
The female should have the maternal character of protecting her kid and with
better milk feeding abilities.
The udder should be thoroughly checked for any kind of defects before
purchase.
Breeding too young goats result in more weakling and thus results in higher
kid loss.
Body weight of a doe at breeding should normally be less than the adult body
weight of that breed.
The libido of the buck is very important to achieve desirable breeding. Poor
libido may result from inadequate feeding, extreme heat stress or ill-health.
Tail wagging
Seeking male
Frequent bleating
The males are attracted by smell, sight and sound and exhibit
following behavior
Sniff the vulva
Extending neck with curling of upper lip
Biting the side of the doe and wool pulling
Paw the doe raising and lowering of one front leg in a stiff legged striking
motion
Mount and mate
Identification of goat in heat
Using an intact male
The male is allowed in the flock to identify the estrous animals.
There is a chance of the buck will mate the doe if it is not controlled properly.
Preparation of Female
Flushing
This increases the ovulation rate, so that the number of twins and triplets
increase.
Flushing will have effect only if the ewes were in declining phase of
nutritional availability.
Does in better body condition will produce more kids thus the flushing of
leaner does will increase the fertility by way of increasing incident of estrous,
increase ovulation rate and decreases the early embryonic mortality by
strengthening the fetal membrane integrity.
Flushing can be done by supplementing 250 g of concentrate daily or 500 g
of good quality legume hay per head per day.
Flushing increases the kidding rate by 10 to 20 per cent.
Goats which do not return to estrus after 2 cycles are considered as pregnant
and should be separated from the dry, non pregnant flock. They should be
kept in a group of not more than 15 to 20 does to avoid infighting.
If they have no kidding for complete one, year they should be removed from
flock.
Efforts should always be made to avoid kidding during the peak winter
season which can be practically achieved by a planned breeding avoiding
summer season within a specified period between 15th may to 15th June.
This will save the kids from cold susceptibility and resultant pneumonic death
during winter.
Avoid starvation of goat since even two days starvation period early in
pregnancy can cause a high percentage of shed embryos to be absorbed.