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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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Contents of Presentation
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
Contents of Presentation
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Vehicle Body
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Suspension
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Wheelset
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
Stiffness Characteristics
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Non-Linear
Force
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BDisplacement
Linear
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Force
Linear
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Non-Linear
Velocity
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
Friction Characteristic
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Force
True Force
Ideal Force
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Velocity
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Hysteresis Loops
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Displacement
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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Bc
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Effect of Damping
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1.0
(m/s2)2/Hz
0.1
0.01
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0.001
fB
200%
100%
50%
20%
0.0001
v
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5%
0.00001
10
12
Frequency (Hz)
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
Series Stiffness
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Two-axle Vehicle
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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2 Stage Suspension
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
Effect of Bogies
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Longitudinal
Vertical / Bounce
Pitch
Lower Sway
Upper Sway
Yaw
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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Bounce Mode
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Pitch Mode
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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Sway Modes
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Lower Sway
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Upper Sway
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
Yaw Mode
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Yaw Mode
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
Lower Sway
Yaw
Bounce
Pitch
Upper Sway
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0.6Hz
0.9Hz
1.0Hz
1.4Hz
1.6Hz
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Contents of Presentation
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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Guide Post
Sleeve
Bearing
Rubber
Bush
Viscous Damper
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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Pusher
Clearance
Tare Spring
Laden Spring
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Axlebox
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Spring Carrier
Lenoir Link
Friction Surfaces
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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RL
RR
m1RL
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m1RR
FL FR
m2FL m2FR
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Fc
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Surge Pipe
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Surge
Reservoir
Damping Orifice
Air Spring
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Series Stack
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
Contents of Presentation
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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Track A
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Track B
fB
Vehicle
Suspension
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Track C
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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ISO 2631-1:1997
Basic Evaluation Method
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1/ 4
T 4
VDV a w t dt
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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Machinery Directives
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Previous Limits
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5-minute sections
Weighted rms - sixty 5-second blocks
95th percentile (57th highest)
Combine directions
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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0.1 Hz
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1 Hz
10 Hz
100 Hz
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0.1
LOG
0. 01
0.001
ive
0.0001
0.00001
0.1 Hz
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1 Hz
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LOG Freq
10 Hz
100 Hz
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
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Lateral
Carbody Acceleration
Discrete Events
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Ym
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..
Yp
time
2 seconds
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
Curvature (1/km)
Curve Transitions
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Passenger Activities
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Reading
Writing
Sitting
Drinking
Standing
Walking
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Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
CUMULATIVE PROBABILITY
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0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
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Reading
Writing
Sitting
Drinking
Standing
Walking
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PASSENGER RATING
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Acceleration Frequencies
Activity
Sitting
Drinking
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Spillage
Standing
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Writing
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1.0 - 20
3.3 - 3.95
0.2 - 2.0
1.0 - 20
Page 24
Suspension Systems
University of Birmingham
Summary of Presentation
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