Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Habit
Description
Systematic Theology
Needs to be demonstrated
Demonstrates conclusions
like knowledge
Directs action
like prudence
Intelligentia
Self-sufficient understanding
Scientia
Knowledge
Sapientia
Wisdom
Prudentia
Prudence
Ars
Art
See Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics 6, especially 6.3 (), 6.4 (), 6.5 (), 6.6 (), and 6.7 () [= Bekker, pp. 1139b-1141b].
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Philosophy
Greek
Translations Description
Example
ousia / ti esti
what is it?
substance,
essence
man,
horse
poson
quantity
poion
quality
white,
grammatical
pros ti
relation
double,
half,
greater
pou
place
pote
time
yesterday,
last year
keisthai
position
lying,
sitting
echein
state,
possession,
having
shod (has-shoes-on),
armed
poiein
action,
doing
to lance,
to cauterize
paschein
affection,
passivity
to be lanced,
to be cauterized
how much?
what kind?
in relation to what?
where?
when?
to lie
to have
to make,
to do
to suffer,
to undergo
Categories 4, 1b25-2a4; Topics I.9, 103b20-25; other passages contain lists of eight, six, five, or four of the
ten, focusing especially on the first four. 2 Smith, Robin. Logic. The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle. Ed.
Jonathan Barnes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 55-56.
1
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Philosophy
External
Efficient Cause Directive
The process by which materials are made into something, by which it moves
or makes something; the agents actions that produce or move something
(the object or process producing the object).
e.g., the sculptor and his sculpting
Internal
Material Cause Concrete
That for which, or that on account of which, a thing came into being, the goal for
which things evolve, or the end of some process or activity (the telic cause). This
is the most important cause.
e.g., the decorative element
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<>
Excess
Mean
Deficiency
Rashness
Courage
Cowardice
Licentiousness
Temperance
Insensibility
Liberality
Illiberality / Meanness
thrasuts
akolasia
Prodigality
astia
Vulgarity
apeirokalia, banausia
Vanity
Indignation
sphrosun
eleutheriots
Magnificence
deilia
anaisthsia
aneleutheria
Pettiness
megaloprepeia
mikroprepeia
megalopsuchia
Magnanimity
Pusillanimity
Ambition
Proper ambition
Unambitiousness
Irascibility
Patience
Lack of spirit
Boastfulness
Truthfulness
Understatement
Wittiness
Boorishness
Friendliness
Cantankerousness
Shyness
Modesty
Shamelessness
Envy
Righteous indignation
Malicious enjoyment
philotimia
orgilots
alazoneia
Buffoonery
bmolochia
areskeia
Flattery
kolakeia
Shame
andreia
chaunots
Obsequiousness
Social conduct
Philosophy
kateplxis
phthonos
...
praots
altheia
eutrapelia
philia (?)
aids
nemesis
mikropsuchia
aphilotimia
aorgsia
eirneia
agroikia
duskolia (duseris)
anaischuntia
epichairekakia
Chart based on: Aristotle. The Nicomachean Ethics (Penguin Classics). Ed. Hugh Tredennick. Trans. J. A. K. Thomson.
New York: Penguin Classics, 2003. pp. 285-286. Illustration of rashness, courage, and cowardice modified from: Baird, Forrest E.
Ancient Philosophy (Philosophic Classics, Volume I--4th Edition). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2002.
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