RED NOTES 2001-2002

MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS IN

POLITICAL LAW
SUBJECTS
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I
State Immunity

Waiver of State Immunity

Waiver of immunity by State/liability
Act No. 3083 Sec 7
Immunity from suit of President
Forms of Consent
Suits against Government Agencies
Delegation of Power
Division of national territory (Art.1 Sec. 1;
Sec. 22 Art 2; Sec 15 Art. 10
Archipelagic Doctrine
Doctrine of incorporation (Sec. 2 Art 2)
Art II Sec. 8
Art. II Sec.14 cor Art XIII Sec. 14
Art. II Sec. 13 Patriotism and Nationalism
Policy of transparency in matters of Public
interest
Art II Sec 28, Art III Sec 7, Art VI Sec 20
Art XI Sec 17, Art XII Sec 21
State policy on working women, ecology,
symbols of statehood, cultural minorities,
science and tech.
Art. V Sec. 2
Provisions institutionalizing people power- Art
VI Sec. 1, Art XIII Sec. 15
Art VI Sec 6- House of Representatives
Conflict of interest (Sec. 12,Art 6)
Incompatible office (Sec. 13, Art 6)
Art VI Sec. 17- House/ senate Electoral
Tribunal
Emergency powers of the President (Sec.
23(2) Art VI)
Appropriation [Art VI Sec. 25(5)]- transfer of
savings
Automatic re-appropriation [Art VI Sec. 25(7)]
Veto Power
Bills, law without Pres. Signature Art VI Sec
27 (1)
Tariff Power Art VI Sec 28(2)
Art. VI Sec 29(1) Appropriation Law
Expenditure of public funds for priest (Art VI
Sec. 29(2))
Congress- Non-legislative powers
HOR active part in foreign rel/treaties

POLITICAL LAW

INCLUSIVE
YEARS

FREQUENCY

TOTAL

1987
1989
1999
1992
1991
1997
1989
1997
1999
1999
1989
1996

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1

1989
1997
1988
1987
1987
1989
2000

1
1
1
1
1
2

1
1
1
1
1
2

1994
2000

1987
1987
2000
1989
1998
1998
1987

1
2

1
2

1
1
1
1

1
1
1

1990
1998
1997

1
1
1

3
1

1998

1998
1991
1991

1
1
1

1
1
1

1999
1988
1992

1
1
1

1997

1988
1996

1
1

1
1

RED NOTES 2001-2002

Appointing Power of the President Art VII Sec
16
Presidents Power to suspend privilege of writ
of Habeas Corpus/proclaim Martial Law
Habeas corpus (Sec. 18 Art VII; Sec. 13 Art.
III)
Pardoning Power of President (Art VII Sec.
19)

1999

1987
2000
1997

1988

1997
1995
1999
1999
1999
1999
1997
1993
1994

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

4
1
1
1
1
1
1

1999

1996

1988

1
1
2

3
2

Political question doctrine (Sec 1 Art 8)

Judicial review (Sec. 1 Art 8)
Standing (judicial review); taxpayers suit
Judicial review, scope, 1935, 1973, 1987
Requirements of judicial review

1992
1999
2000
1989
1992
1997
1995
1995
1994
1994

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

2
1
1
1
1
1

n Banc Cases Sec 4(2) Art VIII

1999

Pro hac vice (meaning)

1999

Art VIII Sec 5(5)- Constitutional writ of

Amparo in Mexican Law
Art VIII Sec. 8(1)

1991

1988

Judicial and Bar Council- Art VI Sec 8 (1)

Composition And term of office
Art VIII Sec 8(4)

1999

1988

Art VIII Sec 11- Power to remove lower court

judges
PUBLIC OFFICER
hold-over (Sec 11 art 8 Constitution)

1988

1996

1993
1996

1
1

2
1

1989
1996

1
1

1
1

1999
1999
1998

1
1
1

1
1
1

Pardoning Power of President limitations

Pardon vs. Amnesty
Effects of Pardon
Conditional pardon
Amnesty for rebels
Role of Senate on intl agreement, President
to contract foreign loans (Sec. 20,21 Art VII)
Borrowing Power of the President Art VII Sec
20
Constitutionality of bills re: public utility and
treaty commission (Sec. 21 Art VII)
Constitutionality of bills re: public utility and
treaty commission (Sec. 21 Art VII)
(continuation)
Independence of the Judiciary
Art VIII Sec 1- judicial Power

Right to retirement to pay, exempt from

execution
Art VIII Sec 15 (4)
Commutation of penalty by Pres. (Sec 16 Art
VIII)
Constitutional Commissions
-Rotational Scheme
Inhibitions/disqualification- constitutional
commissions- Common

POLITICAL LAW

RED NOTES 2001-2002

Civil service Commission
-security of Tenure
-Scope of the Civil service
Provisions-Sec. 2. Art 9
Post audit-( D. Commission on Audit, Sec. 2,
Art 9)
Standardization of Compensation of
government Officials ( B. Civil Service
Commission, Sec. 5, Art. IX)
Impeachment of Members of Constitutional
Commission (Sec.2, Art 9)
Designation, forfeiture of elective position
(incompatible offices Art IX-B Constitution)
Art IX B Sec 2(3)
Art. IX B Sec. 7 cor. Art. VIII Sec. 13Incompatible Office
Public officer receiving gifts (Sec. 8 Art IX-B)
Ad interim appointment (Sec. 12 & 15 Art 7)
of Comelec Comm. (Sec. 1(2) Art. 9-C)
Right to Bail Art IX-C Sec 4- COMELEC
Art IX C Sec 5- Pardon for violation of
Election Law
Art X Sec 7
Social justice 1987, 1973, 1935 Consti
(Sec.10 Art13)
Accountability of Public officers - Public
office is a public trust (Sec. 1, Art 11)
Art XI Sec 16
Art XI Sec. 17
Preventive suspension by Ombudsman
Art XII Sec 2 and 3
Acquisition of public lands (Sec. 2, Art. XII)
Lease of land by foreigner, term, citizenship
Nationalized businesses, 60%, 70%, 100%
(Sec. 2 Art 12, Sec. 11 Art 12, Sec. 4 (2) Art
14, Sec 11(2) Art 16, Sec 11 (1) Art 16) alien
participation
Territory, fisheries, memorandum of
agreement (Sec.2 Art 12, Sec 7 Art 13)
Art XII- Timberlands
Lease of Public land by corporations ( Sec. 3,
Article XII)
Art XII Sec 5- Cultural Indigenous
Communities
Acquisition of private land, married alien
(Sec.7 Art XII)
Art XII Sec 7 in relation to Sec 3 Art XIILands of public domain
Art XII Sec 8
Citizenship re acquisition of land (Sec. 8 Art.
XII Constitution; Sec. 48 Public Land Act)

POLITICAL LAW

1999
1999
1999
1998
1998

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

1998

1998

1995

1988
1987

1
1

1
1

1997
1997

1
1

1
1

1989
1991

1
1

1
1

1991
1995

1
1

1
1

1998

1991
1988
1996
1990
1998
1994
2000
1994

1
1
1
1
1
2

1
1
1
1
1
2

1994
2000
1987
1998

1
1

1
1

1992

1994

1989

1989
1995

1
1

1
1

RED NOTES 2001-2002

Art XII Sec. 14
Art XII Sec. 10
Art XII Sec. 22
National Patrimony
- Meaning
-Concept
Art XII Sec 18- Public Utilities
Agricultural Land
Squatter demolition, CHR jurisdiction
Art XIII Sec.3- right to strike
Right to strike in SBMA (Art XIII Sec 3 )
Art XIII Sec 18- Commission On Human
Rights
Art XIV Education
Duties of the State regarding Education Art
XIV Sec 2
Art XIV Sec 2(3)- System of Subsidies
Art XIV Sec 3(3)- Teaching of Religion
Art XIV Sec. 4(2)- Aliens
Institutional Autonomy Art. XIV Sec. 5 (2)
Academic Freedom Sec 5(2) Art XIV
Right to choose profession, failure to pass
entrance exam (Sec. 5 (3) Art 14)
Art XIV Sec 3
Art. XIV Sec. 3 (2)
Art XIV Sec 17
Academic Freedom
Art XVI Sec 11 (1)- Mass Media
Art XVI Sec 11(2)- Foreign Investors
Revision and amendment of Constitution
Art XVIII Sec 16- Career Service Employees
Impeachment-grounds
Art XVIII Sec. 25- Treaty
Art XVIII Sec 4
Stationing of foreign troops (Sec. 25 Art.
XVIII)
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW II
I. Police Power
II. Power of Eminent Domain
No. Of beneficiaries
Just compensation
Legal proceedings, writ of possession
Expropriation, remedy of individual
Expropriation, government immunity from suit
III. Power to Tax
IV. BILL OF RIGHTS
Ways in which Bill of Rights is
strengthened in 1987 Constitution
Civil rights and political rights, human
rights distinction

POLITICAL LAW

1987
1987
1987
1999
1999
1999
1992
1992
1997
1988
1993
1992

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1999
1999

1
1

1
1

1992
1999
1999
1987
1999
1994

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1999
1987
1992
1989
1989
1989
1997
1988
1988
2000
1988
1988
1996

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2

1
1
1

1
1
1

1989
1988
2000
1990
2000
1996
1987
1988
1998
1993
1994
1993
1987
1991

1
2

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1996

3
1
1
1
1
1

RED NOTES 2001-2002

Due process

Due process, TV coverage of trial

Due process, admission, forfeiture not
criminal procedure ( no need for counsel)
Right to marry
Right to procreate
Equal Protection
Search and Seizure

Searches or seizure, assistance of counsel

Freedom of Speech
Freedom of expression
Freedom of expression (Sec. 4, Art3)censorship
Censorship- Freedom of Speech
Contempt for rallying, publishing statements
Religious Freedom Sec. 5, Art III
Freedom of religion, flag ceremony
Liberty of abode ( Sec. 6, Art 3)
Right to Travel
Privileged Communication
Privacy of Communication and
Correspondence Art IV Sec 3(1)
Right to silence and counsel Art III Sec 12(1)
Miranda Rights, right to counsel (Sec 12 Art
III)
Confession, right to counsel
Right to counsel ; Right to Speedy Trial
Art. III Sec.14(2)
Right to counsel, police line-up, admission to
reporter
Warrantless arrest, right to counsel, policeline up, bail (Art 12 Sec 12, 13, 14)
Warrantless arrest, right to counsel
Right against self-incrimination (Sec. 7, Art 3)

Employees in the public sector; right to form

unions
Non-imprisonment for debt, trust receipts
Double jeopardy-requisites
Double jeopardy, law and ordinance (Sec. 21
Art. 3)

POLITICAL LAW

1988
1989
1991
1999
2000
1996
1993

1
2
1
2

1
1

1
1

1992
1992
1987
1989
1990
1987
1989
1990
1991
1992
2000
1993
1992
1988
1998

1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
4

1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1

1987
1996
1989
1998
1997
1998
1996
1991
1990
1989

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1

1998
1988
1993

1
1
1

2
1
1

1996
2000
1988
2000
1994

1993

1997
1988
1990
1992
1998
2000
2000

1
1
1
2
2

1993
1999
2000
1997

1
2

1
2

2
1
2
1
1

RED NOTES 2001-2002

Art III Sec 21- double jeopardy
Double jeopardy Art 275 and 365 of RPC
Bill of Attainder
Citizenship
Art IV Sec 1(3) Citizenship
Citizenship, election (Sec. 1 Art. iV)
qualification (Sec. 6 Art VI)
Greencard, proof foreign residency
Citizenship, naturalization, prescription,
petition for cancellation of certificate for
naturalization
Citizenship- Art IV Sec. 2
Citizenship (Sec.2 (2) Art 6)
Citizenship - cancellation; natural born
citizen
Citizenship, married women (Sec. 4 Art 4
Dual Allegiance- Art. IV Sec. 5
Section 1(1) C.A. no. 63
C.A. No.63 Sec. 1 (2)-renunciation
Repatriation
Dual citizenship
Art IV Sec. 6
Revised Naturalization Law Sec. 4
LAW ON PUBLIC CORPORATION
Sec 10 Local Government Code
Contract in behalf of LGU (Sec 22 (c) LGC)
LGU liability (Sec 24 LGC)
Disqualification for governor (Sec 39,40 LGC)
Sec 40- of Local Government CodeDisqualifications
Veto (Sec 54, 55 LGC)
Sec 149 (kk) Local Government Code
Succession, mayor, vice-mayor (Sec. 335
LGC)
Appropriation of public money (Sec 335 LGC)
Devolution
Settlement of Disputes
Closure of public streets (lease to vendor)
Succession, mayor, vice-mayor, sanggunian
SUBJECTS
LLDA, cease and desist, pollution (EO927)
PAGCOR,LGU, ordinance prohibiting
HLURB, jurisdiction re: real estate business
City council, power to issue subpoena, cite
for contempt
Main Sources of Revenues of LGU
Real Property Taxation
ELECTION LAW
Election Protest
Election contests (procedure and jurisdictionConstitution)
Election protest where to file (Sec 2 (2) Art 9-

POLITICAL LAW

1988
1993
1987
1990
1992
1999
1989
1988
1993

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1

1993
1994

1
1

1
1

1987
1988
1996
1998

1
1
1
1

2
1
1

1994
1987
1992
1987
1999
1992
1988
1989

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1990
1995
1994
1994
1999

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1

1996
1991
1995

1
1
1

1
1
1

1994
1999
1999
1997
1996
2000
INCLUSIVE
YEARS
1995
1995
1993
1993

1
1
1
1
2

1
1
1
1
2

FREQUENCY

TOTAL

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

1999
1999

1
1

1
1

1990
1997

1
1

1
1

1996

3
2
1

RED NOTES 2001-2002

C Constitution)
Art IX C Sec 2(2)
Art VI Sec 17
Art VII Sec 4
Pre-proclamation Contest
Pre-proclamation controversies procedure
(Secs 16, 17, 20 RA 7166; Secs 7 Art 9-A
Pre-proclamation controversies, issues that
may be raised (Sec 243 Omnibus; Sec 15
Synchronization)
Proclamation, death of winning candidate
Sec. 6 Electoral Reforms Law
Idem sonams (Rule 7, Sec 21 Omnibus
Election Code)
Sec 28 Electoral reforms Law- Disputable
Presumptions of Conspiracy to bribe
voters
Sec 28 Electoral Reforms Laws- Involvement
of candidate and his principal campaign
managers in such conspiracy
Succession (Sec 67 Omnibus Election Code)
Sec 68 Omnibus Election codeDisqualification
Certificate of candidacy, acceptance (Sec 75
Omnibus)
Substitution of candidate, acceptance (Sec
75 Omnibus)
Replacement of one who died (Sec 77
Omnibus)
Omnibus Election Code Sec. 115-illeterate
and disabled voters
Omnibus Election Code Sec. 241
Omnibus Election Code Sec. 246
Multi-Party system
-merits and demerits
Postponement, vote of Commissioners (Sec
7 Art 9-A)
Stray ballot (Rule 19)
Marked ballots (Rule 12)
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Administrative due process
Administrative due process, witnesses,
decision
Doctrine of primary jurisdiction, doctrine of
exhaustion of administrative remedies
Exceptions to the doctrine of Exhaustion of
Administrative remedies
Findings of facts by Administrative Bodies
GOCC within the scope of Government Sec
2 Administrative Code
Contracting on behalf of government (Secs.
2068, 2196, Secs. 46, 37Art 8 Bk 5 Admin
Code)
When the law takes effect
Appointment to vacancy, next in rank, CSC
powers
Ad interim appointment, seniority (military)
Appointment, permanent, acting, ad interim,
provisional temporary provisional temporary
(Civil Service Decree Sec 25 (a) (b), Sec 24

POLITICAL LAW

1988
1988
1988
1987
1988
1997

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1

1996

1991
1994

1
1

1991

1991

1995
1991

1
1

1
1

1995

1995

1995

1987

1988
1988
1999
1999
1995

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

1994
1994

1
1

1
1

1987
1994

2
1

1
1

1996
2000
1991
2000
1988
1997

1
1

1
1

1995

1993
1994

1
1

1
1

1994
1994

1
1

1
1

2
1

RED NOTES 2001-2002

(d) (e)
Sec. 42 Civil Service Decree- Preventive
Suspension
Assault on teacher; school jurisdiction
Removal from office; senator, congressman,
judges of lower court, civil service ees
(constitution art 3
Refusal to work after retirement
Sec 16 (3) , Art 8 Sec 11, Art 9-B Sec 2 (3);
Bk VI Administrative Code Art 7 Secs 47-48
Re-election of appointive official,
administrative case rendered moot
De facto officers
PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
Genocide
Neutralized State
Neutrality vs. Neutralization
Sovereignty
Reprisal
Retorsion
Declaratory Theory of Recognition principle
Recognition of Belligerency
Continental shelf
Exequator
Principle of Double Criminality
Protective Personality
Innocent Passage
Innocent Passage of Ships
Jus cogens in International Law
War- (as instrument of self-defense)
Doctrine of State Immunity
Sovereign state immunity from suit
De facto vs de jure recognition of states
Jurisdiction
Extradition treaty
Acts of rebels, liability of
governmentincumbent
successful rebels
Extradition and deportation
use aggression of force (Art 2 (4) UN charter)
ICJ jurisdiction
ICJ jurisdiction proceedings language (Arts
16, 39, 53 Statutes of ICJ)
Art 42- UN Charter
Art 43- United Nations Charter- Call for
enforcement action
Art 51- UN Charter
Jurisdiction of International Court of Justice
Art 194 of Convention on the Law of the Sea
Principle 21 United Nations Conference on
the Human Environment
Art 31 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic
Relations
DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY FROM CRIMINAL
PROSECUTION (Par 3 Art 14 Vienna
Convention on Consular Relations, par 1
Art 31 Vienna
Conventions on Diplomatic Relations)

POLITICAL LAW

1990

1993

1993
1993

1
1

1
1

2000

2000

1988
1988
1988
1989
2000
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1991
1999
1991
1998
1998
1996
1998
1998
1996
1995

1
1
1
2

1
1
1
2

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1993
1994

1
1

1
1

1994

1988
1991

1
1

1
1

1988
1999
1989
1989

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

1990

1997

1997

1
8

RED NOTES 2001-2002

Diplomatic envoys and consular officials =
privileges, immunities, criminal prosecution,
civil prosecution (Arts 32, 40 Vienna
Convention On Consular Relations)
Mercenaries (Art 47 Protocol/Geneva
Convention Of 1949)
Prisoners of war Art 4
Art 7 International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights
Art 2 International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights
Multilateral Conventions on Human Rights
Stateless persons, consequences, rights,
protection ( convention in Relation to Status
of Stateless Persons, Convention on Conflict
of Nationality Laws, Convention on the
Reduction of Statelessness)

POLITICAL LAW

1995

1993

1993
1992

1
1

1
1

1992

1999
1995

1
1

1
1