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GRAMMAR
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
No
4. Relative Clause
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Using :
Form :
Form :
Using :
S + be + V_ing
-
Form :
S + have + V3_ed
has
( V3 : Past participle )
Using :
- Just, already, yet .
Ex : Ive already done it
I have nt finished it yet
- Before, before now, so far, until now, uptill now, in my life ( same meaning
)
- Several times, only once , twice
- Recently, lately
- For, since
Stative Verbs :
Some verbs are not normally used in continuous form, even when they
refer to present moment We call them STATIVE VERBS .
- Stative verbs express state
- Others express action
Ex : Im writing ( action )
Not use : Im knowing ( state ) I know
- Some stative verbs :
+ Love, like, hate, prefer, want, wish, need ( Dien at tnh cam
)
+ Think, imagine, realize, know, understand, remember, forget,
see, mean, hope,
believe ( Tr oc )
+ Be, seem, appear, sound, look, taste, feel, smell ( same to be )
-linking verbs
+ Belong, contain, include, have ( have got )
2
Using :
(+)
* to be : Was, were
* Ordinary Verbs :
S + V2_ed
Ex : I went to Vung Tau ten years ago
( - ) S + didnt + V
( ? ) Did + S + V ?
Adverbs of time :
- 5 years ago, in 1990
- Last week, last year
- When I was 10
Using :
S + was + V_ing
were
b1. Past continuous describe an action that is unfinished or still continuous
in the past.
- An action that started before a particular moment, and probably
continued after it .
Ex : + What were you doing at 8.00 this morning ?
I was having breakfast at 8.00
+ By this time last year I was lying on the beach
- A temporary action in the past ( or situation )
Ex : Last year I was living in Bristol.
b2. Past continuous describe the situation ( back ground information ), past
simple describe
The main event.
Ex : + While I was waiting for the bus, it started to rain
+ When I was going to bed, the phone rang
Note :
Some conjunction are used in clause : While, as, when .
c. The past perfect :
Using :
S + had + V3_ed
Will + V :
( negative : Wont + V )
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Be + V-ing :
( present continuous )
Be + going to + V :
4. RELATIVE CLAUSE :
a. Introduction :
+ The man is a famous doctor . I met him at the party last night .
The man whom ( that , ) I met at the party last night is a
famous doctor .
meeting .
.
Be + PP .
a- Form :
ACTIVE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary
helps John .
helped John .
is helping John .
was helping John .
is going to help John .
has helped John .
had helped John .
PASSIVE
1. John is helped by Mary .
2. John was helped .
3. John is being helped .
4. John was being helped .
5. John is going to be helped .
6. John has been helped .
7. John had been helped .
Modal verb + be + PP
Ex :
-
2.
b. Active : S + V + OI , OD
Passive : S (OD) + be PP + to OI + ( by phrace )
Ex :
3.
If
If
If
If
you
you
you
you
Main clause
- Simple present
- Will + V
Ex :
with him .
Main clause
Would
Could + V .
Might
- If I were you , I would finish the lesson now .
- You are busy , but your frient insists you to go to the beach
Main clause
Would
Could
+ have + PP
.
Ex :
didnt know this,
you .
Might
- Last month , Gary was in hospital for an operation. Daisy
so he didnt visit him .
To day they met at the office , Daisy said :
If I had known you were in hospital , I would have visited
Note :
* Dont use Would in if clause
* d can be would or had
* There sentence can be writen in onother way
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4.
Should
Shouldnt
+ have + PP
Ex :
Main clause
- Future
- Past simple
- Present simple
(
(
Time clause
Present
- Past simple
Past continuous )
Present simple
Present continuous )
She takes after her mother She looks like her mother .
- Magaret has gotten over her illness She has become
better .
glass for .
b. Use :
1. We wish to emphasize the duration of action :
Ex : - She is very tired . She has been typing letters all day .
- Tom has been working for ABC for 10 years .
2. To talk about an imcomplete action :
Ex : - Anns clothes are in paint . She has been painting the
ceiling .
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5. Preposition + V-ing :
Ex : - Im very interested in reading books .
6. Verbs of perception + V-ing : ( nhan thc, giac quan )
Smell , look , taste , fell , hear , see .
Ex : - I smell something burning .
- I hear somone coming .
7. There is / there are + N + V-ing :
Ex : - There is someone knocking at the door .
8. Relative clause :
Ex : - The girl is Mai . Mai is sitting next to me .
The girl sitting next to me is Mai .
9. Adverbial clause :
Since, while, when, after, before
Ex : - While I was cooking, I saw a fly in the soup .
While cooking, I saw a fly in the soup .
10. Sau V : Co 34 verbs :
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MODAL VERBS :
Total 11 modal verbs :
Shall
Will
Should
Would
Can
Could
May
Must
Might Ought to
Need
1. Features :
-
2. Uses :
1. Ability ( noi ve kha nang ) : Can could ( Present past )
Cac th khac : be able to
Note : 3 t sau eu noi ve kha nang trong qua kh :
Could / was(were) able to / managed to
Ch khac nhau cho :
- Could , was(were) able to : General ability in the past
Ex : I could speak English when I was 6 years old .
- Managed to , was(were) able to : To describe an ability to
do successfully something on an occasion in the past .
Ex : The fireman managed to stop the fire .
2. Obligation ( noi ve s bat buoc ) : Must - need
( have to
)
Must ( or have to ) ang need are used to describe obligation
and necessity.
Yes / No questions
Wh questions
Indirect questions
- Form 2 :
Ex :
12.
1. Definition :
- We use reported speech when we are telling what onother person says or
said .
- Reporting verbs ( say, tell, ask ) use : Present, past .
2. Reported speech with reporting verbs in present :
- Use reporting verbs in present to report what someone has just said .
- Changes :
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+ Pronouns :
me, they .
Oject pronouns
them .
+
+
- Unchanged :
+
+
+
Ex :
says .
+V
Verbs use : Tell, ask, order, beg, persuade, warn, advise, encourage,
invite, remind, offer, exclaim
Ex : - Nam said : Let me tell you the last words
Nam told her to let him tell her the last words .
asked .
before .
-----------------------oOo--------------------10/2003.
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