IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm

Email: editoriijcs@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5992

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........

Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015

NEW COMPACT DESIGN OF

RECTANGULAR SLOTTED HEXAGONAL
MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
Prakalp Mishra1, Prashant Yadav2, Pankaj Gupta3, Shushant Jain4
1

Student, Dept. of EC, Institute of Information Technology & Management (IITM), Gwalior (M.P.), India

Student , Dept. of EC, Institute of Information Technology & Management(IITM), Gwalior (M.P.), India
3

Astt.Prof., Dept. of EC, Institute of Information Technology & Management(IITM), Gwalior

Astt.Prof., Dept. of EC, Institute of Information Technology & Management(IITM), Gwalior

ABSTRACT
In this paper a HEXAGON shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna has been designed, simulated and analyzed in Zealand IE3D
upbringing. The antenna is fabricated with a dielectric constant of 3.4 and loss tangent of 0.002. Microstrip patch antenna becomes
very popular day by day because of its ease of analysis and fabrication, inexpensive, trivial, easy to feed and their striking radiation
characteristics. Although patch antenna has several advantages, it has also some drawbacks such as restricted bandwidth, and a
potential decrease in radiation pattern. Different techniques for bandwidth improvement of usual rectangular microstrip antenna
are anticipated in this paper. By increasing the height of patch , escalating the substrate thickness and decreasing the permittivity of
substrate the %bandwidth is increased. IE3D Software is used for the simulation and design calculation of microstrip patch
antenna. The return loss, VSWR curve, directivity and gain are evaluated. The designed antenna operates in the frequency range of
1.45 to 2.62 GHz having the optimum bandwidth of about 57.63%. Using IE3D software put together of Zeland, according to the set
size, the antenna is simulated.

Keywords: microstrip antennas array, hexagonal microstrip antennas, rectangular slot, spider structure.

1. INTRODUCTION
Wireless Communication is one of the crucial needs of this era. For any wireless communication antenna is the basic and
essential requirement. With the encroachment in the communication technology the size of the communication devices are
getting condensed which leads towards the miniaturization of the antenna size as well. diverse antenna structures such as
parabolic reflector, horn antenna etc. provides good concert, but when the necessitate arises for any planer antenna structure
microstrip antenna is mostly prefer over other antenna structure because of its shape, size and concert. Microstrip antenna
arrangement consists of a dielectric substrate having ground plane on one side and patch geometry on the other [1]. It has
numerous rewards such as low weight, low profile, planer arrangement, low fabrication costs and potential to integrate
MMIC. Along with these merits this type of antenna has certain demerits as well such as low bandwidth, lesser gain, low
efficiency which control the potential of this antenna[1]. Various researches are being done by the researchers to conquer
these disadvantages by using different patch geometry such as using E shaped patch[4], U shaped patch[5], L shaped
patch[3] etc. Other methods to triumph over these disadvantages includes use of different dielectric materials[6], use of
substrate of unlike thickness, cutting various notches and slots in the patch geometry, antenna array[7] etc. for recuperating
the performance which make this antenna appropriate for different applications such as cellular phones, pagers, radar
systems, and satellite communications systems. In this paper the main prominence is given to the enrichment of the
bandwidth of the antenna by using a usual rectangular microstrip antenna and cutting a semi ring shaped slot on it. The
designing and simulation work is performed on IE3D simulation software.

2.ANTENNA DESIGN AND OPERATION

ANTENNA DESIGN

Volume 3 Issue 5 May 2015

Page 15

IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm
Email: editoriijcs@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5992

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........

Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015

Parameter

Dimension

Unit

mm

mm

mm

1.5

mm

25

mm

Parameters
It is useful to model the microstrip antenna as a transmission line. This model is the simplest of all and it gives good
physical insight but it is less precise.
Width: In this model the MSA can be represented by two slots of width (w) and height (h) separated by transmission line of
length (L). The width of the patch can be calculated from the following equation

After substituting the values of c= 3x108 m/s fr = 2.33GHz and h = 1.5mm

Width w = 0.03m = 30mm
Effective dielectric constant: The effective dielectric constant (reff ) is less than (r ) because the fringing field around
the border of the patch is not confined to the dielectric speared in the air also.
With substituting the values r = 2.2, h =1.5mm, w = 30mm.

Volume 3 Issue 5 May 2015

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IPASJ International Journal of Computer Science (IIJCS)

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........

Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJCS/IIJCS.htm

Email: editoriijcs@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5992

Effective Dielectric Constant reff =

In order to function in the fundamental TM10 mode, the length of the patch must be faintly less than where is the
wavelength in the dielectric medium.
Length: The difference in the length (L ) which is given by:
L= 0.86mm.

L= Leff - 2L
L=39.37mm
Gain and directivity: The term for the maximum gain of an antenna is as follows:
G=xD
The efficiency of the antenna
D Directivity
Voltage standing wave ratio: Expression is:

As the reflection coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, the VSWR ranges from 1 to .

Bandwidth: The bandwidth is the ratio of the upper and lower frequencies of an function. According to the bandwidth can
be obtained as:

When the ratio fL/fH= 2 the antenna is said to be broadband. We can evaluate the antennas performance by operating the
antenna at a high frequency by observing VSWR, when VSWR2 (RL-9.5dB) the antenna is said to have done well.

References
[1]. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, Second edition: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1997.
[2]. A. Asrokin, M. K. A. Rahim, M.Z.A. Abd Aziz, Dual Band Microstrip Antenna for WLAN Application, Asia Pacific
Applied Electromagnetic Conference (APACE 2005).
[3]. Dinesh Yadav, L-slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Pntenna, International symposium on Communication System
and Network Technologies, p.p. 220-223, 2011
[4]. Masoud Sabaghi, S.Reza Hadianamrei M. Reza Kouchaki, M. sadat miri, C Band Wideband Single Patch E-Shaped
Compact Microstrip patch Antenna, International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology (ISSN 2221-8386)
Volume 1 No 9, p.p. 59-63, November 2011.
[5]. Vinod K. Singh, Zakir Ali, Dual Band U-Shaped Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Communication, International
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 2(6), p.p. 1623-1628, 2010.
[6]. M. Olyphant, Junior. and T.E Nowicki, ''Microwave Substrates Support MIC technology'' Microwaves, Part I, vol. 19,
no. 12, pp. 7480, Nov.1980.
[7]. Aberle, J. T., and Pozar, D. M., Analysis of Infinite Arrays of Probe-Fed Rectangular Microstrip Patches Using a
Rigorous Feed Model, IEEE Proceedings, Pt. H, V. 136, No. 2, pp. 110-119, April, 1989.

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