PALAFOX” RECOMMENDATIONS BY PALAFOX ASSOCIATES: AN OUTLINE Urban Planning, Architecture, and Engineering to Address Hazards: ‘Towards Safer Cities, Towns, and Communities INTRODUCTION Being sitmated in a region within the Pacific Ring of Fire primarily alls for vigilance in Disaster Preparedness. Protection of life and the enhancement of the built enwironment are the foremost responsibilities of Architects, Urban Planners, and Engineers, In its stand of pushing its accountability towards Nature, God, and Country, Palafox Associates prepated a brief list of Recommendations on Urban Pla Architecture, and Engineering to Address Hazards towards safer cities, towns, and communities. These recommendations are made to be expounded and further developed hhand-inchand by the government, the people, and the experts. The past administration ‘was given this list after the catastrophic storm Ondoy that crippled most of Manila. In the first week of the subsequent admin the same recommendations were reiterated In the midst of several disasters and emergencies, awareness must be given due priority. ‘These are among the essential steps towards a more progressive economy, tourism, and national growth. 1, LONG-TERM TARGETS (10-20 YEAR PLAN) 1 Promote flood.proof. fireproof and earthquake resis ‘designate open spaces as evacuation places in urban are Develop and sitengghen urban facilities which can be used as comfortable disaster proof living zones 3. Greate individual citizen awareness for disaster prevention and response 4 control measures: Urban Greening adaptation and mitigation (deepening, sd lakes, rivers, creeks, and other waterways). 5 proper solid waste management 6 Update well into the 21" century Daniel Burnham's 1505 plan for Metro Manila, 1976-1977 MMETROPLAN, and the 2003 Manila Megalopolis nd mountains near catch basins Reforest the hills 11 IMMEDIATE ACTION: 9. Clear all rivers, esteros, waterways, anid lakes 10, Relocate people to higher ground 11 Control development in areas liable t disasters 12. Build elevated walkways, sky bridges to connect buildings above flood waters 13. Create flood zoning overlay maps using. the atea’s 100-200 year flooding history to separate lving spaces. from flood-prone areas 14, Update Building and Structural Codes (structural, hydrologic, and geologic audit of government buildings and infrastructures) 15, Construction of the Parafague spillway (from Laguna Lake 10 Manila Bay) and other essential adaptive inffastructure 16, Creation of toad dikes around Lagur 17, Create ‘green’ islands 18, Creation of disaster prevention bases 19, Creation of a flood, drainage, andl sewera 20, Create Water Retention Areas LakePALAFOX” mparimentalization of existing urban areas through city polders 22. Revise subdivision laws, regulations, and restrictions 23. Awareness and Education of LGUs 24, Conduct an Urban Metropolitan Ma functions) 25, Review lessons learned from countries less prepared for disasters (Haiti) and eam from the best practices from advanced countries like Japan, Taisat South Korea, USA and other more developed countries in Europe and North America. agement Review (t00 many overlapping IL, GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS. A EARTHQUAKES: i Fault Lines 26, Thorough review of the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) if design guidelines conform to an 8.0 magnitude earthquake or higher 27, Routine inspection and structural aucit ofall buildings particularly the oll ones by our city and provincial engineers. Condemn or demolish stich unsafe budings 28, Structural cracks found in residential homes must be sealed off using high- fgrade structural epoxy. Allow structural engineers to check on them 29, Implement the “under reinforced system" on the structural design of a buildin establishment © see the cue of failure (cracks on the concrete before it eaches its maximum tolerable stage 30, Identify the location of earthquake fault Lines within the vieinity you plan 10 build your structure, so the structural engineer can make adjustments in their structural design 1. Builders and contractors must follow the technical specifications provided by the structural engineer. Avoid using cheap and substandard materials and shortcuts in labor procedures, for this will just hasten the deterioration of the 32, Bureaucracy and red tape in securing building permits must be stopped. There ‘may be building officials and goverment engineers who do not review the structural calculations/seismic analysis of panicular projects reportedly beeause bribes 33, Reconstruct riverbanks and major rivers with lower slopes for easier access for 34. Retrofiting: Seismic evaluation and rehabilitation designs of existing buill using carbon fiber and dampers “essen lond in building by sage 36. Lessen building eccentricity (Center of mass and weight of building must be less) 87. When designing a buiding / establishment, use performance-based design ‘Taunamis or Storm Surge 38. Construct antitidal wave facilities like breakwaters and embankments, Geotechnical studies should be undertaken prior to the start of structural analysis as basis of substructure design to counteract cases of soil liquefaction, land footing settlement 9, Hydrologic studies should be done (o minimize or eliminate the threat of being aPALAFOX” AMooded, and to also know ifthe location is prone to fyphoons so that the planner, architect, and engineer can adjust the design 10 anticipate the said isaster 40,Promote studies and researches aimed at prediction of earthquakes ancl ‘improve observation systems of areas located in volcan bets 41. Construct, improve, and secure evacuation spaces in case of tsunamis 42, Promote safety and fireproof measures around and along, evacuation population centers 43, All evacuation sites should be at least 10 hectares andl 1 square meter per 444, Prepare New Disaster Policies and M regulations, and guidelines 45; Install / construct quakeproof conduits with ultity tunnels, safety devices and facilities sures by updating and tightening. laws, FLOOD-CONTROL: 46 Improvement work on rivers, lakes, and tb excessive rainfalls 47 Secure water supply stations within 1.5 ~2 krii distance from every household, With three (3) ters of drinking water per persons per day 48 Promote measures to check rainwater and store and filer water into. the ‘ground 49. Factories: Install rainwater storage ranks 50) Apartment Complexes: Enable non-bullding spaces as ood control lakes Roads: Water permeable pavements ‘Schools andl residential areas: Rain water harvesting facilities, arm lands: Increase soil’s water holding capacities Parks: multi-purpose flood control lake Buildings: Underground water storage to harvest rain water 56. River mouths: Protection against reverse tides from the se les 10 cope ith heavy and LOW-LYING AREAS DUE TO RISING SEA LEVEL 57, Minimize flood damage to lowlands by finding out past flood recorals and promoting vertical and adaptive architecture 58, Build flood-control lakes when developing lange tracts of land 59, Enable sewerage systems 10 store rainwater 660, Use pavements to fier water throught 61, Improve sewage systems with fration boxes 62,Consolidate anti-lood facilities such as quake- and tidal wave-proof “embankments 663, Sirengatien drainage systems in urban areas i, MOUNTAINS and HILLSIDE VILLAGES G4. Sand-arresting works to prevent landslides from heavy rainfall 65. Shore maintenance works in order 10 protect shoreline from erosion by. typhoons and seasonal winds, 66, Increase water-holding capacities through reforestation and sree planPALAFOX" . FIRE PREVENTION: 67. Draw up a Basic Plan for Urban Redevelopment/Urban Renew 68, Provide funds 10 make buildings fireproot 69. Replace house materials with those less susceptible to fre 70. Renewal Identily key disaster prevention spots 71. Improve living environments of disaster proof areas 72. Dangerous districts inform eitizens of danger 73 Secure Open Spaces in urban areas as evacuation sites, ¢ bases, fire breakers and evacuation routes. 74. Creation of disaster proof ving zones using nan as frebreaks 75, Promote fireproof me: 76. Utilize the “commun 72. Implement mandatory disaster-prevention drills 78, Foster citizen awareness for disaster prevention 79, Set up disaster prevention educational centers and training centers 80. Train potential leaders to inform and generate interest on disaster prevention 81. Foster voluntary disaster-prevention organizations 82. Establish and equip wide area disaster prevention bases in open area 83. Accurate and immediate communication systems for efficient emergency 84, Emergency broadcasting systems as early waming systems 85. Improve firefighting ability of existing fire stations and their branehes with fire academies 86, Consolidate emergency rescue and medical aid systems '87.Establish. individual fre prevention and control systems 1 Plans saser recovery al and man-made structures res for ateas along the frebreaks (y 10 improve their areas towards a disaster proof Principal Architect and Urban Planner Felino “Jun Palafox, Jr. with Dutch Architec Daniel Roos of Palafox Associates presented on October 27, 2009, al L1 am 0 President Glona Macapagal Arroyo and her Cabinet, among others, the MMETROPLAN 1977, BURNHAM PLAN 1905, and puit forward the 23 recommendations on Urb: the light of recent disastrous Noods: IV, ONDOY FLOOD. ‘SS. Build the Spillway from Laguna Lake to Manila Bay 189, Clear all river, esteros, waterways and lakes 90, Relocate people to higher ground 1..Bstablish hundred year flood lines 92 Conol development in areas lable to Nooding 98, Build higher than hundredt-year flood line and consider rising, water levels de to climate change 4. Build elevated walkways, sky bridges- connecting buildings above flood waters Solid Waste Management 96, Update well into the 21st century 97, 1908 Iburnhain Plan ‘98, 1976-77 MMETROPLAN 99, 2003 Manila Meyalopolis Concept Plan 2020 100. Flood control Master plan 101. Drainiage Master plan 102. Sewerage Master Plan 103. Pollution Abatement Measurestos. tos. 106. 1o7. 16. 117. ns. TIMELINE: PALAFOX” Reforest the hills and mountains Revise subdivision regulations and other laws and restrictions, Revise, Review and Update Building Code, Structural Code andl other odes Urban Metropolitan Management Review (too many overlapping functions, among, agencies- local, metropolitan, regional and national agencies) Road dikes round the Laguna Lake Create ‘green islands’ jazard Mapping ~ earthquake, floods, fre and other hazards Enforce the 10 meter easements along rivers and lakes and 3.5 meter ‘easements along creeks and esteros Urban Planning — Ind use, zoning, transpon, infrastructure, location, density, type and timing of developmer Metropolitan, Urban & Regional Planning ‘Vertical Urbanism not urban sprawlEngineering ~ flood control, drainage, sewerage, water supply, power supply, telecommunications, garbage, Sanitation, and trafic Architecture ~ Flood proof ~ design and construct houses, schools churches, shops and other structures and infrastructures, Harvest rain water through cistems and water retention ponds Funding ~ provide funding requitements for planning, design, construction, ‘management and maintenance of buildings and infrastructures Political Will- the vision to carry out a comprehensive plan and political will to adress climate change, flooding and urban planning, to provide better living conditions and better quality of life and opportunities for social and economic advancement forall IMMEDIATE is ‘September 26,2009 100 0PALAFOX” Long Term | asicrin diene ewer can ‘Medium Term ane |e Saari Same (eeencee |emeeeem Immediate | ayn et tie In addition to the previous recommendations we've submitted before, here are our ‘observations and recommendations to the recent natural disasters that hit the Philippines. According (0 Plannets, Architects, Engineers, 5 mructural Engineers, Geologists and Expert Consultants \V. BOHOL EARTHQUAKE, 119, 120. Structural steel that is usually available in the Philippines is Grade 36, Other ‘countries like China anc! Japan use better and higher grade. We just import from other counties to get such structural steel Boho’s land areas are mostly comprised of lime stone/ rock formations relatively younger than Palawan. Lime stones are brite and easily dissolved by water. Thus, when the earthquake hit Bohol, most of the land as heavily damaged, I you look at the fault lines in the Philippines, there are some buildings constructed above the fault lines, especially: in Quezon City. The same ‘maybe true for Bohol A S:meter setback in Metro Manila from the fault line is not adaprable in Bohol because of the soft land (limestone). The Chocolate hills are prone to liquefaction because its made up of lime stones too. Although a 5m setback from she faulr line is the standard distance, it is not entirely recommended forall areas, among, them, areas with clay and silty sand, which are prone to liquefaction during earthquakes. Setbacks should be increased in these ateas [roughly 10.20 mA five-meter setback for Metro Manila is applicable because there's not enough space already due 10124. 125, 128, 129. 130. 135. 130. 137. PALAFOX” high density, Each constructed tall building has its own s building fails to stabilize after swaying for a number of seconds that is proportional to the building's height, it must be retrofitted right away. Abu life can be lengthened and strengthened if i's designed properly then constructed using high-quality and sustainable materials, backed by high-quality workmanship. “More high-rise buildings should be constructed as necessary steps have been done to ensure that these structures withstand high-intensity earthquakes, Building’ life span is usually 50 years old. Buildings that are older than 50 years suffer from material-fatigue. Tall buildings are usually safer than miderise buildings as expert architects and engineers are tasked to design and plan ther PHILVOCS should accurately place the depth and location of existing and new fault lines, since some fault lines tend to curve as you go deeper down, the earth's surface. Design a building which can withstand an intensity 9 earthquake (existin requirement is intensity 8) so that when an Intensity 7.2 earthquake hits ‘your area, there will be lesser damage t0 properties Light materials lke carbon fibers and structiral steel should be used for retron The foundation of buildings and bridges must reach the bedrock for better sability Corruption in constructing buildings, roads and bridges can really affect the ;pabilites and functions of such structures. I damages millions of properties and kills many lives. It must be eradicated When building a structure, be sure to check if twill le above the fault line. Living above the fault line is tantamount to suicide. Safer buildings depend on proper design parameters and construction must be executed in accordance to the approved plan. No mote, no less Seismic analysis is recommended in eatthquake-prone areas. At present, sieuctural engineers are usingg computer software like ETABS for seismic analysis and high-rise building design, The Philippines currently adapted the seismic evaluation standards of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) 31 and seismic rehabilitation design ASCE 41 into the Philippine Uniform Building Code of 1997. Existing and newly constructed buildings should conform to the updated standards, Careful consideration should be made in designing yeomettic structures in buildings. There should be a balance between geomenry and buil materials, For example, certain building materials (for example, concrete) spell disaster in earthquake but could prove advantageous in strong winds and vice versa, ie assumptions, fatal ‘VI SUPER TYPHOON YOLANDA (INTERNATIONAL NAME: HAIYAN) 138, 139. ‘The Philippine provinces are divided into three wind zones (Zone 1 250 kilometers pet hour (kph): Zone 2: V=200 kph; Zone 3: V= 150 kph. Design buildings in accordance to the basic wind speeds by zone specified in the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP). Extreme typhoons have not been considered in developing the basic wind speed conditions. ‘Tacloban City is part of Zone 2, but Yolanda’s wind speed clocked in at 315 kph, the highest recorded in history Wind tunnel studies should be done for i shaped structures. ConsultPALAFOX local and engineering experts. 140. Buildings should be designed for earthquakes according to the expected magnitude generated by the contributor faults in the area, since the resulting intensity depends on distance from epicenter and type of soil. The -s these into account but only requites developers to design for earthquakes that have a 10% probability of exceeding in 100 ¥ ning important facies, increase safety level requirement 141, A 20(+Kph wind speed is comparable to an intensity 7-8 eanhggiake. To minimize damage prevention, buildings should be designed to withstand at least an intensity 8 earthquake. 142, Correct minimum design standards for seismic zone 4. Design buildings with lateral braces or provide rubber dampers to reduce lateral load in Duilcings. 143. The NSCP gives specifies in relation and proportion to geometrical constraints. Tall geometric buildings must be tuned based on this principle. 144, Buildings should use the boundary layer wind test for earthquakes, We Imuist have the site specific velocity test to determine its strength, 145. Altemative, performance-based systems used in the NSCP should be ‘overridden. W's hard 10 do the procedure since you need a lot of expertise to validate the work To cary out the above recommendations, we need good urban planning, architecture and engineering, funding, and political will—a strong Public-Private Partnership towards a globally competitive Philippines. From the Architects, Urban Planners, Structural Engineers, Civil En Zonsultants of Palafox Associates led by the Principal Architect and Urban Plan Felino “Jun” Palafox Je awe