4 Green Ship of The Future - GSF Coordinator

Presentation of Green Ship of the Future
by
Christian Schack, Coordinator, Green Ship of The Future
Presentation at Green Ship of the Future Conference,
Asia Pacific Maritime, Singapore, March 2010
Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org
Green Ship of the Future

Green Ship of the Future is a Danish joint industry project
for innovation and demonstration of technologies and
methods that makes shipping more environmental friendly.
With respect to airborne emission the aim of the project is
to provide the necessary technologies and operational
means to reduce emissions as follows for newbuildings:
- 30 % reduction of CO2 emissions
- 90 % reduction of NOx emissions
- 90 % reduction of SOx emissions
Have we reached these goals - or will they be

reached?
Green Ship Project Partners
Network Partners
Green Ship of the Future has established a network
partnership agreement with the following Danish
maritime organisations:
Danish Maritime Authority
Danish Shipowners' Association
Danish Maritime
Danish Marine Group
Transport Innovation Network
Danish Ministry of the Enviroment
The role of the network partners is to provide a network

and to communicate events and project results to their
respective members.

To meet the reduction targets, the following four main areas are
considered:
Machinery
WHR, scrubbers, EGR, etc.
Propulsion Propellers, rudders, trim

optimization, etc.
Operations Route planning, performance
monitoring, etc.
Logistics
Better interaction between transport

forms, development/modification of
existing ship types etc.
Scrubber Systems
Partners:
Development of scrubber
systems for removal of SOx and
particles
Investigate and utilise exhaust gas scrubber
technology to clean the exhaust gas.
Full design, development, and installation of the
scrubber.
Removal of SOX and particulate matter
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
The scrubber was installed onboard DFDS Tor

Ficaria in June 2009, and commissioning is
scheduled to take place in March 2010.
Potential 98% SOX reduction and at least 50%
reduction in particulate matter
The expected reduction in

SOx is approx. 98% and
CO2 is approx. 3 %
Design
Test
Onboard
EGR Systems
Partners:
Development of an Exhaust Gas

Recirculation (EGR) system
A retrofit EGR system has been
specified and designed for
Installation on board Alexander
Maersk.
Major installation work took
Place in July 2009 and will be
completed in March 2010.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
NOX is approx. 50 %
Software tests completed in

Copenhagen test facility in
January 2010, paving the way
for a fully automated EGR
System.
Final testing & commissioning on board the Alexander Maersk to take
place in March 2010
Design
Test
Onboard
Machinery for high-speed LNG-ferries

Partners:
Evaluation of efficiency and

emissions of LNG-powered
high-speed ferries
In this project Mols-Linien and DTU Mechanical
Engineering co-operate on studying the machinery
for future gas-powered, high-speed ferries.
Based on an outline specification of an INCAT design of a 112 m fast ferry,
an alternative arrangement will be made with LNG powering. Different
solutions in terms of propulsion will be evaluated, and for the final proposal
detailed calculations will be made of the total efficiencies.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
The first preliminary results suggest that if a recuperated gas turbine is

combined with an Organic Rankine Cycle, an efficiency of about 48% would
be achievable, which is about 30-35% higher than existing machinery.
Newbuilding
Retrofit
CO2 is approx. 48% and
NOx is approx. 55%
As a spin off, Mols-Linien is currently evaluating the implementation of LNG

to power two gas turbine-powered high-speed ferries.
Design
Test
Onboard
Pump and Cooling Water Systems

Partners:
Optimization of pump and cooling water

systems on a 35,000 DWT Bulk Carrier:
Overall vessel CO2 emission reduction of 1.5%.
Corresponding to 20% of the daily auxiliary generated power.
Reduced wear on diesel generators/reduced maintenance.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
fuel consumption is
minimum 1.5 %
Design
Test
Onboard
MAN B&W ME-B with VTA

Partners:
Optimisation of CO2 emission

and fuel efficiency of a MAN
B&W 6S50ME-B8 main engine
with a MAN Diesel TCA66 (w/VTA)
Turbocharger
Shop test completed in July 2009.
Sea trial to be completed in April 2010 on Torm Alice.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
Application of the 6S50ME-B8 with a VTA turbocharger gives an annual

saving of 90 135 tonnes HFO, dependent on sailing profile, when
compared to a conventional camshaft controlled engine with a non
variable turbocharger
A technical summary of the
system will be written on
completion of the sea trial

fuel consumption is
approx. 2%
Design
Test
Onboard
System Integration and Waste Heat

Partners:
Use of pre-insulated pipe systems

on a tanker vessel
The purpose of this project is to reduce the overall
fuel consumption onboard a 74999 DTW oil tanker
owned by MARINVEST.
In the project, the cooling water and boiler system
will be analysed to cover how the heat can be
utilized.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
The HT water from the ME is to be used for cargo heating, transfer pipe
heating and heating of the charge/discharge equipment. Because of the
pipe insulation, it is possible to transfer relatively large amounts of energy
from the ME with relatively small losses.
Newbuilding
Retrofit
fuel consumption is
approx. 20% for a tanker
Design
Test
Onboard
SCR System for NOx-reduction

Partners:
SCR System with Digital Airless Multipoint

Urea Injection for NOx-reduction
During the past 2 years DANSK TEKNOLOGI has
developed a unique SCR system for NOx-reduction
on marine engines. The system is based on Digital
Airless Multipoint injection of urea.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
The Digital Airless Multipoint technology gives a

high NOx-reduction with long term stability, no need
for compressed air (giving low auxiliary power
requirements compared to conventional SCR
systems), no need for a mixer and a very compact
size. This again means that the complete SCR
system takes up the same space as the traditional
silencer which it substitutes.
Retrofit
The developed SCR system is based on a modular concept and can be

adapted to any engine running on marine diesel.

NOx is approx. 90%
The vessel is fulfilling the IMO requirements of 2016 and onwards.

Design
Test
Onboard
Dual / Multi MCR Certification

Partners:
Development of main engines

with dual or multi certification
for easy change of MCR rating
for any trade route or speed
Optimal running conditions for different ship
speeds e.g. Turbocharger cut-out, Variable
Turbine Area, fuel system equipment, engine
settings etc.
Procedure for certification of a T/C cut-out
retro-fit is complete for K98 type engines
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
fuel consumption is
approx. 1 to 3 %
Practical experience gained from installation

on Maersk Salalah
Common documentation approved by Class
GL and Class BV, as long as a technical file
already exists
Design
Test
Onboard
Automated Engine Monitoring

Partners:
Optimisation of engine
performance by automated tuning
to best adjustments
Introduce an automated control system that
monitors engine operating parameters and adjusts
engine settings for optimal fuel consumption.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
CO2 is approx. 0 to 5 %
Electronically controlled engines (ME):

Auto-tuning algorithms has been successfully
verified at various full scale field tests.
Auto-tuning system is since January 2010 being
offered as an (ME) upgrade option.
Mechanically controlled engine (MC):
Full scale proof of concept test on Maersk
7K90MC-C initiated December 2009. Closed loop
VIT controllability has been successfully verified
(March 2010).
Next step to develop a prototype / commercially
suitable solution.
Design
Test
Onboard
Turbo Charging & Variable Nozzle Ring

Partners:
Variable nozzle rings

Turbo charging with variable nozzle
rings results in high efficiency in a
wider load range compared to traditional
turbo chargers, especially at low engine
loads, i.e. low speeds.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Together with Maersk ABB has installed

the new A100 VTG turbo charger with
variable nozzle onboard Alexander
Maersk. The system are currently
undergoing tests but initial conclusions
are very positive.
Next stage for turbocharging is with two-stage turbo charging, which is
currently being developed by ABB.
Retrofit
Design
Test
Onboard
Waste Heat Recovery Systems

Partners:
Further development of Waste

Heat Recovery (WHR) systems
Optimisation of WHR system in close
cooperation with partners.
Determination of vessel operation profile and
optimisation of engine for improved exhaust
gas data.
Installation of new exhaust gas fired boiler, turbo generator
(steam/gas turbine and generator).
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Optimisation of WHR system given the available space constraints.

Maersk is currently installing WHR on a wide range of vessels based
upon the GSF project.
Retrofit
The reduction in CO2 is
approx. 7 to 15 %
depending on ship load
Design
Test
Onboard
Pump & Auxiliary Systems

Partners:
Optimisation of pump and auxiliary systems

Re-design pump & auxiliary systems with a focus on power
consumption.
Introduce automated systems that continuously control the power
demand.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
on a large container vsl.
Design
Test
Onboard
Optimised Control for Ship Cooling

Partners:
Optimised Control for Energy

Optimisation of Ship Cooling
Systems
In two projects, optimised control algorithms for
Reefer systems (joint project with Lodam A/S) and
for general High Temperature (HT) and low
temperature (LT) onboard refrigeration systems
are being developed by Aalborg University.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
The latter system is designed for a Maersk

newbuilding, and the effect is documented by means
of advanced simulations.
Potential: The project is still at an early stage, but
preliminary results indicate significant energy savings,
possibly as much as 45% (rough estimate)
Retrofit
The expected reduction is
still being evaluated
Design
Test
Onboard

considered:
Machinery

optimization, etc.
monitoring, etc.
Logistics

GreenSteam Trim Optimisation

Partners:
Dynamic trim optimisation

with GreenSteam
GreenSteam is a new energy saving system
for ships, providing reduction in energy
consumption by adjusting ship trim and
power.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
fuel consumption is
approx. 3%
Based on readings from multiple sensors

over a period of time, the relations between
the dynamically changing conditions and the
energy requirements are mapped and
analysed into a mathematical model. This
model is used for onboard guidance to the
crew as regards optimum trim and power.
Fuel savings of at least 2.5% have been
demonstrated onboard a product tanker
owned by DS NORDEN A/S. The system will
be installed on 4 or more new NORDEN
vessels during 2010.
Design
Test
Onboard
Air Resistance of Ships

Partners:
Air Resistance of Ships

The air resistance of a Bulk Carrier is approximately 5-8 percent of the total resistance. By
advanced wind tunnel studies and
optimization of the superstructure the air
resistance will be lowered to a minimum.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
Fuel consumption is
approx 2 to 3 %
The following steps is included in the project:

Wind Tunnel test of existing design.
Superstructure optimization (eg.
Crane, forecastle, accommodation
Rounded shapes, elimination of
recirculation zones etc.)
The future bulk carrier where all
traditions are reconsidered
Based upon the results investigations might
continue on other vessel types.
Initial tests are being performed March 2010
Design
Test
Onboard
Trim Optimisation & Performance Monitoring

Partners:
Trim optimisation & Performance

monitoring
SeaTrim is a trim optimisation application based
on model test results of a large matrix of
different combinations of draught, trim and
speed. SeaTrend is a system for performance
monitoring, using operational data from the ship.
With SeaTrim & SeaTrend installed onboard the
six L-Class chemical tankers owned operated by
Nordic tankers, it is the aim of the project to
demonstrate the effect of the tools in terms of
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
Ability to determine hull and propeller

fouling and trends
Ability to guide the crew as regards to
optimum trim

Fuel consumption is
approx. 1 to 3%
Design
Test
Onboard
New high efficient nozzle

Partners:
New high efficient nozzle from

MAN Diesel.
MAN Diesels propulsion division in
Frederikshavn has developed a new nozzle,
which can enhance the performance for many
types of vessels.
Where existing nozzles designs have primarily
been applied to ships that requires high
thrust at low ship speeds, the new product is
intended for vessels with a higher service
speed i.e. tankers, bulkers, PSVs etc.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
The new nozzle will be tested in model scale

on a tanker that is operated by Nordic
Tankers. The test will be carried out in the
towing tank at FORCE Technology.

CO2 is approx 5 to 10 %
Design
Test
Onboard
Effect of Silicone paint

Partners:
Documentation of effect of
silicone paints
HEMPEL and FORCE Technology has
made an official agreement to monitor
all new applications of HEMPASIL X3 with
the SeaTrend performance monitoring
software.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
fuel consumption is
approx 2 to 5 %
Currently a number of vessels have been

applied with both X3 paint and SeaTrend
software.
Based on the experience from the project
the effect of the newest generation of
silicone paints will be documented in real
service
Design
Test
Onboard

considered:
Machinery

optimization, etc.
monitoring, etc.
Logistics

SeaPlanner Fuel saver

Partners:
SeaPlanner on the DFDS fleet

The advanced version is specially suited for
Short Sea Shipping and will allow the officers to
plan their route taking into account ETA, weather
(wind, waves and current), and shallow waters.
With highly detailed weather prognoses of the
North Sea and Baltic Sea (supplied by DMI) and
with a GPS link, SeaPlanner continuously monitors
and guides the Master on the optimum speed and
heading.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
Fuel consumption is
approx. 1 to 3%
With this project DFDS and FORCE Technology

will show the potential of the SeaPlanner based
upon the experience gained through the initial
operation.
The system is currently installed on 7 vessels and
will be installed on additional 15 vessels in spring
2010.
Design
Test
Onboard
Lab on a ship
Partners:
RealTime analysis of bunker

quality and emissions with LOAS
Lab on a ship (LOAS) is a new and innovative
product by NanoNord. During bunkering LOAS
provides online measurements of the elements
of the bunker oil, lube oil, cylinder oil etc. In
addition the system offers online measurements
of exhaust gas emissions of NOx and SOx.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
SOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
With the LOAS system, the sulphur content of

both the bunker oil and the exhaust emissions
are measured and documented which is
important for the verification of the MARPOL
Annex IV regulations.
LOAS is installed onboard two Bulk Carriers
owned by Lauritzen Bulkers, and the project
aims at demonstrating the applicability of the
system.
Design
Test
Onboard
SIMAC GSF Student Forum

Partners:
SIMAC will establish a Student

Forum with focus on Green Ship
technologies
The forum will consist of a number of SIMAC
students writing their final project. The students
will study different topics related to on-board
applications, problems or procedures of green
ship technologies.
Fact Box
CO2
NOX
Newbuilding
Retrofit
SOX
DCMT will arrange contact between the

students and relevant partners in the GSF if
needed.
A list on projects has been established and this
will be used to encourage students to study
topics related to Green shipping.
Design
Test
Onboard

considered:
Machinery

optimization, etc.
monitoring, etc.
Logistics

Low emission concept ships

The challenge was to take
an existing modern
design and evaluate the
technologies suitable and
to generate a picture of the
improved performance of
the vessel.
We have evaluated two
different vessel types.
We have not changed the
hull form, the DWT or
other main parameters
Low emission concept ships
SEAHORSE 35
35.000 DWT Bulk Carrier
By Grontmij Carl Bro
A-Class
8500 TEU Container Ship
By Odense Lindoe Shipyard
Conclusion from Study

SEAHORSE 35 Bulk carrier, optimised with:
Speed nozzle/optimized propeller

Twisted spade rudder with Costa bulb
Water in fuel (WIF)
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
Waste Heat Recovery system (WHR)
Exhaust Gas Scrubber
Ducted/direct air intake for main engine
Optimised coolers and cooling pumps
Auxiliary engine operation on marine diesel oil (MDO)
High capacity fresh water generator
Extra costs 5 mill USD (Corresponds to approx 20% of newbuilding costs)
Goals
-30 % reduction of CO2 emissions
-90 % reduction of NOx emissions
-90 % reduction of SOx emissions
Results
- Achieved 7 %
- Achieved 90 %
- Achieved 79 %
Conclusion from Study

8500 TEU container vessel, optimised with:
Water in Fuel technology (WIF)

Exhaust gas recycling (EGR)
Waste heat recovery exhaust boilers
Power and Steam turbine technology
Exhaust gas Scrubber
Extra costs 10 mill Euro (Corresponds to approx 10% of newbuilding costs)
Goals
-30 % reduction of CO2 emissions
-90 % reduction of NOx emissions
-90 % reduction of SOx emissions
Results
- Achieved 11 -14 %
- Achieved 80 %
- Achieved 90 %
Main Conclusions from Concept Studies
With respect to NOx and SOx it is possible to reach the goals.

Reducing NOx and SOx will in some cases cost increased CO2 emission.
With respect to CO2 the study shows that we still need to work with
technical solutions and operation to meet goal.
Further reduction in CO2 must be obtained through continued efforts to
reduce vessel resistance, optimised operation (slow steaming), more
effective propulsion systems, more fuel efficient engines, alternative
fuel (LNG, Biofuel etc.) and addition of alternative green means of
propulsion (fuel cells, wind, solar etc.) etc.
Further reductions in CO2 will also reduce NOx and SOx emissions.
Retrofit challenges.
The challenge continues!
Status of the Green Ship of the Future project
Green technologies developed under GSF have now been introduced in

more than 40 ships from different Danish Shipowners.
Some of the Green ship technologies have already been implemented as
standard products especially with respect to machinery equipment and
onboard systems.
An increased awareness for implementation of GSF technologies is now
observed amongst partners the maritime business.
The GSF project has now moved into a more mature status, but new
projects are still needed to meet our targets.
More focus in the future on service experience (lessons learned).
Hopefully scientific papers presenting the GSF technologies will be an
outcome in the future.
Green ship of the Future @ Sea
Almost 40 ships @ sea with GSF

technologies onboard
..And more to come
Invitation
All companies, Organisations and Educational institutions

are invited to join Green Ship of the Future
Contacts:
Christian Schack
Mail: crs@force.dk; Phone: +45 72 15 78 05
Rasmus Carstens
Mail: rac@force.dk; Phone: +45 72 15 77 85
www.greenship.org

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4 Green Ship of The Future - GSF Coordinator

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Presentation of Green Ship of the Future

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Green Ship of the Future

Have we reached these goals - or will they be

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Green Ship Project Partners

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

The role of the network partners is to provide a network

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Green Ship of the Future

WHR, scrubbers, EGR, etc.

Propulsion Propellers, rudders, trim

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Better interaction between transport

The scrubber was installed onboard DFDS Tor

The expected reduction in

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Development of an Exhaust Gas

Software tests completed in

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Machinery for high-speed LNG-ferries

Evaluation of efficiency and

The first preliminary results suggest that if a recuperated gas turbine is

As a spin off, Mols-Linien is currently evaluating the implementation of LNG

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Pump and Cooling Water Systems

Optimization of pump and cooling water

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

MAN B&W ME-B with VTA

Optimisation of CO2 emission

Application of the 6S50ME-B8 with a VTA turbocharger gives an annual

The expected reduction in

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

System Integration and Waste Heat

Use of pre-insulated pipe systems

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

SCR System for NOx-reduction

SCR System with Digital Airless Multipoint

The Digital Airless Multipoint technology gives a

The developed SCR system is based on a modular concept and can be

The expected reduction in

The vessel is fulfilling the IMO requirements of 2016 and onwards.

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Dual / Multi MCR Certification

Development of main engines

Practical experience gained from installation

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Automated Engine Monitoring

Electronically controlled engines (ME):

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Turbo Charging & Variable Nozzle Ring

Variable nozzle rings

Together with Maersk ABB has installed

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Waste Heat Recovery Systems

Further development of Waste

Optimisation of WHR system given the available space constraints.

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Pump & Auxiliary Systems

Optimisation of pump and auxiliary systems

Green Ship of the Future - www.greenship.org

Optimised Control for Ship Cooling

Optimised Control for Energy