Passive Voice maneira normal

A formao da voz passiva em cada um dos tempos verbais

Veja na tabela abaixo um esquema geral mostrando como formar a voz passiva (afirmativa, negativa e
interrogativa) em cada um dos tempos verbais:
VERB TENSE

ACTIVE VOICE

PASSIVE VOICE
am/is/are + particpio

Simple Present

Paul paints the house every year.

The house is painted by Paul every year.

The house isn't painted by Paul every year.
Is the house painted by Paul every year?
am/is/are being + particpio

Present Progressive

Paul is painting the house.

The house is being painted by Paul.

The house isn't being painted by Paul.
Is the house being painted by Paul?
was/were + particpio

Simple Past

Paul painted the house.

The house was painted by Paul.

The house wasn't painted by Paul.
Was the house painted by Paul?
was/were being + particpio

Past Progressive

Paul was painting the house.

The house was being painted by Paul.

The house wasn't being painted by Paul.
Was the house being painted by Paul?
will be + particpio

Simple Future

Paul will paint the house.

The house will be painted by Paul.

The house won't be painted by Paul.
Will the house be painted by Paul?
am/is/are going to be + particpio

Future with "Be going

to"

Paul is going to paint the house.

The house is going to be painted by Paul.

The house isn't going to be painted by Paul.
Is the house going to be painted by Paul?
has/have been + particpio

Present Perfect

Paul has painted the house.

The house has been painted by Paul.

The house hasn't been painted by Paul.
Has the house been painted by Paul?
had been + particpio

Past Perfect

Paul had painted the house.

The house had been painted by Paul.

The house hadn't been painted by Paul.
Had the house been painted by Paul?
will have been + particpio
By next week, the house will have been
painted by Paul.

Future Perfect

By next week, Paul will have painted

By next week, the house won't have been
the house.
painted by Paul.
Will the house have been painted by next
week by Paul?

Outro exemplo (frase no presente present tense)

I throw the ball. (eu atiro a bola)
I = subject (sujeito)
Throw = verb (verbo)
The ball = Object (complemento direto pois responde pergunta o qu. O que que foi atirado?
A bola.)
Neste caso, a voz passiva fica: The ball is thrown (verbo auxiliar no PRESENTE e verbo principal no PP)
by me.
Agora juntamos um complemento indireto.
I throw the ball to my sister. (atiro a bola minha irm.)
My sister = complemento indireto pois responde pergunta a quem. A quem que a bola foi atirada?
minha irm. Temos agora um sujeito (I), um verbo (throw), um complemento direto (the ball) e um indireto
(my sister).
Neste caso possvel transformar a frase para a passiva de acordo com as duas opes:
The ball is thrown to my sister by me.
Ou seja, complemento direto + verbo auxiliar no tempo correspondente + verbo principal no PP +
complemento indireto + agente da passiva
OU
My sister is thrown the ball by me.
Ou seja, complemento indireto + verbo auxiliar no tempo correspondente + verbo principal no PP +
sujeito
Past Tense:
Active: I threw the ball to my sister.
Passive: The ball was thrown to my sister by me. OU My sister was thrown the ball by me.

Present Continuous:
Active: I am throwing the ball to my sister.
Passive: The ball is being thrown to my sister by me. OU My sister is being thrown the ball by me.

Past Continuous:
Active: I was throwing the ball to my sister.
Passive: The ball was being thrown to my sister by me. OU My sister was being thrown the ball by
me.

Present Perfect:
Active: I have thrown the ball to my sister.
Passive: The ball has been thrown to my sister by me OU My sister has been thrown the ball by me.

Past Perfect:
Active: I had thrown the ball to my sister.

Passive: The ball had been thrown to my sister by me. OU My sister had been thrown the ball by
me.
Future:
Active: I will throw the ball to my sister.
Passive: The ball will be thrown to my sister by me OU My sister will be thrown the ball by me.

Conditional:
Active: I would throw the ball to my sister.
Passive: The ball would be thrown to my sister by me. OU My sister would be thrown the ball by
me.

Agora vamos tentar uma frase interrogativa.

Active: Do I throw the ball to my sister?
Passive: Is the ball thrown to my sister by me?
Agora com sujeito indefinido:
Active: Someone throws the ball to my sister.
Passive: The ball is thrown to my sister.
Neste caso no necessrio acrescentar um agente da passiva pois o sujeito no est explcito.
Outros sujeitos indefinidos: One, Anyone, No One, People, Somebody, Anybody.

Com os modal verbs:

People can change their lifestyle. (activa)

- utiliza-se modal verb + be + particpio passado:

changed by people. (passiva)

Lifestyle can be

Passive Voice , impersonal structure

Impersonal Passive

We place It as the subject.

We make the normal Passive in the first verb. The rest of the sentence doesn't change:

It is claimed that the Mona Lisa is the most famous painting in the world.
Personal Passive
We use the Second Subject as the Subject for our Passive Sentence.
We make the normal Passive in the first verb.
When the second verb is a Simple Present or a Simple Future, we add an infinitive + to:
The Mona Lisa is claimed to be the most famous painting in the world".

WHAT ABOUT THE PRESENT PREGRESSIVE?

They think she is writing a book
It is thought she is writing a book
She is thought to be writing a book
PRSENT PERFECT?
They think she has written a book
She is thought to have written a book
PAST
They think that you lived in London
Impersonal
Remember we use It as a subject and change the first verb into the Passive Voice.
The rest of the sentence doesn't change:
It's thought that you lived in London
Personal
As the second verb is a Past Tense, we change it into a Perfect Infinitive to have lived.
You are thought to have lived in London
WHAT ABOUT THE PAST PROGRESSIVE?
People think that the government was building new schools
Impersonal
It's thought that the government was building new schools
Personal
You know we use the second subject as the main one and change the first verb into the
Passive Voice. We change the Progressive Past into a Progressive Perfect Infinitive to
have been building
The government is thought to have been building new schools
WHAT ABOUT THE PAST PERFECT?
This tense follows the same pattern presented in the simple past because both started
in the past and finished or are not longer happening in the present
They think that you lived in London
They think that you had lived in London
Impersonal
It is thought that you had lived in London
Personal
You are thought to have lived in London
FUTURE

They believe that the factory will make profit soon

Impersonal
It's believed that the factory will make profit soon
Personal

We use the second subject and change the first verb into the Passive Voice

When the second verb in the Passive Structure is a Simple Present or a Simple Future,
we change it into a To Infinitive:

The factory is believed to make profit soon

WHAT ABOUT THE FUTURE PERFECT?
They say that he will have delivered all the newspapers by 8 o'clock
impersonal
It is said that he will have delivered all
Personal
This tense follows the same pattern shown in the Present Perfect tense:
He is said to have delivered all the newspapers by 8 oclock
What makes different the Future Perfect from the Present Perfect is the time expression .

Phrasal verbs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Met with-confronted by something

Building Up Increasing
Found Out discovered
Handed Out Gave something to each person in a grou por place
Stand Out Are much better then other similar things or people
Miss out on Failed to use na opputunity to enjoy or get na advantage from something
Settle in Become familiar with somewhere new and feel confortable and happy there.

Relative Pronouns
1. Who (que): usado para se referir a pessoas.
The woman who lives next door is a dentist. (A mulher que mora ao lado dentista.)

Nesse caso observamos que o who identifica a mulher, que j foi mencionada anteriormente na
frase.
2. Which (que): usado para se referir a animais ou coisas, nunca a pessoas.

This is the book which I am reading. (Esse o livro que eu estou lendo.)
Aqui temos o which dando mais informaes sobre algo, no caso o livro.
3. That (que): usado para se referir tanto a pessoas quanto animais ou coisas. Usando os
mesmos exemplos acima podemos dizer:

The woman that lives next door is a dentist.

This is the book that I am reading.

4. Whom (quem): usado para se referir a pessoas, porm, apenas quando houver uma
preposio na frase. Vejamos:

The boy about whom you are talking is my neighbor. (O menino sobrequem voc est
falando meu vizinho.)

The clerk to whom I gave my documents is not here at the moment. (O funcionrio
para quem eu dei os documentos no est aqui no momento.)
importante notar que as estruturas que usam o whom so estruturas formais da lngua, mais
comumente usadas na linguagem escrita.
5. Where (onde): Refere-se a um lugar fsico.

Salvador is the city where I was born. (Salvador a cidade onde eu nasci.)
Nesse caso temos o where dando maiores informaes sobre algo, no caso a cidade de
Salvador, que havia sido mencionada anteriormente na frase.
6. Whose (cujo/cuja): usado para dar ideia de posse.

Mark is the boy whose mother is a famous actress. (O Mark o menino cujame
uma atriz famosa.)
O whose se refere ao menino, mas alm disso d a ideia de posse ligando a me ao menino.
Raramente usamos cujo e cuja na lngua falada do portugus, por conta disso as pessoas tm
um pouco mais de dificuldade de us-lo em ingls. Porm, no ingls, o whose bastante
usado, por isso vale a pena anotar e como eu digo sempre: praticar, praticar e praticar.
MODAL VERBS
1234-

Must Strong obligation ; logical conclusion ; certainty ; deduction

Must not Prohibition
Can Ability in the presente; permission ; possiblity ; lack of ability
Could Ability in the past; polite permission ; possibility now or in the future;

Impossibility
5- May Permission ; Possibility ; probability in the future
6- Might Polite Permission; Doubtful Possibilty; Probability in the future(less
probabel than may)
7- Will Request; Invitation ; Offer ; Facts in the future ; Predictions
8- Would Polite request ; Past habit
9- Need to Lack of necessity ; abssence of obligation
10 Shold to / ought to Mild obligation (50%); advice ; opinion ; logical
conclusion
11 Had better Advice
Conditionals
Type 0 If + Present Simple + Present Simple /Imperative Facts, true , routines.

Type 1 If + Present Simple + (Will/ Can + infinitive) possible

Type 2 If + Past Simple + (Modal Verb(would/could) + infiniive) Possible but improbable.
Type 3 If + Past Perfect (Had + PP) + (Modal verb + have + PP ) Impossible it is too late