Notations:

D
E
F
Fa
H
L
Lr
R
S
T

Dead load.
Combined effect of horizontal and vertical earthquake induced forces as defined in
Section 12.4.2 of ASCE 7.
Load due to fluids with well-defined pressures and maximum heights
Flood load in accordance with Chapter 5 ofASCE 7.
Load due to lateral earth pressures, ground water pressure or pressure of bulk materials
Live load, except roof live load, including any permitted live load reduction

Roof live load including any permitted live load reduction

Rain load
Snow load
Self-straining force arIsIng from contraction or expansion resulting from temperature change,
shrinkage, moisture change, creep in component materials, movement due to differential settlem
or combinations thereof.
Load due to wind pressure

e change,
ential settlement

Dead Loads:
Load 1

KN/m2

Load 2

KN/m2

Load 3

KN/m2

Load 4

KN/m2

Load 5

KN/m2

Load 6

KN/m2

Load 7

KN/m2

Load 8

KN/m2

Load 9

KN/m2

Load 10

KN/m2

Load 11

KN/m2

Load 12

KN/m2

Load 13

KN/m2

Load 14

KN/m2

Load 15

KN/m2

Load 1

KN/m2

Load 2

KN/m2

Load 3

KN/m2

Load 4

KN/m2

Load 5

KN/m2

Load 6

KN/m2

Load 7

KN/m2

Load 8

KN/m2

Load 9

KN/m2

Load 10

KN/m2

Load 11

KN/m2

Load 12

KN/m2

Load 13

KN/m2

Load 14

KN/m2

Load 15

KN/m2

Load 1

KN/m2

Load 2

KN/m2

Load 3

KN/m2

Load 4

KN/m2

Load 5

KN/m2

Live Loads:

Mechanical Loads:

Wind Design Data:

Basic wind speed (3-second gust),

Wind importance factor, I,

mph
#VALUE! Km/hr
#VALUE! m/sec
1

occupancy category

Wind exposure

Internal pressure coefficient

Earthquake Design Data:

Seismic importance factor,
occupancy category
Mapped spectral response acceleration, S s
Mapped spectral response acceleration, S l
Site class
Spectral response coefficient, SDS
Spectral response coefficient, SDl
Seismic design category
Basic seismic-force-resisting system
Design base shear
Seismic response coefficient(s), Cs
Response modification factor(s), R
Analysis procedure used

1
I

Table 1604.3
Deflection Limits
CONSTRUCTION
Roof members:e
Supporting plaster ceiling
Supporting nonplaster ceiling
Not supporting ceiling
Floor members
Exterior walls and interior partitions:
With brittle finishes
With flexible finishes
Farm buildings
Greenhouses

L
1/
1/
1/
1/

S or Wf

0+Ld,g

360
240
180
360

1/ 360
1/ 240
1/ 180
-

1/
1/
1/
1/

240
180
120
240

1/ 240
1/ 120
-

1/ 180
1/ 120

a.

For structural roofing and siding made of formed metal sheets, the total load deflection shall not exceed 1/60. For secondary
roof structural members supporting formed metal roofing, the live load deflection shall not exceed 1/150. For secondary wall
members supporting formed metal siding, the design wind load deflection shall not exceed 1/90. For roofs, this exception only
applies when the metal sheets have no roof covering.

b.

Interior partitions not exceeding 6 feet in height and flexible, folding and portable partitions are not governed by the
provisions of this section. The deflection criterion for interior partitions is based on the horizontal load defined in Section
1607.13.

c.

See Section 2403 for glass supports.

d.

For wood structural members having a moisture content of less than 16 percent at time of installation and used under dry
conditions, the deflection resulting from L + 0.5D is permitted to be substituted for the deflection resulting from L + D.

e.

The above deflections do not ensure against ponding. Roofs that do not have sufficient slope or camber to assure adequate
drainage shall be investigated for ponding. See Section 1611 for rain and ponding requirements and Section 1503.4 for roof
drainage requirements.

f.

The wind load is permitted to be taken as 0.7 times the"component and cladding" loads for the purpose of determining
deflection limits herein.

g.

For steel structural members, the dead load shall be taken as zero.

h.

For aluminum structural members or aluminum panels used in skylights and sloped glazing framing, roofs or walls of sunroom
additions or patio covers, not supporting edge of glass or aluminum sandwich panels, the total load deflection shall not
exceed 1/60. For continuous aluminum structural members supporting edge of glass, the total load deflection shall not exceed
1/175 for each glass lite or 1/60 for the entire length of the member, whichever is more stringent. For aluminum sandwich
panels used in roofs or walls of sunroom additions or patio covers, the total load deflection shall not exceed 1/120.

i.

For cantilever members, l shall be taken as twice the length ofthe cantilever.

Table 1604.5
Occupancy Category of Buildings and Other Structures
OCCUPANCY
CATEGORY

NATURE OF OCCUPANCY

Buildings and other structures that represent a low hazard to human life in the event of fai
including but not limited to:

II

Agricultural facilities.
Certain temporary facilities .
Minor storage facilities.
Buildings and other structures except those listed in Occupancy Categories I, III and IV

Buildings and other structures that represent a substantial hazard to human life in the eve
failure, including but not limited to:

Buildings and other structures whose primary occupancy is public assembly with an
occupant load greater than 300.

Buildings and other structures containing elementary school, secondary school or d

care facilities with an occupant load greater than 250.

Buildings and other structures containing adult education facilities, such as college
universities with an occupant load greater than 500.

III

Group 1-2 occupancies with an occupant load of 50 or more resident patients but n
having surgery or emergency treatment facilities.
Group 1-3 occupancies.
Any other occupancy with an occupant load greater than 5,000a.

Power-generating stations, water treatment facilities for potable water, waste wate
treatment facilities and other public utility facilities not included in Occupancy Catego
IV.
Buildings and other structures not included in Occupancy Category IV containing
sufficient quantities of toxic or explosive substances to be dangerous to the public if
released.

Buildings and other structures designated as essential facilities, including but not limited t

Group 1-2 occupancies having surgery or emergency treatment facilities.

Fire, rescue, ambulance and police stations and emergency vehicle garages.
Designated earthquake, hurricane or other emergency shelters.
Designated emergency preparedness, communications and operations centers and
other facilities required for emergency response.

IV

Power-generating stations and other public utility facilities required as emergency

backup facilities for Occupancy Category IV structures.

Structures containing highly toxic materials as defined by Section 307 where the
quantity of the material exceeds the maximum allowable quantities of Table 307.1(2).
Aviation control towers, air traffic control centers and emergency aircraft hangars.

Buildings and other structures having critical national defense functions .

Water storage facilities and pump structures required to maintain water pressure fo
suppression.

a.

For purposes of occupant load calculation, occupancies required by Table 1004.1.1 to use gross floor area calculations shall be
permitted to use net floor areas to I determine the total occupant load.

Table 1607.1
Minimum uniformly distributed Live Load and minimum concentrated Live Load
UNIFORM
CONCENTRAT
OCCUPANCY FOR USE
(Kpa)
(KN)
1
Apartments (see residential)
2
Access floor systems
Office use
2.40
8.9
Computer use
4.79
8.9
3
Armories and drill rooms
7.18
4
Assembly areas and theaters
Fixed seats (fastened to floor)
2.87
Follow spot, projections and control rooms
2.4
Lobbies
4.79
Movable seats
4.79
Stages and platforms
6
Other assembly areas
4.79
h
5
Balconies (exterior) and decks
same as
occupancy
served
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

21
22

Bowling alleys
Catwalks
Cornices
Corridors, except as otherwise indicated
Dance halls and ballrooms
Dining rooms and restaurants
Dwellings (see residential)
Elevator machine room grating (on area of 2,580 mm2)
Finish light floor plate construction (on area of 645 mm2)

Fire escapes
On single-family dwellings only
Garages (passenger vehicles only)
Trucks and buses
Grandstands
(see stadium and arena bleachers)
Gymnasiums, main floors and balconies
Handrails, guards and grab bars
Hospitals
Corridors above first floor
Operating rooms, laboratories
Patient rooms
Hotels (see residential)
Libraries
Corridors above first floor

3.59
1.92
2.87
4.79
4.79
4.79
4.79
1.92
1.92
see section 1607.6
4.79
see section 1607.7

1.33
1.33
0.89
Note a
-

3.83
2.87
1.92
-

4.45
4.45
4.45
-

3.83

4.45

Reading rooms
23

24

Stack rooms
Manufacturing
Heavy
Light
Marquees

2.87
7.18b

4.45
4.45

11.97
6
3.59

13.4
8.9
-

Table 1607.1 - Cont.

Minimum uniformly distributed Live Load and minimum concentrated Live Load
UNIFORM
CONCENTRAT
OCCUPANCY FOR USE
(Kpa)
(KN)
25
Office buildings
Corridors above first floor
3.83
8.9
File and computer rooms shall be designed for
heavier loads based on anticipated occupancy
-

26

27

Lobbies and first-floor corridors

Offices
Penal institutions
Cell blocks
Corridors
Residential
One- and two-family dwellings
Uninhabitable attics without storagei
Uninhabitable attics with limited storage
Habitable attics and sleeping areas
All other areas
Hotels and multifamily dwellings
Private rooms and corridors serving them
Public rooms and corridors serving them
Reviewing stands, grandstands and bleachers
Roofs
All roof surfaces subject to maintenance workers
Awnings and canopies
i, j, k

28
29

Fabric construction supported by a

lightweight rigid skeleton structure
All other construction
Ordinary flat, pitched, and curved roofs
Primary roof members, exposed to a work floor

4.79
2.4

8.9
8.9

1.92
4.79

0.78

0.96
1.44
1.92

1.92
4.79

note c

1.33

0.24 nonreducable
0.96
0.96

Single panel point of lower chord of roof

trusses or any point along primary structural
members supporting roofs:
Over manufacturing, storage
warehouses, and repair garages
All other occupancies
Roofs used for other special purposes
Roofs used for promenade purposes
Roofs used for roof gardens or assembly purposes

8.9

1.33
note 1

2.87
4.79

30

31
32

Schools
Classrooms
Corridors above first floor
First-floor corridors
Scuttles, skylight ribs and accessible ceilings

1.92
3.83
4.79
-

4.45
4.45
4.45
0.89

Sidewalks, vehicular driveways and yards, subject to

11.97d
35.6e
trucking
33
Skating rinks
4.79
Table 1607.1 - Cont.
Minimum uniformly distributed Live Load and minimum concentrated Live Load
UNIFORM
CONCENTRAT
OCCUPANCY FOR USE
(Kpa)
(KN)
34
Stadiums and arenas
Bleachers
35

36

37

38
39
40

Fixed seats (fastened to floor)

Stairs and exits
One- and two-family dwellings
All other
Storage warehouses (shall be designed for heavier loads
if required for anticipated storage)
Heavy
Light
Stores
Retail
First floor
Upper floors
Wholesale, all floors
Vehicle barrier systems
Walkways and elevated platforms (other than exitways)

Yards and terraces, pedestrians

4.79e

2.87

1.92
4.79

note f
note f

11.97
6

4.79
4.45
3.59
4.45
6
4.45
see section 1607.7.3
2.87
4.79
-

a.

Floors in garages or portions ofbuildings used for the storage ofmotor vehicles shall be designed for the uniformly distributed live
of Table 1607.1 or the following concentrated loads: (1) for garages restricted to passenger vehicles accommodating not more tha
passengers, 13.4 KN acting on an area of 114.3 mm by 114.3 mm; (2) for mechanical parking structures without slab or deck whic
used for storing passenger vehicles only, 10 KN per wheel.

b.

The loading applies to stack room floors that support nonmobile, double-faced library bookstacks, subject to the following limitatio
The nominal bookstack unit height shall not exceed 2,286 mm;
2. The nominal shelf depth shall not exceed 304.8 mm for each face ; and
3. Parallel rows of double-faced bookstacks shall be separated by aisles not less than 914.4 mm wide.

c.

Design in accordance with the ICC 300

d.

Other uniform loads in accordance with an approved method which contains provisions for truck loadings shall also be considered
appropriate.

e.

The concentrated wheel load shall be applied on an area of 114.3 mm by 114.3 mm.

f.

Minimum concentrated load on stair treads (on area of 2,580 mm 2) is 8.9 KN.

g.

Where snow loads occur that are in excess of the design conditions, the structure shall be designed to support the loads due to th
increased loads caused by drift buildup or a greater snow design determined by the building official (see Section 1608) . For speci
purpose roofs, see Section 1607.11.2.2.

h.

See Section 1604.8.3 for decks attached to exterior walls. Attics without storage are those where the maximum clear height betwe
the joist and rafter is less than 1,066.8 mm, or where there are not two or more adjacent trusses with the same web configuration
capable of containing a rectangle 1,066.8 mm high by 609.6 mm wide, or greater, located within the plane of the truss. For attics
without storage, this live load need not be assumed to act concurrently with any other live load requirements.

j.

For attics with limited storage and constructed with trusses, this live load need only be applied to those portions of the bottom cho
where there are two or more adjacent trusses with the same web configuration capable of containing a rectangle 1,066.8 mm high
609.6 mm wide or greater, located within the plane of the truss. The rectangle shall fit between the top of the bottom chord and t
bottom of any other truss member, provided that each of the following criteria is met:

i. The attic area is accessible by a pull-down stairway or framed opening in accordance with Section 1209.2, and
ii. The truss
have a bottom chord pitch less than 2:12.
iii. Bot
chords oftrusses shall be designed for the greater ofactual imposed dead load or 0.48 KPa, uniformly distributed over the entire sp
k.

Attic spaces served by a fixed stair shall be designed to support the minimum live load specified for habitable attics and sleeping
rooms.

l.

Roofs used for other special purposes shall be designed for appropriate loads as approved by the building official.

Table 1607.6
Uniform and Concentrated Loads (for Truck and Bus garages)
LOADING CLASS

UNIFORM LOAD CONCENTRATED LOAD (K

(KN/linear
meter of lane) For Moment

H20-44 and HS20-44

H15-44 and HS15-44

Design
80.06
60.05

9.34
7

a.

An H loading class designates a two-axle truck with a semitrailer. An HS loading class designates a tractor truck with a semitrailer
numbers following the letter classification indicate the gross weight in tons of the standard truck and the year the loadings were
instituted.

b.

See Section 1607.6.1 for the loading of multiple spans.

Table 1607.9.1
Live Load Element Factor, KLL
ELEMENT
Interior columns
Exterior columns without cantilever slabs
Edge columns with cantilever slabs
Corner columns with cantilever slabs
Edge beams without cantilever slabs
Interior beams
All other members not identified above including:
Edge beams with cantilever slabs
Cantilever beams
One-way slabs
Two-way slabs
Members without provisions for continuous shear transfer normal to their span

Table 1609.3.1
Equivalent Basic Wind Speeda,b,c(mph)
V3S
85 90 100
105
110
vfm
71 76
85
90
95
Equivalent Basic Wind Speed(m/s)

120

125

130

140

145

150

104

109

114

123

128

133

V3S

37 40

44

46.2

48.4

52.8

55

57.2

61.6

63.8

66

vfm

31 33

37.4

39.6

41.8

45.76

47.96

50.16

54.12

56.32

58.52

a.

Linear interpolation is permitted.

b.

V3S is the 3-second gust wind speed (mph) .

c.

vfm is the fastest mile wind speed (mph).

Table 1609.6.2(1)
Wind Velocity Pressure (qs) at standard height of 10ma
BASIC WIND SPEED(m/s)
37.4
39.6
44
46.2
48.4
52.8
55
57.2
61.6
63.8
66
70.4
74.8
a.

PRESSURE, qs(Kpa)
0.88578
0.991116
1.225728
1.350216
1.48428
1.766772
1.9152
2.073204
2.403576
2.577093
2.757888
3.13614
3.54312

For Basic Wind Speed not shown, use qs = 0.00063326089 V2

Table 1609.6.2(2)
Net Pressure Coefficients, Cneta,b
STRUCTURE OR
PART THREEOF

Cnet FACTOR

DESCRIPTION
Enclosed
Walls:
Windward wall
Leeward wall
Sidewall
Parapet wall

Windward
Leeward

Wind perpendicular to ridge

Leeward roof or flat roof
Windward roof slopes:
Condition
Slope<2:12(10)
Condition
Condition
Slope=4:12(18)
Condition
Condition
Slope=5:12(23)
1. Main wind-forceCondition
resisting frames
Condition
and systems
Slope=6:12(27)
Condition
Condition
Slope=7:12(30)
Condition
Condition
Slope=9:12(37)
Condition
Slope = 12:12 (45)

(+) Internal
pressure

(-) Internal
pressure

(+) Internal
pressure

0.43
-0.51
-0.66

0.73
-0.21
-0.35

0.11
-0.83
-0.97

1.28
-0.85
Enclosed

Roofs:

1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

Partially enc

1.28
-0.85
Partially enc

(+) Internal
pressure

(-) Internal
pressure

(+) Internal
pressure

-0.66

-0.35

-0.97

-1.09
-0.79
-1.41
-0.28
0.02
-0.60
-0.73
-0.42
-1.04
-0.05
0.25
-0.37
-0.58
-0.28
-0.90
0.03
0.34
-0.29
-0.47
-0.16
-0.78
0.06
0.37
-0.25
-0.37
-0.06
-0.68
0.07
0.37
-0.25
-0.27
0.04
-0.58
0.14
0.44
-0.18
0.14
0.44
-0.18
Wind parallel to ridge and flat roofs
-1.09
-0.79
-1.41
Nonbuilding structures: Chimneys, Tanks and similar structures
h/D
1
7

Square (wind normal to face)

Square (wind on digonal)
Hexagonal or Octagonal
Round
Open signs and lattice frameworks
Flat
Round

0.99
1.07
0.77
0.84
0.81
0.97
0.65
0.81
Ratio of solid to gross a
< 0.1
0.1 to 0.29
1.45
1.30
0.87
0.94

a.

Linear interpolation between values in the table is permitted.

b.

Some Cnet values have been grouped together. Less conservative results may be obtained by applying ASCE 7 provisions.

Table 1609.6.2(2) - Cont.

Net Pressure Coefficients, Cneta,b
STRUCTURE OR
PART THREEOF

Cnet FACTOR

DESCRIPTION

Roof elements and slopes

Enclosed
Gable of hipped configurations (Zone 1)
Flat < Slope < 6:12 (27) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-11C Zone 1
0.93 m2 or less
0.58
Positive
9.3 m2 or more
0.41
Negative

0.93 m2 or less

-1.00

9.3 m or more
-0.92
Overhang: Flat < Slope < 6:12 (27) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-11B Zone 1
0.93 m2 or less
-1.45
Negative

9.3 m2 or more

-1.36

46.5 m or more
-0.94
2. Components and 6:12 (27) < Slope < 12:12 (45) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-11D Zone 1
cladding not in
0.93 m2 or less
0.92
Positive
areas of
2
9.3 m or more
0.83
discontinuity roofs
0.93 m2 or less
-1.00
and overhangs
Negative
2
9.3 m or more
-0.83
Monosloped configurations (Zone 1)
Enclosed
Flat < Slope < 7:12 (30) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-14B Zone 1
0.93 m2 or less
0.49
Positive
2
9.3 m or more
0.41
2

Negative

0.93 m2 or less

-1.26

9.3 m2 or more
-1.09
Tall flat-topped roofs (h > 18.30 m)
Enclosed
Flat < Slope < 2:12 (10) (zone 1) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-17 Zone 1
0.93 m2 or less
-1.34
Negative
9.3 m2 or more
-0.92

a.

Linear interpolation between values in the table is permitted.

b.

Some Cnet values have been grouped together. Less conservative results may be obtained by applying ASCE 7 provisions.

Table 1609.6.2(2) - Cont.

Net Pressure Coefficients, Cneta,b
STRUCTURE OR
PART THREEOF

Cnet FACTOR

DESCRIPTION

Roof elements and slopes

Enclosed
Gable of hipped configurations at ridges, eaves and rakes (Zone 2)
Flat < Slope < 6:12 (27) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-11C Zone 2
0.93 m2 or less
0.58
Positive
2
9.3 m or more
0.41
Negative

0.93 m2 or less

-1.68

9.3 m or more
-1.17
Overhang for slope: Flat < Slope < 6:12 (27) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-11C Zone 2
0.93 m2 or less
-1.87
Negative
2
9.3 m or more
-1.87
6:12 (27) < Slope < 12:12 (45) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-11D Zone 2
0.93 m2 or less
0.92
Positive
9.3 m2 or more
0.83
Negative

0.93 m2 or less

-1.17

9.3 m or more
-1.00
3. Components and Overhang for 6:12 (27) < Slope < 12:12 (45) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-11D Zone
0.93 m2 or less
-1.70
cladding in areas of
Negative
discontinuities roofs
46.5 m2 or more
-1.53
and overhangs
Monosloped configurations at ridges, eaves and rakes (Zone 2)
2

Flat < Slope < 7:12 (30) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-14B Zone 2
0.93 m2 or less
0.49
Positive
9.3 m2 or more
0.41
Negative

0.93 m2 or less

9.3 m or more
Tall flat-topped roofs (h > 18.30 m)
2

-1.51
-1.43
Enclosed

Flat < Slope < 2:12 (10) (zone 2) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-17 Zone 2
0.93 m2 or less
-2.11
Negative
2
46.5 m or more
-1.51
Gable of hipped configurations at corners (zone 3) See ASCE Fig. 6-11
Flat < Slope < 6:12 (27)
Enclosed
2
0.93 m or less
0.58
Positive
2
9.3 m or more
0.41
Negative

0.93 m2 or less

-2.53

9.3 m or more

-1.85

a.

Linear interpolation between values in the table is permitted.

b.

Some Cnet values have been grouped together. Less conservative results may be obtained by applying ASCE 7 provisions.

Table 1609.6.2(2) - Cont.

Net Pressure Coefficients, Cneta,b
STRUCTURE OR
PART THREEOF

Cnet FACTOR

DESCRIPTION

Overhang for slope: Flat < Slope < 6:12 (27) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-11C Zone 3
0.93 m2 or less
-3.15
Negative
2
9.3 m or more
-2.13
6:12 (27) < Slope < 12:12 (45) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-11D Zone 3
0.93 m2 or less
0.92
Positive
9.3 m2 or more
0.83
Negative

0.93 m2 or less

-1.17

9.3 m or more
-1.00
Overhang for 6:12 (27) < Slope < 12:12 (45)
Enclosed
2
3. Components and
0.93 m or less
-1.70
cladding in areas of Negative
9.3 m2 or more
-1.53
discontinuities roofs
Monosloped configurations at corners (Zone 3) See ASCE 7 Fig, 6-14B
and overhangs
Flat < Slope < 7:12 (30)
0.93 m2 or less
0.49
Positive
9.3 m2 or more
0.41
Negative

0.93 m2 or less

-2.62

9.3 m or more
-1.85
Tall flat-topped roofs (h > 18.30 m)
Enclosed
Flat < Slope < 2:12 (10) (zone 3) See ASCE 7 Figure 6-17 Zone 3
0.93 m2 or less
-2.87
Negative
2
46.5 m or more
-2.11
Wall element: h = 18.30m (Zone 4) See ASCE 7 Fig. 6-11A
0.93 m2 or less
1.00
Positive
46.5 m2 or more
0.75
4. Components and
cladding not in

Negative

0.93 m2 or less

-1.09

46.5 m2 or more
-0.83
4. Components and
Wall element: h > 18.30m (Zone 4) See ASCE 7 Fig. 6-17 Zone 4
cladding not in
areas of
1.86 m2 or less
0.92
discontinuity walls Positive
46.5 m2 or more
0.66
and parapets
2
1.86 m or less
-0.92
Negative
46.5 m2 or more
-0.75
Parapet Walls
Positive
2.87
Negative
-1.68
a.

Linear interpolation between values in the table is permitted.

b.

Some Cnet values have been grouped together. Less conservative results may be obtained by applying ASCE 7 provisions.

Table 1609.6.2(2) - Cont.

Net Pressure Coefficients, Cneta,b
STRUCTURE OR
PART THREEOF

Cnet FACTOR

DESCRIPTION

Wall element: h 18.30m (Zone 5) See ASCE 7 Fig. 6-11A

0.93 m2 or less
1.00
Positive
2
46.5 m or more
0.75
Negative

0.93 m2 or less

-1.34

46.5 m2 or more
-0.83
4. Components and Wall element: h > 18.30m (Zone 5) See ASCE 7 Fig. 6-17 Zone 5
cladding in areas of
1.86 m2 or less
0.92
discontinuity walls Positive
2
46.5 m or more
0.66
and parapets
2
1.86 m or less
-1.68
Negative
46.5 m2 or more
-1.00
Parapet Walls
Positive
3.64
Negative
-2.45
a.

Linear interpolation between values in the table is permitted.

b.

Some Cnet values have been grouped together. Less conservative results may be obtained by applying ASCE 7 provisions.

Table 1610.1
Lateral Soil Loads
DESCRIPTION OF BACKFILL MATERIALc
Well-graded, clean gravels; gravel-sand mixes
Poorly graded clean gravels; gravel-sand mixes
Silty gravels, poorly graded gravel-sand mixes
Clayey gravels, poorly graded gravel-and-clay mixes

Well-graded, clean sands; gravelly sand mixes

Poorly graded clean sands; sand-gravel mixes
Silty sands, poorly graded sand-silt mixes
Sand-silt clay mix with plastic fines
Clayey sands, poorly graded sand-clay mixes
Inorganic silts and clayey silts
Mixture of inorganic silt and clay
Inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity
Organic silts and silt clays, low plasticity
Inorganic clayey silts, elastic silts
Inorganic clays of high plasticity
Organic clays and silty clays

UNIFIED SOIL
CLASSIFICATION

GW
GP
GM
GC
SW
SP
SM
SM-SC
SC
ML
ML-CL
CL
OL
MH
CH
OH

DESIGN LATERAL SOIL LOAD

depth)
Active pressure

4.71
4.71
6.28
7.065
4.71
4.71
7.065
7.065
9.42
7.065
9.42
9.42
Note b
Note b
Note b
Note b

a.

Design lateral soil loads are given for moist conditions for the specified soils at their optimum densities. Actual field conditions sha
govern. Submerged or saturated soil pressures shall include the weight of the buoyant soil plus the hydrostatic loads.

b.

Unsuitable as backfill material.

c.

The definition and classification of soil materials shall be in accordance with ASTM D 2487.

Table 1613.5.2
Site Class Definitions

AVERAGE PROPERTIES IN TOP 30.48m, SEE SECTION 1613.5

SITE
CLASS

SOIL PROFILE NAME

SOIL SHEAR WAVE

VELOCITY, VS (m/s)

STANDARD PENETRATION
RESISTANCE, N

Hard Rock

VS > 1524

N/A

N/A

Rock

762 < VS 1524

N/A

N/A

Very dense soil and soft rock

365.76 < VS 762

N > 50

Stiff soil profile

182.88 VS 365.76

15 N 50

Soft soil profile

VS < 182.88

N < 15

SOIL UNDRAINE
STRENGTH, Su

47.9 S

Any profile with more than 3m of soil having the following characteristic

1. Plasticity index PI> 20,

2. Moisture content w 40%, and
3. Undrained shear strength Su< 23.95 Kpa.

Any profile containing soils having one or more of the following characte

1. Soils vulnerable to potential failure or collapse under seismic loading suc

liquefiable soils, quick and highly sensitive clays, collapsible weakly cemen

2. Peats and/or highly organic clays (H> 3m of peat and/or highly organic c
H = thickness of soil)
3. Very high plasticity clays (H> 7.62m with plasticity index PI> 75)
4. Very thick soft/medium stiff clays (H> 36.576m)

Table 1613.5.3(1)
Values of Site Coefficient Faa
SITE CLASS

MAPPED SPECTRAL RESPONSE ACCELERATION AT SHORT PERIOD

SITE CLASS

Ss 0.25

Ss = 0.5

Ss = 0.75

Ss = 1.00

0.8
1
1.2
1.6
2.5
Note b

0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.7
Note b

0.8
1
1.1
1.2
1.2
Note b

0.8
1
1
1.1
0.9
Note b

A
B
C
D
E
F

S
0.8
1
1
1
0.9
Note b

a.

Use straight-line interpolation for intermediate values of mapped spectral response acceleration at short period, S s

b.

Values shall be determined in accordance with Section 11.4.7 of ASCE 7.

Table 1613.5.3(2)
Values of Site Coefficient Fva
SITE CLASS

MAPPED SPECTRAL RESPONSE ACCELERATION AT 1SECOND PERIOD

S1 0.1
S1 = 0.2
S1 = 0.3
S1 = 0.4

A
B
C
D
E
F

0.8
1
1.7
2.4
3.5
Note b

0.8
1
1.6
2
3.2
Note b

0.8
1
1.5
1.8
2.8
Note b

0.8
1
1.4
1.6
2.4
Note b

0.8
1
1.3
1.5
2.4
Note b

a.

Use straight-line interpolation for intermediate values of mapped spectral response acceleration at I-second period, S

b.

Values shall be determined in accordance with Section 11.4.7 of ASCE 7.

Table 1613.5.5
Site Classificationa
SITE CLASS
E
D
C
a.

vs

N or NCh

< 182.88 m/s

182.88 to 365.76 m/s
365.76 to 762 m/s

< 15
15 to 20
> 50

< 47.9 Kpa

47.9 to 95.8 Kpa
> 95.8 Kpa

If the Su method is used and the Nch and Su criteria differ, select the category with the softer soils (for example, use Site Class E
instead of D) .

TABLE 1613.5.6(1)
SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY BASED ON SHORT-PERIOD RESPONSE ACCELERATIONS
Value of SDS
SDS < 0.167g

Occupancy Category
I or II
III
IV
A
A
A

0.167g SDS < 0.33g

0.33g SDS < 0.5g

0.5g SDS

TABLE 1613.5.6(2)
SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY BASED ON 1-second PERIOD RESPONSE ACCELERATIONS
Occupancy Category
Value of SD1

Value of SD1
SD1 < 0.067g

I or II
A

III
A

IV
A

0.067g SD1 < 0.133g

0.133g SD1 < 0.2g

0.2g SD1

240
180
120
240
180
120

0. For secondary
or secondary wall
this exception only

ed by the
ed in Section

used under dry

rom L + D.

ssure adequate
n 1503.4 for roof

determining

r walls of sunroom
on shall not
on shall not exceed
num sandwich
1/120.

n life in the event of failure,

tegories I, III and IV

o human life in the event of

public assembly with an

, secondary school or day

cilities, such as colleges and

resident patients but not

000a.

able water, waste water

d in Occupancy Category

tegory IV containing
gerous to the public if

luding but not limited to:

ent facilities.
vehicle garages.
ers.
operations centers and

equired as emergency

ection 307 where the

tities of Table 307.1(2).

rcraft hangars.

se functions .
ntain water pressure for fire

area calculations shall be

ve Load
CONCENTRATED
(KN)
8.9
8.9
1.33
1.33
0.89
Note a
1607.6
1607.7
4.45
4.45
4.45
4.45

ib
ft2

x
x

0.004448 =
0.092903 =

KN
m2

psf

0.04788 =

KPA

60

2.87

2250

KN
10.0085

ib

4.45
4.45
13.4
8.9
-

ve Load
CONCENTRATED
(KN)
8.9
8.9
8.9
-

note c
1.33
-

8.9
1.33
note 1
-

4.45
4.45
4.45
0.89
35.6e
-

ve Load
CONCENTRATED
(KN)
note f
note f

4.45
4.45
4.45
e section 1607.7.3
-

he uniformly distributed live loads

accommodating not more than nine
res without slab or deck which are

bject to the following limitations:

1.
wide.

ngs shall also be considered where

o support the loads due to the

see Section 1608) . For special

maximum clear height between

the same web configuration
plane of the truss. For attics
rements.

se portions of the bottom chord

a rectangle 1,066.8 mm high by
op of the bottom chord and the

209.2, and

ii. The truss shall

iii. Bottom
distributed over the entire span.
abitable attics and sleeping

ding official.

ENTRATED LOAD (KN)b

For Shear
Design
115.65
86.74

actor truck with a semitrailer. The

the year the loadings were

KLL
4
4
3
2
2
2

150

160

170

133

142

152

66

70.4

74.8

58.52

62.48

66.88

net

FACTOR
Partially enclosed
(+) Internal
pressure

(-) Internal
pressure

0.11
-0.83
-0.97

1.05
0.11
-0.04

1.28
-0.85
Partially enclosed
(+) Internal
pressure

(-) Internal
pressure

-0.97

-0.04

-1.41
-0.60
-1.04
-0.37
-0.90
-0.29
-0.78
-0.25
-0.68
-0.25
-0.58
-0.18
-0.18
-1.41
ar structures
h/D
7

-0.47
0.34
-0.11
0.57
0.04
0.65
0.15
0.68
0.25
0.69
0.35
0.76
0.76
-0.47

25

1.07
1.53
0.84
1.15
0.97
1.13
0.81
0.97
atio of solid to gross area
0.1 to 0.29 0.3 to 0.7
1.30
1.16
0.94
1.08

g ASCE 7 provisions.

Cnet FACTOR
Partially enclosed

1
0.89
0.72
-1.32
-1.23

-11B Zone 1
-1.45
-1.36

-0.94
D Zone 1
1.23
1.15
-1.32
-1.15
Partially enclosed

1
0.81
0.72
-1.57
-1.40
Partially enclosed

7 Zone 1
-1.66
-1.23

g ASCE 7 provisions.

Cnet FACTOR
Partially enclosed

s (Zone 2)
2
0.89
0.72
-2.00

-1.49
7 Figure 6-11C Zone 2
-1.87

-1.87
D Zone 2
1.23
1.15
-1.49
-1.32
7 Figure 6-11D Zone 2
-1.70

-1.53
kes (Zone 2)
2
0.81
0.72
-1.83
-1.74
Partially enclosed

7 Zone 2
-2.42
-1.83
See ASCE Fig. 6-11C Zone
Partially enclosed
0.89
0.72
-2.85
-2.17

g ASCE 7 provisions.

Cnet FACTOR

7 Figure 6-11C Zone 3

-3.15

-2.13
D Zone 3
1.23
1.15
-1.49
-1.32
Partially enclosed
-1.70

-1.53
e ASCE 7 Fig, 6-14B Zone 3
0.81
0.72
-2.93
-2.17
Partially enclosed

7 Zone 3
-3.19
-2.42

. 6-11A
1.32
1.06

-1.40
-1.15

. 6-17 Zone 4
1.23
0.98
-1.23
-1.06
3.19
-2.00

g ASCE 7 provisions.

Cnet FACTOR

. 6-11A
1.32
1.06
-1.66
-1.15

. 6-17 Zone 5

g ASCE 7 provisions.

1.23
0.98
-2.00
-1.32
3.95
-2.76

N LATERAL SOIL LOADa (Kpa/m

depth)
At-rest pressure

9.42
9.42
9.42
9.42
9.42
9.42
9.42
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.7
Note b
Note b
Note b
Note b

es. Actual field conditions shall

ydrostatic loads.

SEE SECTION 1613.5.5

SOIL UNDRAINED SHEAR
STRENGTH, Su (Kpa)

N/A
N/A
Su 95.8
47.9 Su 95.8
Su < 47.9

following characteristics:

Kpa.

f the following characteristics:

under seismic loading such as

collapsible weakly cemented soils.

eat and/or highly organic clay where

icity index PI> 75)

m)

HORT PERIOD

Ss 1.25
0.8
1
1
1
0.9
Note b

hort period, S s.

COND PERIOD
S1 0.5
0.8
1
1.3
1.5
2.4
Note b

second period, S 1.

Su
< 47.9 Kpa
47.9 to 95.8 Kpa
> 95.8 Kpa

example, use Site Class E

Ultimate load combinations:

1

1.4

1.2

1.2 D

+ 1.6

1.2 D

+ 1.6 W

+ T
Lr OR
+ f1

5
6
7

1.2 D
0.9 D
0.9 D

+ 1.0 E
+ 1.6 W
+ 1.0 E

+ f1 L
+ 1.6 H
+ 1.6 H

f1

)
S
L

+ 1.6
OR

+
Lr OR

+ 0.5 (
+ f2 S

+
f1

+ 0.5

OR 0.8 W

OR

Lr

= 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly, for live loads in excess of 100 pounds per square foot (4
kN/m2) ,and for parking garage live load, and

= 0.5 for other live loads.

f2

= 0.7 for roof configurations (such as saw tooth) that do not shed snow off the structure, and
= 0.2 for other roof configurations.

Service load combinations:

1
2

D
D

+
+

F
H

4
5
6

D
D
D

+
+
+

H
H
H

+
+
+

7
8

+ T
Lr OR

OR R

F +
0.75
(
L + T
)
F + ( W OR 0.7 E
)
F +
0.75
( W OR 0.7 E
+
0.75
( Lr OR S OR R
)
0.6 D + W + H
0.6 D + 0.7 E + H

+
)

0.75
+

0.75

Lr OR
L

OR

OR R

pounds per square foot (4 .79

the structure, and

OR

PROJECT :
CLIENT
Job Ref#:

BUILDING DATA:
Nature of occupancy

Buildings and other structures that represent a

substantial hazard to human life in the event of f

Occupancy category

III

IBC 2009, T

WIND DATA:
Building Height, h =

18.00

Building width, b =

18.00

Ag =

342.00

Building length, l =
Building parapet height, hp =

18.00

Ag =

342.00

1.00

Openings area at short direction, A0 =

0.37

m2

A0i =

1.48

Openings area at long direction, A0 =

0.37

m2

A0i =

1.48

Openings area at roof =

0.37

m2
Agi =

1350.00

Agi =

1350.00

BUILDING ENCLOSURE TYPE IS

Building natural frequency, n1 =
Basic Wind Speed, V =
Importance Factor, I =
Exposure category

ENCLOSED
1.27

Hz

lower bound value

45.00
m/s
ADM defined figure
ASCE7-0
1.15
Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights
generally less than 9.1m. This category includes flat op
country, grasslands, and all water surfaces in hurricane
regions. Shall apply for all cases where Exposures
B or D do not apply.

Exposure category

Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights

generally less than 9.1m. This category includes flat op
country, grasslands, and all water surfaces in hurricane
regions. Shall apply for all cases where Exposures
B or D do not apply.

Height & exposure adjustment coefficient, =

ASC

es that represent a
n life in the event of failure
IBC 2009, Table 1604.5

342.00

m2

342.00

m2

1.48

m2

1.48

m2

1350.00

m2

1350.00

m2

NCLOSED

bound value

efined figure
ASCE7-05, Table 6-1

uctions having heights

tegory includes flat open
r surfaces in hurricane prone
where Exposures

ASCE7-05, 6.5.6

METHOD 1-SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE

Check satisfying minimum conditions:
1
2
3

The building is a simple diaphragm building as defined in Section 6.2.

The building is a low-rise building as defined in Section 6.2.
The building is enclosed as defined in Section 6.2 and conforms to the wind-borne
debris provisions of Section 6.5.9.3.

The building is a regular-shaped building or structure as defined in Section 6.2.

5
6

The building is not classified as a flexible building as defined in Section 6.2.

The building does not have response characteristics making it subject to across
wind loading, vortex shedding, instability due to galloping or flutter; and does not
have a site location for which channeling effects or buffeting in the wake of
upwind obstructions warrant special consideration.

The building has an approximately symmetrical cross section in each direction

with either a flat roof or a gable or hip roof with 45.

The building is exempted from torsional load cases as indicated in Note 5 of Fig.
6-10, or the torsional load cases defined in Note 5 do not control the design of
any of the MWFRSs of the building.

ASCE 7-05, 6.4.1.1.

OK
OK
OK
OK
OK

OK

OK
OK

Buildings
Buildings
Buildings
Buildings

and
and
and
and

other
other
other
other

structures
structures
structures
structures

that represent a low hazard to human life in the event of failure

except those listed in Occupancy Categories I, III and IV
that represent a substantial hazard to human life in the event of failure
designated as essential facilities

Urban
and suburban
areas, wooded
areas,
or other
terrain
with numerous
closely
obstructions
Open terrain
with scattered
obstructions
having
heights
generally
less than
9.1m.spaced
This category
includ
B or D do not apply.
Flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces outside hurricane prone regions. This category includes s

vent of failure

n the event of failure

obstructions
having
the size
of single-family
or larger
prevails
in the upwind
a dia
.spaced
This category
includes
flat open
country,
grasslands,dwellings
and all water
surfaces
in hurricane
pronedirection
regions. for
Shall

s category includes smooth mud flats, salt flats, and unbroken ice. Prevails in the upwind direction for a distance

ind direction
a distance
atcases
least where
792m or
20 times the height of the building, whichever is greater.
rone
regions. for
Shall
apply forofall
Exposures

rection for a distance greater than 1,524m or 20 times the building height, whichever is greater.

er is greater.

Table 26.6-1
Wind Directionality Factor, Kd
Structure Type
Buildings
Main Wind Force Resisting System
Components and Cladding
Arched Roofs
Chimneys, Tanks, and Similar Structures
Square
Hexagonal
Round
Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Freestanding and Attched Signs
Open Signs and Lattice Framework
Trussed Towers
Triangular, square, rectangular
All other cross sections
* Directionality factor Kd,

Directionality Facto
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.9
0.95
0.95
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.95

Directionality Factor, Kd*

0.85
0.85
0.85
0.9
0.95
0.95
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.95