GUIDE TO THE CONTRIBUTORS

I. Submission of the Manuscript

As part of the submission process, author/s are required to read the Guide to the Contributors and adhere to the
submissions compliance.
Only full-text article that is research- or quasi-research-based will be accepted. This must contain an original,
extensive study in the different areas of discipline and describes new and carefully confirmed findings.
Articles must be submitted as an e-mail attachment to the editor in chief at journaleic@dlsud.edu.ph
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Accepted articles written in Filipino will be translated into English. Both the Filipino and English versions will be
published.
1B

It is understood that the article submitted to this journal has not been published previously (except in the form of an
abstract or as part of published lecture) and that it is not being evaluated for publication in another journal.
The article submitted for publication should have been read and approved by all of the authors. Hence, a certificate
of declaration, indicating the corresponding contribution of each author must be signed by all authors before the
article will be accepted for review. A Certificate of Declaration form is available on-line.
2B

To be named as an author, the researcher(s) must have a substantial contribution to the study and should be able to
take responsibility for the result of the research. Articles published in this Journal represent the opinions of the
author(s) and should not be construed to reflect the opinions of the Editor(s) and the Publisher.
3B

The article should not exceed 6,000

Figures/Maps/Illustrations, and the like.

words

of

double-spaced

typescript

including

Tables

and

An article that does not conform to the style guide of this journal will not be accepted for review.
II. Editorial and Review Process
All articles are reviewed by the editor, members of the Editorial Board, and qualified referees.
Decisions will be made as soon as possible. The journal strives to forward reviewers comments to author/s within 4
weeks.

The editorial board follows a double-blind refereeing process in reviewing the articles.
Submission of revised articles to the Editorial Board must be done not later than two weeks from the time of receipt
of the evaluated paper. Failure of the author to resubmit the article on time may lead to the rejection or reevaluation of the paper.
Corrected proofs will be given to the author/s for final review. It is expected that only minor revisions will be made
by the corresponding author. If there are major revisions, the paper will be re-evaluated. This may cause the delay
or even refusal of publication.

III. Preparation of the Body of the Manuscript

Title. It should be a brief phrase describing the contents of the paper.
The Title Page should include the title of the article, the authors' full name, affiliations, e-mail addresses,
and the name of the corresponding author along with phone, fax, and e-mail information. This page also
includes the Running Head. This is the abridged version of the title which appears at the right side of every
page.
Succeeding pages should contain these sections, following the same order as they are presented
below.
Abstract. It should (a) be informative and clear, (b) briefly present the topic, (c) state the research studys
scope, (d) show significant data, and (e) state major findings and conclusions. Also, the abstract should be
200 words or less, should be written in the past tense, should use standard nomenclature, should not contain
abbreviations, and should not cite any literature.
Key words. These follow the abstract with about 5-7 words that will provide reference indexing.
Introduction. It should clearly state the problem, cite important literature on the subject, and explain the
proposed solution. The background of the study, objectives, and framework must be explained and
incorporated in this section. This should be written in text form, without tables or graphs. It should be
understandable to colleagues from a broad range of scientific disciplines.
Methods. This should describe the research design and the data collection techniques (including the
sampling method). This must be complete enough to allow possible replication of the same procedure.
Only new procedures should be described in detail. Methods that were published before must be cited. If
modifications in the procedure were done, all modifications must be briefly explained. Subheadings for
each distinct method or procedure must be used.

Trade names used in equipment and materials should be mentioned only in the method section. The symbol
may be included when appropriate. The generic or common name should be used in the text with the full
chemical name in parentheses at first mention.

Products and equipment should be identified by chemical or generic names or descriptions. When the
product or equipment was essential to the outcome of experiment, the proprietary or brand name, and name

and address(es) of manufacturer should be written in parenthesis, e.g., Latex agglutination Test (LAT) KIT,
BIOKIT S.A. Manufacturing Company, Barcelona, Spain.
If necessary, it must be mentioned that informed consent from adult participants and from parents/legal
guardians of minors has been obtained and ethical standards for human experimentation have been
followed. Likewise, the approval of study protocol and the approving body must be mentioned.
4B

Papers describing experiments on isolated tissues must indicate the procedure in acquiring the donor
tissues. Anesthetic and surgical procedures must be fully explained. This section must also state all possible
proof that animal suffering throughout the experiment was avoided by conducting necessary procedures in
treating animal subjects.
5B

In experimental study with animals, it must be mentioned that the maintenance and care of the

6B

animals comply with the guidelines of an institution or organization/agency authorized for use of animals
in research.
7B

All statistical procedures if needed, including methods of analysis, should be identified. The number of
replicates and subsamples and statistical tests should be stated. The statistical terms must be italicized.
Results and Discussion. These should be clearly and precisely presented, so these can include
subheadings. The past tense must be used in stating the findings of the study. The findings that are
supported with data must be explained.
While results and discussion are merged as one section, all results must be presented first with their
interpretation before the discussion is presented. Hence, the discussion must provide the overall
interpretation of findings and their significance in view of the results obtained in this and in past studies on
this topic. Previously published findings should be written in the present tense.
The discussion section and not the results section must contain the speculation and detailed interpretation
and discussion of data.
The conclusions should be stated in few sentences at the end of the paper and should be in the present
tense. There should be no further explanation of results when stating the conclusions. Recommendations,
when appropriate, should also be presented in this section.
Acknowledgment. This must be short and objective, added to the end of the article, and should only
include individuals or institutions that contributed to the study.
References: Authors are responsible for ensuring that the information in each reference is complete and
accurate. Only published references will be accepted in referencing.
In-text citation
This must be presented with the last name of the author/s and the year of publication enclosed in
parentheses. The name of the author/s and the year of publication must not be separated by a
comma.
In case of multiple authors, the ampersand should be used before the name of the last author; et al.
must be used if there are more than two authors to be cited.

If what is to be cited is directly quoted, the page number of the reference material must be
included in the citation appearing in the last part and is separated from the name and year of
publication by a comma.
Personal communications (chats, interviews, letters, emails) must be included in the in-text but not
cited in the end-of-text-citation. following this format: (Name of the person, personal
communication, date).
Any person cited as a source of personal communications should have approved such citation. A
formal authorization may be required at the editors discretion.

End-of-text citation
This should be arranged alphabetically. The names of authors must appear surname first followed
by their first and middle name initials without periods.
In case of multiple authors, ampersand must be used before the name of the last author. After five
authors, et al. must be used.
The names shall be followed by the year of publication enclosed in parentheses followed by a
period.
The journals and books title must be italicized and must end with a period.
The following details are outlined for writing the references used in the article.
1. Books and Monographs

1.1 Personal Authors

In-text citation: Schott and Priest (2002) reported that
The report revealed that 30% of the population (Schott & Priest 2002)
End-of- text citation:
Schott J & Priest J. (2002). Leading antenatal classes: A practical guide. 2nd ed. Boston
(MA): Books for Midwives.
1.2 Corporate Authors
In-text citation: The citation-sequence system (CSE 2006) was
End-of-text citation:
[CSE] Council of Science Editors, Style Manual Committee. (2006). Scientific style and
format: The CSE manual for authors, editors and publishers 7th ed. Reston
(VA): The Council.

1.3 Section, selective pages or chapter in book

End-of-text citation:
Lautamatti L. (1987). Observations on the development of the topic of simplified
discourse. In: Connor U & Kaplan RB, editors. Writing across languages:
Analysis of L2 texts. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.
pp. 87-114.
2. Journals
2.1 Standard journal article
In-text citation: Some countries recognize the importance of export as a foreign exchange key
source (Lall 2000) that
End-of- text citation:
Lall S. (2000). The Technological Structure and Performance of developing Country
Manufactured Exports, 1995-1998. Oxford Development studies. 28(3): 337-69.
2.2 Corporate author of article
In-text citation: Emergency department guidelines on thoracotomy (ACS 2001)
End-of- text citation:
[ACS] American College of Surgeons, Committee on Trauma, Ad Hoc Subcommittee on
Outcomes, Working Group. (2001). Practice management guidelines for
emergency department thoracotomy. Journal of American College of Surgeons.
193(3):303-309.
2.3 Articles with the same author(s)
In-text citation: Abbotts studies on sequence methods (1990; 1995) have shown that
End-of- text citation:
Abbott A. (1990). A primer on sequence methods. Organization Science, 1: 375392.
Abbott A. (1995). Sequence-analysisNew methods for old ideas. In: Hagan J & Cook
K (Eds.). Annual review of sociology. 21: 93113. Palo Alto, CA: Annual
Reviews.
2.4 Articles with same author(s) and published in the same year
In-text citation: Cold hardiness in cereals (Andrews 1960a; 1960b) is affected by
End-of- text citation:
Andrews JE. (1960a). Cold hardiness of sprouting wheat as affected by duration of
hardening and hardening temperature. Canadian Journal of Plant Science.
40(1):93-102.

Andrews JE. (1960b). Cold hardening and cold hardiness of young winter rye seedlings
as affected by stage of development and temperature. Canadian Journal of
Botany. 38(3):353-363.
2.6 Articles with more than five authors
In-text citation: a study on students interpretation of the words computer and information and
communication technology in five countries (Jan et al.. 2010) established that
End-of- text citation:
Elen J, Clarebout G, Sarfo F, Louw LP, Pys-Tarhonen J, et al. 'Computer' and
'Information and Communication Technology': Students' culture specific
interpretations . Journal of Educational Technology & Society. 13(4): 227-239.
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3. For Electronic Sources

3.1 Identifiable Author
In-text citation: (Morris 1999)
End-of- text citation:
Morris C. (modified 1999 March 25). Academic Press dictionary of science and
technology [Internet]. Orlando (FL); Harcourt, Inc.; [retrieved March 28 2001],
from: http//www.harcourt.com/dictionary/

3.2 World Wide Web: Article in electronic journal

In-text citation: (Savage et al. 2005)
End-of- text citation:
Savage E, Ramsay M, White J, Beard S, & Lawson H. (2005). Mumps outbreaks across
England and Wales in 2004: observational study. Bio Medical Journal
[Internet]. [cited 2005 May 31]; 330(7500):1119-1120. Available from: http://
bmj.bmjjournals.
com
/cgi/
reprint
/330/7500/1119
doi:10.1136/
bmj.330.7500.1119.
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IV. Writing Style and Format

Font: Times Roman, font size (point) 12
Spacing and Margins: double-spaced on short (210 x 297 mm, 8X11) bond paper, with margins of 2.54 cm (1
inch) on all sides.
Pages: must be numbered (starting from title page) consecutively, including tables, figures, plates, and the like. Page
entry at the bottom right of each page should indicate also the total number of pages (Page 1 of 10 pages).

Content details

1.

Paragraphs . These should be justified and double-spaced. Sentences should be separated by one space.
The first sentence in the paragraph is indented.
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2.

Scientific names should be italicized.

3.

Measurements . The SI of measurement should be used. Authors should use the solidus presentation
(mg/ml).
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4. Abbreviations and Acronyms . Only standard abbreviations should be used. Authors must explain each
scientific abbreviation at its first occurrence in their paper. Acronyms are to be spelled out first and
then enclosed in parenthesis at first mention [e.g., Brain Tissue Homogenate (BTH)]. Standard
abbreviations (such as ATP and DNA) need not be defined.
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5. Number, Fractions, and Other Mathematical Expressions . Numbers should be written in words if these
appear at the start of the sentence.
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Decimals, instead of fractions, should be used in the text, tables, and illustrations except when used as
part of a mathematical proof.
Ordinal numbers and cardinal numbers should be treated in the same way, for example, 2nd, 23rd,
157th.
Percentages are written as numerals followed by the percent sign with no space between them. (e.g.
10.6%).
Numbers from one to nine should be written in full, e.g., one, twonine, except when used in
measurement, e.g., 1.0 ml. Numbers over nine within the sentence should be written in Arabic
numerals, e.g., 10, 200, 9,000.

6.

Tables and Figures . Tables and figures should fit the working area for the text of the journal.

They should conform to the journals page size and style. They should be self-explanatory without
reference to the text. The same data should not be presented in both table and graph form or repeated in
the text.

Preparation of Tables and Figures

Table. Each table should be on a separate page, numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals,
presented only with horizontal grids, and supplied with a heading and a legend. The
horizontal grid must only be used to separate the major headings, and not the individual data.
All necessary information should be preferably presented in the heading and without a period
at the end. It should be introduced in the text before they are presented.
There should be no abbreviations in the Table. If abbreviations are deemed necessary, they
should be spelled out in the legends or footnotes. A maximum of three footnotes is allowed in
the table.
It should be comprehensible, which means that the reader need not refer to the main body of
the text to understand the contents of a table.
It should contain only the essential data. They should be presented in Word Table format,
flush left, sentence style and typewritten on separate pages after the references section.

Figure. It should be typed in numerical order on a separate sheet. Graphics should be

prepared and rendered in high resolution GIF, TIFF or JPEG file (must also be submitted as
separate files with the manuscript) before pasting in the Microsoft Word manuscript file.
Include sufficient description so that the figure is understandable without reading the text of
the manuscript.
Figure should be mentioned in numerical sequence. Each is numbered with an Arabic number,
and sentence style is used for the caption (without a period at the end).
8. Photographs/maps/illustrations or drawings/architecture plans/designs
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Photographs/maps/illustrations or drawings/architecture plans/designs should be of a professional quality

and ready for reproduction. They should be original and clear.

Photographs. Photocopies of photographs and figure drawings will not be accepted.

Pictures taken from the microscopes (photomicrographs) should include level
of
magnification, and measurement. Preferably a bar denoting scale of measure (, e.g.,
bar=10m) must be used.
Maps. These should be drawn in scale following the Grahams method of presentation.
Architectural drawings should likewise follow the Grahams method of presentation.
Engineering
drawings/illustrations should follow the engineering scaling for such. All
drawings should be presented using AutoCAD.
Illustrations. All illustrations should be accompanied by captions typed on a separate sheet.
Line drawings of maps and flow charts should be neatly drawn. Extremely small type (use
10 points or bigger), fine-grained stippling or faint shading should be avoided because these
may result in the loss of contrast and detail in printing.
9.

Labeling .
Captions
and
legends
illustrations/photographs/maps/figures.
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should

be

printed

at

the

bottom

of

each

Captions for the Table must be written above the Table, while the legends/source notes are written at the
bottom.
V. Copyright
Submission of articles implies that if and when the articles are accepted for publication, copyrights for articles are
retained by the authors. A copyright form which is available on-line, must be filled out by the author/s.