Transcript

1. Mathematics around us Mathematics expresses itself everywhere, in almost every

facet of life - in nature all around us, and in the technologies in our hands.
Mathematics is the language of science and engineering - describing our
understanding of all that we observe. This presentation explores the many wonders
and uses of mathematics in daily lives. This exhibition is divided into nine areas
focusing on different aspects of mathematics.

2. Arithmetic Progression is useful in predicting an event if the pattern of the event is

known. For Example, If an asset costs v when new, and is depreciated by d per
year, its value each year can be represented by an arithmetic progression v, v-d, v2d, ....Arithmetic progression What is Arithmetic progression?

3. Its patterns over time have caused park rangers to develop predictable eruption
times using an arithmetic sequence. No one controls the geyser like an amusement
park ride. When tourists visit Old Faithful, they will see a sign that indicates an
estimated time that the geyser will next erupt. Old Faithful is a popular attraction at
Yellowstone National Park, because the geyser produces long eruptions that are fairly
predictable. Arithmetic progression in nature

4. In this particular situation, the next eruption will occur in an = 46+(n 1)12
minutes, if the previous eruption was n minutes long. An eruption of n minutes will
indicate that the next eruption, an, will occur in an = a1 + (n 1)d minutes, where a1is
the length after a one-minute eruption, and d is the constant difference of waiting time
among eruptions that are a one-minute difference in time. This pattern continues
based on a constant difference of twelve minutes, forming an arithmetic sequence of
46, 58, 70, 82, 94, .. If an eruption lasts two minutes, then the next eruption will
occur in approximately fifty-eight minutes. If an eruption lasts one minute, then the
next eruption will occur in approximately forty-six minutes (plus or minus ten
minutes). The time between eruptions is based on the length of the previous
eruption Old Faithful

5. Trigonometry is the branch of mathematics that studies triangles and their

relationships.Trigonometry in daily life What is Trigonometr y?And how is it used?

6. The Pyramids of Giza Primitive forms of trigonometry were used in the

construction of these wonders of the world.

7. Architecture remains one of the most important sectors of our society as they plan
the design of buildings and ensure that they are able to withstand pressures from
inside. Some instances of trigonometric use in architecture include arches, domes,
support beams, and suspension bridges. For example, architects would have to
calculate exact angles of intersection for components of their structure to ensure
stability and safety. In architecture, trigonometry plays a massive role in the
compilation of building plans. Architecture

8. Jantar Mantar observatory For millenia, trigonometry has played a major role in
calculating distances between stellar objects and their paths.

9. Menelaus Theorem helps astronomers gather information by providing a backdrop

in spherical triangle calculation. Astronomers use the method of parallax, or the
movement of the star against the background as we orbit the sun, to discover new
information about galaxies. In our modern age, being able to apply Astronomy helps
us to calculate distances between stars and learn more about the universe.
Astronomy has been studied for millennia by civilizations in all regions of the world.
Astronomy

10. Grand Canyon Skywalk Geologists had to measure the amount of pressure that
surrounding rocks could withstand before constructing the skywalk.

11. Any adverse bedding conditions can result in slope failure and the entire collapse
of a structure. Although not often regarded as an integral profession, geologists
contribute to the safety of many building foundations. Trigonometry is used in
geology to estimate the true dip of bedding angles. Calculating the true dip allows
geologists to determine the slope stability. Geology

12. Pattern is repeated over and over 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233,
377, 610, 987, Fn + 2 = Fn + 1 + Fn Number obtained is the next number in the
series Next number is found by adding the last two numbers together Series
begins with 0 and 1 Were introduced in The Book of Calculating Fibonacci series
around us What are fibonacci series?

13. Who Was Fibonacci? ~ Born in Pisa, Italy in 1175 AD ~ Full name was Leonardo
Pisano ~ Grew up with a North African education under the Moors ~Traveled
extensively around the Mediterranean coast ~ Met with many merchants and learned
their systems of arithmetic ~Realized the advantages of the Hindu-Arabic system

14. ~ Pattern is repeated over and over 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233,
377, 610, 987, Fn + 2 = Fn + 1 + Fn ~ Number obtained is the next number in the
series ~ Next number is found by adding the last two numbers together ~ Series
begins with 0 and 1 ~ Were introduced in The Book of Calculating Fibonacci
Numbers

15. Fibonaccis Rabbits Suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits (one male, one female)
are put in a field. Rabbits are able to mate at the age of one month so that at the end of
its second month, a female can produce another pair of rabbits. Suppose that the
rabbits never die and that the female always produces one new pair (one male, one
female) every month from the second month on. How many pairs will there be in one
year?

16. 5 pairs of rabbits produced in one year 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, End of the
fourth month = 5 pair End of the third month = 3 pair End of the second month =
2 pair End of the first month = 1 pair Fibonaccis Rabbits Continued

17. Fibonacci spiral is found in both snail and sea shellsFibonacci Numbers in
Nature

18. Sneezewort (Achillea ptarmica) shows the Fibonacci numbersFibonacci

Numbers in Nature

19. Two counter-clockwise rotations Three clockwise rotations, passing five leaves
Plants show the Fibonacci numbers in the arrangements of their leaves Fibonacci
Numbers in Nature

20. Pinecones clearly show the Fibonacci spiralFibonacci Numbers in Nature

21. A Lilies and irises = 3 petals Buttercups and wild roses = 5 petals Corn marigolds
= 13 petals Black-eyed Susans = 21 petals Fibonacci Numbers in Nature

22. 55 spirals spiraling outwards and 34 spirals spiraling inwards The Fibonacci
numbers are found in the arrangement of seeds on flower heads Fibonacci Numbers
in Nature

23. Fibonacci spiral can be found in cauliflowerFibonacci Numbers in Nature

24. Pineapple scales have Fibonacci spirals in sets of 8, 13, 21 Bananas have 3 or 5
flat sides The Fibonacci numbers can be found in pineapples and bananas
Fibonacci Numbers in Nature

25. Euclid showed how to find the golden section of a line Mathematical definition
is Phi2 = Phi + 1 Ratio of Phi is 1 : 1.618 or 0.618 : 1 Phi equals and
0.6180339887 Represented by the Greek letter Phi Golden Section What is
golden section ? < -------1------->A G g GB = AG or 1 g = g B 1-g so that g2 = 1 g

26. The coordinates are successive Fibonacci numbers Fourth point close to the line
is (3, 5) Third point close to the line is (2, 3) Second point close to the line is (1,
2) First point close to the line is (0, 1) The graph shows a line whose gradient is
Phi The Fibonacci numbers arise from the golden section Golden Section and
Fibonacci Numbers

27. Limit is the positive root of a quadratic equation and is called the golden section
Obtained by taking the ratio of successive terms in the Fibonacci series The golden
section arises from the Fibonacci numbers Golden Section and Fibonacci Numbers

28. Pentagram describes a star which forms parts of many flags European Union
United States The diagonals cut each other with the golden ratio Is the ratio of the
side of a regular pentagon to its diagonal Golden Section and Geometry

29. Plants seem to produce their leaves, petals, and seeds based upon the golden
section One sees the smaller angle of 137.5o Is 0.618 of 360o which is 222.5o

All are placed at 0.618 per turn Arrangements of leaves are the same as for seeds
and petals Golden Section in Nature

30. Front elevation is built on the golden section (0.618 times as wide as it is tall)
Golden section appears in many of the proportions of the Parthenon in Greece
Golden Section in Architecture

31. Perimeter of the pyramid, divided by twice its vertical height is the value of Phi
Golden section can be found in the Great pyramid in Egypt Golden Section in
Architecture

32. Golden section continues to be used today in modern architecture United Nations
Headquarters Secretariat building Golden section can be found in the design of
Notre Dame in Paris Golden Section in Architecture

33. Golden section can be found in Leonardo da Vincis artwork The

AnnunciationGolden Section in Art

34. a The Last Supper Madonna with Child and SaintsGolden Section in Art

35. Golden section can be seen in Albrecht Durers paintings Trento

NurnbergGolden Section in Art

36. Baginsky used the golden section to construct the contour and arch of violins
Stradivari used the golden section to place the f-holes in his famous violins Golden
Section in Music

37. Is a perfect division according to the golden section Development and

recapitulation consisted of 62 measures Exposition consisted of 38 measures
Divided sonatas according to the golden section Mozart used the golden section
when composing music Golden Section in Music

38. Also appears at the recapitulation, which is Phi of the way through the piece
Opening of the piece appears at the golden section point (0.618) Beethoven used
the golden section in his famous Fifth Symphony Golden Section in Music

39. Fibonacci Numbers and Golden Section at Towson

40. Fibonacci Numbers and Golden Section at Towson

41. Thank You -Rachit Bhalla