Introduction

Durgapur steel plant is the third integrated Steel plant of the Steel Authority of
India Limited to come up under public sector in India. The plant was set up with an
initial capacity of 1 million tones per annum of crude steel by a group of British
companies in the late 50s. It was later expanded to 1.6 MTPA in late sixties. Later
on SAIL decided to modernize DSP with government approval in 1989 and the
present capacity is 2 MTPA of hot metal.
Durgapur was selected as location of an industrial steel plant, because of its
proximity of coal fields, the Grand Trunk Road, Calcutta- Delhi main railway track,
Calcutta port, power from Damodar Valley Corporation and water from Durgapur
Barrage on river Damodar.
The plant started iron production on 26th Dec, 1959. The Plant produces Wheels
& Axles mainly for Indian Railways. The other products are Light & Medium
Sections, Merchant Products, Skelps, Blooms and Billets. All the production
departments of the plant are covered by ISO 14001:2004 EMS and OHSAS 18001
certification.

Historical Background
It is said that Durgapur is the child of independence. An outcome of a strong
desire to become self sufficient in steel and strengthen the core sector of Indian
economy. Even in late 50s, the crude steel output in our country was as low as 1
million ton per annum.
In early 50s, India went for rapid industrialization under our visionary Prime
Minister Pandit Jawharlal Nehru. It was realized that steel was one of the most
important ingredients for rapid industrialization of India and a number of Steel Plants
came into being in the country. Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, the first Chief Minister and
the architect of modern Bengal dreamt of setting up an integrated steel plant at
Durgapur. The idea was subsequently firmed up as a follow up recommendations of
Colombo Plan Mission. The contract to construct a steel plant in Durgapur was
awarded to a consortium of thirteen British Companies Indian Steel Works
Construction Company Limited (ISCON) in October 1956. Sir Cyril E Jones was the
Chairman of ISCON and Mr. D J Bell was the Resident Director at site. Mr. K K Sen
was the first General Manager of Durgapur Steel Project.
A total of 6,568 hectares of land was acquired and the construction begun at the
site in January 1957. Durgapur Steel was braught under Hidustan Steel Limited on
April 1, 1957. The first Blast Furnace, Kasturba, was dedicated to the nation by Dr.
Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India on Dec. 29th, 1959. The Plant cast its
Steel Ingot on April 24, 1960. In 1965-66 the plant recorded its first Net Profit of
Rs.29 Lakhs. Later on capacity expansion of DSP to 1.6 million tonne per annum was

completed in the year 1968-69. Further modernization of DSP was taken up with
production capacity of 2.088 MT of hot metal, 1.802 MT of crude steel and 1.586 MT
of saleable steel. This process of Modernization of major units was commissioned by
April 1996.

General Overview of DSP

Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP) is a unit of the PSU steel major Steel Authority of
India Limited - Indias largest steel producer. SAIL operates and owns five integrated
steel plants at Bhilai, Durgapur, Bokaro, Rourkela and Burnpur and three specialty
steel plants at Salem, Durgapur and Bhdravati. DSP is an integrated steel plant having
major units like Raw material Handling Plant, Coke Ovens. Sinter Plant, Blast
Furnace, Steel Melting Shop, Continuous Casting Plant, Rolling Mills and Wheel and
Axle Plant. The iron ore are received, stacked and reclaimed at Raw Material
Handling Plant. A part of iron ore (especially iron ore fines) are sent to Sinter Plant
for agglomeration, while the lump ore is sent to Blast Furnace. Another important raw
material is coal, which is converted into coke at Coke Ovens. Sinter, coke and lump
ore along with flux material are charged into Blast Furnaces for making hot metal.
Hot metal is converted into steel by blowing Oxygen at Steel Melting Shop. Liquid
steel produced at SMS are primarily cast into blooms and billets at Continuous
Casting Plant. The blooms and billets are further processed /rolled at different mills
for producing different finished products. Some part of the blooms and billets are also
as semis in the market. A part of liquid steel is also cast as bigger size ingots, which
are further processed/rolled as finished products. Hence DSPs products can broadly
be categorized in two groups- finished and semis. DSP has an important contribution
towards SAILs overall product basket.
Durgapur Steel Plant situated at distance of 158 km from Calcutta, the
geographical location is 23 27 north and 88 29 east. It is situated on the banks of
the river - Damodar. The plant, spread over an area of 6.5 sq km, employs a
workforce of about 15,200 people.

Major Product Profile

The main products of Durgapur Steel Plant are as follows:
Products

Application

Finished products
TMT Bars & Rods
Medium Structural
(Angle, Channels and Joists)
Wheel & Axles
Skelp
Semis : Blooms, Billets & Slabs

Construction & Fabrication

Construction & Fabrication
Railways
Tube Manufacturing
Re-rolling & Forging

Major Highlights:

2.2

Blast Furnace
Hot Metal (MT)

1.92
1.9

2.15
2.06

2.1

1.84

1.95

1.8
1.78

1.85

1.76

1.8

1.74
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
105% of rated capacity utilisation

Saleable Steel (MT)

2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
106% of rated capacity utilisation

1.72

1.72

Wheel & Axle

(Nos)

69000
1.7

1.71

68800

68500
68000

1.7

67500

1.69

66532

67000

1.67

65838

66500
66000

1.67

65500

1.66

65000

1.65

64500

1.64

64000
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
68,800 wheels supplied to Indian Railways

2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
108% of rated capacity utilisation

Coke Ovens
(Pushing per day)

Labour Productivity
(t/man/year)

302.3
250

302

195.4

300
298

1.8

1.82

1.9

304

1.87

1.86

1.95

1.68

1.91

1.88

2.05
2

Steel Melting Shop

Crude Steel (MT)

2.19

208

200
142.6

296.4
150
295

296

100

294
50
292
0

290
2005-06

2005-06

2006-07
2007-08
302.3 pushing per day

2006-07

2007-08

Process Flow Diagram

Benzene, Toluene,
Light Solvent
Napta, Napthalene,
Creosote Oil,
Crude Tar,
Ammonium
Sulphate, Light Oil

Lime Stone,
Dolomite, Iron
Ore, Ferro Mn,
Ferro Si, Silico Mn
Coal
Raw Material
Handling Plant
Lime Stone
NLCP

Coal Handling
Plant

Sinter Mix
Iron
Ore
Lump

Coke
Oven

Sinter Plant

Coke
Slag

SGP
Granulated Slag

Hot Metal
Scrap

Steel Melting Shop (BOF)

Coal
Clean Gas
Chemicals

Sinter

Blast Furnace

FeSi Lime
FeMn
Dolo
I/Ore
Lump

CO
Gas

Scrap
Yard

Return
&
Process
Scrap

PCM

Oxygen
Plant

O2, Ar, N2

Pig Iron

O2 & N2
for Sale

Liquid Steel
Continuous Casting
Billet
CCP Caster

CC Billet
for Sale

Wheel
Ingots Spl Casting Bay
8 T Ingots
Stripped
Wheel
Striper
Ingots
Bay
Stripped Ingots
Blooms for Sale
Wheel & Axle for
Railway Carriage
Blooming
W
&
A
Plant
Mill
Blooms

Bloom Caster

Rolled Billets

Merchant Mill
Plain Rounds &
Ribbed Rounds
(TMT Bars)

Teeming Stage

Billet & Slabs

Billet
for Sale
Mill
Rolled Slabs
Skelp Mill

Steel Strip / Skelp

Section Mill

Angles, Channel, Joist

Major Production Departments

Raw Material Handling Plant
Raw Material Handling Plant is the starting point of steel making process. The
objective of RMHP is to receive, load, unload and places all the raw materials
required for steel making i.e. Iron ore, Limestone, and Dolomite. Apart from this,
RMHP also deals with Sinter mix preparation using state of the art automation
system.
Iron ore, coal and limestone are the three basic raw materials for the steel industry.
Durgapur Steel Plant draws its coal from the adjacent Jharia-Ranigunj coal belt. A
good amount of prime coking coal, having fairly low ash content, is also imported.
Bulk of iron ore lumps and fines come from the mines at Bolani in Orissa. Lime stone
comes from a variety of sources: Birmitrapur (Orissa), Jaisalmer (Rajasthan).
Major functions of RMHP:
1. Tippling of wagons.
2. Stacking and reclaiming of raw materials.
3. Crushing of flux and coke.
4. Sinter mix preparation.
5. Blend mix supply to sinter plant.
6. Iron ore lump screening.
7. Screened iron ore supply to blast furnace.
8. Limestone, dolomite & iron ore lump supply to BOF.
Material Flow Diagram:

Major Equipments used:

Equipments

Wagon tipplers
Wing Tipplers
Old Reclaimers
Stacker cum
Reclaimer
Slew able
Stacker
Blender
Reclaimer

Nos
Functions
3 To unload the raw materials brought in rails of wagons
from various mines
3 To stack material on the beds
4 This Plough and Harrow type reclaimers are used for
reclaiming the materials
4 For stacking on beds as well as reclaiming from beds
(Two beds for Iron ore and three beds for flux)
1 For sinter-mix preparation (i.e.) stacking for blend
mix.
1 To reclaim the blend mix

Sources of raw materials:

Raw material
Iron ore fines
Ion ore lump
BF/SP gr. L.S
BF/SP gr. dolo
BOF gr. L.S
Coke breeze

Size (in mm)

0-10
10-50
5-50
5-50
25-55
0-20

Main source
Bolani
Bolani
Birimitrapur
Birimitrapur
Jaisalmer
Internal

Coke Oven & Coal Chemicals

The coke ovens and coal chemicals zone is divided into four basic sections namely
Coal Handling Plant, Battery, Coke Handling Plant and Coal Chemicals. Presently,
DSP is operating only 3 full batteries out of total 5 full and one batteries where
each full battery consists of 78 ovens.
The Blast Furnace grade coke produced in Coke Ovens is directly used in Blast
Furnaces while the undersized coke is used for sinter making.
The volatile matters, which emanate during the process of coke making subsequently
produce a variety of by-products like naphthalene oil, heavy creosote oil, light oil,
crude tar partially distilled tar, Ammonium Sulphate fertilizer in brand name Raja,
nitration grade benzene, nitration grade toluene, industrial grade toluene, light solvent
naphtha etc.
The coke oven gas is generally used in combination with the Blast Furnace gas and
BOF gas as fuel and is carried through pipelines to the different areas of the plant.
The adjoining Alloy Steels Plant under SAIL is also supplied with this fuel gas from
DSP.

Material Flow Diagram:

Coal Handling
Plant

Batteries

Coal
Chemicals

B.F.Coke
(+20 80 mm)
Nut Coke
(+10 20 mm)
Coke Breeze
(0 10 mm)

Coke Handling
Plant

Benzene
Toluene
Light Solvent Naptha
Light Oil
Napthalene flake
Creosote Oil
Crude Tar
Ammonium Sulphate
CO gas

Coal Handling:
Aim of this unit is to supply coal of required quality and quantity to service bunkers for
BF coke making. Here washed coal and imported coal received in wagons are
unloaded by means of 3 nos. of Box Tipplers. The tippled coal is then stacked in 14
nos. of silos as per quality and grade. Coal of different quantity is drawn from Blending
silos and selectively crushed and blended in selective crushing unit. Thus blended
quality coal is sent to service bunkers at battery top for BF coke making.

Coal Handling Plants has three major sections. These are :

1. Tippling Sections

2. Reclaiming Sections

3. Selective Crushing Unit

Major Equipments
Box Tipplers
Wing Trippers
Stacking Beds
Conveyors

- 3 nos
- 6 nos (4 old + 2 new)
- 12 nos
- 10 kms long approx.

Major Equipments
Old Reclaimers
New Reclaimers
Blending Silos
Conveyors

- 4 nos
- 3 nos
- 14 nos
- 12 kms long approx.

Major Equipments
Primary Crusher
Secondary Crusher
Pneumatic Classifiers
Conveyors

- 4 nos
- 2 nos
- 4 nos
- 12 kms long approx.

Coal Handling sections also attached with Coal Washery where raw coal is washed to
reduced its ash content before using it blend preparation. The main units of Coal
Washery are Heavy Media Bath, BATAC jig, Spiral Washer, Thickener and Filter.
Presently Coal Washery is not working.
Coke Oven Battery:
There were 3 batteries of 78 ovens each and a half battery of 39 ovens. Capacity of
each oven is 20 tonnes approx. on dry basis. The standard coking time is 18 to 20
hours. The flue temperature is 1230 C. Resulting Coke of size 20 to 80 mm sent to
BF and undersize coke is sent to RMHP.
There are 4 special cars in this section:
(a) Charging car:
Takes coal from service bunkers to individual ovens
(b) Ram car:
Pushes the coke out of individual ovens
(c) Guide car:
Guides the coke during pushing operation
(d) Quenching car: Receives the hot coke for quenching
Coke Handling Plant:
At Coke Handling Plant the coke is screened for BF Coke, i.e. +20mm 80 mm
and sent to Blast Furnace.
Coal Chemical Plant:
This is a byproduct plant which recovers the chemicals from the gas and allows
clean gas to be used in coke ovens and other plant as fuel. There are 4 gas streams
with capacity of 3300 cubic meter/Hr each.
Coal Chemical Plant has four major sections:
(a) Benzol Plant produces Benzene, Toluene, Heavy and Light solvent Naptha.
(b) Tar distillation Plant produces Light Oil, Napthalene Oil, Heavy Creosote
Oil, Crude Tar Partially Distilled (CTPD).
(c) Mechanised Napthalene Crystallisation Plant (MNCP) produces Napthalene
flakes.
(d) Biochemical Oxygen Demand Plant (BOD) Liquor and waste water of the
plant is treated here with bacteria to destroy different poisons before it is
allowed to pass to the outfall.

Sources of different types of Coal:

Coal
Indigeneous
PCC

Imported

MCC

PCC (Hard)

MCC (Soft)

Patherdih

Kathara

Australia

Austrtalia

Sudamdih

Kedia

China

Indonasia

Bhojudih

Swang

USA

Jamodoba

Rajarappa

NZ

Munidih
Dugdha

PCC Prime Coking Coal, MCC Medium Coking Coal

SINTER PLANT
Raw Sinter is a hard porous lump produced by controlled heating of a mixure of
Iron ore fines, lime stone fines, dolomite fines, coke fines and other waste materials.
Usage of sinter in Blast Furnace offers many advantages, like, utilization of Iron ore
fines (which otherwise cannot be used directly in Blast Furnace as it will choke the
furnace due to its fineness), reduction in coke rate etc.
The process of sintering started in 1910 and flourished in different countries where
there was coke shortage. Advantages of using sinter are:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)

To utilize all waste of fines nature like Mill scale, Ferro Scrap, LD slag etc.
To reduction in coke rate in Blast Furnace
To increase productivity of blast furnace
To provide smooth Gas Dynamics inside BF stack.
To utilize Iron Ore fines and Coke breeze.
Better Operation of Blast Furnaces as Sinter is engineered product.

Plant capacity:

3.009MT/annum

Machine capacity:

Sinter Plant 1 Sinter Plant 2 -

2500 T/day (for each old m/c) X 2 nos

5184T/day (for new machine) X 1 no

Material Flow Diagram:

Blend Mix, Dolomite Fines,

Lime Fines, Coke Fines,
Return Fines
Bunkers

Nodulizing
Drum

Sintermix
Hopper

Drum Feeder

+16 to -25 mm for Hearth layer

Return Fines
-6 mm
Screen

+6 to -16 mm
for
Blast Furnace

Sinter
Cooler

Sinter
Breaker

Sinter
Machine

+25 mm to
Blast Furnace

Major equipments:
Equipments
Nodulizing Drum

Sintermix Hopper
Sintering machine

Sinter Breaker
Sinter Cooler
Sinter Screen

Purpose
Moist charge is rolled to nodulise the fines and decrease the
size range of particles and consequently improve the
permeability of sinter bed.
To store the nodules before feeding to sintering machine.
Sinter mix is spread over hearth layer, which is a layer of
previously sintered material. Material is heated under a set of
burners and suction is applied from bottom. The heat travels
down the bed and by the time the material reaches the
discharge end, the whole mass is sintered.
Sinter is crushed here.
Sinter is cooled here from 800 900 C to less than 100 C.
Through screening, sinter is separated out depending on size.

Sinter plant is a Heavy Power consuming plant and it consumes about 1/4th of the
total power.
There are four electrostatic precipitators in Sinter Plant 2 and two electrostatic
precipitators in Sinter Plant 1 to control both fugitive and stack emission.
Now target Sinter in Blast Furnace burden is 70 - 75%.

Various fractions of sinter are used as follows:

+25mm and +6 to -16mm
+16 to -25mm
-6mm

Blast furnace
Hearth layer
Return fines re-circulated in sinter plant
10

Blast Furnace
Blast furnace is the most important part of an Integrated Steel Plant. The objective of
Blast Furnace is to take the raw material from RMHP, coke and sinter plant and convert
it into pig iron or Hot Metal. Coke serves as the heat source and reducing agent while
Limestone and Dolomite are used as flux, which combines with gangue to produce slag.
A Blast Furnace is so called because it uses Air Blast as oxygen source for the
process.
There are four Blast Furnaces in DSP, named Kasturba, Kamala, Sarada, Durga
out of which three are running except Kasturba.
Material Flow Diagram:
Iron Ore
Lump

Sinter

Coke
Gas Cleaning Plant

Blast
Furnace

Hot Blast

Slag

Primary Dust
Catcher
BF Gas with dust
25 27 gm/NM3

Washer

Pig Iron
Clean gas
with dust
10mg/NM3
SMS

Secondary
Dust Catcher

Electrostatic
Precipitator

PCM

Process:
Raw materials like Iron ore, sinter, coke are charged into the furnace from top in
required proportions called burden. Air enriched with oxygen is preheated in stoves.
Preheated air is blown through Tuyeres in the bosh region. These are symmetrically
located openings. The raw material descending through various temperature zones are
heated up and get smelted. The reducing gases rise up through burden and go out
through ascension pipes. The hot metal and slag obtained by smelting of raw materials
trickles down and accumulate in the hearth which is the bottom most part of the
furnace. The slag being lighter than hot metal floats on it.
The hot metal and slag are tapped through tap holes drilled using drilling machines
and separated using skimmer plate in the trough. The hot metal thus obtained is sent to
SMS to make steel or to PCM to make pigs. The slag is either dumped in the slag yard
or granulated in slag granulation plant (SGP).

11

BFs 3 and 4 have SGPs and hence the slag coming out of these BFs is granulated.
The gas ascending through the descending column is called BF gas and has high
calorific value of 850 Kcal/Nm3. It is used as fuel at many departments in the plant.
This gas has to be cleaned before being used as fuel. For this purpose, a gas cleaning
plant is located in the Blast Furnace area.
Gas Cleaning Plant:
The gas coming out of Blast Furnace has a calorific value of about 850 KCal/NM3
and contains about 25-27 gm/NM3 of dust. Unless it is cleaned, it can not be used as
fuel. The cleaning process is done in four stages. In the first stage, the gas is subjected
to a sudden expansion in primary dust catcher. Then, it is given a cyclonic motion in a
secondary dust catcher. The gas coming out at this stage has about 5-7 gm/NM3 dust. In
the third stage, the gas is counter currently washed with water in gas washers. The gas
coming out is then sent into a set of electrostatic precipitators, where it is cleaned to the
maximum extent. The gas leaving ESPs has a dust content of 9-11 mg/NM3. The dust
laden water coming out of the gas washer and Electrostatic precipitator is taken to Dor
Clarifier, cooled and recirculated. The slurry is taken to Slag bank.
Furnace Details
Capacity (TPD)
Useful volume (m3)
No. of stoves
Productivity

#1
Presently
not
working

#2
1820
1400
3
1.3

#3
1820
1400
3
1.3

#4
2340
1800
3
1.3

Design parameters:
Parameters
Blast Temperature
High top pressure
Sinter charge
Furnace Productivity
No. of cast/day
No. of tuyers
No. of tap holes
Blast period

BF #2 & 3
1100 c
0.7kg/cm2
75%
1.3
9-10
18
2
60 minutes

BF # 4
1150 c
0.7kg/cm2
75%
1.3
9-10
20
2
60 minutes

The slag contains CaO which is used for Cement manufacturing. This slag is sold
outside. Granulated slag fetches better price. There are two Slag Granulation Plant
(SGP) for BF #3 and BF #4.

12

SMS Complex
SMS or Steel Melting Shop is the section where hot metal from blast furnace is
converted into steel.. This type of Basic Oxygen Furnace was first used successfully in
the places called Linz and Donawitz in Austria. The shop was added during
modernization of DSP and has a capacity of 1.876 million tones per annum.
SMS can be divided into 3 sections:
(a) Basic oxygen Furnace
(b) Continuous Casting Plant
(c) New Lime Calcination Plant

Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF):

Hot Metal coming out of the Blast Furnaces is collected in ladles which are
transported through rail and is poured into mixers. There are two nos. of mixers which
serve the purpose of storing as well as homogenization of temperature and composition
of hot metal. Coke oven gas is used here to maintain the temperature at around 1260 C.
The shop has three converters each having a capacity of 110-130T. The average life
of a converter is around 1800 heats. Oxygen is blown at high pressure into the
converter through a lance for steel making. The oxygen blowing rate through the lance
is 415 Nm3/min. and the blowing pressure is 14.2 to 14.3 bar. The tap-to-tap time of
BOF is approximately 57 minutes out of which oxygen blowing time is approximately
18 min. The gas obtained from BOF converter has a calorific value of 2100 Kcal/Nm3
and is used as fuel. The tapping temperature at Converter for CCP is 1700 C and top
pouring temperature is 1640 1650 C.

BOF has an online process automation system. The system uses VAX/VMS system
which works on the principle of virtual memory. The whole data acquisition system
contains various levels where the higher level caters to the need of quick retrieval of
data about operation parameters and other activities.

Continuous Casting Plant (CCP):

DSP has two billet casting machines & one bloom casting machine. In Continuous
Casting Process, ladle containing liquid steel is kept on an arm of a moving turret. The
liquid steel is allowed to fall on tundish, which acts as a distributor of liquid steel into
6/4 moulds in billet/bloom casting machine. The moulds are made of Copper and is
cooled by demineralised water. It is a primary cooling wherein liquid steel does not
come in direct contact with water. The initial formation of billet is made inside the
mould itself. Once the newly formed Billet/Bloom leaves the mould it is subjected to
secondary cooling or direct cooling in next stages. The Billets/Bloom are drawn out
with the help of Withdrawl unit. The Billets/Blooms are cut into required sizes with the

13

help of mechanical shear/gas cutting torch. The Billets/Blooms are subsequently

evacuated and cooled in air and stacked for dispatch.
The Continuous Casting Process is an energy efficient process with better yields. It
converts liquid steel into billets/blooms directly and thereby saves substantial energy
and process time. It also leads to better quality.
There are two billet casters each with six strands capable of producing billets of sizes
varying from 80mm2 to 150mm2. Presently only 100 mm2 and 125mm2 billets are
produced with the length of 9 meters. The average casting time is 85 mins.
There is one Bloom Caster with 4 strands capable of producing blooms of size 160 mm
x 210 mm, 160 mm x 230 mm, 200 mm x 200 mm, 150 mm x 300 mm, 150 mm x 350
mm with a cutting length of 3.4 to 10 mtrs.

New Lime Calcination Plant (NLCP):

This plant came up to cater to the need of BOF. The main function of this plant is to
produce lime from naturally available limestone. Lime is mainly required for slag
formation during the steel making process. Presently, Limestone from Jaisalmer is used
as input material for the plant.
There are three kilns (annular shaft type), each having a capacity 300T/day. The
kilns are vertical cylindrical structure. Limestone, which is charged from the top,
descends through the kiln, where it is subjected to controlled heating by two firing
zones. Coke Oven gas at 5500mm water pressure is used as fuel for heating. Thus it
operates in the temperature range of 1200-1250 C.
The calcination process is almost over as the charge reaches the bottom portion of
lower combustion zone and the calcined lime is discharged into a silo by lime
discharging device. NLCP has got bunkers and conveyors for storage, handling and
supply of fluxes to the converter shop.

BLOOMING & BILLET MILL

Main objective of this mill is to produce square and rectangular section called
blooms. The 8T ingots produced at the SMS, are first sent to the stripper bay. The
stripped ingots are reheated for hot rolling process to give them different sizes.
Sections above 125x125, are called blooms while sections below 125x125mm are
called billets. Some blooms go to section mills and rests go to billets mill. From Billet
Mill slabs go to Skelp Mill.

14

Material Flow Diagram:

Stripped
Ingots
from
Stripper Bay

Soaking
Pits

Mill Train
Stands

Reheated Ingots

Up & Down
Cut Shear

Flying
Shear

Cooling
Bed

2 X 42 High
Reversing Mill

700 T
Shear

Reheating
Furnace

Bloom
Stock Bay
Billet Mill
Despatch

Billets for
Skelp Mill &
Outside Sale

1200T
Shear

2 X 32 High
Reversing Mill
Cropped Ends
to SMS
Blooms for
Section Mill,
Axle plant &
Outside sale

Process:
Soaking pit furnaces are used for reheating the ingots at 1280C. There are 20
soaking pit furnaces with capacity 110T. Fuel used is CO gas + B.F gas in the ratio of
1:4. The reheating time is usually 1.5 times the track time. After soaking the ingots
are lifted by means of vertical ingot charger cranes for soaking. It is a two high
reversible type mill driven by two nos 3000 HP DC motor at the mills speed of
0/40/60 rpm. Here 1200T shear is used to cut fish tail, and then the blooms are put in
the bloom transfer bank.
There is a two high reversible mill driven by 4500HP DC motor. The rolls are
counter weight balanced and driven with a speed of 0/80/120 rpm.
Pit Time:
This is the amount of time the ingots have to be placed in the soaking pits. This is
equal to 1.5 times the track time, which is around 3 to 4.5 hrs for hot ingots and
around 12 hrs for cold ingots .
No. of passes in 42 mill:
13 , in case of normal steel and 19 , in case of special steel.

15

Major Equipments:
v
v
v
v
v

Soaking Pits: 20 in numbers and of 3 types

42 Blooming Mill - 2 high reversing type with twin motor drive.
Primary Hot Bloom Shearing.
32 Intermediate Mill - 2 high reversing mill driven by 4500 HP DC motor.
700 T Shear

Billet Mill
Blooms produced in Blooming Mill are further rolled into slabs and billets of
various sizes. The capacity of Billet Mill is 0.957 tonne per annum. The products of
this mill are 50 mm square to 125mm square Billets and 140 to 240mm x 75/80 mm
skelp slabs.
Major Equipments:
v Mill Train - Continuous morgan design with 8 strands
v Up and Down Cut Shear: - For emergency purpose
v Flying Shear - Shear a max. cross section of 130 square inch.
Reheating Furnace
Under the modernization scheme, the Blooming Mill including socking pits are
supposed to be phased out. At present a new reheating furnace had been installed and
running. Feed materials for reheating furnace are the blooms for Bloom Caster. Then
Blooms are heated up in the furnace and directly fed to the Billet Mills.

SECTION MILL
Blooms from blooming mill are taken and rolled in section mill to produce light
and medium structural like joists, channels and Angles. The capacity of Section Mill
is 0.212 million tone per annum.
Material Flow Diagram:
Bloom
Stock Bay

Furnace 1 or 2

Pusher &
Roller Table

26 2 High
Roughing Mill

2 X 24 3 High
Intermediate
Mill

Hot Banks
Straightening
Machine

Hot Bed

Hot Saws

16

24 2 High
Finishing Mill

Process:
Blooms coming from Bloom Stock Bay are first reheated in Reheating Furnace
upto a temperature of 1250 C. Then it goes to 26 2 High Roughing Mill strands
through the roller table. After initial reduction in roughing mill the stocks are rolled in
24 3 High Intermediate Mill stands. Finally, bars leaving the intermediate mill,
enters into the 24 2 High Finishing Mills stands by traveling along the roller tables.
After this finishing work the bars are cut by hot saws and cooled on one of the three
transfer banks. Finally the bars are stacked in the staking area prior to straightening.
Before dispatch, the bars are inspected, tested for chemical analysis and straightened
by the straightening machines.
Products:
Joists
Channels
Angles

200 x 100mm, 175 x 85mm, 150 x 75mm, 116 x 100mm

200 x 75mm, 175 x 75mm, 150 x 75mm, 125 x 65mm
150 x 150mm, 130 x 130mm, 110 x 110mm, 100 x 100mm

Major Equipments:
v Reheating Furnace - 2 continuous end charge end discharge type.
v Roughing Mill stands - Rolls of 26 diameter two-high reversing, closed top type.
v Intermediate Mill Stands - 2 stands of 24 diameter three-high non reversing
open top housing type.
v Finishing Mill Stands - 24 diameter two-high non-reversing, open top housing
type.
v Finishing End - 2 hot saws.
v Straightening Machine - 3 cold straightening machines.

SKELP MILL
Skelp Mill was not there at the initial phase of Durgapur Steel Plant. It came up
during the expansion of plant to 1.6MTPA in late 60s. Skelp is a narrow section
mostly used for the pipes and tubes manufacturing. The annual capacity of this mill is
0.25 million tone per annum.
Material Flow Diagram:
Rolled Slabs
from Billet Mill

Furnace

Pendulum
Shear

Feed by Ram Charger

Roughing
Mill
6 x 2 High 16
E1-H1-H2-H3-E2H4-H5-E3-H6

Strapping
Machine
Process: Finished
Products

Coil
Conveyor

Vertical
Coiler

Apron
Conveyor

H - Horizontal strands, E - Vertical edge

17

Cobble
Shear
Looping
Through
Finishing
Mill
5 x 2 High 13
H7-H8-H9-H10-H11

Skelp mill receives slabs from billet mill by rail transfer bogies. The slabs are
taken on to charging table from the bogie. The slabs are fed to a reheating furnace by
a Ram charger. The furnace is of side charge and side discharging type. The furnace
is fired by a mixture of coke oven and Blast Furnace gas in a ratio of 1:1.
The furnace has a heating capacity of 60T/Hr. The slabs are sent to the mill
section, which consists of 11 horizontal strands and 3 vertical strands. These are
arranged as shown below:
E1-H1-H2-H3-H4-H5-E3-H6-COBBLE SHEAR-LOOPING TROUGH-H7-H8-H9-H10-H11.
Where H refers to horizontal strands and E refers to vertical edge. The roughing mill
constitutes strands from H1 to H6 while H7 to H 11 constitute the finishing mill.
After rolling, the Skelp or strip is coiled and the coil is dispatched to customers.
Products:
Steel Strip and Skelp from 147 to 252 mm in width and 2.5 to 4.5 mm thick.

MERCHANT MILL
Merchant Mill takes billets of size 100 mm x 100 mm from CCP and produces
plain round bars and ribbed TMT bars of various diameters. The capacity of Merchant
Mill is 0.28 million tone per annum of plain round and thermo mechanically treated
(TMT) ribbed bars of dia. 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 28 mm.
Material Flow Diagram:
Intermediate
Mill

Finishing
Mill
Despatch
Area

Roughing
Mill

Thermax
Process

Up Down Cut
Pendulam Shear

Rotary
Shear
Automatic Bundling
/ Binding Machine

Reheating
Furnace

Billets
Thru
Ram Charger

Cooling
Bed
Rotary
Shear

Process:
Billets from CCP are fed to the side charging & discharging type reheating
furnace through furnace bed and ram charger. After reheating of it is delivered to the
pinch roll and then to Roughing, Intermediate and Finishing mills stands

18

consecutively. Roughing mill consists of 7 stands, Intermediate consists of four and

the Finishing mill consists of 2 stands. In between 7th & 8th stand a crop cum cobble
shear is placed, which is used for cutting the front end of each bar. After this the
finished products are passed thru three Thermax carriages where TMT bars produced.
tempered by intense cooling. Finally rotary shear cuts the rods into required length to
accommodate them at cooling bed. After cooling the bars are cut by the Bar Shear
and sent to automatic bundling / binding machine, where bars are packed and bound
into neat bundles and sent to the dispatch bay.
Major Equipments:
v Charging Bed
v Reheating furnaces - Two zone type arranged for charging and discharging
v Pendulum shear - To cut the front end of billets
v Mills - Continuous morgan design with 4 repeaters consists of 13 horizontal
stands
(Roughing stands 1-7, Intermediate stands 8-11, Finishing stands 12-13)
v Snap Shear two nos.
v Crop cum cobble shear - used for cutting the rolled stock in case cobble is formed.
v Thermax carriage - 3 in numbers, Spray water at high pressure on the rolled bars.
v Rotary shear & Bar Shear - To cut rods into predetermined lengths.
v Automatic Binding / Bundling Machines - packs and binds the bars into neat
bundles.
v Cooling Bed.

WHEEL & AXLE PLANT

Wheel and Axle plant is a pride unit of Durgapur Steel Plant. The main customer
of wheel sets is Indian Railways. This was commissioned in 1962 with a capacity to
produce 45000 wheels per year and subsequently raised to 80000 wheels per year.
Wheels are produced by pressing and rolling while axles are produced by forging.
Subsequently both are heat treated and machined. For the ease of production, wheel
manufacturing section and axle manufacturing sections are located into two different
bays. Set wheels and axles are finally meet in assembly section.
The present capacity is as follows:
Wheels:
Axles:

40000 tonnes / annum

16000 tonnes / annum

Input: 12 sided Fluted Ingot of diameter 16 & 14 for wheels and Sqare blooms from
Blooming Mill for axles.

19

Material Flow Diagram:

Wheel
Ingot

Band Saw

Block Heating
Furnace

63/12MN
Press / Punch
Reheating
Furnace

Stamping
Press

20MN
Dish Press

Wheel Mill

CNC
Machining

Cold
Stamping

Heat
Treatment
Testing of
Black Wheels
Loose Wheel
W&A
Despatch

Inspection

Loose Axle
Square
Blooms

Heating
Furnace

Ultrasonic &
OtherTesting
Assembly

Dimensional
Inspection

Inspection

Axle
Machining

Forging
Hammer

Ultrasonic &
OtherTesting
Heat Treatment
Furnace

Process:
Wheel making:
The 12 sided fluted ingots are inspected and cut into numbers of blocks. After
physical inspection, blocks are heated in rotary hearth furnace for 6-8 hours to a
temperature of 1300 C. The heated cheeses are descaled and fed to 63/12 MN Press
for forging & punching. After this, wheel blanks are heated in batch type reheating
furnace to 1150 C. The wheel is then rolled in a computerized wheel mill, where
wheels achieve profile & dimension.
After rolling, the wheels are fed to a 20MN Dishing press, where the web profile is
achieved. The wheel is then feed to a marking press of 3MN where sl. No., year and
cast no. are stamped on the back rim. The wheel is then subjected to heat treatment
which includes quenching and tempering to give hard rim and tough core. This
prevents high internal stress during cooling and prevents warping of wheels. Next

20

comes the machining part, where rim face, boss face, rim blending, condemning
glove, chucking glove are machined by means of CNC machines.
Finally, the wheels are subjected to various tests such as Ultrasonic Test,
Magnetic particle Test and BHN which are RITES certified.
Axle making:
Square bloom made of killed steel is the raw material for axle. These blooms are
heated for 6-8 hours in continuous pusher type furnaces after inspection. Blooms are
forged in a 7 tonnes hand operated axle forging hammer. The process takes around 910 minutes and the finishing temperature is 850 C. The axles are then subjected to
heat treatment. After heat treatment, axle is straightened in 150 ton horizontal
straightening press. Then the axles are allowed to cool down in normal conditions.
Axle ends are sawed and are rough turned, then finish turned. Ultrasonic test is
performed for checking physical soundness of every axle. The axles are inspected for
dimensional accuracy at every stage of the process and for surface & diameter defects
after completion.
Finally set wheels and axles go to assembly section. After assembly the set is
checked for track gauge and after inspection it is despatched .

MAJOR SERVICES DEPARTMENTS

Central Engineering Maintenance
The main function of this department is to manufacturing & reclamation of
mechanical spares as per need of the plant.
There are six sections in CEM:
1. Planning and Progress
2. Structural shop
3. Forging shop
4. Machine shop
5. Fitting shop
6. Tool room

21

The main equipments in CEM are:

v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
v

Horizontal Boring machine

Vertical Boring machine
Gear Hobbing machine
Plano-Milling machine
Surface Grinding machine
CNC Profile cutting machine
Plate Bending machine
Shearing machine
M I G Welding
Submerged Arc Welding
Forging Hammer
Heat Treatment Furnace
Horizontal press etc.

Foundry
DSP is having its own foundry, referred as captive foundry. The main products are:
v Ingot mould (8.5T)
v Bottom Plate (3T)
v False Plate
Casting of different small structures is also done here to cater the needs of different
shops. Important equipments are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Pneumatic Rammer
K.S. Drag barrels
Stripping plates
Mix-Mullers
Jolting machine
Stoves
Guide Pit
Cupola Furnace

22

Electrical Repair Shop

In this department electrical motor, generator & electromagnet from different
department are repaired. The main jobs in ERS are winding, overhauling, repair and
testing of Electrical machines.
Major Equipments are:
v
v
v
v
v
v
v

LT Motor testing facility

DC Motor testing facility
3.3KV Motor tester
Heat Chamber
Stripping machine
Coil making machine
EOT Crane etc.

Energy Management Department

The major functions of Energy Management Department are
v
v
v
v

Gas distribution and control

Maintenance of gas pipelines & gas holder
Gas safety monitoring
Conservation of energy consumption

EMD supplies BF gas, CO gas and BOF gas to different consumers through pipeline
network (16.5 km long approx.).
The CO gas network process is normally maintained around 350 MMWC and for
BF gas it is 380 MMWC. These gas holder are connected with network to maintain
network gas pressure. The BOF gas, generated intermittently is first stored in a gas
holder and then pumped into BF gas network. These gases are used in different shops
either separately or mixed in different proportion before boosting up the gas pressure
through the booster fan.
So far as conservation of energy is concern, monitoring of combustion control of
different furnaces, boilers, soaking pit etc. are done by EMD on a regular basis.

23

Environment Control Department

The ECD was constituted to meet the legal requirements, social demands and
commitments made in the memorandum of settlements with National Joint
Committee on Safety with respect to Environment.
Main functions:
v Compliance with provisions of various environmental legislations /
regulations which involves statutory monitoring of air, water & noise
pollution in different areas of plant and township.
v Investigative monitoring of air, water & noise pollution from different sources
in the plant.
v To advise for further need in improvement of pollution control systems in
different departments.
v Study of different kinds of solid wates generated from plant, and their
recycling, selling and dumping status

Traffic
Transportation of materials is an important activity in an integrated steel plant.
The Traffic organization plays a vital role in smooth running of the different
production units, which leads to profitability of the plant by optimizing the cost of
transportation.
The Traffic Organization consists of following departments:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Traffic Operation
Permanent Way Engineering (PWE)
TXR/Rerailment
Loco Repair Shop (LRS)

Traffic Operations:
It is taking over of all incoming wagons with raw materials and handling over of
empty & loaded wagons to Railway at Durgapur Steel exchange yard. It is also
controlling movements of different materials within different section in production
units. Commercial section looks after the commercial aspects with Railway like
freight, indenting, allotment of rakes, weightment and shortage, claim of rebates etc.
PWE Department:
It takes up repair, maintenance & renewal of 230 km network of Railway track for
smooth movement of locos & rolling stocks.

24

TXR/Rerailment Department:
The TXR/Rerailment department carries out inspection of DSPs rolling stocks
for their fitness to run, take up minor repair work in different sick lines, take up all
rerailment activity of all derailed rolling stocks inside work premises.
It also does the brake-releasing activity of all incoming loads prior to the Tippling
at RMHP and Coal Tipplers.
Loco Repair Shop:
Loco Repair Shop maintain 39 nos of locomotives and 2 nos of 50T rail crane, 1
rail crane and 1 magnet crane.

Power Plant
Main Objectives are:
To provide COLD AIR BLAST to blast furnace.
To provide HP/LP process steam to BF, COCC, SMS, Oxygen & Sinter Plant.
Power generation to provide energy power requirement.
HP steam at 32 Kg/cm2
LP steam at 12.5 Kg/cm2
The capacity of this plant (4X5W=20MW). It is also called as blower plant as its
main aim is to generate steam. There are seven boilers each having capacity 60 TPH.
Steam is generated at high pressure. Boiler No. 1, 2, 5, and 6 uses coal and (BF+CO)
gas as fuel. Boiler no. 3, 4 and 7 are gas fired using (BF+CO) gas.

Power Management Department

Function :
v To receive & distribute Power as per requirement of different units of the DSP,
ASP & Township.
v To maintain all equipment related to Distribution Network.
v To maintain the Cost of Power within Budget.
v To Monitor Consumption of Power of different units.
v To maintain illumination of road and areas inside the plant.

25

Power Requirement :
Requirement of DSP & ASP is met by Power we purchase from DVC (Grid
source) & NSPCL (Captive Unit). Power demand of DSP & ASP is as following.
DSP
ASP

Average : 95 MW.
Average : 30 MW.

Source of Power :
Grid :- DVC
Captive :1.
2.

Peak : 125 MVA.

Peak : 65 MVA.

Contract Demand : 85 MVA.

NSPCL - 2 x 60 MW (Thermal).
OPP - 4 x 5 MW (Thermal).

There is a SCADA system installed in MRS. It stand for supervisory control and
data acquisition system. It act as an inter face between main receiving station and
other distribution centers. In case of any power failure, it ensure that power supply in
critical zones remain uninterrupted. There is Computerised Islanding scheme with
load shedding package for isolation of NSPCL units from grid in case of any grid
disturbance.

Plant Civil Engineering

The main functions of PCE is to repair and maintenance of plant roads, buildings,
sheds, underground swerage system and overall upkeepment of the plant, department
and maintenance of lawn & gardens by the side of the main road of Plant.Beside this
paintings, repairs of plant structures are also done by this department.

Oxygen Plant
The main objectives of this department are:
v To supply generate oxygen at 99.5% purity and 16 kg/cm2 pressure. It has
nine gaseous O2 storage vessels and two liquid oxygen storage tanks. The
capacity of this plant is (2X350=700TPD).
v To supply N2 at a pressure of 8 kg/cm2 / 16 kg/cm2 at a purity of 200 PPM.
Products of this plant are:
1. Oxygen gas for BOF, CCP, BF, Rolling mills.
2. Liquid oxygen for oxygen cylinder refilling
3. N2 for BOF, CCP, BF, EMD.
4. Argon for BOF,CCP, VAD
The distribution network is spread over 18 Km in the plant.

26

Computer Managed Maintenance System

The function of this department is to achieve systematic approach to maintenance
using CMMS package as a tool for reliable and effective maintenance information
system.
The objectives are:
v To understand the maintenance practice of the plant
v To develop computerized maintenance system.
v Generation of reliable data bank
The maintenance system in DSP had a conventional practices by all the departments
i.e. log book/ledger/cards etc. In order to come out of this syndrome a systematic
approach towards maintenance supported by a reliable and effective system was
established. With the introduction of CMMS the maintenance practices are getting
more and more standardized.

Research & Control Laboratory

This department is responsible for maintaining the quality of product and develops
new products to cater to the needs of customers with the ever changing demand. For
this purpose periodic monitoring and controlling of the quality of input raw material,
process and final products is required.
Major activities of this department are:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Process control
Inspection
Analysis and testing
Research and development

To achieve these it has a main laboratory outside the plant and the other
laboratories are inside the plant. The laboratories inside the plant are at RMHP, BF,
BOF, Coke Oven, Rolling mill, Wheel & Axle plant etc. The main lab is well
equipped with chemical, metallurgical and other facilities.

27

Computer & Information Technology Department

C&IT Department is the centre nodal agency for IT activity of DSP. The main
feature of C&IT department is as follows:
v
v
v
v
v
v
v

Production, Planning & control.

Process Control,
Finance & Accounting System
Maintenance Management
Salary & Payment System
Maintenance of Network
Database Administration

Most of the production process & services are connected in the network and data
can be available on-line for better monitoring of the above activities.
Presently ERP is also under stage of implementation for the following modules:
v Finance & Accounting
v Sales & Distribution
v Quality
v Maintenance
v Material
v Production & Planning
The go-line is fixed as 31-03-2009.

Human Resource Department

Centre for Human Resource Development is the nodal agency for facilitating
competency assessment and training need identification of employees. Various kinds
of training programmes are conducted throughout the year. The main areas of training
are:
1. New Entrants Training e.g. MT(T), SOT, JOT and TA.
2. Competence Enhancement
a. Managements & Supervisory Development programmes
b. Electrical, Electronics and PLC Training
c. Hydraulics and Pneumatics Training
d. Computer Training
e. Basic Engineering Skill at Workshop
f. Unit Training at Shop Floor etc.
3. Specific Areas : Safety, Health and Environment Training.
4. External Training : At suppliers Workshop in India / abroad.
5. Others : Workshops, RajBhasha etc.

28

Town Administration & Services

Durgapur Steel Plant has a modern township spread over in 40 sq-km area. It has 3
zones namely A, B and C with 24141 houses of DSP and around 4900 houses of ASP.
DSP Township has following main features:
v Stadium 2 nos (DSP -1, ASP 1)
v Community Centres 6 nos
v Schools / Colleges 6 High Schools, 2 Primary schools and a large number of
Private schools / colleges
v Sector Markets 7 nos
v Club 5 nos
v Parks 3 nos
v Guest Houses 3 nos
v Swimming Pool 3 nos
v Petrol Pump 3 nos
v Road Networks 81 km main road and 230 km street roads
v Hospitals 1 Main Hospital and 5 Health Centres

Medical & Health Services

DSP has modern 640-bed General Hospital with 5 Health Centre and 1 Occupational
Health Service Unit. The Bed Occupancy rate of this hospital is 70%.
New facilities in DSP Main Hospital:
v New ward block housing 4 sets of Dialysis units.
v New centralized dental clinic
v New eye bank
v New state-of-the-art Burn Care Unit
v 9 bedside cardiac monitors with central monitor,
Difibrillator and ventilator in ICU
v Revamped OPD
v Binocular microscope, Coagulometer, Tissue Processor, Terbidometer, Flame
Photometer in Pathology Department
v Phaco emulsification unit in the Eye Department
v DCR with help of nasal endoscope in ENT, a first in SAIL Hospitals
v New Audiology room and new instruments Micro Debridor and Sinus shavar,
Fees set etc in ENT
Our DSP Main Hospital also contains one Neo_natal Care Unit and CT Scan to take
care employees of the plant and their family members.

29

Corporate Social Responsibilities

Durgapur Steel Plant has taken CSR as a its focused area to create a meaningful
difference in the life of the people residing in and around DSP township. The main
areas of activities are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Developing villages
Educating masses
Securing Healthcare
Aiding Physically Challenged
Generating Employment
Promoting Sports
Galvanizing Social Change

Sample Questions:
1.

Following is not a product of DSP

A. TMT Bar, B. Skelp, C. Wheel, D. Rail

2.

No. of Blast Furnaces in DSP

A. 1, B. 6, C. 4, D. 9

3.

The size of BF Grade Coke is

A. 25mm 50mm, B. 15mm 60mm, C. 20mm 40mm, D. 20mm 80mm

4.

DSP has the following nos of coke oven battery presently working
A. 3 and , B. 5 and , C. 4 and ,, 4. 6 and and .

5.

Presently percentage of Sinter in Blast Furnace charge is around

A. 70 75%, B. 80 90%, C. 60 70%, D. 90 - 100%.

6.

DSP Township has following number of Health Centres

A. 4, B. 5, C. 2, D. 10.

7.

First Ingot was cast at DSP on dated

A. 24-04-1960, B. 24-05-1959, C. 24-05-1961, D. 24-05-1958.

8.

The present Hot Metal capacity of DSP is approximately

A. 1.5 MT, B. 2 MT, C. 2.5 MT, D. 3 MT

30

31

DURGAPUR STEEL PLANT

(Plant Specific Overview)
Contents
Page
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

6.

Introduction
Historical background
General Overview of DSP
A. Major Product Profile
B. Major Highlights
C. Process Flow diagram
Major Production Departments
A. Raw Material Handling Plant
B. Coke Oven & Coal Chemicals
C. Sinter Plant
D. Blast Furnace Complex
E. SMS Complex
i. Basic Oxygen Furnace
ii. Continuous Casting
iii. New Lime Calcination Plant
F. Blooming & Billet Mill
G. Section Mill
H. Skelp Mill
I. Merchant Mill
J. Wheel & Axle Plant
Major Services Departments
A. Central Engineering Maintenance
B. Foundry
C. Electrical Repair Shop
D. Energy Management Department
E. Environment Control Department
F. Traffic
G. Power Plant
H. Power Management Department
I. Plant Civil Engineering
J. Oxygen Plant
K. Computer Managed Maintenance System
L. Research & Control Laboratory
M. Computer & Information Technology Department
N. Human Resource Department
O. Town Administration & Services
P. Medical & Health Services
Q. Corporate Social Responsibilities
Sample Questions

32

1
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
9
11
13
13
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
27
27
28
28
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30
30

A Manual
On

For

Junior Officer Scheme

33