115. For relief from sin.

[Brahman. vaipvadevam.
dnnstnbham^\
Found also in Paipp. xvi. For the use
of this hymn by Kaug., and in part
by Vait,
with the preceding, see under that
hymn ; Vait. has this one also alone
in the agrayana
isti (8. 7), with ii. 16. 2 and v. 24. 7 ;
and vs. 3 appears (30. 23) in the
sautramam, next
after hymn 1 14.
Translated : Ludwig, p. 443 ;
Zimmer, p. 182 (vss. 2, 3) ; Grill, 46,
172 ; Griffith, i. 308 ;
Bloomfield, 164, 529.
365 TRANSLATION AND NOTES.
BOOK VI. -vi. 116
"I. If knowing, if unknowing, we
have committed sins, do ye free us
from that, O all gods, accordant.

The reading sajosasas at the end in

our text is, though evidently
preferable*, hardly
more than an emendation, since it is
read only by our P.M.T. ; SPP. gives
sajosasas ;
the comm. takes the word as a
nominative. With the verse may be
compared VS.
viii. 13 f (prose). The redundant
syllable in a is ignored by the Anukr.
2. If waking, if sleeping, I sinful have
committed sin, let what is and
what is to be free me from that, as
from a post (drufadd).
The verse nearly corresponds with
one in TB. ii. 4. 49, which reads in a
y. diva y.
ndktam, dkarat at end of b, and
muncatuh (-/// ?) at end of d. With a,
b is to be compared

VS. xx. 1 6 a, b, which has svdpne

for svapdn, and, for b, faansi
cakrtna vaydm.
Our svapdn in a is an emendation
for svdpan, which all the authorities
read, and which
SPP. accepts in his text. The pada
mss. mostly accent enasydh in c
(our D. has -ah,
the true reading), and SPP. wrongly
admits it in his pada text. The
comm. explains
drupada, doubtless correctly, by
padabandhanartho drumah.
3. Being freed as if from a post, as
one that has sweated from filth on
bathing, like sacrificial butter
purified by a purifier let all cleanse
(fumb/i) me of sin.
This verse is found in several Yajus
texts : in VS. (xx. 20), TB. (ii. 4. 49),
K. (xxxviii. 5),
and MS. (iii.

ii. 10). TB.MS. add id after iva in a;

in b, for snatva, VS. gives snatds,
and MS. sndtm; in d, TB.MS. read
muncantu for $umbhantu, while VS.
reads (better)
$undhantu and before \tapas
instead of iifyi'e ; Ppp. reads vi^vdn
nnincantu ; and it
further has sindhu for svinnas in b.
This time the comm. gives
kasthamayiit padabandhanat
as equivalent of drupadat. The
Anukr. passes without notice the
excess of
syllables in a. [/The vs. occurs also
TB. ii. 6. 6^, with Id again, and with
d as in VS.
And the Calc. ed. of TB. prints both
times svinnd snatv6.\ [_As to
qumbh, see BR.
vii. 261 top.J
116. For relief from guilt.

[Jdtikdyana. vdivasvatadevatyam.
jagatam : 2. tnstubh.}
Found also in Paipp. xvi. The hymn
is used by Kauc,. in the chapter of
portents
(132. i), in a rite for expiation of the
spilling of sacrificial liquids. As to
the whole
aniwaka, see under hymn 114.
Translated : Ludwig, p. 443 ; Griffith,
i. 309.
i. What that was Yama's the
Karshlvanas made, digging down in
the
beginning, food-acquiring, not with
knowledge, that I make an oblation
unto the king, Vivasvant's son ; so
let our food be sacrificial (yajfttya),
rich in sweet.
Perhaps better emend at beginning
to yddy amdm [Bloomfield makes
the same suggestion,

AJ P. xvii. 428, SBE. xlii. 45 7 J ; the

comm. explains by yamasambandhi
krnram.
The karslvanas are doubtless the
plowmen, they of the kindred of
krsfvan ( krslvala)
*the plower' : whatever offense,
leading to death or to Yama's realm,
they committed in
wounding the earth. The comm.
calls the krsivanas Qudras, and their
workmen the
karslvanas; in b, he reads na vidas
for annavidas. The metrical
irregularities are
ignored by the Anukr.
vi. 116- BOOK VI. THE ATHARVAVEDA-SAMHITA. 366
2. Vivasvant's son shall make [us]
an apportionment ; having a portion
of sweet, he shall unite [us] with
sweet whatever sin of [our]
mother's,

sent forth, hath come to us, or what

[our] father, wronged,* hath done
in wrath.
For bhdgadheyam in a, Ppp. reads
bhesajani. The two half-verses
hardly belong
together. The comm. explains
aparaddhas by asmatkrtdparddhena
vimukhah san.
*[_In his ms. Whitney wrote "
guilty
"
(which seems much better) and
then changed it
to "
wronged."J
3. If from [our] mother or if from our
father, forth from brother,
from son, from thought (cttas\ this
sin hath come to [us] as many
Fathers as have fastened on (sac)
us, of them all be the fury propitious
[to us].

In most of the/fldfo-mss. agan at

end of b is wrongly resolved into a :
agan, instead
of ddgan (our Kp. has foagan).
Cttasas the comm. understands to
mean 4 our own
mind '
; we should be glad to get rid of the
word ; its reduction to ca, or the
omission
of bhratur or putrat, would rectify
the redundant meter, which the
Anukr. passes
unnoticed. The comm. paraphrases
pari in b apparently by anyasmad
api parijandt !
117. For relief from guilt or debt.
\K3ufika (anrnakdmah). dgncyam.
trdistubham^\
Found also in Paipp. xvi. The hymn |
_not i cd, 2 cdj occurs in TB. (iii. 798
-9), and

parts of it elsewhere, see under the

verses. [_For i and 3, see also v.
Schroeder, Tubinger
Katha-hss., p. 70 and 6i.J Hymns
117-119 are used in Kau$. (133. i) in
the rite in
expiation of the portent of the
burning of one's house ; and Kec,.
(to Kaug. 46. 36) quotes
them as accompanying the
satisfaction of a debt after the death
of a creditor, by paymenj
to his son or otherwise ; the comm.
gives (as part of the Kauc,. text) the
pratlka
of 117. |_For the whole anuvaka,
see under h. H4-J In Vait. (24. 15), in
the agnistoma,
h. 1 17 goes with the burning of the
vedL
Translated: Ludwig, p. 444 ; Griffith,
i. 309.

i. What I eat (?) that is borrowed,

that is not given back; with what
tribute of Yama I go about now, O
Agni, I become guiltless (anrnd)
as to that ; thou knowest how to
unfasten all fetters.
The translation implies emendation
of dsmi to ddmi in a ; this is
suggested by jaghasa
in vs. 2, and is adopted by Ludwig
also ; but possibly apratittam asmi
might be borne
as a sort of careless vulgar
expression for " I am guilty of nonpayment." More or less
of the verse is found in several
other texts, with considerable
variations of reading:
thus TS. (iii. 3. 8->); TA. (ii. 3. i), and
MS. (iv. 14. 17) have padas a, b, c
(as a, b, d

in TS.) ; in a, all with ydt kitsidam

for apamityam and without asmi,
and TA.MS.
with dpratltam, and TS. ending with
mdyi (for ydt), and TA.MS. with
mdye *hd; in
b, all put//;/rt before yamdsya, and
TA.MS. have nidhina for balind,
while MS. ends
with cdravas; in c (d in TS.), all read
etdt for iddm^ and MS. accents
dnrnas (c in
TS. is thai *vd sdn nirdvadaye tdt ;
cf. our 2 a) ; d in TA. is jivann evd
prdti tdt te
dadhami, with which MS. nearly
agrees, but is corrupt at the end :
j.e.p. hastanrnani.
TB. (iii. 7. 98
) corresponds only in the first halfverse (with it precisely agrees ApS.

in xiii. 22, 5) : thus, yany

apamitydny dprattttany dsmi
yamdsya balina cdrami; its
367 TRANSLATION AND NOTES.
BOOK VI. -vi. Il8
other half-verse corresponds with
our 2 a, b. MB. (ii. 3. 20) has^/
kusfdam apradattam
maye 'ha yetia yamasya nidhind
cardni : idam tad agne anrno
bhavdwi jlvann
tva pratidatte daddni. |_This
suggests bhavani as an
improvement in our c.J Finally
GB. (11.4.8) quotes the pratlka in
this form: yat kusidarn apamityam
apratltam.
Ppp. reads for a, b apamrtyum
apratltam yad asminnasyena, etc.,
and, for d, jivanna
tna prati daddmi sarvam (nearly as
TA. d, above). The comm. takes
balina as =

balavatd.
2. Being just here we give it back ;
living, we pay it in (ni-hr) for the
living; what grain I have devoured
having borrowed [it], now, O Agni,
I become guiltless as to that.
With the first half-verse nearly
agrees TB. (as above ; also ApSM as
above), which
reads, however, tdd ydtaydmas for
dadma enat. The comm. has
dadhmas for dadtnas
in a ; he explains ni hardmas by
nitaram niyawena vd ^pdkurwah.
Ppp. has etat at
nd of a ; in c, apamrtyu again, also
(c, d) jaghdsd agnir md tasmdd
anrnam krnotu.
Apamttyam in this verse also would
be a more manageable form, as
meaning ' what is

to be measured (or exchanged) off,'

i.e. in repayment. Jaghasa in our
text is a misprint
for -ghds-.
3. Guiltless in this [world], guiltless
in the higher, guiltless in the
third world may we be ; the worlds
traversed by the gods and traversed
by the Fathers all the roads may we
abide in guiltless.
The verse is found in TB. (iii. 7. 989), TA. (ii. 154), and ApS. (xiii. 22.
5), with
-mi/is tr- at junction of a and b
(except in TB. as printed), with ntd
inserted before
pilryanas and ca lokas omitted after
it (thus rectifying the meter, of
which the Anukr.
ignores the irregularity), and with
ksiyewa (bad) at the end. Anrnd
means also * free
from debt or obligation

'
; there is no English word which (like
German schuldlos)
covers its whole sense. The comm.
points out that it has here both a
sacred and a profane
meaning, applying to what one
owes to his fellow-men, and what
duties to* the
gods. Ppp. combines anrnd *smin in
a, and has the readings of TB. etc.
in C, and
adima for a ksiyema at the end.
118. For relief from guilt.
[A'auft'Aa (anrnakSmafi). Sgneyam.
trdistubham^\
Found also in Paipp. xvi. |_The
Katha-version of vss. i and 2 is given
by v. Schroeder,
Tubinger Katha-hss., p. 70 f. J Is not
used by Vait., nor by Kauc,.
otherwise than with

|_the whole amwdka andj hymn

117: [_see under hymns 1 14 and I
I7j.
Translated : Ludwig, p. 455 ; Griffith,
i. 310.
i. If (ydt} with our hands we have
done offenses, desiring to take up
the course (?) of the dice, let the
two Apsarases, fierce-(/^;^-)seeing,
fierce-conquering, forgive today
that guilt (rnd) of ours.
Our mss., like SPP's, waver in b
between gatnum and #////;;/ QY
gantfiw, but it is a
mere indistinctness of writing, m&
gatnum (which not even Bohtlingk's
last supplement
gives) is doubtless the genuine
reading, as given by SPP. ; our
gayd/M is an unsuccessful
conjecture. The comm. paraphrases
the word with gantavyam
qabdasparqadiirisayam,

and upalips- with anubhamtum

icchantah : desiring to sense the
sound, feeling, etc.* ;
vi. 118- BOOK VI. THE ATHARVAVEDA-SAMHITA. 368
our knowledge of the ancient Hindu
game of dice is not sufficient to
enable us to translate
the pada intelligently. The verse is
found also in several Yajus texts, TB.
(iii. 7.
123), TA. (ii. 4. i), and MS. (iv. 14.
17) ; all read cakdra in a, and
vagntim (MS. vagmtim)
for gatnum in b, and TB.TA. end b
with ttpajighnamdnah (while MS.
has the
corrupt reading dvajighram apati) ;
in c, d, TB.TA. have the version
diirepa$ya (TA.
ugrampaqya) ca rdstrabhfc ca tany
apsardsdv dnu dattdm rnani, and
MS., very corruptly,

ugrdm pa$yac ca rastrabhfc ca tany

apsardsdm dnu datta 'nrnani. The
comm.,
heedless of the accent, takes the
first two words in c as vocatives.
Ppp. reads, in a, b,
kilvisam aksam aktam
avilipsamdndh.
2. O fierce-seeing one ! realmbearing one ! [our] offenses, what
happened
at the dice forgive ye that to us ;
may there not come in
Yama's world one having a rope on,
desiring to win from us debt (rnd)
from debt.
Two of the other texts (TA.MS., as
above) have this verse also, and
with unimportant
variations in the first half : TA.
simply omits nas in b, thus
rectifying the meter ;

MS. does the same, but it is also

corrupt at the beginning, reading
ugrdm pa$yt*d
rastrabhrt k-. Ppp. reads ;/.
rdstrabhrtas kilvisam y. a. a. dattan
i>as tat. But in
the difficult and doubtful second
half, the readings are so diverse as
to show themselves
mere corrupt guesses : thus, TA.
wen na rnan rndva it samdno y. /. a.
aya; MS. ndmna
(p. rttt : itaJi) rnan rndvan ipsamdno
y. 1. nidhtr djaraya ; Ppp. (c)
nrni'dno nrnva
yad ayacchamano. The comm.
explains rnan (nah) as either for
rnan or for rnat;
the pada-text gives the latter, of
course. The f>ada-text does not
divide crts-, as it

doubtless should, into airts-, in c;

the comm. reads instead
ecchamanas ( = rnam grahitum
abhita icchati) and explains
adhirajjus by asmadgrahandya
pa$ahastah. The
other texts, it will have been
noticed, mentioned rastrabhrt
instead of ugrajit as second
Apsaras in the first verse. The
irregularities of meter are passed
unnoticed by the
Anukr. [_B6htlingk, ZDMG. Iii. 250,
discusses the vs. at length. He
suggests for c,
rndhmd no nd rndm drtsamdno^ or
perhaps ;//</>;/<;//. J
3. To whom [I owe] debt, whose wife
I approach, to whom I go begging
(ydc), O gods let them not speak
words superior to me; ye (two)
Apsarases, wives of gods, take
notice !

Ppp. has a different version (mostly

corrupt) of b, C, d: yam yajamdnau
abhyemahe:
vdte i>djin vajibhir mo *ttardm mad
devapatni apsarasdpadttam. The
comm. reads
abhyemi in b. By analogy with
abhyaiwi, the pada-text
understands upatwi as upaatmi
in a. Our #ada-mss. also leave ma
unaccented in c. The comm.
paraphrases
adhl *tam with madvijndpanam citte
'vadhdrayatam.
1 19. For relief from guilt or
obligation.
(anrnakdmah). dgneyam.
trdtstnbhamJ\
Found also in Paipp. xvi. (in the
verse-order i, 3, 2). All the verses
occur, but not

together, in TA. [See also v.

Schroeder, Zwei Hss., p. 15, for vss.
2 and 3; and
Tubinger Katha-hss., pp. 70, 75, for
i, 2, and 3.J Is not used by Vait., nor
by Kauc,.
otherwise than with [_the whole
anuvdka and withj hymns 117 and
118; see under
|_hymns 114 and Ii7j.
Translated : Ludwig, p. 442 ; Griffith,
i. 310.
369 TRANSLATION AND NOTES.
BOOK VI. -vi. I2O
1. If (ydt), not playing, I make debt,
also, O Agni, promise (sam-gr)
not intending to give, may
Vai^vanara, our best over-ruler,
verily lead us
up to the world of the well-done.
Ppp. puts aham before rnam in a,
and reads nnim for nd it in d. The
first halfverse

has correspondents in TB. (iii. 7.

121) and TA. (ii. 4. I '). In a, TB.
reads cakara
and TA. babhuva for krndmi and TB.
puts y&t after rndm; for b, TB. reads
ydd va
*ddsyant$amjagardjdnebhyah, and
TA. dditsan vd samjagdra j. LFor b,
cf. vi. 71. 3 b.J
2. I make it known to Vai9vanara, if
[there is on my part] promise of
debt to the deities ; he knows how
to unfasten all these bonds ; so may
we be united with what is cooked
(pakvd).
The first three padas have
correspondents in TA. (ii. 6. i '),
which reads, in a, b, vedaydmo
yddi nrndm, and, in c, p&$dn
pramucan (i.e. -cam) prd veda; Ppp.
also has/ra

veda instead of veda sdrvdn. Our d,

which seems quite out of place
here, occurs again
at the end of xii. 3. 55-60, which see
(TA. has instead sd no muncdtu
duritad avadyat).
The comm. explains pakvena here
as paripakvena svargddiphalena, or
the ripened
fruit of our good works. The Anukr.
seems to allow the contraction sdi
*tdn in c.
3. Let Vai^vanara the purifier purify
me, if (ydt) I run against a
promise, an expectation (afd), not
acknowledging, begging with my
mind;
what sin is therein, that I impel
away.
The whole verse, this time, has its
correspondent in TA. (ii. 6. i 2
), which, however,

reads for a v. pdvaydn nah pavitrair

(Ppp. means the same, but
substitutes pavayd
nas) ; and has, in d, dtra for tdtra
and dva for dfia. Ppp has sathgalam
near beginning
of b. The comm. reads -dhavani in
b, and explains by abhimukhyena
prapnavani ; the
minor Pet. Lex. suggests
emendation to ati-dhav- *
transgress/ Ludwig emends a$am
to asam (referring to devatasu in 2
b) ; the reading and pada division
a$am are vouched
for by Prat. iv. 72, to which rule the
word is the counter-example ; the
comm. explains it
by devadtndm abhilasam. |
_Bergaignc comments on root sit,
ReL Vtd. iii. 44. J
120. To reach heaven.

[Kdufika. mantroktadevatyam . /.
jagatl ; 2. pankti ; j. tnstubh . ]
Found also in Paipp. xvi. [Von.
Schroeder's Zivei Hss., p. 16, and
Tnbinger
Katha-hss., p. 76, may also be
consulted for all three vss.J Not used
by Kau$. otherwise
than with the whole amwaka : see
under hymn 1 14;
Translated: Ludwig, p. 442 ; Grill, 72,
173; Griffith, i. 311 ; Bloomfield,
165, 529.
I. If (ydt) atmosphere, earth, and
sky, if father or mother we have
injured (hius)> may this
householder's-fire lead us up from
that to the
world of the well-done.
The first half-verse is found, without
variation, in a number of other texts
: in TS.

(i.8. 53), TB. (iii. 7. 124), TA. (ii.6. 2

8
), MS. (i. 10. 3), A^S. (ii. 7. n); they
do not
agree entirely in the second half
which they put in place of ours. Ppp.
agrees with some
of them, reading agnir md tasmdd
enaso gdrhapatyah pramuncatu.
Only b is really
jagatt.
vi. 120- BOOK VI. THE ATHARVAVEDA-SAMHITA. 37<>
2. May mother earth, Aditi our
birthplace, brother atmosphere,
[save]
us from imprecation ; may our
father heaven be weal to us from
paternal
[guilt] ; having gone to my relatives
(jdmi), let me not fall down from
[their?] world.

The verse is. found also in TA. (ii. 6.

29), which reads at end of a
dbhiqasta faahj
and, in c, d, bhavdsi jdmt mitva
(jamtut itva f) ma wvitsi lokan : the
variants are of
the kind that seem to show that the
text was unintelligible to the textmakers, and that we
are excusable in finding it extremely
obscure. Ppp. brings no help.* Our
translation
implies in b abhfyastyds, but the
pada reading is abhtyastya, as if
instr. ; the comm..
understands -tyas. Our pada mss.
also leave ma unaccented in d.
Ludwig and Grill
supply lokdt to pitrydt : "from the
paternal world.' 7 The comm.
divides alternatively

jami mrtva and jamim rtvd. The

verse is a good tristubh, though
capable of being
contracted to 40 syllables. *|_Grill
reports a Ppp. reading trdta for
bhrata, although
I do not find it in Roth's collations.
Might it represent a trail)
antdriksam ?\
3. Where the well-hearted, the welldoing revel, having abandoned
disease of their own selves, not
lame with their limbs, undamaged
in
heaven (svargd) there may we see
[our] parents and sons.
[_The first half we had at iii. 28. 5-J
The verse corresponds to TA. ii. 6. 2
10
, which
reads mddante at end of a, tanvam
svaydni at end of b, a$lonangair (so
Ppp. also) in

C (also dhrtas, but this is doubtless

a misprint |_the Poona ed. reads in
fact Ahrntds^
and pitdram ca putrdm at the end.
The comm. reads tanvds in b, with
part of the mss.
(including our P.M.I.O.), and a$ronds
in c. |_For the substance of the vs.,
cf. Weber,
Sb. 1894, p. 775. J
121. For release from evil.
[A'dufika. [caturrcamJ]
mantroktadevatyam. /, 2. tristubh ;
3,4. anustubh^
Found also in Paipp. xvi. [_For vss.
3^4, cf. v. Schroeder, Zwei Hss., p.
15, Titbingcr
Katha-hss., p. 75. J Used by Kauc,.
(52. 3) with vi. 63 and 84, in a rite
for release fiom
various bonds; |_and with the whole
amivaka see under h. II4_|.

Translated : Ludwig, p. 442 ;

Zimmer, p. 182 (3 vss.) ; Griffith, i.
31 1.
i. An untier, do thou untie off us the
fetters that are highest, lowest,
that are Varuna's ; remove (nis-su)
from us evil-dreaming [and]
difficulty;
then may we go to the world of the
well-done.
Visand (p. vfasana) is doubtless
'antler' here, as at iii. 7. i, 2 Lwhich
seej (though
neither* Kaug. nor the schol. nor our
comm. make mention of such an
article as used
here); but it was necessary to
render it etymologically, to bring out
the word-play
between it and vf sya ; the comm.
treats it as a participle
(=vimitftcati), disregarding,

as usual, the accent (really vi-sa +

ana \JSkt* Gram. 1150 ej). The
second pida is
the same with vii. 83. 4 b. The
proper readings in c are (see note to
Prat. ii. 86) dnssvdfinyam
and nissva, which the mss. almost
without exception
* abbreviate to ditsvap- and
nisva^ just as they abbreviate
dattvd to datvd^ or, in vs. 2 a,
rdjjvdm to rdjvdm (see
my Skt. Gr. 232). SPP. here gives in
his jvz;;/////5-text ;// sva, with all his
authorities
; our text has nih sva, with only one
of ours (O.) : doubtless the true
metrical form
is nts sitvd 'smdt. |_Cf. Roth, ZDMG.
xlviii. 119, note.J Ppp. lacks our
second halfverse,

having instead 2 a, b. *|_That is, if

we take the occurrences of the
words as a
whole in AV.J
37 1
, TRANSLATION AND NOTES. BOOK
VI. -vi. 122
2. If (ydt) thou art bound in wood,
and if in a rope; if thou art bound
in the earth, and if by a spell (vdc)
may this householder's-fire lead us
up from that to the world of the
well-done.
The second half-verse here is the
same with 120. I c, d, and seems
unconnected with
the first half. Ppp. reads, in a,
d&runa and rajva, and omits the
second half-verse,
thus reducing the hymn to three
verses, the norm of the book.
3. Arisen are the two blessed stars
named the Unfasteners; let them

bestow here of immortality (amfta) ;

let the releaser of the bound
advance.
The first half-verse is the same with
ii. 8. 1 a, b; compare also iii. 7.4 a,
b. The
verse corresponds to TA. ii.6. n,
which has, for a, ami LAV. iii. 7.4,
amu\y& subhdge
divi) and, in d, etdd for prat *tu.
4. Go thou apart ; make room ;
mayest thou free the bound one
fft>m the
bond ; like a young fallen out of the
womb, do thou dwell along all
roads.
A corresponding verse is found in
TA. (ii.6. 14), which has, for a,
vtjihirsva lokan
krdhi,* and, at the end, dnu sva
(Z\SQ patJuts after sdrvari). Ppp.
reads at the end anu

gachdi and this is what the comm.

gives as paraphrase of dnu ksiya.
The Anukr. seems
to authorize the contraction jw;/yi
*va in c. *|_In ^yfines lot yfiny&s.\