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ABSTRACT
Hydrogen production from bioethanol can get it from a renewable resource, non-toxic, without a net
contribution of CO2 to the atmosphere and which can be obtained from sugar cane, one of the most
widespread crops in Colombia and Latin America. Hydrogen is considered the fuel of the future, among
other reasons for being great bearer of energy per unit mass. His character of clean and renewable fuel
gives it a particular appeal for the demands of a market that looks more closely at oil depletion.
Technical, economic and environmental analysis of the above process is shown.
Introduction
Hydrogen has become a topic of great interest
to many global and national companies, due to
their wide applications and their ecological
aspects. Therefore it has been done extensive
research in many countries in terms of
development of new methods for their
preparation, and use of increasingly affordable
technologies.
Hydrogen is produced predominantly from fossil
fuels; roughly 96% of hydrogen is produced by
steam reforming natural gas. Perhaps 4% of
hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water.
However
from
emerging
research
is
accomplished predict that in the future
Financing
BANCOLDEX:
Is
Colombia's
business
development bank. Designs and delivers new
tools, financial and non-financial, to boost
competitiveness, productivity, growth and
development of micro, small, medium and large
Colombian companies, whether domestic or
export market.
Kinetics and reactions
The process for production of hydrogen occurs
in several stages: [9]
Steam reforming of ethanol
Depending on the type of catalyst, the reactions
and the mechanism that takes place in the
steam reforming of ethanol is different. the
catalyst of choice for this reaction is Ni / Al2O3, Laborde et al are based on experimental
results and the following proposed reaction
scheme for high values of W / F ratio and waterethanol, where ethanol is the conversion of 100
% for any temperature, the only gaseous
products, even at 300 C, are CH4, CO2, CO and
H2, not appreciating the formation of
acetaldehyde and ethylene.
Steam reforming
reactions:
involves
the
C2H5OH CO + CH4 + H2
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
C2H5OH + H2O CO2 + CH4 + 2H2
CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2
CO Conversion
following
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
k E 1 (898.15K)
1.13E-07
Ea E 1
122.9 kJ/mol
k E 2 (898.15K)
3.06E-07
Ea E 2
195.5 kJ/mol
k R 1 (898.15K)
2.48E-03
Ea R 1
174.0 kJ/mol
k R 2 (898.15K)
9.12E-04
Ea R 2
166.3 kJ/mol
() = (898.15)
1
1
)(
))
898.15
((
[8]
METHODOLOGY
The raw material for this process is ethanol
produced from sugarcane industry in Colombia
The basic production scheme includes a
feedstock pretreatment with heat, a reaction
zone consisting of four reactors, and finally a
separation zone, which because of the difficulty
would be more optimal inclusion membrane
separation
This process requires a good exchange of heat,
all the reactions involved to minimize the
concentration of carbon monoxide in the
output.
Therefore they are included in the process six
exchange units. An excellent alternative would
be to implement energy integration, in order to
give a lot more out of energy as heat coming out
of the reactors.
Pretreatment
The ethanol-water solution is pumped through
the regenerative pump to greater than
atmospheric (2 atm) to ensure the flow pressure
throughout the system.
The water-ethanol mixture is preheated and
partially vaporized in heat exchanger 1 and a
superheated steam is generated to 526 C to be
reformed.
Reaction zone
The preheated feed enters the reactor, and heat
for the endothermic reaction is supplied by
burning natural gas (methane), using an excess
of oxygen fed as air. The products of this
reaction out at 700 C. Then cooling occurs up
to 300 C to enter the second reactor, where
out is to bring high-Shift reaction. This reaction
is exothermic and the products leave at a higher
temperature (500 C). Subsequently cooling
heat exchange to 110 C for a second stage
adiabatic low temperature shift conversion
takes place Low, there is the CO content
decreases further. This stream is cooled to 50
C and the excess water is condensed and
removed in a flash.
To carry out the selective oxidation of CO (SOX)
and decrease its concentration, the wet gas is
heated to 168.6 C by an exchanger, and is
mixed with air at 30 C, obtaining a reactor
outlet temperature of 200 C.
Separation zone.
Environmental analysis
WAR analysis software, in which different
sources of energy are compared to the same
process, was performed. Coal, Oil and Gas, and
cleaner production is obtained by using gas.
This is because fewer PEI deliveries by
acidification, a lesser extent contributes to the
production of greenhouse gases.
When reviewing the overall impact of the
process it is obtained that the impact is
negative, meaning that the process is mitigated.
CONCLUSIONS
Hydrogen production is a very viable process
that arises from the need to find alternative
energy sources. Being one of the major goals of
our future engineers, to perform to perfection
these processes. Although it still has many
uncertainties especially in this storage. Since
this is one of the drawbacks to the time of
obtaining hydrogen since it must have adequate
facilities for this, since they are necessary quite
high pressures in order to compress the
product.
Observing our project must take into account
that at the time of producing hydrogen occurs
as a by-product the methane and CO2, which is
a fairly contaminant by-product for the
environment, hence there is a need to
implement techniques of recycling or
exploitation of this. In order to not be thrown
into the environment and contaminate it.
References
[1] Production of hydrogen from renewable
resources and its effectiveness. Olga Bicakova,
Economics analysis
Data obtained from the simulation software
Aspen Plus
Total Project Capital
Cost
Total Raw Materials
Cost
Total Products Sales
Total Operating
Labor and
Maintenance Cost
Cost
Cost/period
Cost/period
Cost/period
Cost/period
Cost/period
3,475,957.6
2 USD
9,962.40
USD
0 USD
442,980.00
USD
38,859.29
USD
889,155.03
USD
[4]
http://web.ing.puc.cl/~power/alumno14/hidrog/te
cnologias.htm
[5] Proyeccin al ao 2025 para el uso del
hidrgeno en el sector transporte del Valle de
Aburr. Juan Guillermo Meja Arango, Carlos
Alberto Acevedo Alvarez. Facultad de
ingenieras, Instituto Tecnolgico Metropolitano,
Medelln, Colombia. Agosto de 2013.
[6] http://www.hydroforce.com.co/
[7] Estudio sobre produccin de H2 con
hidroelectricidad para una economa de
hidrgeno en Colombia. Hernn CarvajalOsorio, Jhon H. Babativa , Julio A. Alonso.
Universidad La Gran Colombia, Bogot, D.C.,
Colombia. 2010.
[8] Bio-ethanol steam reforming on Ni based
catalyst. I. Llera, V. Mas , ML Bergamini , M.
Laborde. Chemical Engineering Science. 2011.
[9] Diseo de una planta piloto para la
produccin de hidrogeno
a partir de bioetanol para pilas de combustible
Alan Farith Caballero Malaver. universidad
industrial de Santander. 2004