APPENDIX DESIGN DATA & REFERENCES

1.0

REFERENCE

1.1

The design is based on the Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia 2nd Edition from
Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Malaysia hereinafter referred to as MSMA. The
following formulas and tables are used in the design report.

2.0

DESIGN CONSIDERATION AND CRITERIA

2.1

Table 12.16: Sediment Basin Types and Design Considerations, MSMA 2nd Edition.

Category

2.2

Soil Description

Hydrological
Soil Group

Basin
Type

Design Considerations

Coarse-grained sand, sandy loam: less

than 33% <0.02 mm

Dry

Settling velocity,
sediment storage

II

Fine-grained loam, clay: more than 33% <

0.02 mm

Wet

Storm impoundment,
sediment storage

III

Dispersible fine-grained clays: more than

10% of dispersible material

C, D

Wet

Storm impoundment,
sediment storage,
assisted flocculation

Table 12.17: Design Criteria of Sediment Basin for Sediment Control, MSMA 2nd Edition.
Parameter
Basin Type Refer
Runoff Quantity Design
Runoff Quality Design
Runoff Control

Flood Protection
Minimum Contributing Area
Storage Volume

Basin Dimension

Embankment
Erosion Protection
Sediment Trapping
Maintenance Frequency

Requirement
Table 12.16
Up to 10-years ARI
First 50 mm rainfall over contributing (equivalent impervious)
Catchment
All flow up to runoff quality design shall be retained within the
trap
The basin should drain within 24 hours (dry)/ 36 hours (wet)
after the water quality design storm.
The primary outlet/riser should be used to control storm water
runoff.
The Emergency spillway should safely conveying flows up to
10 year ARI
Ensure that upstream/ downstream flooding conditions do not
aggravate possible failure of the embankment.
2 ha
Total Storage: Refer Table 12.18 (dry) or Table 12.19 (wet)
Settling zone volume: half of total storage
Sediment zone volume: half of total storage
Minimum length to width ratio: 2:1
Maximum length to settling depth ratio: 200:1
Minimum settling zone depth: 0.6 m
Minimum sediment storage zone depth: 0.3 m
Side slope: (2(H):1(V) or flatter
Outlet protection shall be provided for the emergency spillway
90% of Total Suspended Solids Removal
Determined by dividing sediment storage capacity by the amount
of sediment collected in a water quality design storm

APPENDIX DESIGN DATA & REFERENCES

2.3

Table 12.18: Dry Sediment Basin Sizing Criteria, MSMA 2nd Edition.

Parameter
Surface Area (m2/ha
Total Volume (m3/ha)
2.4

Time of Concentration of Basin Catchment (minutes)

10
20
30
45
60
333
250
200
158
121
400
300
240
190
145

Table 12.19: Wet Sediment Basin Sizing Volume (m3/ha) , MSMA 2nd Edition.

Parameter
Settling Zone Volume
Total Volume

Site Runoff Potential

Moderate to high runoff
Very high runoff
Moderate to high runoff
Very high runoff

Magnitude of Design Storm Event (mm)

20
30
40
50
60
70
127
200
290
380
100
167
260
340
440
105
190
300
435
570
150
250
390
510
660

3.0

TIME OF CONCENTRATION

3.1

Overland flow time is estimated by the use of Friends Equation (Table 2.1, MSMA 2nd Edition).
Typical values of Hortons roughness n* for various land surfaces are taken from Table 2.2, MSMA
2nd Edition.
Table 2.1: Equations to Estimate Time of Concentration (QUDM, 2007), MSMA 2nd Edition
Travel Path
Overland Flow

Curb Gutter Flow

Drain Flow

Travel Time

Remark
to = Overland sheet flow travel time (minutes)
L = Overland sheet flow path length (m)
for Steep Slope (>10%), L 50 m
for Moderate Slope (<5%), L 100 m
for Mild Slope (<1%), L 200 m
n* = Hortons roughness value for the surface (Table 2.2)
S = Slope of overland surface (%)
tg = Curb gutter flow time (minutes)
L = Length of curb gutter flow (m)
S = Longitudinal slope of the curb gutter (%)
n = Mannings roughness coefficient (Table 2.3)
R = Hydraulic radius (m)
S = Friction slope (m/m)
L = Length of reach (m)
td = Travel time in the drain (minutes)

Table 2.2: Values of Hortons Roughness n* (QUDM, 2007), MSMA 2nd Edition
Land Surface
Paved
Bare Soil
Poorly Grassed
Average Grassed

Hortons Roughness n*
0.015
0.0275
0.035
0.045

APPENDIX DESIGN DATA & REFERENCES

Densely Grassed

0.060

4.0

DESIGN RAINFALL INTENSITY

4.1

Adopted from Hydrological Procedure (HP) No. 1 revised in 2010 expressed in Equation 2.2, MSMA
2nd Edition:

where,
i
T
d
, K, ,

= average rainfall intensity (mm/hr)

= average recurrence interval ARI (0.5 T 12 months & 2 T 100 years)
= storm duration (hours), 0.0833 d 72
= fitting constants dependent on the raingauge location (Table 2.B1 in Appendix 2.B)

5.0

STAGE DISCHARGE RELATIONSHIP

5.1

For a single orifice, orifice flow is estimated by the use of Equation 2.6, MSMA 2nd Edition.
Q = Co Ao (2gHo)0.5
where,
Q
Co
Ao
Ho
G

= orifice flow rate (m3/s)

= discharge coefficient (0.60)
= x-sectional area of orifice (m2)
= effective head of the orifice measured from the centroid of the opening (m)
= gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s2)

If orifice discharges as a free outfall, effective head is measured from the centerline of the orifice to the
upstream water surface elevation
If orifice discharge is submerged, effective head is the difference in elevation of the upstream and
downstream water surfaces.
5.2

Broad-crested emergency spillway flow is estimated by the use of Equation 2.10, MSMA 2nd Edition.

where,
Q
CSP
B
Hp

= emergency spillway discharge (m3/s)

= spillway discharge coefficient (m0.5/s)
= spillway base width (m)
= effective head on the spillway weir crest (m)

The discharge coefficient CSP in Equation 2.10 varies as a function of spillway base width and
effective head (Table 2.7).

APPENDIX DESIGN DATA & REFERENCES

Table 2.7: Broad-Crested Weir Coefficient CSP Values as a Function of Weir Base Width and Head
(FHWA, 1996), MSMA 2nd Edition
Head
Hp (m)
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60

0.15
1.59
1.65
1.73
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83

0.20
1.56
1.60
1.66
1.77
1.80
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83

0.30
1.50
1.51
1.54
1.64
1.74
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83

0.40
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.56
1.65
1.74
1.73
1.78
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83

0.50
1.45
1.45
1.46
1.50
1.57
1.67
1.65
1.72
1.79
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83
1.83

Weir Base Width B (m)

0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
1.43 1.42 1.41 1.40 1.39
1.44 1.44 1.44 1.45 1.45
1.44 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.48
1.47 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.47
1.52 1.49 1.47 1.46 1.46
1.60 1.55 1.51 1.48 1.48
1.58 1.54 1.46 1.31 1.34
1.65 1.60 1.53 1.44 1.45
1.72 1.66 1.60 1.57 1.55
1.76 1.71 1.66 1.61 1.58
1.81 1.76 1.70 1.64 1.60
1.83 1.80 1.75 1.66 1.62
1.83 1.83 1.79 1.70 1.65
1.83 1.83 1.82 1.77 1.71
1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.77
1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.79
1.83 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.81

1.25
1.37
1.44
1.48
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.56
1.60
1.66
1.74

1.50
1.35
1.43
1.49
1.48
1.47
1.46
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.49
1.51
1.52
1.55
1.58

2.00
1.36
1.44
1.49
1.48
1.47
1.46
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.53

3.00
1.40
1.45
1.49
1.48
1.48
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.46

4.00
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.45