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Abstract
The study discussed relates to the design and development of a process consisting of combining a reversible geothermal heat pump
with thermal solar collectors for building heating and cooling and the production of domestic hot water. The proposed process, called
GEOSOL, has been installed in a 180 m2 private residence in 2004. This installation is the subject of long-term experimental follow-up to
analyse the energy-related behavior of the installation at all times of the year. In addition, dierent congurations of this combined system (geothermal heat pump and thermal solar collectors) have been dened and will be simulated numerically using TRNSYS software.
A comparative analysis of these dierent alternative versions will be conducted to determine the best conguration(s) of the GEOSOL
process in terms of energy, economical and environmental performances.
2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Ground-coupled heat pump; Borehole heat exchanger; Ground heat depletion; Thermal solar collectors
1. Introduction
In recent years, under the impetus of a number of parties
(politicians, associations, energy sectors, etc.), the renewable energy market has been growing. However, while in
the public services sector, it can be seen that accounting
for environmental factors is frequently a proactive act,
motivation levels remain low in the general public. Nevertheless, there are energy solutions that are suitable for both
sectors. In this way, the use of incident solar energy via
thermal solar collectors and energy stored in the supercial
layers of the soil (less than one hundred metres deep) via
borehole heat exchangers (BHE) oer clear potential in
terms of valorization both for private residences or small
public buildings due to the suitability of the diuse nature
of these energies for scattered settlements, and for large
public buildings, provided that the soil surface is compatible.
*
In this context, Agence De lEnvironnement et de la Matrise de lEnergie (French Agency for Energy and the Environment) is contributing to the funding of a research and
development project proposed by the laboratory LOCIE
(Laboratoire Optimisation de la Conception et Ingenierie
de lEnvironnement Design optimisation and environmental environment engineering laboratory) de lEcole Superieure dIngenieurs de Chambery de luniversite de Savoie
(EngineersCollege of Chambery, University of Savoie)
and three industrial partners: CIAT(1), EcoAlternative(2)
and CLIPSOL(3) which are respectively represented by
Eric Auzenet (Research Engineer, E.Auzenet@ciat.fr),
Pierre-Albert Watier, (Director, Pierre.Watier@ecoalternative.com) and Philippe Papillon (Research Engineer,
Philippe.Papillon@clipsol.com).
(1) CIAT Av. Jean Falconnier, BP 14 01350 Culoz
France
(2) EcoAlternative 251, route de la Serraz ZI de la
Plaisse, 73375 Le Bourget du Lac France
(3) CLIPSOL Parc dActivites Economiques Les Combaruches 73100 Aix-les-Bains, France
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Nomenclature
BHE borehole heat exchanger
COP
coecient of performance
HDPE high-density polyethylene
to heat
heatpump
pump
Text
SOIL
SOIL
FILLING
FILLI
NG MATERIAL
MA TERIAL
(ciment bentonite
(ciment
bentonitemixture
mixture
or sand)
LIQUID COOLANT
COOLANT
(water anda
(water
and antifreeze)
ntifreeze)
Tsoil
BOREHOLE
between550
between
0 and
and150
150
mm
deep
deep
between 10
between
10and
and2020
cmcm
diameter
diameter
SINGLE U-PIPES
SINGLE
U-PIPESHEAT
HEAT
EXCHAN GER consisting
EXCHANGER
consistingof
of
HDPEtube
HDPE
tube
BOTTOM VIEW
BOTTOM
VI EW OF
OF
BOREHOLE EXCHANGER
EXCHANGER
WI TH A SINGLE U-PIPES
U-PIPES
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15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Time in years
Fig. 2. Variations in average soil temperature in the vicinity of a borehole heat exchanger.
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5. Theoretical approach
TRNSYS software is widely used by the international
scientic community in the eld of energy applications
and is based on interconnectable models known as
TYPEs. The TYPEs correspond to the modelling of
the components of the system studied (BHE system, thermal solar collectors, etc.) or specic functions (weather le
reading, etc.). The software includes a basic component
library, but it is also possible to create new components
or make changes to those that already exist.
The modelling will make it possible to conduct a theoretical study on the various alternative versions of the
GEOSOL process (see Table 1 below), in order to determine
the best process conguration(s) representing the optimum
technical and economical solution guaranteeing the commercial distribution of the system. This analysis will enable
a competitive positioning of the installations under study
with respect to conventional heating installations.
So as to obtain a progressive comparative approach, initially, a geothermal heat pump only, which will serve as a
reference for all the other alternative versions in the study,
will be envisaged. On the other hand, the direct solar oor
system only will also be taken into consideration so as
obtain, with the above system, two diametrically opposed
basic solutions, since one only uses energy from the
Table 1
Overview of the various alternative versions studied
Technical
solution
Heating
Heat pump
reference
solution
Intermediate
solution
GEOSOL
solution
Heat pump
Heat pump
Solar
reference
solution
Heat pump
ground, while the other only uses energy supplied by thermal solar collectors.
In order to tend towards a solution where the combination of the two above systems is optimised, the following
two intermediate solutions will be envisaged:
Intermediate solution: consists of juxtaposing a geothermal heat pump for heating and an independent domestic
solar hot water system, with each component being
designed in a completely independent manner.
GEOSOL solution: consists of a combination of a geothermal heat pump and thermal solar collectors for heating and domestic hot water production. Compared to
the intermediate solution, the solar collectors circuit is
connected to the oor heating circuit (PSD) and the
BHE system in order to recharge the ground during
periods of excess solar production.
The purpose of the modelling will also be to study the
various operating sequences of the GEOSOL process in
detail. The purpose of simulating these sequences is to
determine whether their respective operating time is significant and to evaluate their inuence on the installations
annual energy and environmental balance. In each
sequence, sensitivity studies will be conducted to analyse
the inuence of the dierent parameters. Other sequences
liable to improve the installations performance will also
be envisaged and studied.
6. Conclusions
The combination of renewable energies such as thermal
solar energy and geothermal energy in a single system
should make it possible to meet heating, cooling and hot
water requirements, while guaranteeing a satisfactory level
of comfort and quality of use under all circumstances.
The project developed is indicative of the determination
of the industrial partners working together to design new
energy systems in line with current technical, economical
and environmental constraints, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, more generally, have sustainable
operating system.
The end purpose of the GEOSOL project is to oer an
alternative technical solution which helps reduce operating
costs compared to those generated by conventional solutions using fossil energies. In addition, our solution initially
devised for private dwellings may be extended to collective
dwellings and the tertiary sector. For these two types of
application, thermal solar collectors could help reduce
the number of boreholes and the investment cost of the
installation.
Acknowledgements
This study was nancially supported by the APS
(Assemblee des Pays de Savoie) and by the ADEME
(Agence francaise de lEnvironnement et de la Matrise
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