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SCAN
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SCANorSchedulesforClinicalAssessmentinNeuropsychiatryisasetoftoolscreatedbyWHO
aimedatdiagnosingandmeasuringmentalillnessthatmayoccurinadultlife.Itisnotconstructed
explicitlyforusewitheitherICD10orDSMIVbutcanbeusedforbothsystems.TheSCANsystem
wasoriginallycalledPSE,orPresentStateExamination,butsinceversion10(PSE10),thecommonly
acceptednamehasbeenSCAN.ThecurrentversionofSCANis2.1.

Contents
1Interviewitems
1.1Section0Facesheetandsociodemographicitems
1.2Section1BeginningtheInterview
1.3Section2Somatoformanddissociativesymptoms
1.4Section3Worrying,tension,etc.
1.5Section4Panic,Anxietyandphobias
1.6Section5Obsessionalsymptoms
1.7Section6Depressedmoodandideation
1.8Section7Thinking,concentration,energy,interest
1.9Section8Bodilyfunctions
1.10Section9Eatingdisorders
1.11Section10Expansivemoodandideation
1.12Section11Useofalcohol
1.13Section12Useofpsychoactivesubstancesotherthanalcohol
1.14Section13Interferenceandattributionsforpartone
1.15Section14Screenforitemsinparttwo
1.16Section15Languageproblemsatexamination
1.17Section16Perceptualdisordersotherthanhallucinations
1.18Section17Hallucinations
1.19Section18Experiencesofthoughtinterferenceandreplacementofwill
1.20Section19Delusions
1.21Section20FurtherinformationforclassificationofPart2symptoms
1.22Section21Cognitiveimpairmentanddecline
1.23Section22Motorandbehavioralitems
1.24Section23Affect
1.25Section24Speechabnormalities
1.26Section25Autismspectrumchecklist
1.27Sections26and27Itemgroupchecklist,ClinicalHistorySchedule
2Seealso
3References

Interviewitems
TheentireSCANinterviewconsistsof1,872items,spreadoutover28sections.Mostpatients,however,
willonlyneedpartsoftheinterview,anditisassessedinthebeginningofeachsectionifthesectionis
actuallyrelevant.Thesectionsareasfollows:

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Section0Facesheetandsociodemographicitems
ThefirstsectionintheSCANinterviewisconcernedwithsociodemographicitemssuchasage,gender,
education,etc.

Section1BeginningtheInterview
Insection1(thesecondsection),theinterviewerstartstoasktherespondentorpatientaboutwhatkinds
ofsymptomshasbeenexperienced.Thissectionisnotusedindiagnosis,butitisintendedasahelpfor
theinterviewertodeterminewhichitemsintheinterviewtoemphasizeon.Assuch,itisascreeningtool
forpart1oftheinterview(sections2to13).

Section2Somatoformanddissociativesymptoms
Section2isprimarilycenteredaroundsomatoformanddissociativesymptomsandisratedbothbyusing
directquestionsandbyobservingthepatient.

Section3Worrying,tension,etc.
Section3exploresthedegreeofworryingandtensioninthepatient,bydirectquestionsaboutfeelings
ofworrying,nervoustension,musculartension,fatiguability,noisesensitivity,etc.

Section4Panic,Anxietyandphobias
Section4measuresthedegreeandphysiologicalreactionsassociatedwithpotentialanxietyattacksand
phobias,includingbehaviourinwhichsituationsareavoidedduetophobias.Fearofdyingand
generalizedanxietydisorderarealsomeasured.

Section5Obsessionalsymptoms
Section5explores,bydirectquestions,whethertherespondentexperiencesbehaviourcharacteristicof
OCD.

Section6Depressedmoodandideation
Section6measures,bydirectquestions,whethertherespondentisdepressed,byitemsrelatingtofeeling
low,uncontrolledcrying,anhedonia,lossoffeeling,suicidaltendencies,socialwithdrawal,insomniaor
hypersomnia,dysthymia,etc.

Section7Thinking,concentration,energy,interest
Section7measurescognitivefunctioningthroughdirectquestionsaboutconcentration,lossofinterests
ordrive,andbeingoverwhelmedbyeverydaytasks.

Section8Bodilyfunctions
Section8asksdirectquestionsaboutweightandweightgainorloss,appetite,sleeppatterns,andlibido.

Section9Eatingdisorders
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Section9aimstodiagnoseeatingdisorderssuchasbulimiaandanorexianervosa.

Section10Expansivemoodandideation
Section10measureswhethertherespondentexperienceseuphoriaorabnormallyelevatedmood
(mania),whichcanbeusedindiagnosing,forinstance,bipolardisorders.

Section11Useofalcohol
Section11measures,throughdirectquestions,amountsofalcoholicbeveragesconsumedandsocial,
legal,physical,andotherproblemsrelatedtoalcoholuse.

Section12Useofpsychoactivesubstancesotherthanalcohol
Section12measures,againthroughdirectquestions,thesameassection11,onlyrelatingtoprescription
drugs,illicitdrugs,andnicotine.

Section13Interferenceandattributionsforpartone
Thissectionisratedbytheinterviewerbasedontheclinicalpictureoftheinterviewandthepatientin
general,andisthusnotcompletedbyusingdirectquestions.

Section14Screenforitemsinparttwo
Justlikesection1,section14isusedforscreeningtheexistenceofsymptoms,inthiscaseforpart2of
theSCANinterviewwhichfocusesonpsychoticsymptoms.

Section15Languageproblemsatexamination
Inthissection,theinterviewerratestheexistenceofanylanguageproblemsthatmakesconductingthe
interviewimpossible.Manyoftheothersectionsprovideoptionsforratingthatassessmentofindividual
itemsisimpossiblebecauseofthepresenceoflanguageproblemsrecordedinsection15.

Section16Perceptualdisordersotherthanhallucinations
Section16measures,throughdirectquestions,whethernonhallucinatoryperceptualdisordersare
present.Thesemaypresentthemselvesbytherespondentsstatingtohaveexperiencesoftheir
surroundingsbeingdistorted,orunreal(derealization),orthattheythemselvesarenotreal,butmorelike
charactersinaplay(depersonalization).Experiencessuchasbelievingthatone'sreflectionis
unrecognizable,orthatone'sappearancehasbeenchanged,arealsoratedhere.

Section17Hallucinations
Inthissection,therespondentisaskedabouttheexperienceofhallucinations,betheyvisual,auditory
(verbalornonverbal),olfactory,tactile,orsexual.

Section18Experiencesofthoughtinterferenceandreplacementofwill

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Section18measurestheexistenceandtypeofthoughtinterference.Theseincludetherespondents'
thoughtsbeingread,loud(i.e.havingvoicelikesound),echoing,beingbroadcast,orevenstolen.
Experiencesofthoughtbeinginsertedintotherespondents'mindsarealsoratedhere,asisthe
experienceofthoughtstopping,involuntarily,assuddenlyasaTVbecomingunplugged.Alternatelines
ofthought,thatdon'tbelongtotherespondentbutthatcommentontherespondentssthoughts,arerated
aswell.Soistheexperienceofexternalforces(e.g.otherpeople)controllingtherespondents'will,
voice,handwriting,actions,oraffect.

Section19Delusions
Delusionsofbeingspiedupon,andotherparanoiddelusions,areratedbydirectquestionsinthissection.
Othertypesofdelusionscoveredinthissectionincludeothersnotbeingwhotheyclaimtobe,that
peopleclosetotherespondenthavebeenreplacedwithlookalikes,anddelusionsofconspiracy.
Furthermore,hypochondrialdelusions,andgrandiosedelusions,etc.,areratedbytheinterviewer.

Section20FurtherinformationforclassificationofPart2symptoms
Thissectionisfullyratedbytheintervieweraftertheinterview,anddealswithaspectsofdurationand
courseofschizophreniaandpsychosisandothersymptomsratedinpart2oftheSCANinterview.

Section21Cognitiveimpairmentanddecline
Thissectionconsistsofaseriesofteststobeconductedbytherespondenttoestablishthepresenceof
cognitiveimpairmentsuchasdementia.ThemajorityofthesectionconsistsofaMiniMentalState
Examination(MMSE).Thisincludestestingtherespondents'abilitytoknowwheretheyare,whatthe
dateandyearis,torememberwords,tofollowinstructions,attention,andconcentration.

Section22Motorandbehavioralitems
Thissectionisratedbytheinterviewerbasedonobservingtherespondents,orconsultingtheirmedical
charts.Avarietyofitemsareassessed,includingunderactivity,stupor,distractibility,agitation,
ambitendence,echopraxia,embarrassingorbizarrebehavior,histrionicbehavior,selfinjury,hoardingof
objects,andavarietyofnegativesymptoms.

Section23Affect
Section24Speechabnormalities
Section25Autismspectrumchecklist
Sections26and27Itemgroupchecklist,ClinicalHistorySchedule

Seealso
Diagnosticclassificationandratingscalesusedinpsychiatry

References
Wing,J."SCANandthePSEtradition."Soc.PsychiatryPsychiatr.Epidemiol.31.2(1996):5054.
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Wing,J.K.,etal."SCAN.SchedulesforClinicalAssessmentinNeuropsychiatry."
Arch.Gen.Psychiatry47.6(1990):58993.
Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SCAN&oldid=660582768"
Categories: Psychiatricinstruments
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