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Fuel
Flexible Gas Turbines for Sustainable
Power Generation
2013,
2012,
General
General
Electric
Electric
Company.
Company.
Proprietary
Proprietary
Information.
Information.
AllAll
Rights
Rights
Reserved.
Reserved.
2
2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
Outline
Introduction
Fuel Flexibility Options
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Syngas
Oils
3
2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
Introduction
27.3%
31.5%
10,522
Total
6
2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
Auto-ignition
Flashback
Combustion dynamics
Combustor lean-blowout
Emissions compliance (NOx, CO)
Wobbe Number
1550
EU Harmonization
1500
1450
1400
Spain
France
Mexico
Florida
NGC+
UK
1350
1300
1250
California
1200
Min
0
0
85
3
0
0
0
0
0
1045
Max
0.4
0.7
96
13
4
0.9
0.9
0.1
0
1170
Syngas
Gas clean-up
Gasification
Gas Turbine
Partial
oxidation
MNQC Combustor
Diluent (N 2, Steam)
Solid feedstock is
gasfied
H2 & CO
(syngas)
10
2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
42
Gasification
Shift Process
Partial
oxidation
CO 2 Capture +
Compression
Steam/Syngas Reactor
Solid feedstock is
gasfied
H2 & CO
CO + H2O => CO 2 + H2
(syngas)
CO 2
EOR or Storage
Gas Turbine
MNQC Combustor
Diluent (N 2, Steam)
H2
11
Ventilation modifications
Inlet duct &
plenum
Static
starter
Enclosure
modifications:
Piping for syngas, diluent, etc.
Explosion proofing
Hazardous gas detection
Fire protection
IGCC Controls
with added I/O
Controls hardware
and software
Water injection skid
Accessory module
Liquid fuel and atomizing air
Exhaust system
12
Air
extraction
N2/Steam
Fuel nozzle
Syngas
Air from
compressor
Natural gas/
syngas
Liner
Flow sleeve Transition piece
13
Oils
Ethanol
Successful test performed on a 6B Gas Turbine in 2008
Commonalities with naphtha: high volatility, poor lubricity, miscible
6B Gas Turbinestandard combustor
Fuel: B20 B100
Fuel: Ethanol
LM6000* SAC
Fuel: B100
15
2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
4 key attributes
Smart cool down
Automated water wash
Model based control
Open S1 nozzle
Decreases offline time to perform water
wash (from 48 to <16 hours)
Reduce degradation and maintain Tfire
25% reduction in output degradation rate
More power, better efficiency
16
2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
IGV
Splits
TTRF ~ Tx
CPR
TCD
Fuel
Splits
IBH
TTRF
Tx
Control
Curve
Iso-Therm
MINIMUM
IGV
IBH
Tx_req +
P+I
W_fuel
/ IGV
Tx
Limit Scheduling
+_
Loop-InControl
+_
+_
+_
Loop-InControl
+_
+_
W * e 6.394*SH
3.95
T3
1.25
270
P3 * e
0.16
W_fuel
/ IGV
Loop-InControl
IBH
Accommodation Of Machine
Deterioration
Fuel
Splits
Physics-Based
Boundary Models
Surrogates
ARES - Parameter
Estimation
Engine Model
Boundary
Scheduling
Logic
Boundary
Targets
Errors
+_
Model-Based
Control Structure
Effectors
TF Tuning
Estimated
Boundary
Levels
Boundary
Transfer
Functions
Surrogates
ARES - Parameter
Estimation
Boundary Transfer
Functions
Engine Model
19
2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
+_
+_
Loop-InControl
+_
+_
+_
Loop-InControl
+_
+_
W
* e 6 . 394 * SH
3 . 95
T3
NOx@
1 . 25
15%O2
270
P3 * e
0 . 16
IBH
Loop-InControl
+_
+_
Fuel
Splits
NOxref * e
*e
9.5( SH SH ref )
W_fuel
/ IGV
Physi cs-Based
Boundary Model s
.006*(Tfl Tflref )
Surrogates
*Q
Engine Model
Fuel Flexibility
NOx [ppm@15%O2]
120
NOx
Load
110
100
90
80
100
-20
20
40
60
80
Time [sec]
GEI-41040
5% 7FA
20%
9FA
30
(-44%)
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
(22%)
Wide Wobbe
20
2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
9.0
MW I
45.5
MW I
8.8
NOx
8.6
45.0
8.4
44.5
8.2
44.0
8.0
43.5
7.8
43.0
7.6
42.5
7.4
42.0
7.2
41.5
46.0
7.0
11:24 AM
11:38 AM
11:52 AM
12:07 PM
12:21 PM
Time
Combustion Dynamics
Amplitude (% Target)
90
80
47
Frequency 1
Frequency 2
MWI
46
46
70
45
60
45
50
44
40
44
30
43
20
43
10
42
0
11:24 AM
42
11:38 AM
11:52 AM
12:07 PM
MWI
100
12:21 PM
Time
21
2013, General Electric Company. Proprietary Information. All Rights Reserved.
Summary
Regional trends, design/operational
constraints and fuel availability will
continue to drive the power generation
industry towards non-traditional fuels
Gas turbines have demonstrated
capability to operate on a wide variety
gaseous and liquid fuels
GE has successfully tested/operated
many of these fuels and decreased
OpEx and CapEx impacts to the heavy
duty gas turbine goal is for
performance like it is operating on
natural gas