DESIGN CRITERIA

INTERNAL CORROSION

MATERIALS AND CORROSION CONTROL METHODS

IN GATHERING AND TREATMENT OIL AND GAS PLANTS

08053.MAT.COR.PRG

Rev.2

June 1995

2
REV.

General revision
DESCRIPTION

CESCOR

STIN

CORM

15.06.95

COMP.

VERIF.

APPR.

DATE

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 2

FOREWORD

Rev. 2

No. Sheets 44
June 1995
The type of document has been changed from GENERAL SPECIFICATION
to DESIGN CRITERIA.
The Normative references chapter has been revised and updated.
The content of the document has been revised in accordance with the following
goals:
define the corrosivity class and the type of the fluids in the main components
in gathering and treatment oil and gas plants;
characterize applicable materials and corrosion control methods, specifying
the minimal technical requirements that shall be observed.
A detailed list of definition has been introduced.

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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Sheet 3

CONTENTS
1

GENERAL

1.1
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4

Scope
Normative references
European normative references
Normative references of ISO, IEC and national organizations
Normative references of other organizations
Internal normative references

1.3

Definitions

GATHERING AND TREATMENT PLANTS

2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3

Gathering and treatment plants

Oil and gas gathering plants
Oil treatment plant
Gas treatment plants

2.2
2.2.1
2.2.2

Corrosivity classes
Liquid hydrocarbons and multiphase systems (I.L. fluid types)
Gas and gas condensates hydrocarbons (I.G. fluid types)

2.3
2.4

Metallic materials
Corrosion control methods

OIL AND GAS GATHERING PLANTS

3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4

General
Oil and multiphase flowline
I.L.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S
I.L.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2
I.L.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S
I.L.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4

Gas flowline
I.G.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S
I.G.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2
I.G.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S
I.G.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8

Separated water flowline

Wellhead separators
Glycol lines
Manifold
Bolts

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June 1995
Sheet 4

OIL TREATMENT PLANTS

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2

General
Multiphase Lines from the manifold to separators
Heat exchanger
Material selection for pipes and tube sheets
Material selection for the shell

4.4
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4

Air cooler
Separators (I, II, III phase)
I.L.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S
I.L.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2
I.L.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S
I.L.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

4.6
4.7
4.8
4.8.1
4.8.2
4.8.3
4.8.4

Oil lines between separators

Gathering gas lines
Separated water lines
I.L.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S
I.L.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2
I.L.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S
I.L.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

4.9
4.10
4.11

Stabilizer
Oil flowlines
Oil line

GAS TREATMENT PLANTS

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4

General
Water saturated gas lines
Separation plant
I.G.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S
I.G.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2
I.G.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S
I.G.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.9.1
5.9.2
5.9.3
5.9.4

Separated water lines

Condensates lines
Wet gas preheaters
Dehydration columns
Dry gas lines
Depressurization lines and collectors
I.G.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S
I.G.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2
I.G.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S
I.G.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

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VALVES

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4

Designations
Valve components
Recommended materials
I.L.N. Fluid class - Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S
I.L.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2
I.L.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S
I.L.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

PUMPS

7.1
7.2

Designations
Pump components

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GENERAL

1.1

Scope
This document defines the materials and the corrosion control methods for both
onshore and offshore oil and gas production, gathering and treatment plants,
with regard to the corrosivity characteristics of the main process fluids based, in
particular, on CO 2 and H2S content and on the operating conditions.
Oil and gas production plants are here intended as the plants between wellhead
(not included) and the delivery lines. The following plants are not considered in
the present specification:
glycol regenerating plants;
gas sweetening plants;
compressors.
The procedures concerning corrosion control in the following conditions are
not included in the scope of this specification:
conditioning before start-up;
hydraulic tests;
plant shutdowns.
Corrosion and corrosion control methods relevant external corrosion (including
paints, coatings, cathodic protection) are out of the scope of the present
specification.
Criteria and specified requirements are intended for a design life equal to 20
years. In case of different design life, criteria and requirements may not result
adequate.

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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Sheet 7

1.2

Normative references

1.2.1

European normative references

No European normatives exist on the argument of this specification.

1.2.2

Normative references of ISO, IEC and national organizations

ISO 8044

1.2.3

1.2.4

Basic Terms and Definitions on Corrosion.

Normative references of other organizations

EFC O&G 93-1

Guidelines on Material Requirements for Carbon

and Low Alloy Steels for H 2S Containing Oil and
Gasfield Service.

NACE MR0175

Sulphide Stress Cracking Metallic Material for

Oil Field Equipment.

NACE RP0575

Design, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance

of Internal Cathodic Protection Systems in Oil
Treating Vessels.

NACE RP0181

Liquid Applied Internal Protection Lining and

Coating for Oil Field Production Equipment.

API 5L

Specification for Line Pipe.

API 5LC

Specification for CRA Line Pipe.

API RP14E

Design and Installation of Offshore Production

Platform Piping System.

Internal normative references

02555.VAR.COR.PRG.

Design criteria. Internal corrosion. Corrosion

parameters and classification of the fluids.

20197.VAR.COR.SDS.

Company specification. Internal

monitoring. Typical corrosion control.

15801.PIP.MEC.STD.

General specification. Intercepting, regulating and

retaining hand-activated valves .

01205.MAC.MEC.SPC.

General specification. Centrifugal pumps for

general services.

corrosion

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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Sheet 8

01582.MAC.MEC.SPC.

General specification. Centrifugal process pumps

(API 610).

01581.MAC.MEC.SPC.

General specification.
centrifugal pumps.

03590.MAC.MEC.SPC.

General specification. Alternate pump s (API

674)

03690.MAC.MEC.SPC.

General specification. Rotary pumps (API 676).

Vertical

submersible

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1.3

Definitions
Austenitic stainless steel
Stainless steel whose microstructure at room temperature consist predominantly
of austenite (NACE MR0175).
Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless steel
Stainless steel whose microstructure, at room temperature, consists primarily of
a mixture of austenite and ferrite (NACE MR0175).
Carbon steel
An alloy of carbon and iron containing up to 2% carbon and up to 1.65%
manganese and residual quantities of other elements, except those intentionally
added in specific quantities for deoxidation (usually silicon and/or aluminium).
The carbon steels used in oil industry usually contain less than 0.8% carbon
(NACE MR0175).
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking - CSCC
Formation of cracks caused by stress corrosion cracking in a water- and
chloride ions-containing environments (NACE MR0175).
Cobalt alloy
Metallic alloy with prevailing high cobalt content.
Corrosion
Physicochemical interaction between a metal and its environment that results in
changes in the properties of the metal and which may often lead to impairment
of the function of the metal, the environment, or the technical system, of which
these form a part (ISO 8044).
Corrosion resistance
Property of the metal to resist corrosion in a certain environment (ISO 8044).
Corrosion resistant alloys - CRA
With the term Corrosion Resistant Alloy - CRA the following materials are
intended: stainless steels; nickel alloys; titanium alloys; cobalt alloys.
Corrosive agent
Substance that reacts with a specific metal when they are in contact (ISO 8044).
Corrosive environment
Environments that contains one or more corrosive agent (ISO 8044).
Corrosivity
Property of an environment to cause corrosion in a certain corrosion system
(ISO 8044).

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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Corrosivity class
In the present document, it is an attribute conventionally assigned to each type
of fluid in order to point out the most significant corrosivity features. For the
fluid designed: liquid hydrocarbons and multiphase (I.L.), gas and gas with
condensates hydrocarbon (I.G.) and glycol (G.), the following corrosivity
classes are defined:
N.
non containing CO 2 or H2S
C.
containing CO 2
S.
containing H 2S
CS.
containing CO 2 and H2S
Hydrogen Induced Cracking - HIC
Stepwise cracking phenomenon, that happens typically in carbon steels
manufactured by hot rolling procedure; cracks on the same layer tend to
conjunct with cracks on nearby layers forming steps through the metallic wall
that reduce mechanical resistance (ISO 8044).
Low alloy steel
Steel with a total alloying element content of less than about 5%, but more than
specified for carbon steel (NACE MR0175).
Martensitic stainless steel
Stainless steel in which a microstructure of martensite can be attained by
quenching at a cooling rate fast enough to avoid the formation of other
microstructure (NACE MR0175).
Nickel alloy
Metallic alloy with austenitic microstructure, with the characteristic presence of
a high nickel content above the content of every other element.
Predicted corrosion rate
It is the corrosion rate, usually expressed quantitatively (in mm/y) and/or
qualitatively, determined: (a) after the corrosion study, applying all the
available knowledge and tools; (b) through laboratory tests, simulating the real
conditions; (c) on the base of field corrosion monitoring data applicable to the
case under study. The following categories are recommended to express in a
qualitative way the penetration rate for general corrosion forms: negligible,
low, moderate, severe, very severe.
Residual corrosion rate
Corrosion rate after injection of corrosion inhibitors .
Sour conditions
Conditions, usually with H 2S presence, that cause Sulphide Stress Cracking
occurrence in susceptible materials. The definition is according to NACE
MR0175 or EFC O&G 93-1.
Stainless steel

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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Steel containing enough chromium (usually above 11%) to give steel a

sufficient corrosion resistance. Other elements may be added to secure special
properties.

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Stepwise Cracking - SWC

Formation of cracks, even in absence of mechanical solicitations, as a
consequence of diffusion of atomic hydrogen, produced in the cathodic reaction
in H2S containing environments, and the successive recombination to molecular
hydrogen inside the metallic lattice near microcracks, inclusions or defects.
Stepwise Cracking includes: Stress Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking,
Blistering, Hydrogen Induced Cracking.
Stress Corrosion Cracking - SCC
Process resulting from the combined action of corrosion and a state of traction
mechanical solicitation caused by applied or residual tension; it causes
superficial cracks that diffuse in a direction perpendicular to the traction
solicitation.
Sulphide Stress Cracking - SSC
Formation of cracks caused by stress corrosion, with a significant contribution
of H2S as a corroding agent.
Titanium alloy
Metallic alloy with prevailing high titanium content.
Type of fluid
The following types of fluid are considered: liquid hydrocarbons (I.L.); gas and
gas with condensates hydrocarbons (I.G.); glycol (G.); sea water (A.M.); fresh
water (A.D.); brackish water (A.S.); formation water (A.F.).
Wettability
Tendency of a fluid to disperse or to adhere to a solid surface in presence of
another insoluble liquid. Wettability is a measure of the preference of corrosion
products or metallic surfaces for water or oil.
Water wetting
Wetting of exposed surfaces by the water phase; this happens when water is
present in liquid state and water is even temporarily in contact with the metallic
surface.

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 13

GATHERING AND TREATMENT PLANTS

2.1

Gathering and treatment plants

In the present specification oil and gas gathering and treatment plants are
divided into:
oil and gas gathering plants, from wellhead (not included) to manifold;
oil treatment plants, from manifold to stabilized oil tank and dehydrated gas
transporting lines;
gas treatment plants, from manifold to dehydrated gas transporting lines.

2.1.1

Oil and gas gathering plants

These plants include the following main components:
oil and multiphase flowlines;
gas flowlines;
separated formation water flowlines;
glycol lines;
wellhead separator;
manifold;
bolts.
Typical plant drawings for oil and gas gathering plants are reported in figures 1
and 2 respectively.

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to the treatment
plant

gas

wellhead
separator
oil

choke valve

water

well head

wellhead area

manifold area

oil well

Figure 1 - Typical oil gathering plant.

glycol line

gas

condensates
to the treatment
plant
water
wellhead
separator
wellhead
wellhead area

manifold area

gas well

Figure 2 - Typical gas gathering plant.

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2.1.2

Oil treatment plant

These plants include the following main components:
oil line from manifold to separators;
heat exchanger;
air cooler;
separators (I, II, III phase);
oil lines between separators;
separated gas gathering line;
separated water line;
desalination unit;
gathering and distribution lines of separated water;
oil line;
pumps;
valves.
Typical plant drawing for oil treatment plants is reported in figure 3.

stabilized oil,
steam or water
gas
S1
degassing column
S2
oil
S3

water
S=separators

Figure 3 - Typical oil treatment plant.

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2.1.3

Gas treatment plants

These plants include the following main components:
wet gas lines;
separation equipment;
separated condensate lines;
separated water lines;
wet gas pre-heaters;
dehydration tower;
dry gas lines;
depressurization lines and collectors;
valves;
pumps.
Typical plant drawing for gas treatment plants is reported in figure 4.
dry gas
glycol

glycol
water trap

wet gas
pre-heater

dehidration
column

degassing column

Figure 4 - Typical gas and gas with condensates treatment plant.

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2.2

Corrosivity classes

2.2.1

Liquid hydrocarbons and multiphase systems (I.L. fluid types)

The following corrosivity classes are considered:
I.L.N. non containing CO 2 and H2S
pCO2 < 0.001 bar (0.0001 MPa) and pH 2S < 0.0035 bar (0.00035 MPa)
I.L.C. containing CO 2
pCO2 > 0.001 bar and pH 2S < 0.0035 bar
I.L.S. containing H 2S
pCO2 < 0.001 bar and pH 2S > 0.0035 bar
I.L.CS. containing CO 2 and H2S
pCO2 > 0.001 bar and pH 2S > 0.0035 bar

2.2.2

Gas and gas condensates hydrocarbons (I.G. fluid types)

I.G.N. non containing CO 2 and H2S
pCO2 < 0.001 bar (0.0001 MPa) and pH 2S < 0.0035 bar (0.00035 MPa)
I.G.C. containing CO 2
pCO2 > 0.001 bar and pH 2S < 0.0035 bar
I.G.S. containing H 2S
pCO2 < 0.001 bar and pH 2S > 0.0035 bar
I.G.CS. containing CO 2 and H2S
pCO2 > 0.001 bar and pH 2S > 0.0035 bar

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2.3

Metallic materials
Metallic materials used in oil production plants and mentioned in this document
are the following:
carbon or low alloy steels;
stainless steels;
martensitic;
austenitic;
austenitic-ferritic (duplex);
nickel alloys;
nickel iron chromium molybdenum;
nickel chromium molybdenum;
nickel copper;
cobalt alloys;

cobalt nickel chromium molybdenum;

cobalt nickel chromium tungsten;

titanium alloys.

2.4

Corrosion control methods

The applicable internal corrosion control methods are:
corrosion allowance;
continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors;
corrosion resistant materials - solid;
corrosion resistant materials - cladded;
flexible (metallic reinforced) plastic pipes;
fiberglass pipes;
coatings;
paintings;
cathodic protection;
heat treatments.

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
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OIL AND GAS GATHERING PLANTS

3.1

General
Gathering plant components operate in contact with non treated fluids, coming
directly from wellhead, showing large composition variability.
Options with carbon or low alloy steels, for pipelines and equipment, require a
corrosion allowance. In the present specification the minimum value is
indicated; however in every situation corrosion allowance shall withstand the
predicted corrosion rate and the design life.
When applicable, stainless steels or nickel alloys options are preferable when a
high reliability is required, such as in submarine applications or in plants
located in high risk areas.
For pipelines (oil and multiphase flowlines, gas flowlines) stainless steels or
nickel alloys can be applied as either solid or cladded pipes.
In offshore gathering systems, flexible pipes made of plastic reinforced material
can be used depending on installing aspects and on fluid corrosivity.
For fluids containing sand, corrosion-erosion has to be verified in accordance
with API RP14E standard.

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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3.2

Oil and multiphase flowline

3.2.1

I.L.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S

The recommended material is carbon and low alloy steel (seamless pipes
according to API 5L).
In presence of prevalent water wetting conditions, 1 mm corrosion allowance
can be designed. No corrosion prevention method is required in absence of
aggressive species other than CO 2 and H2S, such as oxygen and elemental
sulphur; otherwise specific corrosion control methods shall be applied.
In presence of H 2S traces (pH 2S < 0.0035 bar = 0.00035 MPa), SSC resistant
materials are recommended.

3.2.2

I.L.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2

The materials to be used are:
carbon and low alloy steel (seamless pipes according to API 5L);
austeno-ferritic 22% Cr stainless steel (seamless pipes according to API
5LC, LC65-2205 grade).

3.2.2.1

Carbon and low alloy steel

When CO 2 corrosion rate is lower than 0.1 mm/y, a minimum corrosion
allowance of 1 mm shall be foreseen, and however shall be in accordance with
the projected corrosion rate and to the design life.
For CO2 corrosion rate between 0.1 and 0.5 mm/y, the design shall include
access fittings for continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors in the flowline at
the wellhead area. Inhibitor type and injection rate shall be based on the
monitoring data, with attention to eventual inhibitor injection in well. A
minimum corrosion allowance of 2 mm is required.
When the estimated corrosion rate is above 0.5 mm/y a minimum corrosion
allowance of 2 mm and the continuous injection of corrosion inhibitor are
required.

3.2.2.2

Stainless steels
The use of austenitic-ferritic stainless steel, 22% Cr type, has to be considered
when the expected corrosion rate is above 1 mm/y and CO 2 partial pressure,
pCO2 , is above 5 bar (0.5 MPa).

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June 1995
Sheet 21

3.2.3

I.L.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S

SSC resistant carbon and low alloy steels are requested (seamless pipes
according to API 5L).
A minimum corrosion allowance of 1 mm is required.
For H2S partial pressures above 0.1 bar (0.01 MPa), the design shall include
access fittings for continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors in the flowline at
the wellhead area. The use of a corrosion inhibitor and the injection rate shall
be based on the monitoring data, with attention to eventual inhibitor injection in
well.
HIC resistant steels is recommended. For H 2S partial pressures above 0.1 bar
(0.01 MPa) HIC resistant materials are always required.
Heat treatment (stress relieving) of circumferential welding after construction is
required.
While carbon or low alloy steels are the recommended materials in I.L.S.
environments, the use of stainless steels can be considered in extreme cases,
when H2S content is very high (H 2S molar fraction above 1%).

3.2.4

I.L.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

The materials to be used are:
carbon or low alloy steel (seamless pipes in accordance with API 5L)
austeno-ferritic stainless steel (seamless pipes in accordance with API 5LC,
LC65-2205 and LC65-2506 Grades) or superduplex
nickel alloys (seamless pipes in accordance with API 5 LC, LC30-2242
Grade or equivalent).

3.2.4.1

Carbon and low alloy steels

SSC and HIC resistant steels are always required.
A minimum corrosion allowance of 2 mm is required.
For CO2 corrosion rates above 0.1 mm/y, the design shall include access fittings
for continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors in the flowline at the wellhead
area. The use of a corrosion inhibitor and the injection rate shall be related to
the monitoring data, with attention to eventual inhibitor injection in well.
When corrosion rate is above 0.5 mm/y, continuous injection of corrosion
inhibitors is always required.
Heat treatment (stress relieving) of circumferential welding after installation is
required.

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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3.2.4.2

Stainless steels and nickel alloys

The use of stainless steel has to be considered when CO 2 corrosion rate is above
1 mm/y and CO 2 partial pressure is above 5 bar (0.5 MPa).
The selection of stainless steel type is based primarily on H 2S partial pressure
and on temperature, beside of chloride ions concentration in water, according to
the Internal Normative document 02555.VAR.COR.PRG.
When pH 2S is above 1 bar (0.1 MPa), nickel alloys shall be used.

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 23

3.3

Gas flowline
The prevalent phase is the gas phase, with the presence of a water phase, due to
water condensation or dragged formation water. Condensates, glycol or
methanol (intentionally added to prevent hydrate formation) can be present.
In general, gas flowlines operate at temperatures below the dew point
temperature (gas lines upstream the dehydration column). The criteria indicated
in this paragraph can also be applied to wet gas lines in oil treatment plants.

3.3.1

I.G.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S

The recommended material is carbon or low alloy steel (seamless pipes
according to API 5L).
Requirements for oil flowlines (paragraph 3.2.1, I.L.N. environments) are
applicable.

3.3.2

I.G.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2

The materials to be used are:
carbon or low alloy steels (seamless pipes according to API 5L);
austenitic-ferritic 22% Cr stainless steels (seamless pipes according to API
5LC, LC65-2205 Grade).

3.3.2.1

Carbon and low alloy steels

When CO 2 corrosion rate is below 0,1 mm/y, a minimum corrosion allowance
of 1 mm is required, properly dimensioned according to projected corrosion
rate and design life.
For corrosion rates between 0.1 and 0.5 mm/y, the design shall include access
fittings for continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors in the flowline at the
wellhead area. The use of a corrosion inhibitor and the injection rate shall be
based on the monitoring data, taking into account the downhole inhibitor
injection, if any.
A minimum 2 mm corrosion allowance is required.
Continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors and a minimum corrosion
allowance of 2 mm are always required when corrosion rate is above 0.5 mm/y.
When glycol injection is performed at the wellhead, it can be used as a carrier
of corrosion inhibition.
The following values are assumed for the inhibitor efficiency, when not known
or not defined from the corrosion monitoring system:
90% if gas velocity < 10 m/s and T < 100C;
80% if gas velocity > 10 m/s and T < 100C.

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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For temperatures above 100C, inhibitor efficiency values guaranteed by the

suppliers have to be considered; in any case not higher than the above
mentioned values.
In areas with high turbulence, such as elbows, fitting, etc. the opportunity of
using stainless steel shall be considered case by case. In these situations, design
should specify the periodic thickness check (i.e. through ultrasounds).
In presence of H 2S traces (pH 2S < 0.0035 bar = 0.00035 MPa) the use of SSC
resistant steels is recommended.
3.3.2.2

Stainless steels
The use of austenitic-ferritic 22% Cr stainless steels has to be considered when
expected corrosion rate is above 1 mm/y and CO 2 partial pressure is above 5
bar (0.5 MPa).

3.3.3

I.G.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S

The recommended material is carbon or low alloy steel (seamless pipes
according to API 5L).
Requirements for oil flowlines (paragraph 3.2.3, I.L.S. environments) are
applicable.

3.3.4

I.G.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

The materials to be used are:
carbon or low alloy steels (seamless pipes according to API 5L);
austenitic-ferritic 22 or 25% Cr stainless steels (seamless pipes according to
API 5LC, LC65-2205 and LC65-2506 grade);
nickel alloys (seamless pipes according to API 5 LC, LC30-2242 grade or
equivalent).
Requirements for oil flowlines (paragraph 3.2.4, I.L.CS. environments) are
applicable.

3.4

Separated water flowline

This flowline transfers the separated water from the wellhead separator to the
oil treatment plant.
Material requirements are the same specified for water flowlines of treatment
plants (see chapter 4.8).

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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Sheet 25

3.5

Wellhead separators
Material requirements are the same specified for separators in oil and gas
treatment plants (see chapters 4.5 and 5.3), taking into account the actual
temperature and pressure conditions.

3.6

Glycol lines
These flowlines are intended as the possible glycol transferring line from the oil
treatment plant to wellhead separator, for glycol injection in gas flowline.
The recommended material is carbon or low alloy steel.
A minimum corrosion allowance of 1 mm is required.

3.7

Manifold
Requirements for oil flowlines (see chapter 3.2) are applicable.
Particular attention shall be paid to possible corrosion-erosion occurrence,
caused by local turbulence.
In case of aggressive fluids the design shall include methods for periodic
control by ultrasounds.
When injection of corrosion inhibitors in the flowline is carried out at the
wellhead, further injection access fittings upstream the manifold are
recommended. (see Internal Normative document 20197.VAR.COR.SDS.).

3.8

Bolts
Flange bolts do not operate in contact with production fluids and therefore the
requirements specified for pipelines and vessels are not applicable. This is
especially for I.L(G).N. and I.L(G).C. corrosivity classes.
However, in I.L.(G.)S. or I.L.(G.)CS. fluids, SSC corrosion resistance
requirements shall be extended to flange bolts; this is because of possible leaks
through the gasket, leading to temporarily sour conditions. For bolts in carbon
or low alloy steel, as specified in NACE Standard MR0175, nuts and bolts
Class I and II, with controlled hardness, not above 22 HRC, can be used; for
other materials, relevant requirements are specified in NACE MR0175
(hardness limits, heat treatments).

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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Sheet 26

OIL TREATMENT PLANTS

4.1

General
In oil treatment plants, separation and stabilization of the present phases are
carried out. Corrosivity conditions are generally better defined than in gathering
plants, especially in absence of the wellhead separator.
The most severe corrosion conditions are usually encountered in separators and
wet gas lines, from separators to the stabilizer.
Options with carbon or low alloy steels, for pipelines and equipment, require a
corrosion allowance. In the present specification the minimum value is
indicated; however in every situation corrosion allowance shall be in
accordance with the predicted corrosion rate and the design life.
The use of stainless steels or nickel alloys, when applicable, are preferred in
situations where high reliability is required, such as in offshore plants.
Moreover, safety requirements in treatment plants are generally more severe
than gathering plants.
For pipelines (oil and multiphase flowlines, gas flowlines) stainless steels or
nickel alloys can be applied as either solid or cladded pipes.
In offshore gathering systems, flexible pipes made of plastic reinforced material
can be used depending on installing aspects and on fluid corrosivity.
In pipes for all corrosivity classes, corrosion-erosion has to be verified in
accordance with API RP14E standard and for fluids containing sand abrasion
resistance has to be controlled.

4.2

Multiphase Lines from the manifold to separators

The same criteria are required as those ones prescribed for oil and multiphase
flowlines, in chapter 3.2.
When continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors is carried out at the wellhead,
further injection access fittings upstream the manifold (or in an equivalent
position) are recommended.

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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4.3

Heat exchanger
The following combinations of fluids are considered for tube heat exchangers,
for oil (thermovector) heating and cooling:
tube side:
- process oil
shell side: - process oil,
- steam (saturated or superheated),
- fresh water,
- sea water (or brines).
In the following paragraphs the materials selection criteria for pipes and shell
are specified on the base of the corrosivity of the oil phase and the cooling
fluid.

4.3.1

Material selection for pipes and tube sheets

The selection of tubes and tube sheet materials is based on corrosivity
characteristics of oil and thermovector fluid.
Recommended solutions of materials and pipes sheet are summarized in the
following table 4.1.
Table 4.1 - Recommended solutions for tube and tube sheet materials
according to thermovector fluid and oil corrosivity classes

Thermovector
fluid
(shell side)
stabilized oil

steam

fresh water

sea water

MATERIALS FOR TUBES AND TUBES SHEETS

CORROSIVITY CLASSES (TUBE SIDE FLUID)
I.L.N.
I.L.C.
I.L.S.
I.L.CS.
steel + c.a.
steel + c.a.
steel + c.a.
steel + c.a.
AISI 316
AISI 316
AISI 316
duplex 22 Cr duplex 22 Cr duplex(1)
nickel
alloys
steel + c.a.
steel + c.a.
steel + c.a.
steel + c.a.
AISI 316
AISI 316
AISI 316
duplex 22 Cr duplex 22 Cr duplex(1)
nickel
alloys
AISI 316
AISI 316
AISI 316
AISI 316
duplex 22 Cr duplex 22 Cr duplex(1)
nickel
alloys
nickel alloys nickel alloys nickel alloys nickel
titanium
titanium
titanium
alloys
titanium

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(1)

sc is corrosion allowance according to heat transfer requirements; a

minimum 1 mm value is usually adopted.
(2)

Types 22% Cr, 25% Cr 3 superduplex are applicable

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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4.3.2

Material selection for the shell

The selection of shield materials is based on cooling fluid characteristics.
The main recommended solutions are the following:
Process Oil

carbon or low alloy steel with at least 3 mm corrosion allowance

in particular cases, oil with a significant (>5%) water content and high
levels of CO 2 and H2S, the use of stainless steels, solid or cladded, can be
considered.
Steam

carbon or low alloy steel with a minimum 3 mm corrosion allowance.

Fresh Water

carbon or low alloy steel with a minimum 3 mm corrosion allowance

austenitic stainless steel (AISI 316) solid or cladded.

Seawater or brines

painted carbon or low alloy steel with a minimum 3 mm corrosion

allowance; cathodic protection system with sacrificial anodes can be
accepted;

austenitic or austenitic-ferritic stainless steel solid or cladded.

4.4

Air cooler
In air cooler process oil circulates inside the tubes and the cooling fluid is air.
The materials for tubes shall be chosen on the basis of the oil corrosivity,
according to the criteria seen in paragraph 4.2.1 for tubes sheet exchangers.
The material for pipes-external surfaces and cooling fins shall be resistant to the
atmosphere, especially during shutdown, when condensation is likely to occur.
Galvanized carbon steel and aluminium alloy fins can be used also in marine
environments, standing long shutdown.
The most economical solution (carbon steel-aluminium alloy fins) is
recommended only for continuous operations in low chloride containing
environments.
Galvanized steels are not recommended when H 2S in present.
The use of corrosion resistant materials is accepted without any restriction.

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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4.5

Separators (I, II, III phase)

The materials requirements, when not specified, refer to the shell.
Materials for internal components, such as divisors, bolts, etc. shall comply
with the shell material (same material or superior).
When the shell material is carbon steel, stainless steels can be used for internal
components, i.e. austenitic types (AISI 316), provided that oxygen is not
present (to minimize galvanic corrosion).

4.5.1

I.L.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S

The recommended material is carbon or low alloy steel.
A minimum corrosion allowance of 2 mm is required.

4.5.2

I.L.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2

The materials to be used are:
carbon or low alloy steel;
22% Cr austenitic-ferritic type stainless steel.

4.5.2.1

Carbon and low alloy steels

A minimum corrosion allowance of 3 mm is required.
When continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors in carried out at the wellhead
or at manifold, the use of carbon or low alloy steel is recommended; further
injection access fittings upstream the manifold (or in an equivalent position )
are recommended. The corrosion inhibitor shall be effective also in the gas
phase, to protect the top of the separators and the gaslines. The inhibitor dosage
shall be determined on the basis of the available monitoring data.
As an alternative to the use of corrosion inhibitors, or in combination with it, an
adequate internal coating can be adopted (see NACE RP0181). The coating
type shall be in accordance with the maximum operating temperature.
When the water cut is above 10%, a cathodic protection system with zinc (for
temperatures up to 50C) or aluminium anodes is recommended for the
protection of the bottom. Impressed current cathodic protection systems can be
used, provided the full compatibility with safety regulations.

4.5.2.2

Stainless Steels
The use of 22% Cr austenitic-ferritic stainless steel, solid or cladded, has to be
considered when the expected CO 2 corrosion rate is above 1 mm/y and CO 2
partial pressure, pCO 2 , is above 5 bar (0.5 MPa). Stainless steels are preferred

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08053.MAT.COR.PRG
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in offshore plants or in hazardous areas with risks for environment or

population.
4.5.3

I.L.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S

The recommended material is carbon or low alloy steel, SSC and HIC resistant.
A minimum corrosion allowance of 2 mm is required.
For H2S partial pressure above 0.1 bar (0.01 MPa), the design shall include
injection access fittings for corrosion inhibitors at the wellhead. Type of
inhibitor and relevant dosage will be based on the corrosion monitoring data.
Stress relieving heat treatment of circumferential welding is required.

4.5.4

I.L.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

The materials to be used are:
carbon or low alloy steels
austenitic-ferritic stainless steels
nickel alloys.

4.5.4.1

Carbon and low alloy steels

The recommended material is carbon or low alloy steel, SSC and HIC resistant.
A minimum corrosion allowance of 3 mm is required.
When continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors in carried out at the wellhead
or at manifold, the use of carbon or low alloy steel is recommended; further
injection access fittings upstream the manifold (or in an equivalent position )
are recommended. The corrosion inhibitor shall be effective also in the gas
phase, to protect the top of the separators and the gaslines. The inhibitor dosage
shall be determined on the basis of the available monitoring data.
Stress relieving heat treatment of circumferential welding is required.

4.5.4.2

Stainless steels and Ni base alloys

The use of solid or clad stainless steel and nickel alloys (such as Nickel-IronChromium-Molybdenum alloys such as Inconel 825) has to be considered when
the expected CO 2 corrosion rate is above 1 mm/y and CO 2 partial pressure,
pCO2, is above 5 bar (0.5 MPa).
The stainless steel type depends on H 2S partial pressure, temperature and
chlorides concentration in the water phase.

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4.6

Oil lines between separators

Materials and requirements for oil and multiphase flowlines (see chapter 3.2)
are applicable.

4.7

Gathering gas lines

They represent one of the most critical components of the plant. Water wetting
conditions (gas saturated with water) occur, without any filming protective
effect due to the oil phase; besides, condensed water phase is not buffered by
any chemical species, which are practically absent.
When foreseen, injection of corrosion inhibitors has to be carried out upstream
the separator (for instance, at the manifold), to protect the gas lines and the top
of the separator. Accordingly, the inhibitor shall have a volatile component,
active in the gas phase.
Requirements for gas flowlines (see chapter 3.3) are applicable.

4.8

Separated water lines

They are characterized by persistent water wetting conditions. Compared to the
gas lines from separators, the corrosivity conditions can be less severe if the
reservoir water contains buffering chemical species.
When foreseen, injection of corrosion inhibitors has to be carried out upstream
the separator (for instance, at the manifold), to protect also the bottom of the
separator. Accordingly, the inhibitor shall have an active component in the
water phase.

4.8.1

I.L.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S

The recommended material is carbon or low alloy steel. A minimum corrosion
allowance of 3 mm is recommended.

4.8.2

I.L.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2

The materials to be used are:
carbon or light-alloy steel (seamless pipes in accordance with API 5L)
austenitic-ferritic stainless steel (seamless pipes in accordance with API
5LC, LC65-2205 grades)

4.8.2.1

Carbon and low alloy steels

It is the recommended option.

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When CO 2 corrosion rate is below 0.2 mm/y, the only requirement is a

minimum corrosion allowance of 3 mm..
For higher CO 2 corrosion rates, inhibitor injection access fittings downstream
the separators (or in equivalent location) shall be foreseen. Inhibitor modalities
and dosage in addiction to the one injected upstream shall be evaluated on the
base of the monitoring data. However continuous injection is preferred.
4.8.2.2

Stainless steel
The use of stainless steel is limited to offshore plants.
The use of 22% Cr austenitic-ferritic stainless steel has to be considered when
CO2 corrosion rate is above 1 mm/y and CO 2 partial pressure, pCO 2, is above 5
bar (0.5 MPa).
When operating pressure in separated water lines is below 10 bar (1 MPa),
fiberglass pipes can be used.

4.8.3

I.L.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S

The recommended material is carbon or low alloy steel, with a minimum
corrosion allowance of 3 mm.
SSC and HIC resistant materials are mandatory.
When the H 2S content in the water phase is below 400 ppm, inhibitor injection
is required only if corrosion rate above 0.1 mm/y, obtained from monitoring.
The injection of inhibitors is required when the H 2S content in the water phase
is higher than 400 ppm.

4.8.4

I.L.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

The materials to be used are:
carbon or light-alloy steel is required (seamless pipes in accordance with
API 5L)
austenitic-ferritic stainless steel (seamless pipes in accordance with API
5LC, LC65-2205 grades)
austenitic stainless steel.

4.8.4.1

Carbon and low alloy steels

SSC and HIC resistant materials are always required.
When CO 2 corrosion rate is below 0.2 mm/y, the only requirement is a
minimum corrosion allowance of 3 mm.

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For higher CO 2 corrosion rates, inhibitor injection access fittings downstream

the separators (or in equivalent location) shall be foreseen. Inhibitor modalities
and dosage in addiction to the one injected upstream shall be evaluated on the
base of the monitoring data. Continuous injection is preferred.
The injection of inhibitors is required when the H 2S content in the water phase
is higher than 400 ppm or H 2S partial pressure is above 0.1 bar (0.01 MPa).
4.8.4.2

Stainless steels
The use of stainless steel is limited to offshore plants.
The use of austenitic stainless steels (AISI 316 when applicable or higher
grades) or 22% Cr austenitic-ferritic stainless steel has to be considered when
CO2 corrosion rate is above 1 mm/y and CO 2 partial pressure, pCO 2, is above 5
bar (0.5 MPa).
When operating pressure in separated water lines is below 10 bar (1 MPa),
fiberglass pipes can be used.

4.9

Stabilizer
The criteria shown in chapter 4.5 are applicable.

4.10

Oil flowlines
The criteria shown in chapters 4.2 are applicable.

4.11

Oil line
The criteria shown in chapters 4.2 are applicable.

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GAS TREATMENT PLANTS

5.1

General
Gas treatment plants deals with water and condensates separation and gas
dehydration.
All lines and components upstream the dehydration unit are potentially
subjected to corrosion because gas is water saturated, hence condensation on
metallic surface can take place. On the contrary, downstream dehydration, gas
corrosivity is negligible.
Options with carbon or low alloy steels, for pipelines and equipment, require a
corrosion allowance. In the present specification the minimum value is
indicated; however in every situation corrosion allowance shall be in
accordance with the predicted corrosion rate and the design life.
When applicable, options with stainless steels or nickel alloys are favourable in
situations where a high reliability is required, such as in offshore plants.
Moreover, safety requirements in treatment plants are generally more severe
than gathering plants.

5.2

Water saturated gas lines

Corrosivity conditions shall be determined taking into account the local
temperature, pressure and gas composition. Moreover, the corrosivity can vary
depending on the absence or different content of condensates and glycol, that
exhibit a corrosion inhibition action.
Requirements for gas flowlines (see chapter 3.3) are applicable.

5.3

Separation plant
Separation plant includes equipment for water, gaslines and gas separation,
such as:
scrubbers;
separator;
degasator.
Materials, when non differently specified, are intended for the shell.
Materials for internal component, such as septa, bolts etc., shall comply with
the shell material.

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When the shell material is carbon steel, internal components material can be
stainless steels, for example austenitic type (AISI 316), provided that oxygen be
absent (not present).
5.3.1

I.G.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S

The recommended material is carbon or low alloy steel.
A minimum corrosion allowance of 2 mm is required.

5.3.2

I.G.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2

The materials to be used are:
carbon or low alloy steels;
22% Cr austenitic-ferritic stainless steels.

5.3.2.1

Carbon or low alloy steels

A minimum corrosion allowance of 3 mm is required.
When corrosion inhibitor is injected at the wellhead or at the manifold, the use
of carbon or low alloy steel is recommended. Additional inhibitor injection at
manifold can be necessary. The corrosion inhibitor shall be effective also in the
gas \phase, to protect the top of the vessels and the gaslines. The inhibitor
dosage shall be determined on the basis of the available monitoring data.
As an alternative to the use of corrosion inhibitor, or in combination with it,
adequate internal coatings are applicable (see NACE RP0181). The coating
type shall be in accordance with the maximum operating temperature.

5.3.2.2

Stainless steels
The use of 22% Cr austenitic-ferritic stainless steel, solid or cladded, has to be
evaluated when CO 2 estimated corrosion rate is above 1 mm/y and CO 2 , pCO2,
is above 5 bar (0.5 MPa).

5.3.3

I.G.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S

SSC and HIC resistant carbon and low alloy steels are required.
A minimum corrosion allowance of 2 mm is required.
For H2S partial pressure above 0.1 bar (0.01 MPa), at the wellhead injection
access fittings shall be foreseen for continuous corrosion inhibitors injection.
The need of inhibitor injection and the dosage shall be based on monitoring
data.
Stress relieving heat treatment of circumferential welding is required.

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of AGIP. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.

08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 37

5.3.4

I.G.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

The materials to be used are:
carbon or low alloy steels;
austenitic-ferritic stainless steels;
nickel alloys.

5.3.4.1

Carbon or low alloy steels

SSC and HIC resistant materials are always required.
A minimum corrosion allowance of 3 mm is required.
When continuous injection of corrosion inhibitors in carried out at the
wellhead, the use of carbon or low alloy steel is recommended; further injection
access fittings upstream the separator (or in an equivalent position) have to be
considered. The corrosion inhibitor shall be effective also in the gas phase, to
protect the top of the vessels and the gaslines. The inhibitor dosage shall be
determined on the basis of the available monitoring data.
Stress relieving heat treatment of circumferential welding is required.

5.3.4.2

Stainless steels and nickel alloys

The use of stainless steel or nickel alloys (for example Incoloy 825) has to be
considered when estimated CO 2 corrosion rate is above 1 mm/y and CO 2, pCO2,
is above 5 bar (0.5 MPa).
The selection of stainless steel type is based primarily on H 2S partial pressure
and on temperature, beside of chloride concentration in water.

5.4

Separated water lines

Aqueous phase is predominant, with different contents of glycol and
condensates. Water wetting conditions are always present.
Criteria defined in chapter 4.8 are applicable.

5.5

Condensates lines
The predominant phase consists of is liquid hydrocarbons, with different
contents of water and gas.
Criteria defined in chapter 4.6 are applicable.

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of AGIP. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.

08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 38

5.6

Wet gas preheaters

Pre-heaters usually consist of ovens, where the wet gas is at pipes side. Criteria
defined in chapter 4.3 are applicable.

5.7

Dehydration columns
Criteria for separators defined in chapter 5.3 are applicable.

5.8

Dry gas lines

Dry gas lines come from dehydration columns. Corrosion conditions are
characterized by water absence.
The recommended material is carbon steel, with a minimum corrosion
allowance of 3 mm, especially when the gas contains CO 2; in fact severe
corrosion conditions can temporarily take place, if anomalies in dehydration
system occur, causing low efficiency.
When gas phase contains H 2S (pH2S > 0.0035 bar = 0.00035 MPa), the use of
SSC resistant materials and stress relieving heat treatment of welding.

5.9

Depressurization lines and collectors

From fluid corrosivity standpoint, these lines are similar to wet gas lines, with
limited operating time; the corrosion prevention measures are of minor
importance.

5.9.1

I.G.N. Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S

Carbon or low alloy steel (seamless or welded pipes, according to API 5L)

5.9.2

I.G.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2

Carbon or low alloy steel (seamless or welded pipes, according to API 5L),
with an optional 1 mm corrosion allowance.

5.9.3

I.G.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S

Carbon or low alloy steel (seamless or welded pipes, according to API 5L) SSC
resistant, according to NACE MR0175.

5.9.4

I.G.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

Carbon or low alloy steel (seamless or welded pipes, according to API 5L),
SSC resistant, according to NACE MR0175, with 1 mm corrosion allowance.

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of AGIP. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.

08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 39

VALVES

6.1

Designations
All types of valves recommended for the plants considered in this specification
are described in the Internal Normative document 15801.PIP.MEC.STD.
Valve types:
gate
plug
ball
butterfly
disk, pin, angle
check
membrane
piston

6.2

(VS);
(VR);
(VB);
(VF);
(VD);
(VDR);
(VM);
(VP).

Valve components
Valve components in contact with fluids (or that may come into contact with
fluids) are:
valve body ( including flanged joints, bottom valve, cap and stem seat);
stem (and threaded seat);
gate (plug, ball);
seats;
seat gasket;
stem gasket;
springs.
Body materials are individuated according to the materials groups discussed in
the previous paragraph, while materials for single component are reported in
the Internal Normative document 15801.PIP.MEC.STD. standardization
document as a function of body materials.

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of AGIP. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.

08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 40

6.3

Recommended materials
The Internal Normative document 15801.PIP.MEC.STD. makes distinctions
between three corrosivity levels, based on the characteristics of the fluids:
standard
corresponding to corrosivity class I.L.N.
corrosive
corresponding to corrosivity class I.L.C.
NACE
corresponding to corrosivity class I.L.S.
Corrosivity class I.L.CS. is not covered, but it is specifically analyzed in this
document.

6.3.1

I.L.N. Fluid class - Fluid class - Non containing CO 2 and H2S

All the materials of the valve body and of the components are conform to
"Standard" class of the Internal Normative document 15801.PIP.MEC.STD.

6.3.2

I.L.C. Fluid class - Containing CO 2

The materials to be used are:
carbon or low alloy steel;
austeno-ferritic stainless steel;
austenitic stainless steel.
Although the material of main plant components (for example lines, separators)
is carbon or low alloy steel with corrosion allowance in combination with
corrosion inhibitors, for the selection of valve material it is recommended not to
follow the same philosophy. In fact, it has to be considered that within the valve
body higher turbulence conditions are established, leading to more severe
corrosion conditions and reduced corrosion inhibitor efficiency.
When estimated CO 2 corrosion rate is below 0.2 mm/y, carbon or low alloy
steel body is required.
For CO2 corrosion rate above 0.2 mm/y, the material of all parts of the valve
shall be corrosion resistant material. The other components of the valve shall
comply the Corrosive category indicated in the Internal Normative document
15801.PIP.MEC.STD.

6.3.3

I.L.S. Fluid class - Containing H 2S

The material recommended is carbon or low alloy steel.
A minimum corrosion allowance of 6 mm is required.
SSC and HIC resistant materials are always required. Stress relieving heat
treatment of welding is also required.

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of AGIP. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.

08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 41

6.3.4

I.L.CS. Fluid class - Containing CO 2 and H2S

This environment is not mentioned in the Internal Normative document
15801.PIP.MEC.STD.
The materials to be used are:
carbon or low alloy steel
austenitic-ferritic stainless steel
austenitic stainless steel
nickel alloys.
SSC and HIC resistant materials are always recommended.
A minimum corrosion allowance of 6 mm is required, for carbon and low alloy
steels.
When estimated CO 2 corrosion rate is below 0.2 mm/y, carbon or low alloy
steel body. The use of corrosion inhibitor should depend on corrosion
monitoring data.
For CO2 corrosion rate above 0.2 mm/y, the material of all parts of the valve
shall be corrosion resistant material (CRA).
Austenitic stainless steels, austenitic-ferritic stainless steels or nickel alloys are
suitable depending on CO 2 and H2S content.

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of AGIP. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.

08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 42

PUMPS

7.1

Designations
The considered types of pumps are described in the following Internal
Normative documents:
01205.MAC.MEC.SPC.
01581.MAC.MEC.SPC.
01582.MAC.MEC.SPC.
03590.MAC.MEC.SPC.
03690.MAC.MEC.SPC.
The following types of pumps are considered:

7.2

horizontal centrifugal:
vertical centrifugal:
submersible vertical centrifugal:
rotary:
alternative:

(PCO)
(PCV)
(PCV-S)
(PR)
(PA)

Pump components
The pump components in contact with the fluids (or that may come into contact
with the fluids) are reported in tables 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, where the
recommended material options are also indicated.
Although the material of main plant components (for example lines, separators)
is carbon or low alloy steel with corrosion allowance in combination with
corrosion inhibitors, for the selection of pump material it is recommended not
to follow the same philosophy. In fact, it has to be considered that within the
pump body higher turbulence conditions are established, leading to more severe
corrosion conditions and reduced corrosion inhibitor efficiency.

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of AGIP. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.

08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 43

Table. 7.1 - Materials recommended for horizontal centrifugal pumps.

COMPONENTS

wear rings

I.L.N.
cast iron
c-steel
cast iron
ss 316L
ss 316

shaft

c-steel
(4140)

internal parts

c-steel

base

cast iron

case /barrel
impellers

(1)

CLASSES OF CORROSIVITY
I.L.C.
I.L.S. (1)
I.L.CS. (1)
ss 316
c-steel
c-steel
ss duplex
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss duplex
c-steel
ss 316
c-steel
Ni base
ss duplex
Ni base
alloy 718
alloy 718
ss 316
c-steel
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
cast iron
cast iron
cast iron

All materials for corrosivity classes I.L.S. and I.L.CS. shall be SSC resistant.

Table 7.2 - Materials recommended for the vertical centrifugal pumps.

COMPONENTS
delivery nozzle
column
body
impellers

I.L.N.
c-steel

wear rings

liner shaft
cone conveyor
pump shaft
intermediate shaft

bolt case

cast iron
ss 316L
ss 316
bronze
c-steel

CLASSES OF CORROSIVITY
I.L.C.
I.L.S. (1)
I.L.CS. (1)
ss 316
ss 316
c-steel
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss 316

c-steel
(4140)

c-steel

filter

c-steel

flange

c-steel

(1)

ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex

ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
c-steel

ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
c-steel
Ni base
alloy 718
ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
c-steel

ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
c-steel
Ni base
alloy 718
ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
c-steel

All materials for corrosivity classes I.L.S. and I.L.CS. shall be SSC resistant.

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of AGIP. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.

08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 44

Table 7.3 - Materials recommended for the vertical submersible centrifugal

pumps.

COMPONENTS
discharge curve
riser, body
impellers

I.L.N.
c-steel

wear rings

cast iron
ss 316L
ss 316
bronze
c-steel

linear shaft

pump shaft

c-steel
(4140)

bolt case

c-steel

filter

c-steel

joint
non valve

see shaft
c-steel

bearing plate

cast iron

(1)

CLASSES OF CORROSIVITY
I.L.C.
I.L.S. (1)
I.L.CS. (1)
ss 316
ss 316
c-steel
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss 316
c-steel
c-steel
ss duplex
Ni base
Ni base
alloy 718
alloy 718
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss duplex
see shaft
see shaft
see shaft
ss 316
c-steel
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
cast iron
cast iron
cast iron

All materials for corrosivity classes I.L.S. and I.L.CS. shall be SSC resistant

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of AGIP. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.

08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 45

Table 7.4 - Materials recommended for the rotary pumps.

COMPONENTS

CLASSES OF CORROSIVITY
I.L.C.
I.L.S. (1)
I.L.CS. (1)
ss 316
ss 316
c-steel
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss 316
cast iron
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316L
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
bronze
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss duplex
c-steel
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss duplex
c-steel
ss 316
c-steel
c-steel
(4140)
ss duplex
Ni base
Ni base
alloy 718
alloy 718
c-steel
ss 316
ss 316
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss duplex
c-steel
ss 316
c-steel
ss 316
ss duplex
ss duplex
cast iron
cast iron
cast iron
cast iron

body liner

I.L.N.
c-steel

rotors

ring lantern

packing

pump shaft

safety valve

recycle valve
(safety valve)
base

(1)

All materials for corrosivity classes I.L.S. and I.L.CS. shall be SSC resistant

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of AGIP. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.

08053.MAT.COR.PRG
Rev.2
June 1995
Sheet 46

Table 7.5 - Materials recommended for the alternative pumps.

COMPONENTS
body
piston rods
cylinders
shutters

I.L.N.
c-steel

rings

seats

valve springs

CLASSES OF CORROSIVITY
I.L.C.
I.L.S.(1)
I.L.CS. (1)
ss 316
ss 316
c-steel
ss duplex
ss duplex
ss 316

cast iron
ss 316L
ss 316
bronze
c-steel

guide

c-steel
(4140)

c-steel

crank
connection rod
shaft
bolt case

see piston
rods

c-steel

base

cast iron

(1)

ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex

ss 316
ss duplex
see piston
rods

ss 316
ss duplex
cast iron

ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
c-steel
Ni base
alloy 718
ss 316
ss duplex
see piston
rods

ss 316
ss duplex
cast iron

ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
ss 316
ss duplex
c-steel
Ni-base
alloy 718
ss 316
ss duplex
see piston
rods
ss 316
ss duplex
cast iron

All materials for corrosivity classes I.L.S. and I.L.CS. shall be SSC resistant

Il presente documento RISERVATO ed di propriet dell'AGIP. Esso non sar mostrato a Terzi n sar utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of AGIP. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.