Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Journal of Chemical Health and Safety

Manuscript Draft
Manuscript Number: JCHAS-D-15-00017
Title: Development and Implementation of Globally Harmonized System (GHS) on Center for Chemical
and Packaging, Indonesia
Article Type: Feature article
Keywords: Globally Harmonized System; Center for Chemical and Packaging; pictogram hazards
Corresponding Author: Ms. Eva Oktarina,
Corresponding Author's Institution:
First Author: Eva Oktarina
Order of Authors: Eva Oktarina; Fatma Lestari, Prof; Irma R Lamria, M.Si; Devie F Octaviani, M.Si
Abstract: Implementation of GHS as chemical hazards regulation on chemical industry in Indonesia
were started to apply since April 12th, 2013 based on No.23/M-IND/PER/4/2013. Center for Chemical
and Packaging (CCP) as one of research center under Ministry of Industry Indonesia conduct GHS as
hazards communications beneficial on risk judgment for users and environment, help on storage and
handling, and facilitate on transportation. Implementation GHS on CCP were pictogram hazards on
laboratories and storage chemicals, alert hazard on chemicals management application, and standard
operational procedure that obligate safety data sheet from distributor to user.

Cover Letter

Journal of Chemical Health & Safety Editor

My name is Eva Oktarina, a researcher from Center for Chemical and Packaging (CCP),
Ministry of Industry, Indonesia. I represent Mrs. Irma R. Lamria, M.Si (CCP, Ministry of Industry),
Prof. Fatma Lestari, PhD (Occupational Health & Safety Department, University of Indonesia),
and Mrs. Devie F. Octaviani.
Center for Chemical and Packaging (CCP) as one of research center under Ministry Of
Indonesia (MOI) that have task force and function as center for chemical cooperate with CRDF
(Civilian Research and Development Foundation). CRDF has Chemical Security Engagement
Programs (CSP), that giving Chemical Security Improvement Grants (CSIG) to CCP in
December 2013 with MoU number CSP-8649-13.
CCP also cooperate with OHS University of Indonesia, that represent by Prof. Fatma Lestari,
PhD and Devie F. Octaviani, M.Si in supervising the safety and security at the CCP's laboratory.
This feature article describe case studies of development and implementation of GHS on CCP,
as the result of CSIG.

Contac authors for this article:

Eva Oktarina
Staff of Chemical Research Facility
Center of Chemical and Packaging
Jl. Balai Kimia No.1 Pekayon Pasar Rebo, Jakarta 13069
PO BOX 6916 JATPK
Telp : +62218717438
Fax : +62218714928
Ministry of Indonesia
evaoktarina@gmail.com
+6285280666238

Abstract

Abstract

Implementation of GHS as chemical hazards regulation on chemical industry in Indonesia were

started to apply since April 12th, 2013 based on No.23/M-IND/PER/4/2013. Center for Chemical
and Packaging as one of research center under Ministry of Industry Indonesia conduct GHS as
hazards communications beneficial on risk judgment for users and environment, help on storage
and handling, and facilitate on transportation. Implementation GHS on CCP were pictogram
hazards on laboratories and storage chemicals, alert hazard on chemicals management
application, and standard operational procedure that obligate safety data sheet from distributor
to user.
Key words: Globally Harmonized System; Center for Chemical and Packaging; pictogram
hazards

*Manuscript
Click here to view linked References

Introduction

The United Nations Institute for training and Research (UNITAR) deliver innovative
training and conducts research across multiple thematic areas including multilateralism,
economic development and social inclusion, environmental sustainability and green
development, sustainable peace, resilience and humanitarian assistance. UNITAR programs are
including: 1) Chemicals and Waste Management Programme (CWM), 2) Climate Change
Programme, 3) Decentralized Cooperation Programme, 3) Decentralized Cooperation
Programme, 4) Environmental governance Programme, 5) Knowledge Systems innovation, 6)
Multilateral Diplomacy Programme, 7) Peacekeeping Training Programme, 8) Peacemaking and
Conflict Prevention Programme, 9) Public Finance and Trade Programme, and 10)
UNOSAT-UNITAR Operational Satellite Applications Programme1).
UNITAR's Chemicals and Waste Management Programme (CMW) provides support to
governments and stakeholders to strengthen their institutional, technical and legal infrastructure
and capacities for sound chemicals management. To support the implementation of those
programme activities, UNITAR build internationals agreement such as Strategic Approach to
International Chemicals Management (SAICM), the Stockholm-Rotterdam Conventions, and the
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Those
agreements are aimed at protecting human health and the environment while ensuring
sustainable industrial development.
SAICM is a policy framework to promote chemical safety around the world. SAICM has
as its overall objective the achievement of the sound management of chemicals throughout their
life cycle so that, by 2020, chemicals are produced and used in ways that minimize significant
adverse impacts on human health and the environment 2). SAICM has inter alia with GHS, to
support its aim, implementation of internationally agreed system for classification and
communication of hazards posed by chemicals must be conducted.

Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals

There are various chemical hazards regulations in this world regards on the country
which has regulatory section to overcome with it. United States reclaim Occupational Safety and
Health Administration that released by Hazard Communication Standards, and Environmental
Protecting Agency that released by Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA),
and etc. Each chemical regulation has its own system, with classification criteria, the use of
symbol, signal words and hazards statement like listed on Table 1. The differences often in the
range for specific classification, like variety of definitions of flammability and acute toxicity. Those
differences can be a potential miscommunication, when a chemical is classified as flammable or
toxic in one country but not by another 3). It can be obstacle in chemical industry, chemicals trade,
and can make accident in workplace. Until in 1992, UNCED (United Nations Economics
Commission for Europe) stipulate GHS as Globally Harmonized System for chemical
classifications and communications

4,5)

. GHS was build to protect human health and the

environment by establishing a single global system to classify chemical hazards, to provide

standard hazard labeling, and to provide uniform Safety Data Sheets. Harmonization would
improve the information base on chemicals and minimize country efforts to maintain an
infrastructure that would manage a national system. The GHS tracks includes hazard
classification criteria for health, environmental and physical hazards 6); classification criteria for
mixtures; and requirements for hazard information and protective measures on labels for
containers of hazardous chemicals, and on substance data sheets for such chemicals,
particularly in the workplace sector. The potential benefits of GHS as a system were appealing to
many countries, as well to stakeholders: 1) Enhance protection of humans and the environment;
2) facilitate international trade in chemicals; 3) reduce need for animal testing and evaluation;
and 4) assist countries and international organizations to ensure the sound management of
chemicals 7).

Table 1. The differences of acute oral toxicity LD50 (mg/kg) between various regulation on some countries
Acute oral toxicity LD50 (mg/kg)
High

Organization/Country/
Regulation or Standard

Hazard

0 ............

< 50 ............

ANSI/US/A 129.1

< 50
Highly Toxic

> 50 < 500

Toxic

OSHA/US/HCS

< 50
Highly Toxic

> 50 < 500

Toxic

EPA/US/FIFRA

0 50
Toxicity Category I

> 50 500
Toxicity Category II

CPSC/US/FHSA

< 50
Highly Toxic

> 50 500
Toxic

GHS

> 5 50

> 50 300

DOT/US

<5
Packing Group I

> 5 < 50
Packing Group II

> 50 < 200 (solid)

> 50 > 500 (liquid)
Packing Group III

NFPA/US

5
> 5 50
Hazard Category 4 Hazard Category 3

NPCA/US/HMIS

1
Toxicity Rating 4

EU

< 25
Very Toxic

WHMIS/Canada

Australia/NOHSC

< 25
Very Toxic

Mexico

<1
Extremely Toxic

Japan

< 30
Poisonous

Korea

< 25
Very Toxic

> 5000
Toxicity Category IV

> 300 2000

> 2000 5000

> 500 2000

Hazard Category 1

> 2000
Hazard Category 0

> 500 5000

Toxicity Rating 1

> 50 500
Toxic
WHMIS Class D, Division 1,
Subdivision B

>20 < 50
Highly Toxic

< 25
Very Toxic

> 500 < 5000

Toxic Category III

> 200 < 2000

Harmful

> 25 < 200

Toxic

Malaysia

< 5000 ............

> 500 < 2000

Harmful

> 50 500
Toxicity Rating 2

> 25 > 200

Toxic

50
Very Toxic
WHMIS Class D, Division 1,
Subdivision A

< 500 ............

> 50 500
Hazard Category 2

> 1 50
Toxicity Rating 3

Low

> 200 < 2000

Harmful
> 50 < 500
Moderately Toxic

> 500 < 5000

Mildly Toxic

200 to 500
Harmful
300 to 3000
Powerful
> 50 < 200
Toxic

Source : A Guide to The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)

> 200 < 2000

Harmful
8)

> 5000
Toxicity Rating 0

Development of GHS in Indonesia

To implemented GHS worldwide, The United Nations Institute for Training and Research
(UNITAR) and the ILO have embarked on a pilot project to assist countries to adopt the GHS.
Indonesia has been cooperating with UNITAR (United Nations for Training and Research) to run
project phase I (2005-2007) granted to The National Agency of drug and Food Control, on
training and capacity building for the implementation of the Globally Harmonized System of
classification and Labeling of chemicals. GHS project phase II (2010-2013) granted to Ministry of
Industry (MOI) with scope project training and capacity building for the implementation GHS of
classification and labeling of chemicals. The GHS project consists updating the National GHS
strategy, which are completion and entry into force GHS implementing legislation. As the results
of project, Ministry of Indonesia covered regulation policy for classification and communication of
Chemicals subsists on Ministry of Indonesia No. 87/M-IND/PER/9/2009 that were published on
September 24, 2009 and effective on March 24, 2010. Ministry of Trade covered regulatory on
Ministry of Trade No. 44/M-DAG/PER/9/2009 that was published on 2009.
Directorate General of Agro and Chemical Industry as one of subordinate Ministry Of
Indonesia that errand on policy drafting, policy implementer, provision of technical assistance,
and administrative implementer in the Agro and Chemical Industry also conceived regulations.
Directorate General of Agro and Chemical Industry published Decree No. 21/IAK/PER/4/2010
concerning "GHS Implementation for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals".
In 2013, regulation No. 87/M-IND/PER/9/2009 changed by No.23/M-IND/PER/4/2013
based on fifth revision of GHS purple book on April 12th, 2013. Regarding to Minister Industry
regulation No. 23/M-IND/PER/4/2013 the chemicals that must obtain GHS were single chemical
from domestic or import production since April 12th 2013. The regulation will void for mix
chemical from domestic or import production on December 31th 2016. This regulation weren't
applicable for pharmaceutical, food additive, cosmetics and pesticide residue on food. All of this

regulations available on http://kemenperin.go.id/ghs 9).

Ministry of Industry has reported GHS Implementation in Indonesia on Regional GHS
Review Conference for South East Asia Countries on May 22, 2013 in Malaysia. GHS Journey in
Indonesia was describing on the Table 2. below:

Table 2. GHS Implementation in Indonesia

Source : Ministry of Industry of Republic of Indonesia 10)

In 2014, Director General on Manufacture Industry Base as one of subordinate Ministry
Of Indonesia that regulate manufacture released Regulatory by Director General on Manufacture
Industry Base No. 04/BIM/PER/1/2014 explained Technical Guidelines and Supervisions
Implementation of Globally Harmonized System Classification and Labeling on Chemical.
Explained in clausal 1 that GHS system is global system from United Nations for criteria
standardizations and harmonized chemical hazards classification system and also communicate
that information on label and Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Indonesia absorb 100% GHS building
block on fifth edition GHS purple books (Table 3), thus resemble on Director General on

Manufacture Industry Base Regulatory No. 04/BIM/PER/1/2014 enclosure 2. The hazards class
is explained on Table 4.

Table 3. Physical, health, and environment hazards stated on Regulatory by Director General on
Manufacture Industry Base No. 04/BIM/PER/1/2014 enclosure 2.
Physical hazards
Hazard Class
a. Explosive
b. Explosive gas (unstable chemical gas)
c. Aerosol

d. Gas oxidant

Categori/Division/Type
Unstable
Div 1.1
Cat. 1
Cat. 1
(Ignitable
Aerosol)
Cat. 1

Div 1.2

Div 1.4

Div 1.5

Div 1.6

Cat. 2
(Ignitable Aerosol)

e. Gas under pressure

- Pressure gas
- liquefied gas
- Frozen liquid gas on low temperature
- diluted gas
f. Ignitable liquid

Cat. 1

Cat. 1

Cat. 2

g. Ignitable solid

Cat. 1

Cat. 2

h. Single and mix chemical that can react itself

i. Pyrophoric liquid

Type A
Cat. 1

Type B

j. Pyrophoric Solid

Cat. 1

k. Single and mix chemical that can ignite heat

Cat. 1

Cat. 2

l. Single and mix chemical if contact with water release

ignitable gas
m. Oxidant liquid

Cat. 1

Cat. 2

Cat. 3

Cat. 1

Cat. 2

Cat. 3

n. Oxidant solid

Cat. 1

Cat. 2

Cat. 3

o. Organic peroxidant
p. Corrosive on metal

Type A
Cat. 1

Type B

Health hazards
Hazard Class
a. Acute toxicity
- Acute toxicity : Oral
- Acute toxicity : Dermal
- Acute toxicity : Inhalation
b. Corrosive/dermal irritation
c. Eyes irritation/eyes damage
d. Sensitivity on inhalation system

Div 1.3
Cat. 2

Categori/Division/Type
Cat. 1
Cat. 2

Cat. 3
Type G

Type G

Cat. 3

Cat. 4

Cat. 1C
Cat. 2B

Cat. 2

Cat. 1A
Cat. 1
Cat. 1A

Cat. 1B
Cat. 2A
Cat. 1B

e. Sensitivity on dermal

Cat. 1A

Cat. 1B

f. Mutagenic on nutfah cell

Cat. 1A

Cat. 1B

g. Carcinogenicities

Cat. 1A

Cat. 1B

h. Toxic to reproduction

Cat. 1A

Cat. 1B

Cat. 2

i. Toxic to organ target after single exposure

Cat. 1

Cat. 2

Cat. 3

j. Toxic to organ target after repetitive exposure

Cat. 1

Cat. 2

k. Aspiration hazard

Cat. 1

Cat. 2
Cat. 2

Environment Hazard
Hazard Class
a. Aquatic hazard or short term

Category / Division / Type

Cat. 1

b. Aquatic chronic hazard or long term

c. Hazard for ozone layers

Cat. 1
Cat. 1

Cat. 2

Addition category
(effect on
lactation)

Cat. 3

Cat. 4

Table 4. Cut-off Value/Concentration Limit for Hazard class

Hazard class
Acute toxicity (Category 1-4)
Corrosive / dermal irritation

Cut-off Value/Concentration Limit

1.0%
1.0%

Serious eye damage / eyes irritation

1.0%

Aspiration or dermal sensitivity (Category 1A)

Aspiration or dermal sensitivity (Category 1B)

0.1% (Aspiration : Solid/gas/liquid & dermal)

1% (Aspiration : Solid/gas/liquid & dermal)
0.2% (Aspiration: Gas)
0.1%
1%
0.1%
1%
0.3%
3%
0.3%

Mutagenesis on nutfah cell (Category 1)

Mutagenesis on nutfah cell (Category 2)
Carcinogenic (Category 1)
Carcinogenic (Category 2)
Toxic to reproduction (Category 1)
Toxic to reproduction (Category 2)
Toxic to reproduction (additional category on
lactation)
Toxic on specific organ after single exposure
(Category 1 - 2)
Toxic on specific organ after single exposure
(Category 3)
Toxic on specific organ after repetitive exposure
(Category 1 - 2)
Aspiration hazard (Category 1)
Aquatic environment hazards

10%
10%
10%
10% from composition category 1 and kinetic viscosity
20.5 mm2/s on 40 C
10%

Center for Chemical and Packaging (CCP) as one of research center under Ministry Of
Indonesia (MOI) that have task force and function as center for chemical: intensively interact with
the chemical (chemical as reagent for testing lab, chemical as sample, and chemical for
conducting research), chemical distributor, chemical stakeholder and industry related to
chemical and packaging. For reducing the risk, minimizing miss conception, and assisting the
distribution of chemical, implementation GHS must be applied in CCP.
Implementation of GHS in CCP

Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP) teams in CCP (Center for Chemical and
Packaging) conduct the Security Hazard and Risk Mapping and associated training, including
GHS introduction, for all analyst, researcher, and regulating authorities. CSP is sponsored by the
U.S. Department of State. CSP works with government, academic, industry and law enforcement
entities in partner countries to: 1) Strengthen the ability to detect and prevent the intentional
misuse of chemical, 2) Promote chemical security culture among chemical scientists and

engineers, 3) Support the implementation of chemical management best practices and increase
physical security of chemicals of concern, and 4) Encourage adoption of, and compliance with,
chemical management standards 11).
CSP also accommodate CCP to build new chemical SOP. CCP conduct GHS
implementation through standard operational procedure (SOP), that valid for all CCP analyst,
researcher, and regulating authorities. The new safety and security chemical handling's SOP
are: Chemicals request SOP, Chemicals procurement SOP; and Chemical Reception and
Storage SOP. On the chemical request SOP, to promote chemical security and prevent the
intentional misuse, CCP made form for chemical request in which the applicants (analysts and
researcher) must fill the GHS labels column (toxic, flammable, corrosive, oxidant, explosive,
carcinogen, and/or skin irritation). So it's very important to all CCP analyst, researcher, and
regulating authorities for understanding GHS.

Standard operational procedure on CCP

Chemical request form with GHS
label from analyst/researcher
Validation from regulator
Procurement division contact the
distributor

Distributor sends the chemicals

include the SDS
Validation from regulator
The revenue division accept the
chemicals include SDS and hand
over it to storage division

Storage division hand over the

chemicals include SDS to
analysts/researcher

Storage division stored the

chemicals on chemicals storage,
classified and stored based on
pictogram hazard labels

CPP use chemical labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) as the two main tools of
chemical hazard communication regarding general regulations. The requirements for chemicals
labels are 1) product identifier; 2) hazards pictogram; 3) signal words; 4) hazards statement; 5)
precautionary statement; and 6) company identification. Regulatory of Ministry Industry No.
23/M-IND/PER/4/2013 state that labels must be a) easy to reads, b) easy to see, c) proportional
size alphabet and pictogram, d) not easily broken, e) not easily abrading, f) not easy faded by
heat, sun light, water, wind and another disturbance.
Chemical labels were used by CCP analysts on second container for standard dilution.
Analysts make standard dilution from master solution, they use secondary container to keep
standard dilution safe. The second container of standard dilution bottle must be labeling with
informative data, which are product identifier (name, date of making, and concentration), hazards
pictogram, signal words, and analyst identifier. So, other analysts can acknowledge the chemical
based on the chemical labels. The analysts can use and handle chemical (whether it's toxic,
carcinogenic, flammable, poison, or oxidizer), regarding to the labels on the secondary container.
SDS needed to explain for producer-distributor-and buyer (user, analysts and researcher)
concerning hazard information from the chemical product. The requirements for SDS in
Indonesia based on regulation No.23/M-IND/PER/4/2013 are: 1) properties of physical and
chemical, 2) hazards identification; 3) accidental release measure; 4) handling; 5) first-aid
handling; 6) emergency act; and 7) other information.
SDS completeness when distributor gave the chemicals is very important; those were
stated on chemicals SOP. SOP stated that, if in the laboratory the SDS weren't exist (from
previous purchasing or free download from producer website) so the distributor and producer
must complete the SDS.
On chemical warehouse of CCP, CCP team giving hazards pictogram on fume cabinets,
classified them based on pictogram hazards at chemicals label, keep sensitive chemicals on
chillers, using yellow cabinet for indicate flammable chemicals, and blue cabinet for indicate

corrosive chemicals. Classifying definitions of hazardous chemicals and putting them in hazard
classes can be really useful to the users. GHS establishes relative categories that can be a
valuable tool for making judgments about the chemicals classification storage group, the risk of
using a chemical in an operation and the prohibitory taken to annihilate chemicals.

Figure 1. Yellow cabinet for flammable chemicals

and blue cabinet for corrosive chemicals

GHS alert also implemented on chemical management for storage as Chemical Inventory
Management System (CIMS) application. The application made SDS base inventory in (C:)
system and "look up" those file name on excel sheet based on its CAS number. The application
translates SDS/CAS number into detectable hazard list for chemicals as hazards alerts on CIMS
column. The printed barcode, regenerate from UN number on SDS, were attached on chemicals
detected by scanner and read in CIMS list. If the chemicals were health hazards or physical
hazards then alerts column will show the hazards class was it on (1-4).
Hazards alerts on CIMS very useful to warn user for handling and storage the chemicals,
it prevents the misuse of chemicals and support the implementation of chemical management
best practices and increase physical security of chemicals of concern.

Figure 2. CIMS showed GHS as alerts for chemical hazards (copyright to Sandia National
Laboratory)

Comprehensions and implementation of GHS is important in order to improve safety in

using and handling of chemicals, it must be understood that each chemical has its own potential
hazards. Thus, every chemical must be labeled based on its hazardous properties, and this
hazard information must be adequately communicated to various target such as chemical
transporters, store keepers, distributors, regulating authorities, users (analyst, researcher,
storage officers, cleaning services) and person that come in contact with chemicals12).
Conclusion

The GHS communicate the hazard of chemicals so it's enhancing the protection of human health
and the environment, reducing the risk, clarifying the complexities in chemical classification.
Adoption GHS in Ministry of Industry were stated in regulation No.23/M-IND/PER/4/2013.
Implementation GHS on CCP were include the build of chemical SOP, that obligate safety data
sheet from distributor to users and obligate the applicant (analysts and researcher) to fill the
column hazards on chemical request form; pictogram hazards on laboratories and storage
chemicals; alert hazard on chemicals management application, and alert hazards on chemicals
label.

Acknowledgment
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from Chemical Security
Engagement Programs (CSP) with MoU number CSP-8649-13. The authors would like to

express their appreciation to Ministry of Industry Indonesia and Occupational Health & Safety
Department, University of Indonesia for the cooperation in this study.
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