. Loading for buildings imposed loads BRITISH STANDARD Part 1. Code of practice for dead and ut NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW eS LAW, BS 6399 : Part 1:-1996ee ee ee ee eee eee eee eee we 4 1 BS 6899: Part 1: 1996 Committees responsible for this British Standard ‘The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee Building and civil enginoering struchurés, to Subcommittee ‘ats Gesdag tdba fda pon whch ie elowing boi Fe following BSI relate tthe work on this reference BOD] Draft for comment 95/100585 DC TSBN 0580 262901Contents 1 Minimum imposed floor loads 2 Reduction in total distributed imposed oor loads with number of storeys 3 Reduction in total distributed imposed floor loads on a supporting beam. oo girder with floor area 4 Minimam horizontal imposed loads for parapets, barriers and balustrades, etc. ’ 5 _ ‘Typical values of contact ratio for various activities © St 1996Foreword This Part of BS 6300 has been prepared by Subcommittee B/525/1, Actions (loadings) ‘and basis of design. It supersedes BS 6909 : Part 1: 1964, which is withdrawn, ‘This edition of BS 6909: Part , introduces technical changes, but It does not reflec a fall revision ofthe standard which will be undertaken in due course. ‘The principle change in this edition fs the presentation of the imposed floor loads according to the type of activity/occupancy, rather than occupancy class as introduced Jn the 1964 edition. The weights of movable partitions which were redefined as imposed Joads in the 1984 edition, retain their classification. The reductions in floor Joad with number of storeys and witharea have also been clarified. “The clause on dynamic loading has been expanded to give guidance on dynamic loads ‘due to crowds and a clause of accidental load on key or protected elements has been ‘The basis of the loadings is historical and they agree, subject to comparatively minor ‘variations, with international consensus of opinion. ‘The data on wind loads are given in BS 6399 : Part 2 and data on imposed roof loads are given in BS 6309: Part 8. Tn this edition of BS 6999 : Part 1, numerical values have been given in terms of ‘ST units, details of which are to be found in BS 5855. Those concemed with the conversion and renovation of older buildings designed in terms of imperial units may find ft useful to note that 1 N= 0225 Ibf and 1 kN? = 209 Tog? ‘Complinneé with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. oy oe © BSI 1695a ee eee 7 @ Code of practice 1 Scope 1.1 This Part of BS 6399 gives dead and minimam recommenced imposed loads for use in designing a) new buildings and new structures; ») alterations and additions to existing buildings and existing structures, ©) existing construction on change of use. At does not apply to the maintenance of, or the replacement of parts of, existing buildings and ‘structures where there is no change of use. 1.2 This cade of practice does not cover: + 8) Joads on road and rail bridges, as these are ha wd other Bd Seen oe Seon 'b) wind loads (see BS 6399 : Part 2); ©) imposed roof loads (see BS 6909 : Part 3); @) snow loads (see BS 6999 : Part ©) loads on structures subject to internal pressures from their contents (e.g. bunkers, silos and water tanks), which have to be calculated individually; f) loads due to ‘vibration and dynamic Yoads other than due to crowds; @) loads due to lifts (see BS 2655), 1h) loads incidental to construction; 1D test loads; D loads for crane gantry girders (see BS 2578). 2 References 2.4 Normative references ‘This Part of BS 6399 incorporates, by dated or undafed reference, provisions fro sth publications These normative references are made at the appropriate places in the text and the cited ublatins are sted on the Inside back cover. For dated references, ‘edition elted applies; any ‘subsequent amendments to or revisions of the cited publication apply to this Part of BS 6300 only when incorporated in the reference by amendment or revision, For undated references, the latest edition of the cited publication applies, together with any amendments, 2.2'Informative references a ‘This Part of BS 6399 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these Publications current at the time of issue of this ‘standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions, * 8 Definitions For the purposes of this cotle of practice the following definitions apply. 3.1 dead load ‘The load due to the weight of all walls, permanent Partitions, floors, roofs, finishes and all other permanent construction including services of a permanent nature. © Bst 1006 8.2 imposed load ‘The load assumed to be produced by the intended occupancy or use, including the weight of movable ‘The height of the space between a flooranda —* physical constraint to the height of storage formed by a celling, soffit of 2 floor, roof or other obstruction. 34 wind load ‘The load due to the effect of wind pressure or suction. 8.5 accidental load on key or protected element, : ‘The ultimate load assumed, during a single accidental loading event to apply to stractural elements essential to the residual stability of the 4 Dead loads Dead loads are calculated from the unit weights given in BS 648 or from the actual known weights of dhe mutes we. Where here sda as the pemanency of dead lors, eich load choad ‘Where permanent partitions are indicated, their actual weights are included in the dead load, ‘The weights of tanks and other receptacles, and of thelr contents, are considered as dead loads. These Toads should be calculated for the cases when a tank or receptacle is fall and when it is empty. 5 Imposed floor and ceiling loads 5.1 Floors 5.1.1 General at ‘The loads appropriate to the of for which te floor area will be ‘used in service are given in table 1. The loads in table 1 should be treated as the unfactored or characteristic loads for design purposes. ‘They should be considered as the minimum values to ‘be adopted. here hig vans ar coaiered more appropriate, based on a Inowledge of the propased Ue ofthe truce or propased Inala ot equipment, machinery, stacking systems, etc., they should be used instead, | | | | |BS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 pect eh (Table J, Minimum imposed floor loads 1 Examples of epecitie we Thitoraiiy ‘Consentrted toad u : lsuated oad | : iain et nage is eam eaag ws 7 - | Conmena areas (acting ices a ans of . fas with ted se (Senet) Gor eal rea in ler Blok ot ay so Oh snd low) | ern and omar cep ese eal ie end meas i Bedrooms idl rd te 2, is ‘Tole areas TBiliard rooms ‘Communal hens except in ats covered by note asst a Soap es Beleonioe Sage dwaling., Guest houses, "| Same as rooms to whlch | Lf rum concentrated residental cubs | Dey give aocess bur | at the outer edge “Lie ram concentrated atthe outer edge [BOtices and work areas | Operating theatres, Xeay rooms, wilty ons ot covered elsewhere | Work rooms (ight industrial) without argo 1g . ‘Oices for general ure 2 Banking halls 21, ‘Hitchens, imndes, aborstores ‘Rooms with malnframe computers or Sadar Machinery hall, cucalation spaces therein 40 a5, ‘Projection rooms 50 "To be determined for specie wse ‘Facioties, workshops and sinilar buildings 5 45 {general indostial) "To be determined for + specie use! Catwaths = 10 ot im centres Balconies ‘Stone as rooms to wlich | 1.8m rm concentrated they give access but | st the outer edge with amine of 4. eae “€BiiVin ron Setebuted |— * niforniy over width Ladders, io 1.5 rung load © 51 1995 | WHE iil Z| elsieleye|s Ea é Ay eee ele is. co BGi rs BS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 i i |Table 1. Minimum imposed floor loads (continued) 2 conan ee —s | pact of the building or kim? i Ee ———— 7 Ls congregate fant snd lounges, cafes and restaurants (See note 2) ae eceeeeeenias | = l ‘Gassrooms 30 ar a ee H a ' eae : tr ee eS = = (Sea a spores [ee Sear Sy i Seat [Eee ; = flats not covered by note 1. (oot tame only) Soe, I ths creed by ote ee 7 Stats, landings Ge inal oter| fallwope Soe oea [See 1 oo ee a seo J; — I = a se ' See : =e a ji z Sea he Z a = z este) S ie i ‘Balconies (except as specified in A) ‘Same a roosts to which | 1m tun concentrated = Ba as can Belt sence I “uniformly over width Ot As with pose ‘Dance halls end studios, gymnasia; stages 50. 36. 7 —— ee : = | ‘C5 Areas susceptible to, | Assombly areas without fixed coating, cance’ [60 36 Sian ete aaa RS (See clause 9) ‘Stages fa public socembly areas 7 45 | I [D Shopping areas ‘Shop Doors for the sale and display of merchandise | 40. 3.6 ] i ae :BS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 ‘Table 1, Minimum imposed floor loads (continued) "Type of ‘Examples of specific use TGnitoraiey Goncentrated oad scuvityloceupancy for asbated iosd | - Dart of the building or save : Eeucenre 'B Warehousing nd storage | General areas for sta equpment not epected [20 1 reas Areas subject to | elcewhere (institutional end public buldngs) : 1 geoumuation of goods. Reading rooms with book stonge, eg Moraes [40 as equipment and ‘General storage other thn thooespeccd Bator cach mene of (10 ct _| serge helt Tile rooms fing and storage space (offices) [60 as ‘Siac room (00) Bair ech were in [20 Te ad 0mm each mere ot [00 F ape efx ing as ad ane ach: Dense mobile sacing (oaks) on mobile walle, | 48for each mee of | 720 Jn pubile and isctatonal bugs el bt Wh , Smut ‘Dense mobile daching (oda) on rable Bada, n| 48 for cach mee of [20 vwarehonses 7 Siorage help at with ninteurn of 150 ‘ald tarage EO for cach mete of | BO storage hel ut wth . ‘ restau of 50 i Plan rooms, bolt rooms fan rooms et, 15 5 i Incincng weigt of aclnery Tages = Brg lead F Pankng fr ears Ugh van eee Ea a0 exoeoding 2500 hg gross mass, ncuding erage, Acreage and taps € Vehicles exceotng 2500 Wg Davewaya, rama, | Tobe doleunined fr epee wee repair worlehops, footpaths with velice acces, : ‘nd cor pang " ‘NOTBI. Communal areas blocks of ats wit alted we refs to oaks of fats nat more an Ghree storeys in ght and wi ‘ot mora than four self contained dweling uns per floor accesible fora one tairase. : : ‘NOTE2 Where dese same areas may be subjected to loads doe to physi aves or overcrowding, eg a hota dining Yoom wed 33.3 dance foo, imposed loads shouldbe based on occupancy Ct or Gas appropriate ference shoul ssa be ae fo Cause 8 [NOTE Ficed seating fo seating wher ts removal nd the use of the space for ther purposes fs probable, All floors should be designed to carry the uniformly 8.1.2 Uniformly distributed loads distributed or concentrated load, whichever ‘The uniformly distributed loads given in table 1 are produces the greatest stresses (or where critical, ‘the uniformly distributed static loads per square deflection) in the part of the floor under metre of plan area and provide for the effects of consideration qi nonnal te. categories adopted for types of activity/occupancy are: 5.13 Concentrated loade i : Concentrated loads should be assumed to act at i A Domestic and residential activites ‘points on the member to glve the greatest moment, { shear (or where critical, ). Concentrated i B_ Office and work areas not covered elsewiiere onde Should be applied to ndividoad meostere set } ©: Areas where people may congregate assumed to act on them unless there is evidence that D Shopping areas adequate Interaction exists to ensure that the load E ies bce tos ety tee see ‘goods ‘When used for the calculation of local effects such SseEE- is the deflection of the barrier (in mm). 11.2 Where the car park has been designed on the basis that the gross mass of the vehicles using it will not exceed 2500 kg the following valnes are used to determine the force F 1500 kg) A5in/s; 100 mm unless better evidence is available, For a rigid barrier, for which dy may be taken as zero, the force F appropriate to vehicles up to 2500 kg gross mass is taleen as 150 KN. a m ve by = 2) 'The mass of 1500 ky is taken as being more representative ofthe vehicle population than the extreme value of 2500 kg, 6 ens 1996 2 al senescrctnntererinteich pana anneBS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 ————————— eee 11.8. Where the car park has been designed for vehicles whose gross mass exceeds 2500 kg the following values are used to determine the force Fr ‘m = the actual mass of the vehicle for which the'car park is designed (in kg); 45 ms; 100 yun unless better evidence is available, oe 11.4 The force determined as in 11.2 or 11.3 may ‘be considered to act at bumper height. In the casa of ‘car pafks intended for motor cars whose gross mass does not exceed 2500 kg this height may be taken a3 375 mm above the floor level. ® See appropriate matertal design code, © BSI 1096 11.5 Barriers to access ramps of car parks have to withstand one half of the force determined in L1.2 or 11,8 acting at a height of 610 mm above the ramp. ‘Opposite the ends of straight ramps intended for downward travel which exceed 20m in length the barrier has to withstand twice the force determined $n 112 oF 11.8 acting at a height of 610 mm above theramp, 12 Accidental load on key or protected elements When an accidental load is for akey or protected element approach to design,® that load. Shall be taken as 84 kN/m?.= 7 BS 6399 : Part 171996 ‘Table 4, Minimum horizontal imposed loads for parapets, barriers and balustrades, ete. “Tope of oceupmncy for | Esamples of specific we Horizontal [A uniformly [A point load parc of he building or ‘uniformly | distributed load applied to part srncture istsibuted tine | applied to the | ofthe intl Toad ina Gavin) ic?) aay) ‘A Domestic snd residential | (All areas wittin or seving exchavey | 06 05 -] 025 secrites ‘ne doling coding stan ndings, es, but excluding extemal balconies and edges of res Gee G3). (GH Omer residential Out aso see) ~~ | 078 1 os ‘Band B Otices and work | (Hi) Light acces star and gmgways nt [022 (WA Wa ‘meas not incioded "| more than 630 mn wide : Sbeqrhere including store Fy) Light pedeston tral owt in 36 05. ome seme {ndusal snd storage balngs except escape res Areas not soscepible to ovecowaingin [O70 - | 10 os Satan an tsa tag {ndustial and storage buiings except as ven show ‘Gress where people way_| (Ares having ed eating i 5 is conoreeae with 690 min of tho barrier, bahstrade or pampet ‘cuca Aresa with tbies or | (ri) Resarant andes =% > 5 ra Fey iced seating ee eS (2 Ares witntctales | i) Sn iain condo amps [OTE io os ‘mowing people not 5) eeaeralpalontes and edges of roo susceptible to overcrowding | © aaa tet fia a - ‘GBAreas susceptible to ‘overcrowding han Sim wide adjacent to een areas (Gi Designated sada (see note 1) Dietal areas Geld Attlee ncating abi eae ‘of banksbukng HG Vehioae (Ge) Horizontal loads posed by vehicles See Gause It TOT, Deiat wadin are ove equine aslo erste under the Stl of Sys Grad ATT © Bs 1996, 2 : ~ebe in loading ean be decomposed, fonctions. Any periodic to a combination of a constant load and. harmonies. Synchronized dynamic loading {1} caused by activities ‘such as jumping and dancing are periodic and mainly ‘depend upon: 4) the static weight of the dancer(s) (G); ) the period of the dancing loads) (7); ©) the covitact ratio (q), Le. the ratio of the duration within each cycle when the load 1s in contact with the floor and the petiod of the dancing, the load at Instant | ‘be Matenatealy any instant (9 may roe o[1+ 32, rasinEt+ o,)) cepaton) where ; ‘nis the number of the harinonic being considered ,2.3,mj 1s the dynainic Toad factor. for thé ni armonte; : : nis the phase angle of n* harmonic. ‘the contact ‘The values of 7, and gy are functions of the value of ratio a. a fypical values of a for various ies yo ratio for ~~] Contact ratio a Normal jumping ie High jamping ae ‘Tue resultant values ofr and fa fora given peiod of or a, ‘may be Seng po mpg rewency (W/E) may individual loads the frequency range that should be considered is 1.5 Hz to 35 Hz and for larger groups 1165 Hz to 28 Hz as coordinated movement at the higher oad which structures, eg. temporary Toad of 1096 of the vertical tical jumping also uy be exiteal for some gandstands. A horizontal load should be considered. © Bot 1996BS 6399 : Part 1: 1996 ———————————— eee B List of references (se dase 2) Normative references Specification for ST units and recommendations for the use of their mailtiples and of certain other units cee ad range spree ids for imposed roof loadsBS 6399: Part 1: 1996 : ‘A Bitish Standard does not purport to include allthe necessary provisioits of a contzaet Users of British Standards are response for Wher comer application, Revisions - pit British Standards are updated by améndment or revision. 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