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Amirkabir university of technology

Water jet propulsion system

Esmail sadeghian(8530022)

Table of contents
Introduction...4
Water jet History...5
Model Range.....9
Water jet layout...17
Water jet Advantages..18
How a Water jet Works?.....................................................................20
Characteristic velocities in a water jet system21
Jet Boat Information26
Variable marine jet components..27
Electronic Waterjet & Vessel Control Systems...33
marine Water Jet Applications.36
water jet boat famous Companies44
summary...47
References50

Waterjet History
1954
A slight modification to expel the jet stream above the waterline proved the turning point in
marine jet propulsion, increasing speed to 17mph and eliminating all underwater appendages.
Waterjet propulsion was at last truly successful and the Hamilton Waterjet was born.
This first type of unit was named "Quinnat" and consisted of a vertical shaft centrifugal unit,
driven through a right angle gearbox.

1956

The first batch of "Rainbow" jet units were produced. A small direct drive centrifugal type of
unit, the Rainbow gave a good performance in a suitable light craft, without the noise of a
gearbox. About 100 were manufactured and marketed in New Zealand.

1957

This year saw the birth of the "Chinook" unit. A twin impeller axial-flowturbine, the Chinook
was far more efficient with its straight-throughflow and two-stage pressure build up.
Following this came the three-stage Chinook unit which increased performance further.

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1963

The "Colorado" series of jet units was a completely new, greatly simplified design which
halved the cost of the unit. This series was developed into a full range of one, two and three
stage units driving a widerange of boats from river-runabouts to off-shore racing craft.

1970
This year saw the introduction of the "Work Jets" - larger, heavy duty units designed for diesel
commercial vessels, large launches etc. The WorkJets were the forerunners to today's
Hamilton HM Series of larger waterjets.

1973

The 750 series of jet units evolved a standardised method of installation in hulls, regardless of
the number of stages. This gave more cockpit space in the boat and employed modern controls
and engines.

1975

First 'commercial' waterjet, Model 1031, introduced. Large diameter, single stage unit.

1991
HS Series waterjets, for 50-65 knot craft, is introduced. These were multi-stage waterjet units
designed for high-speed light commercial craft with power inputs up to 1,600kW.

1993-98
New jet models introduced to waterjet range - HJ241, HJ321, HM461.
Existingmodels further developed with more efficient intake and screen designs, 0 and 5
degree intake block options, and improved anti-fouling/anti-corrosion protection.
Largest model waterjets developed - HM651, HM721, HM811.

1994
Turbo impeller developed along with HJ212 model to replace the multi-stage 773 unit in
trailerable boats. The Turbo impeller improves jet performance in aerated water conditions.

2003
HJ403jet unit superseeds HJ391 in model range. New model features improved design for
greater efficiency, ease of installation and lower maintenance, as well as a new ahead/astern
control systems.
Dynamic Positioning interface for MECS developed. This allows MECS to interface with a
ship's DP system to improve station-holding ability and general safety around oil-rigs.

2008
The first HT1000 waterjets are manufactured, increasing water jet size range above the HM811.

Model Range
The waterjet range includes models for power inputsfrom 150 to 3000kW, for vessels typically
up to 60 metres long. All models include features such as integral intake and transition duct for
easy installation, as well as steering and reverse components. All but the smallest units include
fully integrated hydraulic reverse systems with jet-driven hydraulic pump, control valves & oilcooler cast into the waterjet intake.
HJ Series Waterjets
smaller range of waterjets - 8 models ranging from 200mm to 400mm diameter impellers. HJ
waterjets are generally suitable for 6-20m craft, depending on the number of waterjets used, hull
displacement, and the vessel's application. Control systems range from fully manual, to manual
hydraulic to the electronic blue ARROW control system.
HM Series Waterjets
larger range of waterjets - 7 models ranging from 420mm to 810mm diameter
impellers. HM waterjets are generally suitable for 18-60m craft using two or more
engines and waterjets. Control systems are hydraulic or electronic.
Because of the more technical application criterea for HM series waterjets, these models are
generally sold and supported from the HamiltonJet factory and Regional Offices, with local
assistance from Distributors.
Electronic Waterjet & Vessel Control Systems

also designs and manufactures hydraulic and electronic control components for all its waterjet
models. Its electronic control systems can integrate with a range of other vessel systems, such as
engine and gearbox controls, Autopilot, Voyage Data Recorders and Dynamic Positioning
Systems to provide complete vessel manoeuvring control.

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HJ Series Waterjets
The HJ Series comprises a range of highly efficient inducer style waterjets which can usually be
applied directly driven from a marine engine and are suitable for propelling craft at speeds
ranging from zero to up to 50 knots and typically in length up to 20 metres.

Dimensions
Standard 5 Intake Block Option

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Optional 0 Intake Block Option (available with selected waterjet models only)

Note: The 0 Intake Block option positions the waterjet parallel to the hull bottom, allowing a
reduced engine installation height when using a drop-centre gearbox.

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HJ Series Power/RPM Envelopes

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HJ212 Waterjet

Designed principally for Trailerable boats using petrol engines, the HJ212 is
the most popular waterjet unit in the world. Setup options include a close
coupling system to keep space taken by the engine/waterjet to a minimum,
and the "Turbo" impeller, specifically designed for use in highly aerated
water, such as river rapids and surf conditions.

HJ213 Waterjet

The diesel engine equivalent of the HJ212 featuring more robust

construction, comprehensive anode protection and hydraulic pump, cooler
and cylinder for reverse control.
HJ241 Waterjet

Bridging the gap between the HJ213 and the HJ274, the HJ241 offers better
load carrying capability than the smaller models using the same engine
power range.

HJ274 Waterjet

The most successful commercial waterjet in the world, the HJ274 is without
comparison in terms of performance, reliability and value for money.
Continuing the legacy created by the popular 1031 waterjet, the HJ274 has
proven to be highly verstile in a wide range of work and pleasure
applications.

HJ292 Waterjet

Another highly versatile waterjet popular for commercial and pleasure

applications. The HJ292 is also the smallest HamiltonJet waterjet available
with blue ARROW controls.
HJ322 Waterjet

The HJ322 is fast becoming the propulsion of choice for the wasve of 9-10m
RIBs now joining Coast Guard and rescue organisations around the world.
Providing excellent towing power and cavitation resistance, as well as high
speed performance, the HJ322 can also be fitted with blue ARROW controls
for enhance manoeuvrability

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HJ364 Waterjet

HamiltonJet's most recent addition to its product range, the HJ364 replaces
the HJ362 and incorporates many of the improved design features introduced
with the HJ403.
HJ403 Waterjet

More compact installation, improved reverse control and superior

performance are all features of the HJ403 compared with its predecessor the
HJ391.

The HM Series comprises a range of highly efficient inducer style waterjets which
are usually driven from a marine engine via a reduction gearbox and are suitable for propelling
craft typically in length from 17 to 60 metres.

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HM Series Waterjets

Model

A
(mm)

B
(mm)

C
(mm)

D
(mm)

E
(mm)

F
(mm)

G
(mm)

HM422

1380

484

2082

1090

940

960

964

HM461

1280

420

2048

1439

1016

900

1040

HM521

1424

475

2350

1630

1200

1000

1200

HM571

1561

530

2585

1800

1300

1000

1285

HM651

2105

593

3360

1650

1470

1100

1500

HM721

2381

667

3779

1860

1612

1250

1660

HM811

2672

750

4252

2100

1800

1400

2000

Note: The HM422 has a 5 downangle on the mainshaft - all other HM Series waterjets are 0

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Jet HM Series Power/RPM Inputs

Jet Model

HM422 HM461 HM521 HM571 HM651 HM721 HM811

Maximum Sprint
Power (skW)

900

1100

1400

1700

2200

2700

3500

Input RPM Range

20202300

17951900

15871710

14481569

13051407

11491236

10301104

Maximum
Continuous
Power (skW)

900

1200

1400

1800

2200

2800

Inpu RPM Range

16801800

15081624

13571470

12201316

10731154

955-1025

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Waterjet Advantages
Waterjet propulsion has many advantages over other forms of marine propulsion, such as stern
drives, outboard motors, shafted propellers and surface drives. These advantages include...
Excellent Manoeuvrability

Precise steering control at all boat speeds

"Zero Speed" steering effect provides 360 thrusting ability for docking and holding
stationary.
Sideways movement possible with multiple jet installations.
High efficiency astern thrust with "power-braking" ability at speed

High Efficiency

Propulsive coefficients as good or higher than the best propeller systems achievable at
medium to high planing speeds
Flexibility when using multiple waterjets may allow operators to continue to operate
efficiently on fewer drives

Low Drag and Shallow Draught

Absence of underwater appendages reduces hull resistance

Shallow draught - the waterjet intake is flush with hull bottom to allow access to shallow
water areas and beach landings with no risk of damage to the drive

Low Maintenance

No protruding propulsion gear eliminates impact damage or snags

Minimum downtime and simple maintenance routines

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Smooth and Quiet

No hull vibration, no torque effect and no high speed cavitation gives maximum comfort
levels on board
Low underwater acoustic signature

Total Safety

No exposed propeller for complete safety around people in the water and marine life

Maximum Engine Life

Jet unit impeller is finely matched to engine power

Power absorption is the same regardless of boat speed
No possibility of engine overload under any conditions

Simplicity

Single packaged module

No heavy and expensive gearbox required for many installations. Simple driveline from
engine to jet coupling

Easy installation

Complete factory tested package, ready to bolt in

No difficult engine alignment problems

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How a Waterjet Works?

A waterjet generates propulsive thrust from
the reaction created when water is forced in a
rearward direction. It works in relation to Newton's
Third Law of Motion - "every action has an equal
and opposite reaction". A good example of this is
the recoil felt on the shoulderwhen firing a rifle, or
the thrust felt when holding a powerful firehose.
Put simply, the discharge of a high velocity jet
stream generates a reaction force in the opposite
direction, which is transferred through the body of
the jet unit to the craft's hull, propelling it forward
(see diagram below).
In a boat hull the jet unit is mounted inboard in the
aft section. Water enters the jet unit intake on the
bottom of the boat, at boat speed, and is accelerated
through the jet unit and discharged through the
transom at a high velocity.
The picture below shows where water enters the jet
unit via the Intake (A). The pumping unit, which
includes the Impeller (B) and Stator (C), increases
the pressure, or "head", of the flow. This high pressure flow is discharged at the nozzle (D) as a
high velocity jet stream. The driveshaft attaches at the coupling (F) to turn the impeller.
Steering is achieved by changing the direction of the stream of water as it leaves the jet unit.
Pointing the jet stream one way forces the stern of the boat in the opposite direction which puts
the vessel into a turn.
Reverse is achieved by lowering an astern deflector (E) into the jetstream after it leaves the
nozzle. This reverses the direction of the force generated by the jet stream, forward and down, to
keep the boat stationary or propel it in the astern direction.

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Jet Boat Information

If you want to run shallow rivers, you need a jet boat. Jet boats come in different types and sizes,
but they all have one thing in common they depend on a high-pressure column of water pushed
out of the engine to propel the boat. They can run in less water depth because there is no prop
and lower unit hanging down to snag the river bottom. With the right boat, a highly skilled
driver, and a consistent bottom, you can run in as little as two-to-three inches of water.
Jet engines come in two varieties inboard and outboard. Regardless of the type of motor, the jet
system consumes about 30% of the engines horsepower while taking in the water and
accelerating it out the back. A 50HP outboard fitted with a jet unit will make about 35HP at the
nozzle. Other typical combinations you see are 25/20, 60/40, 90/65, 115/80, 150/105, and
200/140.
Inboard jets usually consist of automotive style engines that are marinized for use in boats and
to which are fitted jet pump systems. The most common brands of jet pumps in our area are
Kodiak and Hamilton. Both are excellent systems, have different characteristics, work well, and
have their share of dedicated and vocal advocates. Inboard engine horsepower ratings start
around 225HP and go up to 425HP in the boats that we sell.
A hybrid design that has really caught on in the last couple of years is Mercurys SportJet. With
this package Mercury has taken a 2-stroke outboard powerhead and mated it to a proprietary,
highly efficient pump system. The result is a fairly small but powerful system that works really
well in 18 to 20 boats. The SportJet 175 is a carbureted, oil-injected motor, while the 240 is an
oil-inject EFI motor. While significantly more expensive, the 240 SportJet really packs a punch,
is fairly quiet, and gets excellent fuel mileage for a 2-stroke.
Which motor to pick? Personal preferences reign. For small boats outboards are the answer
because of weight. They work well on boats up to about 21. In the middle range, walk-through
windshield style hulls in 18 to 20 the Merc SportJet packages are great. The engine/pump
systems weigh less than half what even the smallest marinized automotive-style engine weighs
and take up a lot less room inside the boat. For larger boats, where you want to take a lot of
people, haul a lot of stuff, or drive long distances, theres nothing like the big V-8s. They run
good, they sound good, and they provide the kind of real push you need to operate a boat of that
caliber. A classic setup would be a Bosch port-fuel-injected 350 that makes about 330HP with
either a 3-stage Kodiak or Hamilton 212 Turbo pump; this is a very satisfying yet still fairly
economical package in a 21 or 22 riverboat.
You can buy a jet boat at AMDS that ranges anywhere in size from 14 to 24. Hull styles
include flat-bottomed jons, tunnel jons, and Skiff or Sport styles with 5 degree or 12 degree
bottoms. For someone looking for the proverbial all-around boat, a 21 to 24 inboard with 12
degree V makes a reasonable compromise. One of the beauties of inboard (4-stroke) power is the
ready availability of cabin heat and defrost. Having that blast of warm air on a chilly morning is
a really nice touch.

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CONVENTIONAL JET POWER TRANSMISSION

CONVENTIONAL JET POWER TRANSMISSION

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Electronic Waterjet & Vessel Control Systems

also designs and manufactures hydraulic and electronic control components for all its waterjet
models. Its electronic control systems can integrate with a range of other vessel systems, such as
engine and gearbox controls, Autopilot, Voyage Data Recorders and Dynamic Positioning
Systems to provide complete vessel manoeuvring control.

MECS - Modular Electronic Control System

Principally designed for HM range of waterjets (HM461- HM811) MECS is also available on
HJ364, HJ403 and HJ422 models. Themodular "per-jet" architecture of the MECS system mean
it is suitable for a wide range of waterjet setup configurations. The system can also integrate with
many peripheral control and recording systems such as Autopilot, Dynamic Positioning, and
Voyage Data Recording
A Revolution in Waterjet Control
Systems

blueARROW is a new generation

electronic control system for HamiltonJet
powered boats. With the intuitive control
provided by the MouseBoat manoeuvring
controller, blue ARROW allows even
inexperienced boaters to harness the full
manoevring benefits of waterjets by
providing simple control of engine
throttle, gearbox and waterjet reverse and
steering deflectors.
Unlike other electronic waterjet control
systems, blue ARROW is a complete
waterjet and controls package. blue
ARROW incorporates single or twin
waterjet units, jet control interfaces,
engine throttle and gearbox control
interfaces, together with helm station control devices.
In addition, blue ARROW has many safety features including multiple levels of redundancy and
a fully independent smart backup, together with comprehensive diagnostics and alarms, making
it the safest and most reliable control system of its type.

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blue ARROW is suitable for commercial applications, workboats, military craft and pleasure
yachts. Like all of HamiltonJet's quality propulsion products, blue ARROW is installed and
supported by the company's network of Distributors and service agents in over 50 locations
around the world.

Basic Specifications:

Features the MouseBoat manoeuvring controller

blue ARROW is currently available with Hamilton Waterjet models HJ292, HJ322,
HJ364 and HJ403
Suitable for Single and Twin installations in monohulls or catamarans
Vessel length: 8-16 metres (guide only - some vessels outside this range may be suitable)
Vessel Weight: 3-30 tonnes
Engine Input Power Range: 200-900kW (270-1340hp)
RPM Range (at waterjet mainshaft): 1200-3000rpm

JRS JOGSTICK REVERSE SYSTEM

Jogstick Reverse Control (JRS) system is a simple and robust electro hydraulic
control system that provides non-follow up, JOG lever control of the waterjets
reverse with analogue bucket position indicator.This robust system is ideal for
remote and rugged use applications.
APPLICATION 100 + 200SERIES

RSC ROTARY SERVO CONTROL

Rotary Servo Control (RSC) provides simple and exact mechanical hydraulic
follow up control. Operation is by conventional hand control using push-pull
cable to RSC input lever. The Doen manufactured RSC unit utilises de-coupled
feedback system for quick and free lever movement at all times.
APPLICATION 100 + 200SERIES

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ECS- ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM

Electronic Control System (ECS) provides a simple yet fully functional
electronic control providing bucket, engines and gear control for twin waterjets
or triple waterjets with center booster jet using single lever combined throttle
and full follow up bucket control, with steering by conventional helm.
APPLICATION 100 + 200SERIES

CAN BUS ELECTRONIC CONTROL

This multi-station waterjet steering and reverse with engine and marine gear
control system providing alarm, monitoring function, back-up and emergency
control. Distributed processing by independent CPUs Configurable set-up
CAN BUS technology using a multiple redundant bus.
APPLICATION 200 + 300SERIES

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Marin water Jet Applications

marine waterjet units means you will have a number of propulsion options available to suit your
vessel. Selecting the correct model and configuration of waterjet is crucial to ensure your craft
performs to its full potential and you gain the maximum speed and efficiency benefits from
choosing waterjet propulsion.

1.Passenger Ferries

Pine Harbour Ferry

15.2m Catamaran
Twin HJ364 waterjets
40 knots
Auckland, New Zealand

Iyanough Ferry

46.5m Catamaran
Quad HM721 waterjets
38 knots
Hyannis, MA, USA

Key West Express

52.3m Catamaran
Quad HM811 waterjets
41.5 knots
Key West, FL, USA

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Tourist Vessels

Wheketere (Whale Watch)

17.5m Aluminium Cat

Twin HJ391 waterjets
30 knots
New Zealand

Parasailing Boat

9.00m GRP
Single HJ274
32 knots
Turkey

Voyager III (Whale Watch)

34m Aluminium Catamaran

Quad HM461 waterjets
31 knots
USA

Dolphin Discoveries

17.7m Aluminium Catamaran

Twin HJ362 waterjets
32 knots
New Zealand

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Crew Boats

Kemba & Surfer Express

53.5m Aluminium
Quad HM811
30 knots
West Africa

SeaCor Cheetah

50.9m Aluminium Catamaran

Quad HM811
42 knots
West Africa

Mr Mel

43.2m Aluminium Monohull

Quad HM571 waterjets
28 knots
Gulf of Mexico

Lisa Ann

44.2m Aluminium Monohull

Quad HM571 waterjets
28 knots
Gulf of Mexico

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Patrol Boats

Auckland Police

18.5m Aluminium
Twin HJ403 waterjets
blue ARROW Control system
30 knots @ 65% MCR
New Zealand

Korean Coast Guard 100T

29m Aluminium
Twin HM811 waterjets
45 knots
Korea

Korean Coast Guard 50T

28.0m Steel
Twin HM651 waterjets
32 knots
Korea

Egyptian Border Guard

26.1m Aluminium
Twin HM651 waterjets
40 knots
Egypt

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Military Vessels

Maritime Prepositioning Force

13.5m Aluminium
Twin HJ364 waterjets
41knots
USA
Military Landing Craft

16.9m Aluminium
Twin HJ364 waterjets
38knots
Built by Munson
United States

Halmatic Pacific 22 Mk II

7m RIB
Single HJ241 waterjet
32knots
United Kingdom

Combat Support Boat

8.8m Fire Retardant GRP

Twin HJ274 waterjets
30knots
United Kingdom

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Pilot Boats

Georgia

23.00m Aluminium
Twin HM651 waterjets
28 knots
USA

Sabine Bank Pilot

22m Aluminium
Twin HM651
28 knots
USA

Brunswick Pilots

15.2m Aluminium RIB

Twin HJ362 waterjets
31 knots
USA
Swift - Virginia Pilots

13.7m Aluminium Catamaran

Twin HJ403 waterjets
37 knots
USA

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Pleasure Cruisers & Recreational Crafts

Naiad Super Yacht Tender

10.6m Aluminium
Twin HJ292 waterjets
blue ARROW control system
44 knots
New Zealand

Huckins Linwood 56

18.3m GRP
Twin HJ403 waterjets
34 knots
USA

Azimut 86S

26.5m GRP
Twin HM571
42 knots
Italy

Oyster LD43

13.30m Composite GRP

Twin HJ292
32 knots
United Kingdom

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Fishing Boats

Coromandel Harvester Mussel Barge

25m Aluminium
Twin HJ403
11.5 knots
New Zealand

Bella-V Lobster Boat

11m GRP
Single HJ292
29 knots
MA, USA

Rehu Tai II

13.6m Monohull
Twin HJ322 waterjets
37 knots
New Zealand

Bowpicker Fishing Boat

9.75m Aluminium Monohull

Twin HJ273
37 knots
Cordova, Alaska

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water jet boat famous Companies:

1. Weifang Sea World Sea World Co.,Ltd

Company
Address

Weifang Sea World Sea World Co.,Ltd

No.5918 North Xiangyang Road Weifang Shandong 261021

China
Phone

86 - 0536 - 8560998

Homepage

www.wfjetski.com

2. Fuller Distributors, LLC

Company

Fuller Distributors, LLC

Address

5466 North Shore Road Pensacola FL 32507 USA

Phone

1 - 850 - 2667976

Fax

1 - 866 4679443

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3.Zhejiang Shunfeng Power Machinery

Manufacturer Co.,Ltd
Company

Zhejiang Shunfeng Power Machinery Manufacturer Co.,Ltd

Address

No. 325 Huancheng Es Rd, /jindong district Jinhua Zhejiang 321000 China

Phone

86 - 579 82171078

Fax

86 - 579 82170112

Homepage

www.shunfeng.biz

4. Market Concepts
Company

Market Concepts

Address

PO Box 2066 Seal Beach ca 90740 USA

Phone

1 - 562 6737584

Fax

1 - 509 - 3562433

5.Inco Mechel Pvt. Ltd.

Company

Inco Mechel Pvt. Ltd.

Address

901, Maker Chambers V, Nariman Point Mumbai Maharashtra 400021 India

Phone

91 - 22 22041183

Fax

91 - 22 - 22044944

Homepage

www.inco.co.in

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6.Dae Han Mech Corp

Company

Dae Han Mech Corp

Address

1768 weimi-ri namwon-eup seoguipo-si Jeju-do 699-944 Korea

Phone

82 - 64 7647705

Fax

82 - 64 - 7647706

Homepage

koreavolvo.com

7. Acasport
Company

Acasport

Address

5302 Couture Montreal St Leonard Quebec H1R1C7 Canada

Phone

1 - 514 - 3244949

Fax

1 - 514 3244949

8 .TP Inc
Company

TP Inc

Address

ul. Gorkogo 13/3-39 Yeisk Krasnodar region 353660 Russia

Phone

1 - 253 - 73673-00

Fax

1 - 916 - 31489-62

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9.Siddique Trading Corp

Company

Siddique Trading Corp.,

Address

6, Abdus Sattar Road Chittagong 4000 Bangladesh

Phone

88 - 18 11183643

Fax

88 - 31 610553

Homepage

geocities.com/ctgabs/mabsiddique.html

Summary

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References

http://www.hamiltonjet.co.nz/
www.eagle.org/
www.honeywell.com
MIT%20COURSE/OcwWeb/Mechanical-Engineering/2-611Fall-2006/LectureNotes/index.htm