Margo Pujiantara et. al.

/ International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology

Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3909-3917

DVR CONTROL USING FUZZY POLAR

FOR VOLTAGE SAGS RESTORATION
ON 4-WIRE SYSTEM
MARGO PUJIANTARA
Electrical Engineering, Institute Technology of Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Raya ITS,
Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
margo@ee.its.ac.id

RIO INDRALAKSONO, SEPTIAN DWIRATHA, M. ASHARI, MAURIDHI HERY PURNOMO

Electrical Engineering, Institute Technology of Sepuluh Nopember, Jl. Raya ITS,
Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
rio2006@elect-eng.its.ac.id
TAKASHI HIYAMA
Electric Power System Laboratory, Kumamoto University,
Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
hiyama@cs.kumamoto-u.ac.jp

Abstract :
Voltage sags is destructive interference voltage profile and most often occur in the industry. Consequences
which can be caused by such interference is black out, the failure of function, even damage to sensitive
equipment. There are several methods that can solve the voltage profile problem. One method that is considered
the most effective and efficient to maintain the voltage profile according to previous research is the method of
the Custom Power Supply (CUPS) in the form of Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). In this research, selected
Polar Fuzzy control method for controlling the DVR because it has proved better than other methods according
to previous research and is able to restore the voltage profile without prejudice and without the use of zero
sequence blocking transformers. From the simulation results found that DVR Polar Fuzzy control method is able
to restore the voltage profile due to voltage sags at an average of 99.83%.
Keywords: DVR, Fuzzy Polar, Voltage Sags.
1. Introduction
An electrical power distribution system which is ideal to give customers the power flow is not interrupted by
an unlimited power rating and having a pure sinusoidal wave at the frequency and magnitude that have been
determined. In fact, a power system has several features that are not ideal, and then have the impact on power
quality. Voltage sags is one of power quality problems. Prevent all kind voltage sags is not possible, but
handling stress sags should be done. Voltage sags is a serious problem that can damage sensitive equipment ex,
motor drives, computers, programmable logic controller (Nguyen, 2004).
According to ANSI std. 1100-1992, are included in the category of voltage sags is 0.1 pu voltage drop to 0.9
pu within 0.5 cycle to 1 minute. Based on European standard EN 50160-2000, "Voltage Characteristics of
electricity supplied by public distribution systems" (Cenelec, 1999) blinking voltage is defined as a sudden
decrease in voltage from 90% to 10% of nominal voltage, followed by recovery at a certain period. Period was
10 ms to 1 minute. Voltage sags is defined by the IEEE std. 1159-1995 as a decrease in voltage Root Mean
Square (RMS) between 0.1 and 0.9 Per Unit (PU) for a period of between half a cycle and less than one minute.
In other words, if the voltage falls below 90% of the nominal and less than one minute, this is known as voltage
fluctuations blink.
Fuzzy polar first introduced by Takashi Hiyama in 1991 (Hiyama et. Al., 1991). Fuzzy Polar is a decision
that the optimal method of mapping the signal in polar areas. These parameters are controlled by Fuzzy Polar on
polar fields.. Each position in the polar areas represents major control signals required. The main principle of the

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Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3909-3917
fuzzy polar shift which determines the magnitude of the input signal to be controlled to the equilibrium
conditions (desired conditions).
Signal to be controlled is represented in two polar parameters of magnitude and angle. In the basic
application, the function of the fuzzy polar controller is used to replace the function of the PI (Hiyama et. Al.,
1993). Control signal given by the fuzzy polar to be robust so that the input signal provides a more optimal
results.
DVRs in general on the three wire method using blocking transformer with the assumption that the fault is a
three phase ground fault. When an interruption occurs, the components of one phase ground zero with a role big
enough so that the resulting lack of a good recovery (Chung et. Al., 2001). using four-wire, zero sequence is
controlled zero so that the resulting good restore voltage.
This paper aims to create a DVR-based fuzzy polar controller for improving voltage sag in the system 3
phase 4 wire using the VSI. So we get better results and recovery voltage during voltage sags can be achieved
without the shift in nominal voltage phase angle and harmonics can be well damped.
2. System Modeling
Typically basic configuration DVR consists of Booster Transformer, Voltage Source Inverter, System
Control, Energy Storage which consists of the source DC and Blocking Transformer. When an interruption
occurs, the voltage at the sensitive load bus has decreased. Booster transformer inject voltage transformer will
provide in accordance with the decrease in voltage at load bus voltage at load bus so sensitive to be constant.
Booster Transformer get the injection voltage source from the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) which is controlled
by the Voltage Regulator. The amount of voltage injection given by Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) was
formulated as follows:
Ul= Us+ Uinj
where,

Ul
Us
Uinj

(2.1)

= voltage sensitive load

= voltage sags
= voltage injection

Installation DVR on a simple distribution system model is shown in Figure 1a and 1b. Figure 2.1a represents
the installation of a conventional DVR system that still uses the blocking transformer, while Figure 2.1b
represent the installation of the proposed DVR without blocking transformers.
Normal load Bus

Normal load Bus

Ground fault

Main Bus

Ground fault

Main Bus

DVR
Blocking
Transformer

Grounding

(a)

Sensitive load Bus

DVR
Grounding

Sensitive load Bus

(b)
Figure 2.1a. Distribution system model with the installation of a typically DVR.
2.11b. Distribution system model with the installation of the proposed DVR.

When the voltage sags into a voltage asymmetry is restored to normal voltage symmetry. At normal voltage
conditions, the power load on each phase can be written as follows.
where,

Sl=Ul.Il*=Pl+jQl
Il
Pl
Ql

(2.2)

= load current
= active power
= reactive power

To obtain the recovery voltage is required injection power from the DVR so that the power flow of each
phase is shown in equation (2.3).

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Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3909-3917
Sl=(Pl+jQ)l=(P+jQ)s+(P+jQ)inj
where,

(2.3)

(P+jQ)s represents sags quantity

(P+jQ)inj represents DVR injection quantity

Blocking Transformer on conventional DVR is used to prevent voltage / zero sequence currents that
occurred at the time of disturbance on the bus or other feeder that led to sensitive load. Blocking Transformer
which installed on system with winding configuration Y- caused zero sequence impedance infinite. However
Blocking Transformer cant operate on 3 phase 4 wire system. So we need a controller that can control the zero
sequence components when single phase to ground fault occurs.
In the distribution system with neutral point grounding, most faults are single phase to ground
disturbance. Single phase to ground fault on the normal load feeder will result in voltage sags on the feeder
sensitive load. Phasor diagram when there is a single phase to ground disturbance is shown in Figure 2.2
Condition of voltage at the sensitive load prior to fault can be described in equation (2.4, 2.5, 2.6).

V a V a (0) V a (1) V a (2)

V b V b (0) V b (1) V b(2)
V c V c (0) V c (1) V c (2)

(2.4)
(2.5)
(2.6)

Vc

Va

Vc
Figure 2.2. Phasor voltage of three phases during a phase to fault ground

During the disturbances, the voltage equation can be written into,

Va V cos jV sin

where,

1 1
Vb j 3
2 2
1 1
Vb j 3
2 2
V

(2.6)

= magnitude sags voltage

= phase angle jump

Zero sequence components during fault can be explained in the following:

1
V0 (V a Vb V c )
3
Va V cos jV sin

(2.7)

From equation (2.5) shows that zero sequence components was not equal to 0. This shows that the zero
sequence components must be compensation. Compensation method d, q and 0 for voltage regulator control
DVR using Fuzzy Polar, modeled in Figure 2.3 and full scheme for proposed DVR shown in Figure 2.4.

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Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3909-3917

Vd ref

Vabc

Vd
+-

Vq
+

Vd
Vd

Vq ref

Vabc
to
dq0
V0 ref

d
dt

V0

d
dt
d
dt

Vq

Fuzzy
Polar
rule base

Vq
V0

dq0
PWM
to
abc

V0

Figure 2.3. DVR voltage regulator control model using Fuzzy Polar

Figure 2.4. Full scheme of proposed DVR using Fuzzy Polar controlled method.

3. Fuzzy Polar
Fuzzy polar first introduced by Takashi Hiyama in 1991 (Hiyama et. Al., 1991). Fuzzy Polar is a decision
that the optimal method of mapping the signal in polar areas. These parameters are controlled on Fuzzy Polar
polar fields such as represented in Figure 3.1. Each position in the polar areas represent major control signals
required. The main principle of the fuzzy polar shift which determines the magnitude of the input signal to be
controlled to the equilibrium conditions (desired conditions).
Signal to be controlled is represented in two polar parameters of magnitude and angle. In the basic
application, the function of the fuzzy polar controller is used to replace the function of the PI (Pujiantara et. Al.,
2007, 2008, 2009). Control signals generated by the fuzzy polar referring to the input signal is robust, thus
providing a more optimal results.
On fuzzy polar, there are only two membership functions. Determination of the control signal becomes faster
and easier (Pujiantara et. Al., 2010). Another advantage of the fuzzy polar is the polar fuzzy expert system does
not need to determine the fuzzy rule base on different systems.

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Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3909-3917

Figure 3.1. Polar Form on Polar Fuzzy system

On Fuzzy polar, the desired output signal at t is represented as a point O. The signals will be controlled at the
time t is described as a point in the field of polar coordinates p(k) = [D(k), (k)]. The magnitude p(k) represents
the size of the input signal will be shifted / repaired to the desired signal and is represented by point O or
equilibrium point. The value of p(k) can be obtained by representing the axis Zs and ZaAs as components that
affect the signal to be controlled (Hiyama et. Al, 1993) or change the signal to be controlled at t into
components [Zs, ZaAs] as illustrated in Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2. Controller Diagram of Fuzzy Polar

As is a derivative multiplier parameter that represents a large degree of sensitivity of the resulting control
signal. Mathematically, the parameters of the Fuzzy Polar can be obtained by the following equation:
p(k)=[Zs(k), AsZa(k)]
D(k)=(Zs(k)2+AsZa(k)2)
(k)=tan-1(AsZa(k)/ Zs(k))
where,

p(k)
Zs(k)
AsZa(k)
D(k)
(k)

(3.1)
(3.2)
(3.3)

= input in the polar axis

= Horizontal input in the polar axis
= Vertical input in the polar axis
= Magnitude of input in the polar axis
= Angle input in the polar axis

In Figure 3.1., Sector "A" represents the output control signals which are positive and the B sector output
control is represent negative signal. Determination of the control signal magnitude is influenced two parameters:
D(k) and (k) and so we need two rule base. Put simply, this rule base can be represented in the membership
function as depicted in Figure 3.3.

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Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3909-3917

grade
N( )

1
0

= 90

P( )

90 135 180
270 315
[ degree ]

360

grade
G(D(k))

Dr

Amplitude D(k)

Figure 3.3. Membership Function Angle and Amplitude Fuzzy Polar

Defuzzyfication in fuzzy polar can be explained by mathematical equations such as (3.4)

where,

U(k)= G(D(k)).[N((k))-P((k))].Umax
U(k)
G(D(k))
N((k))
P((k))
Umax

(3.4)

= Value of fuzzy control polar

= Value of membership function amplitude
= Value of the first membership function of the angle
= Membership value of the second function of the angle
= Maximum value of the control signal

With Umax is a constraint, which limits the maximum allowed control signal to fix the input signal.
4. Simulation
On Fuzzy Polar method required the determination of some parameters, Umax and As. Umax value can be
known using equation (4.1). To get the value of Umax, given the disruption of distribution systems with three
phase impedance large enough so that the voltage sags 0% occur. Voltage sags 0% means that the voltage
distribution lines in the event of disruption is Vrms = 0 Volt and requires an injection to recover the value of this
condition. Large value when the condition of injections given 0% voltage sags is the largest injection when an
interruption occurs and represents the maximum control value for the injection.
Umax= 1 / ( G(D(k)).[N((k))-P((k))] )

(4.1)

Figure 4.1. System power distribution with voltage sags 0%

To get the value of Umax, it is simulated by giving a three phase short circuit that resulted in voltage sags 0%
as depicted in Figure 4.1. Simulation is done by time sampling = 10 -6, during the 0.02 seconds and the
interruption given at 0.001 to 0.01 seconds. To obtain the required parameters, the data taken at 0.00785 seconds
and was chosen As = 0:19.

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Figure 4.2. Error signal in system power distribution with 3 phase short circuit disturbance on coordinate dq0

Based on the simulation results are shown in Figure 4.2. It is known that a large error signal from
comparison with the reference signal sensing during the disturbance, the axis d = 1, q = 0 axis and the axis 0 = 0.
With this situation, it is known that the maximum required control signal = 1 pu at d-axis to recover the
maximum voltage sags or 0%. From simulation, shown that the error signal on each axis in the coordinate dq0
that have changed the parameters into two polar areas Za and Zs, can be seen that the result of changes in polar
areas indicates that the error signal appears only in the field of polar axis-d and another axis didnt have any
magnitude same as before converted in polar form. Signals from the three axis d, q and 0 will be input into the
fuzzy rule base separately to obtain the required control signals.
Simulation result that shown on Table 4.1., obtained the results of the output of the fuzzy rule base in polar
form, Parameters in the d-axis component can be used to obtain the value of Umax-d because signal control only
appear in d-axis for full restoration on voltage sagas 0%. Using equation (4.1), obtained Umax = 4,18
Table 4.1. d-axis parameters

Parameters
G(D(k)d)
N((k)d)
P((k)d)

Value
1
0,6196
0,3804

The simulation is repeated again by giving a phase asymmetry of ground disturbance and the result is
shown in Figure 4.3. From the pictures can be seen that the amplitude of the d-axis control signal, q, and 0 is the
same. Thus we can conclude that the value of Umax for the third axis is the same.

Figure 4.3. Signal control of voltage restorer with 1 phasa short circuit to ground disturbance

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Vol. 2(8), 2010, 3909-3917
5. Result and Conclusion
In this study, the power line distribution are given short circuit 3 phase, 2 phase, 2 phase ground, and the 1
phase ground. Given large disturbance varied causing voltage sags 30%, 50% and 70%. Figure 5.1 to 5.4 shows
recovery performance by the control voltage regulator for the recovery of voltage sags 50% in various
disturbances. From the simulation results as shown in Table 5.1 can be seen that the recovery voltage sags using
a voltage regulator control Fuzzy Polar method is able to recover voltages profile up to 100%, average recovery
is 99.83% and the lowest error is 0.17% for overall recovery.
Table 5.1. Restoration performance using proposed DVR

Study Case
Voltage
Sags
Restoration

3F

2F

2FG

1FG

70%

50%

30%

70%

50%

30%

70%

50%

30%

70%

50%

30%

100%

100%

100%

100%

99%

100%

100%

100%

100%

99%

100%

100%

Figure 5.1. Voltage sags 50% restoration for 1 phase to ground short circuit disturbance using voltage regulator with Fuzzy Polar control
method in pu

Figure 5.2. Voltage sags 50% restoration for 2 phase short circuit disturbance using voltage regulator with Fuzzy Polar control method in pu

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Figure 5.3. Voltage sags 50% restoration for 2 phase to ground short circuit disturbance using voltage regulator with Fuzzy Polar control
method in pu

Figure 5.4. Voltage sags 50% restoration for 3 phase short circuit disturbance using voltage regulator with Fuzzy Polar control method in pu

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[1]

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