Electromechanical Systems Simulator

(ESS) Documentation

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ESS Documentation
ESS Documentation (Turkish)
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Electrical Control Techniques Simulator (EKTS)

About
Using Simulator

User interface

Working with files

Design Command Circuit

Motor Circuit Types

Working with Motor Circuits

Run Designed Circuit

Print Circuit

Electromechanical Systems Simulator Examples

Program history
Info

About
Electromechanical Systems Simulator (ESS) is used to design and
analyse electromechanical control Systems. These systems are highly used
in industry to control processes machines. Also there is a course which
studied at collages, universities and technical schools related with
electromechanical control systems.

Simulator is a program that behaves like a real system giving all responses
of it. This simulator is developed for designing electromechanical systems,
testing them and monitoring their behaviours.

Using Simulator
User interface
Simulator have very simple interface. All buttons located at the top of the
program. (Figure 1)

Figure 1: User interface

The work space is constructed in grid form so that drawing can be made
more easily and smoothly. It contains of two red lines which represents
electrical fuse and neutral fuse. Circuit is drawn between these lines inform
of ladder diagram.

Working with files

There are simple tasks to handle with files like opening a new file, opening
an existing file and saving modified file.
To open a new file simply click on

New file button located at the tool bar

or from menu combination File -> New .

To open an existing file click on

Open File button or access open file

dialog window from File ->Open menu. On dialog window find file to open
and click Open button.

Before opening any file program prompts to save changes made on an

existing file if there are such.
To save file click on

Save button or click on File -> Save File menu. For

saving file with different name click on File -> Save as menu. On opened
dialog window write file name you wish to give to file and click Save button.

Design command circuit

Circuit components and their symbols
Contactor
Normally opened contact
Normally closed contact
Start button
Stop button
Jog button
Limit switch
Time relay (on delay)
Time relay (off delay)
Lamp
To design a command circuit you need add components and connect them
properly. To add component simply click on component you wish to add and
drag it to its desired position and click again to release component. Once
component added you can easily move it by dragging pressed on it and
releasing in desired position.
To give appropriate name for component click on the label located at the
top of component and type new name on it. All components must be named
for running circuit. Name for open and closed contactors is selected among
contactors and time relays. Therefore contactors and time relays must be
named before. Time relays have their timer located at the bottom of
component. To set timer, click on timer and type new value.

To change colour of lamp right click on lamp and select new

colour.

To draw a connection line between two components move your mouse

pointer to connection point of component. When connection point appears
press left button of mouse on that point and drag your mouse to other
connection point, line or node. When connection point appears release
mouse button. While drawing line it will appear as blue thick line. When
connection made line will be converted to black otherwise it will remain as
blue. Once connection line drawn you can easily move it by dragging
pressed on it and releasing in desired position.
To delete any component or line select it by pressing CTRL key. You can
select many components and lines while pressing CRTL key. Selected
components will appear in frame and lines will be converted to red. When
you select component, lines connected to that component also will be
selected. After selecting click on

Delete button at tool bar or

press delete key on keyboard. To deselect components click on any

component without pressing CTRL key.

Motor Circuit Types

There are 9 selected motor circuit types that mostly used in
laboratory.
One phase induction motor with manual switch

One phase induction motor with automatic switch

Three phase induction motor

Three phase induction motor with reversing direction circuit.

Star-delta controlled three phase induction motor

Motor circuit with single resistance starter

Motor circuit with double resistance starter

Three phase induction motor with dynamic brake circuit

Working with Motor Circuits

Simulator has some predefined motor circuit types. You can easily add them
to your project. To add motor circuit click on
tool bar

Motor Circuit button on

. Also it is possible to access motor circuit from View -> Motor

Circuit menu. When motor circuit window opened select motor circuit
which you want to add to your project from Motor Options panel
Selected motor circuit will appear on motor circuit window
the top

and its title at

. Select appropriate relays for contactors from combo boxes

on

motor options panel. Click Ok button

cancel them click Cancel button

to save changes on motor circuit. To

. If Motor Options panel is hidden,

use Show/Hide button to make it visible

. You can move Motor circuit

window by pressing and drugging its outer frame

click on Motor Circuit button located on tool bar

. To hide motor circuit

.

Run Designed Circuit

To run designed circuit click on

Run button located on toolbar. If there is

any problem with circuit program will alert error message. You have to
correct errors to run the circuit properly. While program is in run mode you
can control circuit by pressing on start / stop buttons or directly
onrelays using mouse pointer. To leave buttons remaining pressed, right
click on them and click again for releasing. In run mode active lines showed
by pink and active elements by red colour. Rotation of motor can be learned
by green point on motor circuit. To stop project click on

Print circuit

Stop button.

To print designed circuit, click on

Print button. Print preview

dialog window will appear. There you can adjust paper position and
locations of command and motor circuits on paper. To specify paper
position, select landscape or portrait position from right side menu. To move
command or motor circuit simply drag and drop them on desired position.
Also it is possible to save print outs as image in BMP format.

Electromechanical Systems Simulator Examples

1. Button lock circuit.

This circuit shows how to use relay contact to lock button position. When
"START" button pressed "M" relay activates and motor starts to rotate. At
the same time one contact of relay "M" locks start button so that current
continue to pass through relay "M". Stop button is used to cut the energy
from relay "M", which will cut energy from motor.
2. Remote control circuit

This circuit is used to control motor from different locations. All stop buttons
connected serially and start buttons connected parallel to each other. We
can start and stop motor by using any start and stop buttons from any
location.
3. Starter circuit for one phase Asynchronous Motor

This circuit is used to start one phase asynchronous motor. By pressing start
button "A" and "M" relays activated and motor starts to rotate. At the same
time, timer "ZR" activates and starts to count. When timer finishes
counting, relay "A" is cut off energy by the contactor of time relay and
motor continues to rotate without auxiliary winding.
4. Motor Starter circuit with single resistance

When the stator windings of an induction motor are connected directly to its
3-phase supply, a very large current (5-8 times full load current) flows
initially. This surge current reduces as the motor accelerates up to its
running speed. When very large motors are started direct-on-line they
cause a disturbance of voltage (voltage dip) on the supply lines due to the

large starting current surge. This voltage disturbance may result in the
malfunction of other electrical equipment connected to the supply. To limit
the starting current some large induction motors are started at reduced
voltage and then have the full supply voltage reconnected when they have
run up to near rated speed.
This circuit is used to start high power induction motors. When we click on
start button "M" relay and "ZR" time relay activated. Contactors of relay "M"
connect motor to 3 phase power supply and auxiliary contact used to keep
relay in power. Motor voltage is reduced by resistances serially connected to
motor. Time relay "ZR" starts to count down. When time relay finishes
counting, relay "A" is activated by contactor of time relay. Contactors of
relay "A" bypass resistances used in motor circuit and motor continues
rotating with full supply voltage. Timer of time relay "ZR" must be arranged
to count until motor gets to rated speed. Button Stop is used to cut power
off from motor and all relays used in command circuit.
5. Motor starter circuit with double resistance

High power motors always need starter circuit for starting to work. When we
click on start button motor starts to work with low voltage because of usage

of two resistances. First timer starts to count to specified time. When timer
finishes counting relay "A" activates which used to bypass first resistance in
motor circuit and starts second timer. When second timer finishes counting
relay "B" activates and both resistances bypassed in motor circuit.
6. Star- Delta starter circuit

This circuit is used to start motor working using star connection for some
period and then switch to delta connection. This method is used to start
high power motors. When we click on "START" button, "A" relay is activated
and its contact activates relay "M", which connects motor to power supply.
Other contacts of relay "A" connect motor windings in star connection.
Motor starts rotate using low voltage. Time relay "ZR" is also activated by
"START" button. When time relay finishes counting its normally closed
contact activates and relay "A" is deactivated, which activates relay "B".
Relay "B" converts motor connection type to delta. Auxiliary contact of relay
"B" deactivates time relay "ZR". When we click on "STOP" button all relays
deactivated and motor circuit cut off power supply.
7. Changing rotation direction with protection lock

We have two buttons to rotate motor in separate directions. "ILERI" button

activates Relay "I" which rotates motor in forward direction and "GERI"
button activates relay "G" which rotates motor in backward direction. At the
same time button "ILERI" is used to cut energy from relay "G", in case it was
activated, before activating relay "I". This is preventing from short circuit in
motor circuit. Button "GERI" is also used in the same way. Button "STOP" is
used to cut energy from both relays "I" and "G", which cuts energy from
motor.
8. Changing rotation direction with electric lock

To rotate motor in selected direction press "ILERI" or "GERI" buttons. While

motor is rotating in one direction it is electrically impossible to rotate it in
another direction without stopping it. If you try to change direction of
rotation while it is rotating in one direction Command circuit will not
activate related relay because of security contact. For example we start
rotate motor in forward direction by pressing "ILERI" button. Relay "I" is
activated and motor starts to rotate. Normally closed contact of relay "I"
located before relay "G" will prevent activation of relay "G". Therefore we
have to stop motor by clicking "STOP" button and deactivate active relay "I"
in case to rotate motor in reverse direction.
9. Dynamic forced braking

When we cut off energy from motor it doesn't stop immediately. It continues
rotating while it looses its kinetic energy. To stop motor immediately
dynamic barking circuit is used.
In command circuit when we click on start button relay "M" and inverse
time relay "ZR" is activated. Motor connected to power supply by contacts
of relay "M". When we click "STOP" button relay "M" and inverse time relay
"ZR" is deactivated. Motor cut off energy. Counter of inverse time relay
starts to count down. Contact of inverse time relay "ZR" is remaining active
while counter counts down. It activates relay "F" which connects motor to
braking circuit. When inverse time relay finishes counting, its contact
became inactive, that deactivates relay "F". Motor is cut off braking power
supply and remains fully sopped.

10. Optional dynamic braking

This circuit have optional dynamic braking button "FREN". Start motor
rotation by pressing "START" button. To stop it we have two choices. First by
pressing "FREN" button which will cut main power and apply braking circuit
to motor for short period. Second by pressing "STOP" button which will just
cut power from motor circuit.
11. Continuous and Discontinuous working motor circuit

This circuit explains how control motor for continuous or discontinuous

working. By pressing "START" button we make motor work continuously.
Relay "M" is used to rotate motor and lock start button. By pressing "KS.CL"
button we use relay "M" just for rotating motor. When we release "KS.CL"

button "M" relay energy will be cut off and motor will stop. "STOP" button is
used to stop motor in continuous working mode.

Program history
8 January 2005
Renewed name of the program from "Sequential Control Simulator" to
"Electromechanical Systems Simulator"
Added future prompting to save changes before opening other file or
closing program.
Program interface and Help file converted to Turkish language
Added tutorial for getting started easily
Setup file created
Some bugs in motor circuit corrected
June 2002
Electromechanical Systems Simulator was developed and presented
as Graduation Project from Technical Education Faculty at Marmara
University .
Programs first release.

Info
Supervised by
Hasan ERDAL
Department of Control Education, Marmara University , Istanbul, Turkiye
E-mail: herdal { at } marmara.edu.tr

Programmed and developed by

Vepa Halliyev
E-mail: vepa_hall { at } yahoo.com

Simulator was published as Graduation project.

Publication name: ELEKTRK KUMANDA TEKNKLER DERS SIMULATR
PROGRAMI TASARIMI
Publication date: 2002

Place: Marmara University , Technical Education Faculty, department of

Computer and Control Technologies, Istanbul , Turkiye.
Web: www.marmara.edu.tr

Official site: veppa.com