SN009 - Effective Lengths and Destabilizing Load Parameters For Beams and Cantilevers PDF

NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers - common cases
NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers
- common cases
SN009a-EN-EU
NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters

for beams and cantilevers - common cases
This NCCI presents values for the effective length parameter k and the destabilizing
parameter D for beams and cantilevers with or without intermediate lateral restraints, for
use with NCCI document SN002.
Created on Thursday, May 30, 2013

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
Contents
1.
General
2.
Destabilizing load condition
3.
Simple beams without intermediate restraint
4.
Simple beams with intermediate lateral restraint
5.
Cantilevers without intermediate restraints
6.
Cantilevers with intermediate lateral restraints
Page 1
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SN009a-EN-EU
1.
General
The general expression for non-dimensional slenderness, LT is given by:

LT
LT
Wy. f y
Mcr
1
C1
which, as shown in SN002, may also be expressed as:
UVD z w
Where
D

z =
is a parameter to allow for the effect of destabilising loads

z
1
and
z
L
kL
in which
iz
for a beam is the distance between points of restraint to the compression flange
for a cantilever is the length of the cantilever
is the effective length parameter dependant on the restraint conditions at the supports
and
expressions for the other parameters are given in SN002.
2.
Destabilizing load condition
The destabilizing load condition should be taken into account where a load is applied to the
top flange of a beam or cantilever, and both the load and the flange are free to deflect laterally
and relative to the shear centre of the cross section (i.e. rotational movements).
3.
Simple beams without intermediate restraint
The effective length parameter, k for lateral-torsional buckling of a simple beam with
restraints at the ends only, may be obtained from Table 4.1. If the restraint conditions at each
end differ, the mean value of k should be taken.
For the destabilizing load condition, the destabilizing parameter D should be taken as 1,2
otherwise D should be taken as 1,0.
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SN009a-EN-EU
The conditions of restraint against rotation on plan of flanges at member supports should be
assessed taking into account the stiffness of the connections as well as the stiffness of the
supporting members or other construction supplying restraint at the supports.
4.
Simple beams with intermediate lateral restraint
The effective length parameter, k, for lateral torsional buckling of a simple beam with
intermediate restraints should be taken as 1,0.
For the destabilizing load condition, the destabilizing parameter D should be taken as 1,2
otherwise D should be taken as 1.0.

For the segment between a support and the adjacent intermediate lateral restraint, account
should be taken of the restraint conditions at the support. The effective length parameter k
should be taken as the mean of the value given above and the value given by Table 4.1 for the
restraint conditions at the support.
Table 4.1
Effective length parameter, k

Conditions of restraint at supports
Compression flange
laterally restrained.
Nominal torsional restraint
against rotation about
longitudinal axis.
Both flanges fully restrained against rotation

on plan.
0,7
Compression flange fully restrained against

rotation on plan.
0,75
Both flanges partially restrained against

rotation on plan.
0,8
Compression flange partially restrained

against rotation on plan.
0,85
Both flanges free to rotate on plan.
1,0
Page 3
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SN009a-EN-EU
5.
Cantilevers without intermediate restraints
The effective length parameter k for lateral-torsional buckling of a cantilever with moment
continuity, lateral and torsional restraint at the support (the common case) and with no
intermediate lateral restraint may be obtained from Table 6.1.
For all other support conditions k and D should be obtained from Annex A and L should be
taken as the length of the cantilever. For the destabilizing load condition, k and D should be
obtained from Annex A and L should be taken as the length of the cantilever, unless the top
flange also has intermediate restraints.
If a bending moment is applied at its tip the effective length parameter k from Table 6.1 or
Annex A should be increased by 30% or by 0.3, whichever is the greater.

6.
Cantilevers with intermediate lateral restraints
Provided that the end restraint conditions correspond with Table 6.1 and the load is not
destabilising, the effective length parameter k for lateral torsional buckling of a cantilever
with intermediate restraints to its compression flange should be taken as 1.0, and L should be
taken as the length of the relevant segment between adjacent lateral restraints.
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SN009a-EN-EU

Table 6.1
Effective length parameter k and destabilizing parameter D for a cantilever without

intermediate restraint, with effective restraint at the support.
Restraint to cantilever tips
1) Free
1,0
2,5
2) Lateral restraint to top flange
0,9
2,8
3) Torsional restraint
0,8
1,9
4) Internal and torsional restraint
0,7
1,7
Examples of restraints to cantilever supports, all providing effective moment continuity and lateral and
torsional restraint
Cantilevered beam continuous over supporting beam,
with lateral and torsional restraint.
Discontinuous cantilever, at same level as continuous

supporting beam
Cantilever supported from flange of column
Page 5
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SN009a-EN-EU
Annex A: Effective length parameter k and destabilising D for cantilevers without intermediate
restraint, for a range of restraints at the support.
Restraint conditions
At support
At tip
a) Continuous, with lateral

restraint to top flange
1) Free
2) Lateral restraint to
top flange
4) Lateral and torsional
restraint
3,0
2,7
2,5
2,8
2,4
2,1
1,9
1,7
1) Free
top flange
restraint
2,0
1,8
2,5
2,8
1,9
1,7
1) Free
top flange
restraint
1,0
0,9
2,5
2,8
0,8
0,7
1,9
1,7
1) Free
top flange
restraint
0,8
0,7
1,75
2,0
0,6
0,5
1,0
1,0

b) Continuous, with partial

torsional restraint
1,6
1,4
c) Continuous, with lateral

and torsional restraint
d) Restrained laterally,
torsionally and against
rotation on plan
Tip restraint conditions

1) Free
(not braced on plan)
top flange

restraint
(braced on plan in at
least one bay)
(not braced on plan)
(braced on plan in at least

one bay)
Page 6
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SN009a-EN-EU
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE
NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams

and cantilevers - common cases
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name
Company
Date
Created by
James Way
The Steel Construction

Institute
22/4/05
Technical content checked by
Charles King
The Steel Construction

Institute
11/5/05
1. UK
G W Owens
SCI
7/7/05
2. France
A Bureau
CTICM
17/8/05
3. Sweden
A Olsson
SBI
8/8/05
4. Germany
C Muller
RWTH
10/8/05
5. Spain
J Chica
Labein
12/8/05
G W Owens
SCI
25/4/06
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Resource approved by Technical

Coordinator
TRANSLATED DOCUMENT
This Translation made and checked by:
Translated resource approved by:
Corrigendum 26/02/08
Reference to SN002 corrected
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NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams and cantilevers - common cases

NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters

Created on Thursday, May 30, 2013

Destabilizing load condition

Simple beams without intermediate restraint

Simple beams with intermediate lateral restraint

Cantilevers without intermediate restraints

Cantilevers with intermediate lateral restraints

The general expression for non-dimensional slenderness, LT is given by:

which, as shown in SN002, may also be expressed as:

Created on Thursday, May 30, 2013

is a parameter to allow for the effect of destabilising loads

expressions for the other parameters are given in SN002.

Destabilizing load condition

Simple beams without intermediate restraint

Simple beams with intermediate lateral restraint

Created on Thursday, May 30, 2013

Effective length parameter, k

Both flanges fully restrained against rotation

Compression flange fully restrained against

Both flanges partially restrained against

Compression flange partially restrained

Both flanges free to rotate on plan.

Cantilevers without intermediate restraints

Created on Thursday, May 30, 2013

Cantilevers with intermediate lateral restraints

Created on Thursday, May 30, 2013

Effective length parameter k and destabilizing parameter D for a cantilever without

Restraint to cantilever tips

2) Lateral restraint to top flange

4) Internal and torsional restraint

Discontinuous cantilever, at same level as continuous

Cantilever supported from flange of column

a) Continuous, with lateral

Created on Thursday, May 30, 2013

b) Continuous, with partial

c) Continuous, with lateral

Tip restraint conditions

4) Lateral and torsional

(not braced on plan)

(braced on plan in at least

NCCI: Effective lengths and destabilizing load parameters for beams

The Steel Construction

Technical content checked by

The Steel Construction

Editorial content checked by

Created on Thursday, May 30, 2013

Technical content endorsed by the

Resource approved by Technical

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