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Titre : Elasticit anisotrope

Responsable : Jean-Michel PROIX
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Anisotropic elasticity
Rsum
This document treats anisotropic elasticity, used for the modelizations of continuums 3D and 2D (C_PLAN,
D_PLAN, AXIS), or the layers of the composite shells.
The springy medium can be anisotropic according to the 3 directions (orthotropic elasticity is spoken), or in
isotropic in two directions (one speaks about transverse isotropic elasticity).
Warning : The translation process used on this website is a "Machine Translation". It may be imprecise and inaccurate in whole or in part
and is provided as a convenience.
Licensed under the terms of the GNU FDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)
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Contents
1 Introduction........................................................................................................................... 3
2 Topologie of the matrixes of Hooke...................................................................................... 3.2.1
transverse............................................................................................................................. orthotropy
3.2.2 Isotropy........................................................................................................................ 4.2.3
Isotropy ................................................................................................................................ 4
3 Matrix of Hooke and flexibility............................................................................................... 4.3.1
Notations.............................................................................................................................. 4.3.2
Cas 3D.................................................................................................................................
6.3.2.1 0rthotropie.......................................................................................................... 6
3.2.1.1 Stamp flexibility......................................................................................... 6
3.2.1.2 Matrice of Hooke.......................................................................................
6.3.2.2 Isotropy transverse............................................................................................. 7
3.2.2.1 Matrice flexibility........................................................................................ 7
3.2.2.2 Matrice of Hooke.......................................................................................
8.3.2.3 lasticit cubic....................................................................................................
9.3.2.4 Isotropy .............................................................................................................. 10
3.2.4.1 Matrice flexibility according to E and ..................................................... 10
3.2.4.2 Matrice of Hooke according to E and .................................................... 10
3.2.4.3 Matrice flexibility according to the coefficients of Lam and ............... 11
3.2.4.4 Matrice of Hooke according to the coefficients of Lam and .............. 11.3.3
orthotropic in plane strains and axisymmetric Cas 2D..........................................................
11.3.3.1 Matrix of flexibility.............................................................................................
11.3.3.2 Matrice of Hooke.............................................................................................. 12.3.4
Cas 2D orthotropic in plane stresses....................................................................................
12.3.4.1 Matrice flexibility...............................................................................................
12.3.4.2 Matrice of Hooke.............................................................................................. 12
4 Utilisation in Code_Aster ...................................................................................................... 13
5 Bibliographie......................................................................................................................... 14
6 Description of the versions of the document......................................................................... 14
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Introduction
the objective of this document is to give the form of the matrixes of flexibility and Hooke for elastic
materials orthotropic, isotropic transverse and isotropic in the cases 3D, 2D-forced, 2D - plane strains
and axisymetry.
We speak about matrixes of Hooke because, by preoccupation with a simplification, we did not adopt
the notation of a tensor of order 4.
In any rigour, for the linear elastic materials, the stresses are linear functions of the strains.
One writes: ij = H ijkl kl
The symmetric nature of
make it possible to write:
{ }
and
[]
the adoption for these tensors of order 2 of a vectorial form
{ }= [ H ] { }
where { } and [ ] are the vectorial representation of the tensors of order 2
[ H ] is a matrix 66 .
Topology of the matrixes of Hooke
2.1
the orthotropy
One can show the symmetry of the matrix of Hooke
{ }
and
[]
where
[H] .
We thus have twenty and one independent components in case 3D.
[ H ]=
H 11
H 12
H 22
H 13
H 23
H 33
SYM
H 14
H 24
H 34
H 44
H 15
H 25
H 35
H 45
H 55
H 16
H 26
H 36
H 46
H 56
H 66
An orthotropic material has two orthogonal planes of elastic symmetry.

This wants to say that if one calls
[ H ' ] =[ H ] .
[H ']
the matrix
[H]
after symmetry (S)
The relations obtained between the coefficients make it possible to write that
independent components.
[H]
is defined by nine
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In the axes of orthotropy:
[ H ]=
H 11
H 12
H 22
H 13
H 23
H 33
SYM
0
0
0
H 44
0
0
0
0
H 55
0
0
0
0
0
H 66
9 coefficients thus should be provided.
2.2
Transverse isotropy
the transverse isotropy is a restriction of the orthotropy in where one has the isotropy in one of the two
orthogonal planes of elastic symmetry.
The matrix [ H ] will have the same form as for the orthotropy but with additional relations between the
components.
Five components are enough to determine [ H ] .
2.3
Isotropy
the material is isotropic if
[H]
remains invariant in any change of reference.
Two coefficients are enough to determine
[H] .
Stamp of Hooke and from flexibility
3.1
Notations
Au lieu d' to use indices 1.2 and 3 to identify the axes, one will use the corresponding indices
and N :
1.
2.
3.
L, T
L for longitudinal
T for transverse
N for normal
T
N
L
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Les coefficients which intervene are the following:

Key
word
E_L
E_T
E_N
G_LT
G_TN
G_LN
NU_LT
NU_TN
NU_LN
Notation
meaning
EL
ET
EN
G LT
GTN
G LN
LT
TN
LN
longitudinal Modulus Young

transverse Modulus Young
normal Modulus Young
L ,T
Shear modulus in plane T , N
Shear modulus in plane L , N
Poisson's ratio in plane L ,T
Poisson's ratio in plane T , N
Shear modulus in plane
Poisson's ratio in the Remarque
L , N
plane very important:
LT is different from TL :
If one applies a tension according to
LL =
LL
(Hookes law according to a direction).
EL
This tension is accompanied, proportionally, of a contraction according to

and of a contraction according to
N , LN .
T , LT .
LL
EL
LL
.
EL
The first index indicates the axis where the effect of the loading is exerted and the second index
indicates the direction of the loading.
Then one exerts a tension according to
T , then a tension according to N ; one obtains:
LL
TL TT NL NN
EL
ET
EN
TT = LT LL TT NT NN S
E L ET
EN
LL
TT NN
NN = LN
TN
EL
ET E N
LL=
The matrix of flexibility [ H ]
being symmetric; one of deducted:
LT TL
=
EL ET
LN NL
=
EL EN
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TN NT
=
ET E N
3.2
Case 3D
3.2.1
0rthotropie
3.2.1.1 Matrix of flexibility
[]
LL
TT
NN
2 LT
2 LN
2 TN
[ ]
1
EL
LT
EL
LN
= EL
TL
ET
1
ET
TN
ET
NL
EN
NT
EN
1
EN
1
G LT
1
G LN
SYM
[]
LL
TT
NN
LT
LN
TN
1
GTN
[ H ] 1
- Orthotropy
3.2.1.2 Stamps of Hooke
[][
LL
LL
NN
LT
LN
TN
1 TN NT
ET E N
LT LN NT
ELEN
1
=
LN LT . TN
E L . ET
TL NL TN
NL TL NT
ET . E N
1 NL LN
EL. EN
TN TL . LN
E L . ET
ET . E N
NT NL . LT
E L. EN
1 LT . TL
E L. ET
GLT
0
GLN
0
0
GTN
SYM
[H]
[] ]
LL
TT
NN
2 LT
2 LN
2TN
- Orthotropy with:
TL LT NL LN NT TN
=
;
=
;
=
ET E L E N E L EN ET
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1
=
3.2.2
E L ET E N

1 TN NT
NL LN
LT TL
2 TN NL LT
Transverse isotropy
3.2.2.1 Matrice flexibility

N
L
the matrix
[ H ] 1
can be deducted directly of the matrix
the transverse isotropy. In the plane
[ H ] 1
- Orthotropy by using the properties of
L ,T :
E L =E T
TL = LT
EL
G LT =
2 1 LT
In the planes
L , N and T , N :
NT = NL
LN = TN
GTN =G LN
N
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[]
LL
TT
NN
2 LT
2 LN
2TN
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E L =E T
LT = TL
EL
G LT =
2 1 LT
NT = NL
LN = TN
GTN =G LN
NT LN
=
EN EL
1
EL
TL
EL
LN
= EL
LT
EL
1
EL
TN
EL
NL
EN
NT
EN
1
EN
2 1 LT
EL
1
G LN
SYM
1
GTN
[ H ] 1
[]
LL
TT
NN
LT
LN
TN
- Transverse Isotropy
3.2.2.2 Matrice of Hooke

the matrix
[H]
has same symmetries as
[ H ] 1
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1 NL . LN
E L. E N
TL NL LN
E L. E N
1 LT . LN
= ' LN
E 2L
[]
LL
TT
NN
LT
LN
TN
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LT NL LN
E L . EN
1 NL . LN
E L . EN
TN LT . TN
NL LT NL
E L . EN
LN LT LN
E L . EN
1 2LT
E 2L
E 2L
EL . '
2 1 LT
G LN . '
G LN . '
[]
LL
TT
NN
2 LT
2 LN
2TN
- Transverse Isotropy
[H]
E 2L . E N
1
=
' 12 . 2
NL LN
LT
2 NL LN LT
3.2.3
cubic lasticit
cubic elasticity corresponds to a matrix of elasticity of the form :
y 1111 y 1122
y 1122 y 1111
y 1122 y 1122
y 1122
y 1122
y 1111
y 1212
y 1212
y1212
Being given cubic symmetry, it remains to determine 3 coefficients:
E L= E N = ET = E , G LT =G LN =GTN =G , LN = LT = LN =
To reproduce cubic elasticity with ELAS_ORTH, it is enough to calculate the coefficients of the
orthotropy such that the matrix of elasticity obtained is form above:
E 1 2
13 22 3
E 1
y 1122=
13 22 3
y 1212=G LT =G LN =G TN
y 1111=
therefore, as long as
13 2 2 3 0 (i.e. different from 0.5).
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1
2
3
=
y1122
y 1111 then E= y 1111 13 2

what provides
=
2
1
y1111 1
1
y 1122
3.2.4
Isotropie
3.2.4.1 Stamps flexibility according to
[]
LL
TT
NN
=
2 LT
2 LN
2 TN
1
E
E
1
E
E and
E
1
E
1 21
=
G
E
1 2 1
=
G
E
SYM
1 2 1
=
G
E
[ H ] 1
3.2.4.2 Matrice of Hooke according to
[] [
LL
TT
NN
LT =
E
1 12
[]
LL
TT
NN
LT
LN
TN
- complete Isotropy
E and
SYM
0
0
0
12
2
LN
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
2
0
12
2
TN
[H]
][ ]
LL
TT
NN
2 LT
2 LN
2 TN
- complete Isotropy
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3.2.4.3 Matrice flexibility according to the coefficients of Lam and

the Hookes law takes the following form with the coefficients of Lam and .
ij = kk ij 2 ij
By using system of equations (S), one obtains:
[] [
LL
EL
TT
1
LT . E L
=
NN 1 LT . TL
0
0
LT
[H]
TL . E T
ET
0
0
][ ]
LL
0
0
TT
0
0
NN
0
0
0 G LT 2 LT
- Plane Orthotropy in plane stresses
3.2.4.4 Stamps of Hooke according to the coefficients of Lam and
[ ][
LL
2
TT
NN
=
LN
LT
TN
[H]
SYM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
][ ]
0 LL
0 TT
0 NN
0 2 LN
0 2 LT
2
TN
- complete Isotropy with the coefficients of Lam
3.3
Cas 2D orthotropic in plane strains and axisymmetric
3.3.1
Matrice of flexibility
[ ][
LL
TT
0
2 LT
[ H ] 1
1
EL
LT
= EL
0
0
TL
ET
1
ET
0
NL
EN
NL
EN
0
0
0
0
1
G LT
][ ]
LL
TT
NN
LT
- plane Orthotropy in plane strains and Matrice
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3.3.2
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axisymetry of Hooke
ET E N
LT LN NT
1
=
EL EN
LN LT . TN
E L. ET
0
[]
LL
TT
NN
LT
1 TN NT
[H]
TL NL TN
NL TL NT
ET . E N
1 NL LN
E L . EN
TN TL . LN
E L. ET
0
ET . EN
NT NL . LT
E L. E N
1 LT . TL
EL . ET
0
0
0
0
GLT
[]
LL
TT
0
LT
- plane Orthotropy in plane strains and axisymetry
E L ET E N
1
=
1
TN NT
NL LN
LT TL
2 TN NL LT
3.4
orthotropic Cas 2D in Matrice
3.4.1
plane stresses flexibility
[ ][
LL
TT
NN
2 LT
1
EL
LT
= EL
0
[ H ] 1
3.4.2
TL
ET
1
ET
0
0
1
G LT
][ ]
LL
TT
NN
LT
- plane Orthotropy in Matrice
plane stresses of Hooke
[] [
LL
EL
1
TT =
LT E L
1
.
0
0
LT
TL
LT
0
[H]
TL E T
ET
0
0
0
0
0
0
][ ]
LL
0
TT
0
NN
0
G LT 2 LT
- Orthotropy in Utilisation
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plane stresses in Code_Aster

Dans Aster , the definition of the constant orthotropic elastic characteristics or functions of the
temperature are carried out by command DEFI_MATERIAU , key words ELAS_ORTH, ELAS_ISTR,
ELAS_ISTR_FO or ELAS_ORTH_FO for the isoparametric shell elements and solid elements or layers
constitutive of a composite (see command DEFI_COMPOSITE ).
To define the reference of orthotropy L ,T , N related to the elements, one can refer to
documentations [U4.42.03] DEFI_COMPOSITE and [U4.42.01] AFFE_CARA_ELEM .
N
L, T et N : directions d'orthotropie
longitudinale, trans vers ale et norm ale
/ELAS_ORTH
= _F
E_L = ygl
longitudinal Modulus Young.
E_T = ygt
transverse Modulus Young.
E_N = ygn
normal Modulus Young.
GL_T = glt
TN .
G_LN = gln Shear modulus in the plane LN .
NU_LT = nult Poisson's ratio in the plane LT .
NU_TN = nutn Poisson's ratio in the plane TN .
NU_LN = nuln Poisson's ratio in the plane LN .
G_TN = gtn
Shear modulus in the plane LT .

Shear modulus in the plane
Notice important:
The talk of this note of reference is based on the convention of the books of J.L.Batoz and D.Gay.
Documentation U of DEFI_MATERIAU describes these choices, and coefficient NU_LT is
interpreted in the following way in Aster:
if one exerts a tension according to the axis L giving place to a strain according to this axis
equalizes with
t = -nult *
L =
l
ygl
ygl
, one has a strain according to the axis
T equalizes with:
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Bibliography
1)
J.C. MASSON: Stamp of Hooke for the orthotropic materials, internal Rapport Applications in
Mechanics, n79-018, CiSi, 1979.
2)
D. GAY: Composites, Hermes Edition, 1987
3)
J.L. BATOZ, G. DHATT: Modelization of structures by finite elements, Volume 1, Edition

Hermes
Description of the versions of the document

Version Aster
6.4
8.4
Auteur (S)
Organisme (S)
A. ASSIRE,
EDF-R&D/AMA
A. ASSIRE, X.
PROIX
EDF-R&D/Tiny
Description of amendments
initial Texte
DESROCHES,
J.M. AMA Corrections

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Titre : Elasticit anisotrope

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 2/14

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 3/14

the adoption for these tensors of order 2 of a vectorial form

Topology of the matrixes of Hooke

We thus have twenty and one independent components in case 3D.

An orthotropic material has two orthogonal planes of elastic symmetry.

after symmetry (S)

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 4/14

In the axes of orthotropy:

9 coefficients thus should be provided.

remains invariant in any change of reference.

Two coefficients are enough to determine

Stamp of Hooke and from flexibility

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 5/14

Les coefficients which intervene are the following:

longitudinal Modulus Young

Poisson's ratio in the Remarque

plane very important:

This tension is accompanied, proportionally, of a contraction according to

T , then a tension according to N ; one obtains:

The matrix of flexibility [ H ]

being symmetric; one of deducted:

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 6/14

3.2.1.1 Matrix of flexibility

3.2.1.2 Stamps of Hooke

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 7/14

3.2.2.1 Matrice flexibility

can be deducted directly of the matrix

the transverse isotropy. In the plane

- Orthotropy by using the properties of

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 8/14

3.2.2.2 Matrice of Hooke

has same symmetries as

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 9/14

Being given cubic symmetry, it remains to determine 3 coefficients:

13 2 2 3 0 (i.e. different from 0.5).

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 10/14

y 1111 then E= y 1111 13 2

3.2.4.1 Stamps flexibility according to

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 11/14

3.2.4.3 Matrice flexibility according to the coefficients of Lam and

- Plane Orthotropy in plane stresses

3.2.4.4 Stamps of Hooke according to the coefficients of Lam and

- complete Isotropy with the coefficients of Lam

Cas 2D orthotropic in plane strains and axisymmetric

- plane Orthotropy in plane strains and Matrice

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 12/14

- plane Orthotropy in plane strains and axisymetry

orthotropic Cas 2D in Matrice

plane stresses flexibility

- plane Orthotropy in Matrice

plane stresses of Hooke

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 13/14

plane stresses in Code_Aster

longitudinal Modulus Young.

transverse Modulus Young.

normal Modulus Young.

Shear modulus in the plane LT .

, one has a strain according to the axis

Date : 02/02/2012 Page : 14/14

D. GAY: Composites, Hermes Edition, 1987

J.L. BATOZ, G. DHATT: Modelization of structures by finite elements, Volume 1, Edition