Quantitative Techniques

(Aptitude)
Er. Manit Choudhary
B.Tech Mechanical Engineering (2008-12)
M.E. Thermal Engineering (2013-15)

What is Aptitude?
An aptitude is a component of a competency
to do a certain kind of work at a certain level,
which can also be considered "talent".
Aptitudes may be physical or mental.
Aptitudes are natural talents, special abilities
for doing, or learning to do, certain kinds of
things easily and quickly.

Aptitude Includes:
Vedic Mathematics
Number Systems
Permutation and Combination
Partnership
Percentage and Average
Problem based on ages
Profit and Loss

Simple and Compound Interest

Allegation
Time, work and Wages
Pipes and Cisterns
Time and Distance
Problem on Train, Boats and Streams
Data Sufficiency and Data Analysis
Probability
Calendar and Clock
Number Series
Verbal, Non-verbal, Logical and Analytical
Reasoning

Trains Shortcut Methods

Points To Remember
Time taken by a train of length of L meters to pass a stationary pole
is equal to the time taken by train to cover L meters.
Time taken by a train of length of L meters to pass a stationary
object of length P meters is equal to the time taken by train to cover
(L + P) meters.
If two trains are moving in same direction and their speeds are x
km/h and y km/h (x > y) then their relative speed is (x y) km/h.
If two trains are moving in opposite direction and their speeds are x
km/h and y km/h then their relative speed is (x + y) km/h.
Unit Conversion

Some Shortcut Methods

Rule 1:
If two trains of p meters and q meters are moving in same direction
at the speed of x m/s and y m/s (x > y) respectively then time taken
by the faster train to overtake slower train is given by

Rule 2:
If two trains of p meters and q meters are moving in opposite
direction at the speed of x m/s and y m/s respectively then time
taken by trains to cross each other is given by

Percentage:Percentage Increase/Decrease:
If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in
consumption so as not to increase the expenditure is:

100
100 R
%

If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in consumption

so as not to decrease the expenditure is:
R

100
100 R
%

Results on Population:
Let the population of a town be P now and suppose it increases at the rate of
R% per annum, then:
n
R

P 1
1.
Population after n years =

2.

Population n years ago =

100

P
R

100

Results on Depreciation:
Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose it
depreciates at the rate of R% per annum. Then:

1.

Value of the machine after n years

2. Value of the machine n years ago =

P 1
= 100

P
R

100

Profit & Loss

IMPORTANT FACTS
Cost Price:
The price, at which an article is purchased, is called its cost price,
abbreviated as C.P.
Selling Price:
The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling prices, abbreviated
as S.P.
Profit or Gain:
If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have a profit or gain.
Loss:
If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller is said to have incurred a loss.

IMPORTANT FORMULAE
(a) Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.)
(b) Loss = (C.P.) - (S.P.)
(c) Loss or gain is always reckoned on C.P.
(d) Gain Percentage: (Gain %)
Gain 100
Gain % =

C.P.
(e) Loss Percentage: (Loss %)
Loss 100
Loss % =

C
.
P
.

(f) Selling Price: (S.P.)

100 Gain%

C
.
P
.

SP =

(g) Cost Price: (C.P.)

CP =

100

100

S
.
P
.
100 Gain%

OR

100 Loss %

C
.
P
.

100

OR

100

S
.
P
.
100 Loss%

Partnership:
When two or more than two persons run a business jointly, they are called
partners and the deal is known as partnership.
Ratio of Divisions of Gains:
When investments of all the partners are for the same time, the gain or
loss is distributed among the partners in the ratio of their investments.
Suppose A and B invest Rs. x and Rs. y respectively for a year in a
business, then at the end of the year:
(A's share of profit) : (B's share of profit) = x : y.

When investments are for different time periods, then equivalent

capitals are calculated for a unit of time by taking (capital x number of
units of time). Now gain or loss is divided in the ratio of these capitals.
Suppose A invests Rs. x for p months and B invests Rs. y for q months
then,
(A's share of profit) : (B's share of profit)= xp : yq.