Chapter4&associatedlectureonDurkheim

AHAMBURGERISA MIRACLEasymbolpointing totheastonishingcomplexityand

takenforgrantedness of our human interdependence and to the knowledge we share
collectivelywithoutevenrealizingit.
Durkheims(Functionalist)keyconcepts
collectiveconscience:thesetofsharedideas,beliefs,andvaluesofagroup.the
totality of beliefs and sentiments common to theaveragemembers ofasociety
thatformsadeterminatesystemwithalifeofitsown
division of labor: the degree to which production is specialized. it identifies the
extent to which production processes are broken down into their constituent
parts,includingdegreesofjobspecialization.
socialsolidarity
:thedegreeofinterconnectednessandstabilitywithinasociety.
Shiftingsocialintegration:
Mechanical solidarity (society functions like amachineinwhichpeopledosimilarthings
the way they have) simple D.O.L.=sametaskscollective conscience=same beliefs
consensualnorms=behaviors=HighSocialIntegrationlessanomie
Organic Solidarity
(society functions like aliving organism inwhichdifferent people do
different things while still recognizing their need for each other) complex
D.O.L.=different tasks individualism= different beliefs different norms= different
behaviors=LowerSocialIntegrationsmoreanomie
Bowling Alone (Putnam)>social capital the interdependentnetworks, shared sense
ofhowtoact,andtrustwehaveineachotherthathelpusachievemutualgoals.
Chapter5&associationonMarx
LABOR POWER + TREE= DESK work in the industrial world capitalism: an
economic system based on private property in which profitseeking individuals,
companies, or corporations compete on the marketplace. (THE WAY WEORGANIZE
PRODUCTIONDETERMINES HOWWE ORGANIZESOCIETY.)Laborpower:involves
the human capacity to produce or our ability totransform raw materials intoproducts.
Technological innovations means the seemingly nonstop invention of new tools and
techniquesusedinproduction.
Marxs(conflict)fivepresuppositions
humansmustproduce:mustestablish/constructrelationshipwithnaturethrough
production
productionmakesusuniquelyhuman
wepourourselvesintoourproducts
economydeterminessociety(theinfrastructuredeterminesthesuperstructure)
scarcity and distribution are obstacles to the good society. Scarcity: capitalism
andtechnological innovation. Distribution: capitalism andsocialrelationsMarx
calls the working class the
proletariat and the owning and ruling class the
bourgeoisie.
Alienation:separation from ourcommunity, from our fellow workers,fromthe products
we make, but most of all from our creative, dynamic, unique human capacity to
produce.
Marxs keyconcepts
: Humannatureandspeciesbeingcapitalism(usevalue
(sewing, hunting)/exchange value) Alienation (from productive activity, product,
fellowworkers,andownhumanpotential),

Epoch
: system of social relations built upon a particular level of technological
developmentthatprevailsduringaperiodinhistory.Marxidentified4epoch:
primitivecommunism: minimal technologysopeopledependedoneachotherfor
survival.
Feudalism:agricultureandprimaryassetisland
capitalism:rightofaristocracygivewaytorightsbuiltuponprivateproperty
communism:advancedtechnologicaldevelopment
Evolutionarymodel:...
Chapter6&associatedlecturetoWeber
Weber:conflict,socialtheorist,didcomparativeworkinchina,india,interestedinreligion
I THINK THEREFORE I DO weber says how we think shapes what we do. he
establishes a more general theory of social power that allows us to understand the
interrelationship amongeconomic,social, andorganizational resources.
keyideasfrom
weber:ProtestantEthic&theSpiritofCapitalism,Rationality,Bureaucracy.
Protestantethic&thespiritofcapitalism:
Q.
Whydid the industrial revolutiondevelopmostinEnglandandtheUnitedStates?
A
.In
part, because that is where the capitalist worker developed most.
Q
.Why did the
capitalist worker develop the most in England and the United States?
A
. In part,
because Protestants, especially Calvinists, make better capitalist workers than
Catholics.
The essence of the challenge
: To transform a person from one who
worksto live to one wholivestowork.
Calvinism:
Predestination=Anxiety.Material
evidence of Spiritual Status. Work as spiritual calling.
Rationality
:
Formal
Rationality = meansend calculation universally applied rules, laws, regulations.
Bureaucracy
= Formal rationalityembedded insocialinstitutions/societalstructure.
A bureaucracy has
: Hierarchy of authority.Impersonality.Written.rules of
conduct.Promotion based on achievement not nepotism.Specialized division of
labor.Efficiency.
A bureaucracy is Rational, meansend oriented,efficient.But...The
rationalcanbecomeirrational,andinefficientandWeberfearedthatitwould.
Chapter8&associatedlectureonpostmodernity
THE MEANINGOFIS>bill clinton and monicalewinsky.Raising thequestionofthe
meaning ofis,of the connectionbetween word andreality...postmodernism: views
reality as singularin nature and knowablethrough empirical investigation, primarily
using scientific method. postmodernity: era in which we live now.
signals/era/characteristicsofpostmodernity:
stories:narratives and metanarratives: (many tales can be told from several
perspective).grandpadiedb/cGodtookhimtoheaven
images: reality(signs,symbols, andwords), perception, andhyperreality(disney
world)
choices:consumingreality.selectiveimperative:choiceisanecessity
networks in a globalized world. Cyborgization : the boundary between self and
societyorselfandenvironmentgetsfuzzy.
transgression:crossingboundaries.NOTconsideredsignalofpostmodernity
Advertisingandtheendoftheworld/Jhally
>the three questions:does happiness come from material things?what is society?how
farintothefuturecanwethink?

>pessimismoftheintellect,optimismofthewillAntonioG.
>Anthropologist:similarities..Economists:differences
PutnamBowlingAlone
>civic engagement: decline in trust in govt, PTA meetings, bowling leagues, FRAT,
religiousaffiliation
>Networks of civic engagement foster sturdy norms of generalized reciprocity and
encouragetheemergenceofsocialtrust.
>life is easier(Networks facilitate coordination and communication)(networks amplify
reputations/reduceopportunism/serveasculturaltemplateforfuture
/allowsdilemmas ofcollective actionstoberesolved/broadenparticipantssenseofself.
I>WE
>new civic engagement>mass membership tertiary association, nonprofit agencies,
supportgroups.
>thenew association Politicallyimportant butSocially, ties aretoleadersorideals,
not to one another.Does not produce the same type of social capital. >less civic
engagementlesssocialcapitallesssocialtrust
>4 reasons why The movement of women into the labor force.Mobility: The
"repotting" hypothesis.Other demographic transformations.The technological
transformationofleisure.
>what to do? Expand our definition of social capital & explore what types of
association produce it. Investigate how other social changes affect social
capital.Analyze both the positive and negative characteristics of tight knit
communities.Explorehowpublicpolicyaffectssocialcapitalformation.
Rietzer/JensenMcDonaldization
>Mcdonaldization:Its the process by which the principles of the fastfood industry
efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control through technology are being
applied to more and moresectors of society inmore andmore partsof the world.
Ritzer
>Key elements : *Efficiency (everything is scripted) *Predictability( egg mcmuffin in
NYC, same as in Kentucky) *Calculability (quantity rather than quality) *Control
throughtechnology(workersreplacedbytech)
>key concepts humans as unpaid workers, marketing to children,
disenchantment:disney(Weber)
HochschildHomeworkTime
>the second shift: Womens mass entry into the wage labor market.. Womens
continued responsibilityforhomeandchildren..Domesticdivisionoflabor..Economyof
Gratitude
>thethirdshift:Managingtheemotionalworkoftheimpossiblerolestrainandconflict
>inthetimebind:StudyofFortune500company..Howemployeesmanagedorfailed
tomanagetheworklifebalance..Whatthecompanydidtofacilitatethebalance
>Herfindingsoffereloquent,sad,andsometimeschillingevidenceofthe"timebind"
manyemployeesfindthemselvesinand,morebroadly,suggestadisturbingcultural
transformationinthewayAmericansfeelabouthome,family,work,andeventimeitself.
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