Professional Documents
Culture Documents
On
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
Electronics & Communication Engineering
By
(11891A0406)
CH. PRAVEEN
(11891A0407)
(11891A0408)
Mr.N.Dinesh Kumar
M.Tech,(Ph.D.)
2011-15
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that project entitled ARDUINO MANAGED MODULE FOR
AUTOMATIC VENTILATION OF VEHICLE INTERIORS is bonafide work duly completed
by me/us. It does not contain any part of the project or thesis submitted by any other candidate to
this or any other institute of the university.
All such materials that have been obtained from other sources have been duly acknowledged.
CH.SAIPRAVEEN KUMAR
(11891A0406 )
CH.PRAVEEN
(11891A0407)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis work titled ARDUINO MANAGED MODULE FOR
AUTOMATIC VENTILATION OF VEHICLE INTERIORS submitted by CH.SAI
PRAVEEN
KUMAR
(11891A0406),
CH.PRAVEEN
(11891A0407),
D.SAI VAMSE
MOHAN(11891A0408) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Communication Engineering to the Vignan Institute
Of Technology And Science, Deshmukhi is a record of bonafide work carried out by him/her under
my guidance and supervision.
The results embodied in this project report have not been submitted in any university for the award
of any degree and the results are achieved satisfactorily.
(External Examinar)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to our CEO Mr. Shravan Boyapati and principal
Dr.M.Venkata Ramana for his patronage and encouragement.
We also take this opportunity to express our heartfelt thanks to the our guide and Head of
Department Mr.N.Dinesh Kumar for his valuable insights and support.
This project has been a great learning experience for our team members for we found the work
very challenging and interesting ,and we experienced as much joy in seeing it to completion as we
had during the design stages.
It goes with out saying that the project would not have seen the light of the day without the constant
guidance
and
technical
knowhow
provided
by
our
guide/mentor
Mr.N.Dinesh
ABSTARCT
In order to mitigate overheated interior of a vehicle parked in the hot summer sun and
thereby to make the entering into the vehicle more comfortable, arduino managed module for
automatic ventilation of vehicle interior is made. The module is implemented using a
microcontroller as a central logical unit and a series of sensors which provide sufficient data to
ensure functional, but also efficient, reliable and safe ventilation. The ventilation process is
performed by opening vehicle windows slightly, which enables air to circulate.Microcontroller
controls the position of the windows autonomously and independently of the drivers presence,
following predefined algorithm that uses sensors data obtained from the vehicles surroundings.
Besides temperature, the most important factors to ensure quality implementation of ventilation
are detected movements around the vehicle, the presence of precipitation and other.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Topic
Page no.
Acknowledgement
ii
Abstract..
iii
Table of contents
iv
List of figures
vi
1. Introduction..
1.1 Overview
2. Literature Survey.
3. Block Diagram.
10
3.6 IR sensor
12
3.7 H bridge......
14
3.8 DC motor
15
4. Flow chart..
16
18
18
18
19
20
20
6. Results
22
7. Conclusion ...
25
7.1 Advantages.
25
7.2 Disadvantages...
25
7.3 Applications..
25
8. Biblography.
26
9. Appendix.
27
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 3.1 Block Diagram.
10
12
13
14
15
18
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview:
This project aims to provide automatic ventillation for vehicle interiors by considering the outputs
of the all sensors. In this project we are using three sensors namely temperature sensor(LM35)
which displays the temperature in degree celsius, raindrop sensor which indicates whether it is
raining or not, IR sensor which indicates the detection of a person. The outputs of all these sensors
are linked to the motor and the motor rotates according to the conditions(specified) which indicates
the opening and closing of the window automatically without depending on people.
Arduino Uno
Temperature Sensor(LM35)
IR sensor
H Bridge(L293D)
DC motor(12V,100 rpm)
Jumper wires
2.LITERATURE SURVEY
To underline the work done in this project and to establish acquaintance with the subject, it is
necessary to study the history of the problem statement being investigated by summarizing aspects
of the work that has been done in this regard, both in the past as well as that which is being pursued
now.
[1] Microcontroller managed module for automatic ventilation of vehicle interior by Raic, B.
Polytech. of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Radovan,A. This thesis presents a technique for automatic
ventillation of vehicle interiors according to output of the sensors. In order to get cooled in
overheated interior of a vehicle parked in the hot summer sun and thereby to make the entering
into the vehicle more comfortable, arduino managed module for automatic ventilation of vehicle
interior is made. The module is implemented using a microcontroller as a central logical unit and
a series of sensors which provide sufficient data to ensure functional, but also efficient, reliable
and safe ventilation. The ventilation process is performed by opening vehicle windows slightly,
which enables air to circulate
[2] An Embedded Based Protection of Vehicle Interior with Sensors Automation by Nageshwar
Reddy, Vijaya Krishna Institute of Technology & Sciences.This paper presents how to control
position of windows using microcontroller. Microcontroller controls the position of the windows
autonomously and independently of the drivers presence, following predefined algorithm that
uses sensors data obtained from the vehicles surroundings.
3.BLOCK DIAGRAM
Rain drops
sensor
H bridge
DC motor
ARDUINO
UNO
Temp
sensor
IR sensor
Power:
The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply.
The power source is selected automatically External (non-USB) power can come either from an
AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm
center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd
and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V,
however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more
than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is
7 to 12 volts.
Vin : The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as
opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can
supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it
through this pin.
5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be
supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or
the Vin pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the
regulator, and can damage your board. We don't advise it.
3.3V: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50
mA.
IOREF. This pin on the Arduino board provides the voltage reference with which the
microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin voltage and
select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs for working
with the 5V or 3.3V.
Memory:
The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of SRAM and
1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).
Input and Output pins:
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinmode() ,digital
write(), and digital read()functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a
maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms.
In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX): Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins
are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a
rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analog Write () function.
SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication using
the SPI library.
LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the
LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution
(i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible
to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function.
Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:
TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using the Wire Library.
There are a couple of other pins on the board:
AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogRefernce ()Reset. Bring this line
LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the
one on the board.
The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software
includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation for details. For SPI
communication, use the SPI library.
8-Bit Microcontroller
1K Bytes EEPROM
The LM35-series devices are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, with an output
voltage linearly proportional to the Centigrade temperature. The LM35 device has an advantage
over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large
constant voltage from the output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 device does
not require any external calibration or trimming to providetypical accuracies of C at room
temperature and C over a full 55C to 150C temperature range.
Lower cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The low output
impedance, linear output,and precise inherent calibration of the LM35 device makes interfacing
to readout or control circuitry especiallyeasy. The device is used with single power supplies, or
with plus and minus supplies. As the LM35 device draws only 60 A from the supply, it has very
low self-heating of less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 device is rated to operate over a 55C
to 150C temperature range, while the LM35C device is rated for a 40C to 110C range (10
with improved accuracy). The temperature-sensing element is comprised of a delta-V BE
architecture.The temperature-sensing element is then buffered by an amplifier and provided to
the VOUT pin.
The LM35 device has a very wide 4-V to 5.5-V power supply voltage range, which makes it
ideal for manyApplications. In noisy environments, TI recommends adding a 0.1 F from V+ to
GND to bypass the powersupply voltage. Larger capacitances maybe required and are dependent
on the power-supply noise.
Features:
Operates from 4 V to 30 V
The temperature sensor used here(LM35) gives an analog output so the output of
this LM35 is connected to analog pin of arduino uno.
The rain sensor detects water that completes the circuits on its sensor boards' printed
leads. The sensor board acts as a variable resistor that will change from 100k ohms when
wet to 2M ohms when dry. In short, the wetter the board the more current that will be
conducted.
Pins:
A0.......... Analog output
D0......... Digital output
GND..... Ground
VCC...... Positive voltage (input: 5v for analog 3.3v for Digital.)
Features:
1. Comparator output signal is clean. And can source up to 15mA.
2. Adjustable Sensitivity for D0.
3. Working voltage 3.3V-5V.
4. The output format : digital switching outputs ( 0 and 1 ) and analog voltage output AO.
5. Fixed bolt holes for easy installation
commercial receiver will switch its output to high level (+5V).If you can turn on and off this
frequency at the transmitter, your receiver's output will indicate when the transmitter is on or off.
Those IR demodulators have inverted logic at its output, when a burst of IR is sensed it drives its
output to low level, meaning logic level = 1. IR reflectance sensors contain a matched infrared
transmitter and infrared receiver pair. These devices work by measuring the amount of light that
is reflected into the receiver. Because the receiver also responds to ambient light, the device works
best when well shielded from abient light, and when the distance between the sensor and the
reflective surface is small(less than 5mm).
IR reflectance sensors are often used to detect white and black surfaces. White surfaces
generally reflect well, while black surfaces reflect poorly. One of such applications is the line
follower of a robot.
The resistance of the sensor decreases when IR light falls on it. A good sensor will have near zero
resistance in presence of light and a very large resistance in absence of light. We have used this
property of the sensor to form a potential divider.
3.7 H-bridge:(L293D)
For driving the motor with left H-bridge you need to enable pin 1 to high. And for right H-Bridge
you need to make the pin 9 to high. If anyone of the either pin1 or pin9 goes low then the motor in
the corresponding section will suspend working. Its like a switch.
3.8 DC Motor:
A DC motor is any of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current electrical
power into mechanical power. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic
fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or
electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor. Most types
produce rotary motion; a linear motor directly produces force and motion in a straight line.DC
motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing direct-current
lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range,
using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings.
Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances.
4.FLOWCHART
START
Interfacin temperature
sensor,Raindrop sensor,IR
sensor andDC motor to
arduino
Initialize
C=0,d=0
If(a)
d++
Y
c++
If(a&&c==1)
If(b&&d==1)
STOP
Where
a=((temp<34&&range==2&&readsen==HIGH)||(temp<34&&(range==0||range==1)&&r
eadsen==LOW)||(temp<34&&(range==0||range==1)&&readsen==HIGH)||(temp>34&&(
range==0||range==1)&&readsen==LOW)||(temp>34&&(range==0||range==1)&&readse
n==HIGH))
b=(temp>34&&range==2&&readsen==LOW)||(temp>34&&range==2&&readsen==HIG
H)||(temp<34&&range==2&&readsen==LOW)
The rain drop sensor has a sensor module through which it detects the whether it is
raining or not . This state of raining or not raining is communicated to arduino with help
of an interfacing module .The interfacing module has four pins +Vcc,ground ,analog pin
and digital pin. +Vcc and ground of this module are connected to 5v and ground pin of
arduino . The analog pin of module is connected to analog pin (A1) of the arduino.
6.RESULTS
After the complete system design is completed, the hardware and software is tested for any
connection errors. Once it is clear that the connections are all fine the project working is tested.
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
The temperature sensor , rain drop sensor, IR sensor and motor are interfaced with the
arduino uno. The temperature sensor displays the temperature , the rain drop sensor displays
whether it is raining or not on the serial monitor of arduino IDE. the on board led connected to the
pin13 of the arduino becomes high, when it detects a person.
This figure displays temperature reading on the serial monitor of the arduino uno.
This figuare displays whether it is raining or not when rain drop sensor is interfaced to
arduino uno.
This figuare shows the project when all sensors and motor are interfaced.
7.CONCLUSION
7.1 Advantages:
Highly sensitive
7.2 Disadvantages:
Failure of any of the sensors makes improper closing and opening of windows and some
times it may not work.
7.3 Applications:
In vehicles
Public Transportation
military Applications
8.BIBLIOGRAPHY
REFERENCE BOOKS
[1] Programming in C++ : E.BALAGURU SWAMY
[2] Massimo Banzi, Getting Started with Arduino, Publisher: O'Reilly Media, 2009
WEBSITES:
[1] http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Temperature-Sensor-Interfacing-LM35-THE-EA/
[2] http://playground.arduino.cc/Main/LM35HigherResolution
[3] http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Modules-Rain-Sensor/
[4] http://www.gettutorialized.com/uncategorized/rain-drop-sensor-arduino-interface-coding/
[5] http://playground.arduino.cc/Main/PanasonicIrSensor
[6] http://www.instructables.com/id/ -IR-Proximity- sensor/ step5/Interfacing-to-arduino/
[7] http://www.erfssn.org/tutorials/arduino/interfacing-dc-motor/
[8] http://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Modules-L298N-Dual-H-Bridge-Motor-Controll/
9.APPENDIX
float temp;
int irsensor1 = 6;
int led1 = 13;
const int sensorMin = 0;
// sensor minimum
Serial.println("Heavy Rain");
delay(10000);
break;
case 1:
Serial.println("Rain Warning");
delay(10000);
break;
case 2:
// Sensor dry - To shut this up delete the " Serial.println("Not Raining"); " below.
Serial.println("Not Raining");
delay(10000);
break;
}
int readsen = digitalRead( irsensor1 );
if( readsen == LOW)
{
digitalWrite(led1, HIGH);
}
else if(readsen==HIGH)
{
digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
}
delay(100);
if((temp>34&&range==2&&readsen==LOW)||(temp>34&&range==2&&readsen==HIGH)||(te
mp<34&&range==2&&readsen==LOW))
{
d++;
}
else
{
c++;
}
if(((temp<34&&range==2&&readsen==HIGH)||(temp<34&&(range==0||range==1)&&readsen=
=LOW)||(temp<34&&(range==0||range==1)&&readsen==HIGH)||(temp>34&&(range==0||rang
e==1)&&readsen==LOW)||(temp>34&&(range==0||range==1)&&readsen==HIGH))&&c==1)
{
motorA(1,50); //back
break;
case 3: //brake motor
//setting IN1 low connects motor lead 1 to ground
digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
//setting IN2 high connects motor lead 2 to ground
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
//use pwm to control motor braking power
//through enable pin
analogWrite(ENA, duty);
break;
}
}