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Unit 2 Ecology
1. What are producers, consumers and
decomposers? Make own food, eat producers or
other consumers, break down dead pro and con
2. What is the difference between mutualism,
predation, parasitism, competition, and
commensalism? Both benefit, one eats another,
one benefit other harmed, competing for same
resources, one benefited and other unaffected.
3. How can limiting factors affect a population?
Can cause some organisms to thrive while others
become extinct

Unit 5 Geology
13. What are the layers of the Earth? Crust,
Mantle (litho, astheno, meso), Core (outer, inner)
14. Describe the three main rocks from the rock
cycle. Igneous from cooled lava, Sedimentary
from broken down rocks or even organisms,
Metamorphic changed by heat and pressure.
15. What is the Law of Superposition? Farther
down you dig, older the rock gets.
16. What are some ways scientists can determine
how old the Earth is? Relative dating, law of
superposition, fossils, geologic columns, absolute
dating, radioactive decay, radiometric dating

Unit 3 Genetics
4. What is DNA? Information for your inherited
traits.
5. What are chromosomes? Bundles of DNA

17. What is plate tectonics? Lithosphere broken

into large pieces that are floating on top of the
asthenosphere and causing changes to the
Earths surface.

6. What is the difference between a genotype and a

phenotype? Genes (letters), Physical apperiance.
7. Create a Punnett Square for the following
genotyped: BB, gg

8. What is the difference between mitosis and

meiosis? How all cells divide and reproduce.
How sex cells divide
Unit 4 Evolution

18. Describe the three types of plate boundaries.

Divergent moves away, Convergent comes
together, transform slides past each other.
19. What boundary would create mountains,
volcanoes, and earthquakes? Convergent

20. What boundary would create volcanoes and

earthquakes? Divergent

9. How are fossils used to explain evolution?

Shows proof of common ancestors
10. What is the Theory of Evolution? Over time a
species will change and develop based on needs
for survival.
11. What would happen if a species could not adapt
to its environment? It will become extinct.
12. What is the difference between natural
selection, artificial selection, and sexual selection?
Environment affects who passes on genes,
humans affect who passes on genes, mate affects
who passes on genes.

21. What boundary would only create earthquakes?

Transform

22. What do convection currents inside the mantle

cause? Plate tectonics

Unit 6 Energy, Waves and Light

23. What would happen if heat is added to an
object? Have more energy, change temperature,
can eventually change state
24. If you put ice on a swollen ankle, would the ice
be cooling down the ankle or would the ankle be
warming up the ice? Ankle warming up the ice

25. What energy transfer are occurring when you

turn on a flashlight? Chemical, electrical, light,
heat
26. What does the Law of Conservation of Energy
state? Energy is neither created nor destroyed,
only transformed from one form to another.

27. If two hot objects are placed inside cold water,

what would eventually happen to the temperature of
the water and the objects? They would become the
same temperature

28. What are the parts of the electromagnetic

spectrum? (think of the song) radio waves,
microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light,
ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays.

29. What causes differences in colors? Different

wavelengths

30. What is white light? All spectrums of light

equally
31. What is the difference between reflection,
refraction, and absorption? Reflection bounces off,
refraction bends light, absorption absorbs the
light waves

32. Do waves move at different speeds through

different materials? Yes, solids fastest, then
liquids, then gases

33. What is the difference between amplitude and

frequency? Amplitude is how high up the wave
travels from the resting point and frequency is
how fast it is moving.

Unit 1 Nature of Science

34. What is the difference between replication and
repetition? Repetition is repeating yours over
and over, replication is repeating anothers over
and over.
35. What is the difference between experiments,
observation and research? Conducting an actual
experiment usually in a lab, using senses to
collect data, research work from other scientists
work.
36. What is the difference between test variable and
outcome variable? Test (independent) is what you
are changing and controlling, outcome
(dependent) is the end result.
37. How would a life scientist (like an ecologist)
conduct scientific research differently from a
physical scientist (like a chemist)? Eco would
probably do field work to study chemist would
work in the lab.
38. Why is it important for scientists to keep data?
To prove their findings
39. Is developing scientific knowledge a quick or
slow process? Slow because have to check and
recheck data.
40. How can scientific knowledge be changed?
When new discoveries are made
41. What is the difference between a theory and a
law? Law is universally true, theory is an
explanation of nature
42. What are some of the good and bad things
about using models? Gives representation so
helps us to study. Not to scale
43. What is the difference between quantitative and
qualitative? Quant is number data, Qual is
written information data