What is antipumping relay ?

What is an anti-pumping relay?

The anti-pumping relay is a device in circuit-breaker whose function is to prevent
multiple breaker closures.
For instance, if the operator gives the closing command to the breaker by
pressing the close button and the breaker closes. However, a fault in the system
causes the breaker to trip. Since the close command is still in the pressed
condition, there is a chance of the breaker closing again and being tripped by the
relay multiple times.
This can damage the closing mechanism of the breaker. The anti-pumping relay
prevents this by ensuring that the breaker closes only once for one close
command from the control panel.
(from http://www.electrotechnik.net/2009/06/what-is-anti-pumping-relay.html)

the anti pumping device is used to avoid continuously Energising the breaker
closing coil once the CB has already closed.this is done to avoid burning the coil.
This Coil is used to avoid the continuous supply of the breaker coil during faulty
condition, once we are giving the closing pulse during un-cleared faults condition
the breaker will close one time only. After we are giving many more
Closing pulse to the breaker, cannot perform that closing operation with the help
of anti pumping coil.
Anti pumping relay is used to prevent closing coil from
being burnt by the repeated closing command. Closing coil
is not designed for continuous electrical operation and
once the closing coil is energised, breaker will get on and
it will be remain energised mechanically until any trip
command is available. So continuous supply is not required
for closing coil.

Why Antipumping relay is used?

Anti pumping relaying is done primarily to indicate the spring failure of TNC
switch and a person need to attend the problem. The function of this relay is to
cut off the supply to 52C (CB closing coil) in case of TNC switch spring failure
and prevent CB hunting effect (i.e. continuous closing, opening operation).
Anti pumping is also called trip free mechanism of any circuit breaker.
Suppose the breaker has been instructed to close by manual instruction by
pressing the TNC (trip neutral close push button) switch. The operating
mechanism will start operating for closing operation.
Meanwhile a fault has taken place and relay closes the trip circuit of breaker. The
trip free mechanism/ Anti pumping feature permits the circuit breaker to be
tripped by protective relay even if it is under process of closing. Thus auxiliary
relay (or sometimes the inbuilt feature of circuit breaker) which prevent
alternate tripping and closing of the circuit breaker if closing push button is held
close during fault is called the trip free mechanism or anti pumping mechanism.

What will happen if Antipumping relay circuit is not present?

If the circuit breaker is closed using TNC switch, and at the same instant let
spring of TNC switch has failed and it did not came to its neutral state, and
primary protection relay had been operated at this instant and opened the CB,
since supply is being extended to 52C (CB closing coil) because of TNC spring
failure, then CB will close again, since fault is still persisting the following cycle
occurs.
CB trip, because of protection. Operation -> CB close, because of TNC switch
spring failure-> CB trip, because of protection. Operation-> CB close, because of
TNC switch spring failure-> CB trip, because of protection. Operation -> CB
close, because of TNC switch spring.
The above cycle is termed as circuit breaker hunting. Circuit breaker hunting will
cause damage to breaker and it can be avoided by using 52 (Circuit breaker
Antipumping relay).The function of this relay is to cut off the supply to 52C (CB
closing coil) coil in case of TNC switch spring failure and prevent CB hunting
effect (i.e. continuous closing, opening operation).
Let us analyse the behavior of circuit in case anti pumping is present and in case
it is not present, one by one:
CASE 1: Closing Coil Circuit Without 52 Relay

The path for CB close with out 52 relay is shown in Figure 1. In this case if
spring of TNC switch fails, then supply will be get extended to 52C (CB closing
coil) coil as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 1 - Circuit breaker closing coil without Antipumping relay

If the TNC switch spring has failed then supply will be extended as shown below.

Figure 2 - showing how supply will be extended to closing coil because of TNC
spring failure

CASE 2: Closing Coil Circuit With 52 Relay

Closing coil circuit with 52 present is as shown in Figure 3. Path 1 in Figure
3 shows how 52C (CB closing coil) will be energized when we press TNC switch
CS1.if CS1 comes to its original state once we release it then 52 will not come in
picture. if CS1 does not comes to its original state then 52 will be energized as

shown in path 2.then 52-NC contact present in path 1 will be got opened up and
prevents extension of supply.
We have the concept that initially for the energization of 52 80% to 90% of 110V
is required. But once after energization 60-70% of 110V is sufficient to maintain
its energization state. This logic is achieved by introducing a resistance in 52
energization maintenance path. This path is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 3 - With Antipumping relay present

Figure 4 - Antipumping relay with a resistor

Once 52 is energized it will give an alarm and a maintenance person in the

substation need to attend that problem. This is how 52 is useful in avoiding CB
hunting effect.

Top
What is ANSI code for Master trip lockout relay?
ANSI code 86 is used.
What is function & Utility of lockout relay?
When a drive-to-lockout input is energized, the reclosing relay will go into
lockout from any point in the sequence. The relay will stay in lockout until the
input is removed and the breaker is closed manually or by supervisory control.
Upon removal, the recloser will go through its reset sequence and return to
ready state.
All the different trip signals from fault detection devices are wired to the
lockout relay, which is the master trip relay for the circuit breaker. It is usually
a manually reset relay with an indicating flag or lamp. In case of DG a similar
philosophy of tripping is used in the engine control panel in which all the
mechanical failure signals are received at the engine lockout relay (86-T, T for
turbine). This lockout relay also trips the generator circuit breaker.
When either the 86-G or the 86-T relay sends its signal to the circuit-breaker
trip coil, time is taken before the circuit breaker begins to move and finally
reach its fully open state. The generator switchgear is recommended to have
two separate lockout relays. One will receive all the electrical protection relay
trip signals, and denoted as 861. The other will receive a master trip signal
(or several trip signals) from the turbine unit control panel, and denoted as 86
2.
It operates whenever any of the protection relay operates and would prevent
any circuit breaker operation until the lock out relay is manually rest.

Can we manage without anti pumping since operation of lock out relay would
prevent any further operations of CB even continuous opening-closing?

Figure 5 - Antipumping relay & Lockout relay contacts in closing coil circuit

Let us assume that we have closed the circuit breaker using the TNC switch
CS1.At this instant TNC switch spring failed and fault is there which is sensed by
primary protection relay and sends tripping command to circuit breaker. This
would energize the trip coil of breaker; this will result in operation of lock out
relay.
The lock out relay will go into lock out state as shown in Figure 6 below:

Figure 6 - The lock out relay goes into lock out state

Now let a person had attended that fault and resetted 86 lockout contacts. After
resetting its status will be NC and a closed command will be extended to closing
coil without any human interface which is a mal function.
So an 86 lockout relay cannot fulfill the purpose of anti pumping relay.
The function of anti pumping relay is to cut off the supply to closing coil in case
of TNC switch spring failure and prevent CB hunting effect (i.e. continuous
closing, opening operation) and a person needs to attend the problem. Where as
86 lock out relay contact in closing circuit is meant to ensure that a person had
attended the fault occurred and we are closing the circuit after clearing the
circuit.
It is extra mechanical protection meant for safety of equipments considering the
cost and sophistication involved; it is always advisable to go for extra human
interface.
REFERENCES:
1. ANSI/IEEE C37.100 Definitions for Power Switchgear.
2. Relay And Circuit-Breaker Application Authors: E. L. Harder and J. C.
Cunningham.
3. Protection Application Handbook: ABB, Transmission Systems and
Substations.
4. http://www.electrotechnik.net/2009/06/what-is-anti-pumping-relay.html