Marine Corps FMFM 2 1 Intelligence 30 September 1980

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cc
PCN
139 000115
00
TO:
COMMANDING GENERAL
YARlNE CORPS DEVEWPMENT
(CODE D 036)
QUANTICO VIRGINIA
AND EDUCATION
COMMAND
22134
Provided by www.marines.cc
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

HEADQUARTERS
UNITED STATES MARINE
WASHINGTON.
CORPS
D.C. 20380
30 September 1980
FOREWORD
1.
PURPOSE
FMFM 2-l. Inte~e,
w&m
2.
SCOPE
3.
SIJPEBSESSION
FMFM 2.l.fnteU&nce,
4.
sets forth mfonnation and gwdancc mnccming the pluming and execution of intclligenet actintiea
the Muine Corps.
dated 18 October 1977.
CHANCES
Reoommendrtvx~ tor duqmg
thii Manti
are innted tram commands u well aa ducctly ttom mdividuds. The attached
User Suggatmn Form should be used by mdwi+ds
ad fowlrded
to the Commading Cemnl, Marme Corps Development and
Educltmn Command (D 036). Quantlao, Virgrrua 22134.

5.
CERTIFICATION
Renewed md appoved tbiadate.
BY DIRECTION
OF THE COMMANDANT
OF THE MARINE
CORPS
Licutewnt Gemml. U.S. Marme Corps

Commam%ngGeneral
Marme Corps Development and Eduutmon Comnund
Quatao.
DISTRIBUTION:
Vii
TBA
Artkk/Paragraph
Pa5
yahlrc of cbmp:
1. Propwed New Verb&m
2. Jusoficrhon/Soura.
No.
Add
Text: (Verbahm.
Line in.
III
D&k
cl
Figwe/Tabk
Chanue
xl
No.
Comet
double spaced. conhnue on addlhonal pages Y ncasaw.)
(Need not be double wad.)
*NOTE:
Only one rrcommendahon
per page.
FHFH 2.1
RECORD OF CHANCES
CHANGE
NO.
DATE OF
CHANCE
DATE OF
ENTRY
ORGANIZATION
SICSATURE
FMFM 21
SECTION
1.
101
102
103
104
LOS
106
SECTION
SECTION
SECIYON
2.1
2.1
2-6
2.0
2.a
2.10
2.10
3.
301
302
303
SECTION
l-1
1.1
I-1
I.1
1.2
14
2
201
202
203
204
203
206
207
(.
INTRODUCTION
3-l
3.1
3.2
4.
401
402
403
404
41
41
44
405
406
49
+10
+I
5.
501
502
303
5.1
3.2
5.3
FMFM 21
SECTION
6.
OF CAFWJRED
MATERIEL
ENEMY
HANDLING
AND
PERSONNEL.
DOCUMENTS.
Pus~nnel
601
Enemy D-nb
Enemy Ma.?d
SECTION
7.
701
PROCFSSMG
OF INTELLIGENCE
Cmenl
Rnordi(l
order Of B.tde
Etlu.hOll
Alulysis
ltegntlWl
lntup~tahon
SECTION 8.
DISSEMINATION
OF INTELLIGENCE
801
a1
a2
SECTION 9.
INTELLIGENCE
ESTIMATE
901
w2
Rcwn for &sign of Form md Scope
USCof the Form
DlsmbuhWl
SECTION
10.
RECONNAISSANCE
AND SURVEILLANCE
10-L
General
SECTION
REMOTE
SENSORS
CCJleni
iv
e-
11-l
L1-4
11.5
115
11.3
L1.5
1l-6
Il.6
11-i
11-8
Il.12
Il.12
SECTION
12
TARGET
INTELLIGENCE
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
SECTION
SEClION
L2.2
13.
1301
1302
L2.1
12.2
12.3
124
12-l
12-t
13-l
13.2
GcncrJ
Sta,dmg Openang Proccdwcs
14
1401
1402
,403
1404
,405
I406
1JU7
SECTION
15.
SEQUENCE
OF INTELLIGENCE
ACTIVITIES
I.501
1502
1503
1504
1305
1.506
1507
1308
FMFM 2.1
SECTION
I6
AIR
INTELLIGENCE
4
lb1
161
16-2
lb2
lb2
16.3
16.3
16-S
163
164
16.4
16.4
16.4
SECTION
17.
TOPOGRAPHY.
HYDROGRAPHY,
CLIMATE.
AND
WEATHER
APPENDIXES:
A
8
C
0
E
F
G
H
I
A.1
51
Cl
Lhl
F.-l
F.l
Cl
H.1
I.1
1
K
L
\1
Y
0
J-1
K.l
L-l
Ml
N.1
0.1
:
R
S
T
U
v
W
6:
R.1
s-1
T-l
u.l
v.l
W.1
Y-l
x.3
x.5
x.7
x.9
X-10
R+UL
AA
AR
AD
AE
AF
X.12
X-21
Y-i
Z-1
4A.L
A!%!
AC1
w.1
AE-1
if-1
a
FMFM 2.1
SECTION
INTRODUCTION
make sound deepions and 10 enable bun, with the as~,ancc

oi hla s,aff. ,o prepare luncly md rffccave plans for the conduct of ,be opmhcm. Tbii objeehve appbes no, only 10 the
commander Iandmg face. but also to the commlndem of
.wbardiia,e. adixcnL aad biir
commands.
104. BASIC
102
.
IMPORTANCE
DEFINITIONS
a, INFORMATION. Information is unwalua,cd matenat

of ever+ deacnpticw. buludiw, tia, derived from obYrw11~1.
rcmmunicr(lon reports. mm4
tmagery, and other soumr
which, when proceuud, may pmdu~c mtclligcna.
,n,eU,(rence ,s the foundation on whtcb the apn(lonaI
103. OBJECTIVES
L The f,m, ob,ect,ve of inkll~noc
funehonvla ti 10
kcqi the rommuldcr Informed reglrdin~ m. *ac,cnshca
,,f ,f,e obfectnc arca and the enemy si,uti.,n so thr, be cm
!Q
FMFM
21
(c)
diuemLuho
(a)
rquucd
Stnagic
for tk
.,ioai
mtclligena
formahoo
and ibutiotld
u k,eHigma
rhid,
cosn,e,
md m&my
pk.
a,
mud.
of policy
The dirrctios
of m,eUiioc
colkcltoo.
produdton
md
10 olher lnlrcertcd commanders
with d&e open,md
Rqwem(l
or tbe coin-
kvek.
(2)
Tk
in,eigea
of&r
has ,bc followmg spec~lic
,Uponabibti~l:
(c) Dwig
,be
my mlkc,
ad repoIl
force ui
course
,sed o, ,be production of stn,eg,c
of
openwJ&
kdig
Lfomu,loon ma
wdl be
m,oi~ce.
tk m,e,gum
Lk,cmun,ng
(2)
6mLt
kotvkdge
,e.+ad
Ikulgcce.
Canbar
of ,be enemy. weaber.
ll&ge&
mod geeognplrul
by i corrrrmnder in ,hc plm,w,g
comba,
opmtionr
Lurdmg foI(+
b,,eSigc,,a
nil
uld rondue,
The degree oi so-
plMnig
u that
.cbkved
of
vl,eUiioc
o&r
by the
as,
mqwrrmntr
of ultdlipence
,mymg
,Jle effectivenur
ac,,~ha
ad
nrdc,
of
agut&
Ci,,m,e,m,eiligax
nctwity
,o dx pmleellon
tiinduk
forcrg
of ifotm*ho
rubverdon,
md
i,&gena
b&dktioa
Pmpuiry
plw.
c&e&o
or
p,
*quIBjtion
utd rcqucrts ,o
headqurkrs
,or ,he
10 lndodr
ad mlba,
,u-
rurvedkee.
!(-
COMMANDER
ud
Tk
commstder
montc~tcliigcna
mrponsibk
md
fati,
acfivihcs oi hk corr
coordb,rDng
&ctlonachnhes
uldodmg
for
employmmt
ulfomxa-
of the commmd.
of airbamc,
sur-
md rubsurface de,ec,,olcdkc,io
dcnces or sysLe,s
INTELLIGENCE
OFFICER
~,qratig
rpplklbk
quucmets
rccetnd
ad&,
(b)
diimbutlm
ten.
o&n.
of b,form.tion
S,,p&isiig
muld.
h
ekmen,a f I.
,o the mmmulder.
bighzr atd sdjxe,
agabwfespra-
RESPONSIBILITIES
,be mtcIbgvu
ebxntul
fomu~o
a,
by
wbmb Y devoted to de..
uullcd
utilgirut.abotlg
105.
for
arc
developd
md oaes
COUNTERlNTELLICENCE.
,ba, upcc,
for
lndoded
ruff ofrioen md subordmr,e cum-
Recommdig
c
whok.
mmdcr.
be affected lo a krge degree by the cwnbu
I, develop
nqwrcd
ad ereeutlng the openhoo
the coMDuId
fu,ura
The durctio.
of u~klbgea
colkc,io.
u dineled
produc,,o,
t,eUige~
from
higher
remd
comma,ds vl,o the vliomuuo
colkc,lo
effort of the aowld.
mmdiig
lnf-,lo
md
by bigbe, headqua=
officer (uckrr.
10 the opuoRI
biofogwl
and dwnucd
1.2
4
dr,e,,s
and
officer1 u
(NBC)
employed
nudeu
,ermm
and
capabiitrs
wealher
mndrhons
aliectmg
employmen,
cncmy nudcu
.
.Sup,vumg
d.,a
to encmy~
wc*pom
01 fncndiy
and
xe*pau.
and
collection
coocdmasnr:
m
trcu
no,
wrrlher
under
idendly ea,rol.
(d)
Other
InreUucwe.
Proudme
mpu, ,o plans and orders which nom&

other rtaii
olfiars,
aspec(s as rqw-ed
orReerr. Spufic
ruper-w
and coordiia,e
m caarduwwn
mtelbpma
are ,he purwew oi

r,th
intclbgrnu
cognun,
responslbilrher lndudc m,elbgena
staff
aspects
of:
.
Tac,tcal coverand dccep(lon.
1.3
FWFM 2-1
Pknniig,
directing.
intcUigwloc
c. COORDINATION.
tnmhw
and arpmsing
the
of the mullisncc
Other stiff offken
1:
are mspombk
for:
(1)
fnfomlmg
bum of uui
the intelligma
IePChW
mqwmcntl
offiar,
on I timely
fortnteliigmct.
(3)
Coordination
with
mc
cmwc that pluu and orders rcfka

inteiliice
106. INTEGRATED
L The inthoc
ownnation
g&d.
,e, drop* charti Imwyery, and 0th

Aid&
Specific
mspwrbtlittes
mclude
mquwemnts
for and suprvuing
trtbution
map4
of
md omrdinrting
er (or offiar
dctcminmg
the cqineer
in charge) of tk
and/or stolqlc rqomMi
thr
the procurement aad dis
imageey. and mtclligena
nth
cmphk
offar
graphic ads;
and the command-
untt usrgncd reproduction
Tk
md
officer
to
and
bon of ultcuiience
inteulgao..
INTELLIGENCE
offKcr
c-
th.1 hti inteiligma
inteUigence activitea am thorowghly ante.
pmduchon
of intelJigenae. from tk
rcqlremets
dckrmm,
to the Rnlll diimtrutim
is carefully mtegrated to ensEc the tlmiy.
rate. demkd.
and compkte
by the command. If a sin&

twence prous
promao,, of i,,bll&,er
step k deficknt,
may fail. n&km
of
XcY
required
the mare tntel.
of how weil dI the other
rtepd we cxccuted.
(
W.
b. Integrated
intetIignce
ur. and naval intcllikena

rtqPkmmg
mmmg
and suprvtig
the mtclliqma
of the command as a whok u)
coordii.tion
With the opennow
fom
u &kved
effort k prop&
when the qotmd.

mordinated.
mutual intcUisJcna support md cla
e.ch level of mmmlnd

.
lnteuigma
avatkbk. tntelligma
requlmmenP
level throlqh
from uqh,hole
comsponding
The
coopnhon
at
t&z forc.~d,,,g
commmda .t crd, subor-
dmate k*el of both naval md Ianding force ckmmts.
oft&r.
1.4
c
FMFM 21
202
OF A DIVISION
FUNCTIONS
INTELLIGENCE
SECTION
b. Tk
of&r
a.swtan,
an tk
m p.nppb
ass&al,
,tmct.o,,,
105.
chiif
c&f
of staff. G-2 ~1 tk
vltci~ner
dtvumn staff. His tcaponslbilitica a~ XI forth

In satufyii
tkv
nrponsbdrtics.
tk
of staff. G-2 wlu normally retam exwtthe
and usign
tvlo
to wnoul
componcn~
of the
rectton aa fallows:
2.1
---
. .
.L.l
.-L-B
U-.--L--
FMFM 2.1
6:
1
FMFM 21
FMFM 21
(h)
Repare intcU&nce
(c)
Mabltam an appropriate intcui-
&eceplot.
(b)
dambed in FMFM
2.3. SiJnds InW~ncaIEbcUants
w.+?e 0~l-s
t,,,~ (U). and in .ccard~e
ntb DOD Diictwc
S5200.17 (M.fh Spacid Secwity &wd.
nd tbc
Navy ar&mmt
tbcreto.
203. ORGANIZATION
AND
FUNCTIONS OF AN AIRCRAFT
WING INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
-:
h The l,me~nr of tbe irirtnt
cbtrf ofruff,
G2fatbcaiwnftti~areb&ullytbemmeas
tha of t dtton
c-2 Tk flmcu0M of the an.
ow capanmta are u foOors:
(1)
sprier
202bPJi)
s--w
BmncIb
(sa
---.
m#mNm
u-1-
PI.
F&m
2.2. Fu~tionll O,g.ntzatton of. Typicat

Aiift
Wing Inteuttnea Dkki.nL
FMFM 21
FMFM
2.1
pfocwmwnt md
C.4, supe-
nd
drtdktion
of sonival.
(v)
nco$namo
&de
Supniw.
cootdb,.tca.
tmbllnu prcsnm
reeogmhoo of dup.
by the UACTF
mmmmder.
brscd upon mmmmcndanona
of
hi G.2/S2.
ICPILYLOC. sod euape eqoipmenr

a,,d upporta
for alI flight paaocl.

urclaft.
equipmcnl
LRqardka
tie
to P-
md mstda.
,,a size ad
of the qeny
or&za,,,
or pe,soooe, who Je,rnmne
blue factors am conadcrrd.
Hwv
indude:
,IM.
(7)
si3na6
Intsllig6ae
clod (wbe
RooIddl.
(se
par. 202b(4).)
ORGANIZATION
204.
A FORCE
(FSSC)
AND
SERVICE
FUNCTIONS
SUPPORT
INTELLIGENCE
OF
GROUP
SECTION
Rqouemcnu
Dwmmnbon.
Tar+
Admmatrauon.
acqomtion
of mcylqcs
a. Tk
typical
force &mcc
support
section mosstsofooefticer(0202)a,,d
for specmbst teams
whteh mduda
d,e phvncal flow
and conespoodmce
tot. wnhm. md
out of the 6cc,mn.
group mfclliwna
one to hoeokkd
praavlcl(O2311.
b. The mtelliincz
asiaant
offiar
U n&y
chief of staff, G-2/C-3.
forth m parwwb
&sMtat
Hi
105. Intelllgma
chief of staff,
dwc
of a dir&m
205,
ORGANIZATION
G-Z/C3
~s~taot
A MARINE
functions of the FSSC

a
chrf
am set
basally
the same aa
AND
FUNCTIONS
OF
FORCE
TASK
arc occasons
when I func~on or t put of a
funehoo may k ooutted. I when two or mom foncmna am

hmdkd
by a single lndtndud
quarters them may k

a s&echo
of staff. C.2.
AIR-GROUND
Tkrr
.o assist., to ,bc
rupoonibibha
or slbscchca.
exd~wely
devoted
~rwnnei
subfncDon
Conreraelv.
kadqwters
may meqowc that rcvcd
UM k coo&dated
In lwcr
head-
sufRcunt penonnel to eparatcly
staff
pact,eulir loneho+ OT
tbmtahms
of
soaer
fonchoos I subfunc-
m L SW& subsect,oo.
(MAGTF) INTELLIGENCE SECTION

L When Fket .\lame
Hatoe
aqmood
m,eUiaecc
Foras
a,~ task rm,,i,.&
ttpk force. the rganuil~on
secwo
of the ar~roood
hcadqoutcn
command ckment
w!l vary. It 1s predbxtcd
tbc VACTF
Marme
amphiburur
(MAF)).
(IX..
brigade
tk
masmtudc
tions. md the d&es

the ,WACTF
bilitie.
fora,
vnpbibiolg
(MALO.
kmiquartcn
butdo
notduplicate
of mi)or
tkm
ontnted
principally
towud
foroe
of Ihe protected penTk
upabilihes
cxteod sod mmpkmenf

ekmentr
uodernomml
Staff xrv,cr.s to the comma&r.
of
Uacme
anpbibious
of the mmmmder.
of the headquarters
of the
pan the tie
omt (NAti).
or Grim
and xop
toto a
md ~tze of the
b&&g
outten
the capa.
of tk
tuk
arc
which affect the come
,,a,,
b. The orgaomation
sod sze of dw, intelligna
dctcrmhed
by hiker
t r,wuz.tm~~
esubliied
UI me conhngcocy
trin sitoaoos.
tta r3amz.t,
md
he&wtem
sze will k
~choo
or tabkr
plao. I ccr,.
detemwed
4, the MAP kvel. the staff cuta~teUiincc

momtor all cwterb,,elbgea
b,clodbt(. that of dctxkd

aw
task torn.
may have bea
f.
circumstmocs.
u,tcUi~a.
act,v,ty mtiul
countctmrc&ncc
officer
the AiAF
tams or sob
to mawe Lhat MAF countentethgeec obtecurn
accompbskd.
&crdingly.
te~telllqma
acw~ues mltst k
staff ruutcnn,rU,~ee
CmmtumtcUlana
mtamcd
clox
off&m
turns asqcd
m a general sqpor,
PZ
cwsdimuon
of JI co-
acmmpkhed
ktwcm
all
rt all Icvrb of command.

to tk
rok
VAF
undrr
da
arc nomullv
crntratlrcd
--
-/-m
FMPM 2.1
INTELLIGENCESECTIONS
210
FMFM 2,
SECTION
COMBAT
INTELLIGENCE
3.1
FMFM 2-1
F&rc 3.1. Combat lntelli~nct Cycle.
3.2
SECTION
DIRECIION
I .
403. DETERMINATION
REQUIREUENTS
OF
INTELLIGENCE
EFFORT
OF INTELLIGENCE
t
(5) Tk tmc la betwren the nquea, for and rcaip,

oft&nwm
#nayk exkswe.
(6) Rcqua,s for prc.Ddry lcmuyl~ec to w~por,
Ihe cUee,m elfor, lus, k submaed. That fequca mus,
k ,ucly ,o ICdlbk coordbl~Uc. Wl,h odler apntlonal
~c,w,ier
ktdiience
of ,k commai. Tk commander
ts nspoabk for fomdamr EEli He IV. ,I he
dares. mques, r,a,f uff,ara ,o recummendEEI,.
Howww. k mu, pemonallyappporrtkm md d,nc,
meu pr0&,,0.
c. BASIC REQUIRE>lENTS AND ESSENTLAL ELE

\lENTS OF INFORMATION lEER Tk uwUiictoffifrom ,xo pnnapal .o,,raa-bale
mqurcmene uld -tilt
ckmnu of
If-0.
mr determnes ,k r,eIligce nquremmti
(1) Butt Rquuemenu.

The m-&r
mlut have
aU pnlne, ,,eUwce on ,he werlhcr. ,enwn. ad hydropr&y xtthvl ,k oh,echre area. and the enemy fwar vtddin
or adjacent , 1, iha, mzy atfcct fk vnphikoua operation.
Beachesad hrbeopler Imdbw recwe spccmlem&
,,a. Also. he needsu,,c,&ecc conocmmg,he peopk who I3.c
m Ihe obwtirc ama, ,o mdudc poUtid cccmamw.and walo&
cond,,,onsmd vlentilic and lechnical dcvekpnmta
I add,,,orr he needsmtelbgcncaon the plul, ud ammrl bfe
da a affect friendly opentmos in ,he objectivearea. Detied outlines of ,k brne mtelliiec
requ,mnmD for
amph,biws operatl~~ pnd countcrycmlb operaknm are
dmw 111appendixedA uld B nspctirrly. Tkle outlina ye
,o szrw oniy as guidesfor the lntelligenec officer. For some
per*,Io& u-,Qusporwa uy be odued, whik odter
upenhotu may genera,ea need for rdditiorul itemr Tk tlsk
of ,k u,,elbgmec of,ietr u ,o determine tk pe,,me, ,,ema
fha, m-1 k aswertd ad Loagn a pnonty of efforl based
on the u,uatio.
(a) Conmmderf
EEL Tk basic amphiiou~
ln,eU,,xee requnmne~ a, all eehelms of the lvldw fora.
a,= exten~re. and a, my we tm there M bkely ,o k
pps u1dx dewed hnowkdge of ,hc enany. werthcr. ,e-.
and hydrography. Tksc gaps differ in rchtrrc impatlna
ax,ti~
to hme md c,rcwns,uxe. The cntiulgap~ Y) mkl,i,zct am deswatd crxntial clemsnb of infomucioh
They UC defusedas those cnticai i_
of inf-uon
re.
&b,% d,e enemy md hs enviroomen, e&d by Uu cam
mlndcr by a pircculu me. 10 ml.& wi,b o,kr wadabk
mf.,nn,uo .d inle,bgecein order to &,
hi ia reaching
a logcal
Tk EEls mtt,,,,u,e ,k mmmadeis

,&a
ad. thcnfm.
requuemenb
priori,,, mPlpmacnk the
direcovemd commnca w,,h ,k word decm,mc

Tk qwfifymg qucsw vaws watheachEEL but cc.
md IN WHAT STRFZNGTK L, 16no, ecc~vrv to uk
9 uf thesequcahorufor eachEEL only tbosz,ha, are
padwnt It ts no, ecasa,y for c.& EEI to have a
stalemen, d,mcang spreul a,,e(lon I, IS urcludcd
mly w,h lhuv EEls 1h.t hare cer,l~n wpzctr rcqu,r.
~16 apcial a,,chon. Otk-.
cdkc,,o rxecncwr
could k aled ,,.a dnahng mm o, ,he,r cee,m
efforts to a pu,ndu am, *ha,, ha, is warnnred bv
the situtia.
.
Every tachcll s,,w,m poseadi,,me, pmbkms md

gmeraily pomtsup spwrfic gapl UI dcsucdinklligencc.
For lhk reason. there I no atandd Ita, or hard md
fast ndc for dckrmmmg EElr Tk eom-der ,ay
a& hmuelf cer,u, q~~3t.o~ w& as:
. What encmv capabibty wil mm, ~nouslv

affect the accompluhme,of mv OUSYU~
What u ,k next probable ,aet,cal deewon

reqmmdof me?
. What additional u,f-ho

CTrrqucd
precludemy kmgsurpased?
lo
One or mm of ,he enemy c.p&Uitxs cnumnkd ul

,k CIIIIC, mtcU&ta eaxi,e add mad, I M EEI
,equing drtermvlrtlon of whether OTo, ,k enemy
wdl .chuUy adopt tk cnumcntrd mtsesof DC.
FMFM 2.1
E~ls ace frcqwndy

t,unJ
panted
mtelligence
,d,le,aW,k*
on
al,*
xkvurc,ea
or
toxud
known
dcwlopvlg
Y faulty dwpc.ntronh
Lsk
ut
agsewre
Tac,,cal plans LO explat
weaken
,a,&,
EE, m,$,t sale.

hh defenrs
BLUE
to deerm,ne
roncc,ed
when the
enemy. Thu.
Determme if ,k
,o mduds tk
k
Tkrclo,e.
u1
*d often m-
,f Md
by rk
what iomr?
phrased. Dctecmme ri tk
extend bia ur sea,&
n&r
an
enemy vdl extend
hi& gmund khmd
If so. when. and wth
EEI m&t
lo@strc ,n-
rec~nn.-~c.
an CMrnY wcrknclu Ire cxc-
culed whde the rutnenbd,ty rtdtcx,,,s.

EEI wiatne to an enemy ulnembdity
dude a requ,mmcnt
add,.
UT suspected enemy
corcnge
Bea&
Anotkr
enemy wti
10 ,k
XUL If so.
whenl
Knowkd~
of the enemy atwtmn
ague, pn,~,duly
mphtb,ws
durtw
opentton.
may k desgn.ted
for tk
purpose
ated
eiiisuncy.
euly
.,pe,at,on
m tk
mlqht
ofrcqumnq
cncmy
k.
dw eompasltmn.
of enemy forces whwb wtU
oppose our Iandmgs. As ,nt.lUgcnce

rbk md plans kconw
k
moddiid
ourraterbom.
Wk,e
rdl
kcomes
ad-
more spcctfic. thu EEI mqht
to. Detctmme ,I tk
*ma
EEI pranul-
phlsc oi .n ampkbmus
Determme
rtrength. and dlapatron
mtclligcncc
dtspa,t,ons.stcmgth.
An appropriate
phnntq
for an
cases. EEIs
parucularlv
to enemy ,denttticruonr
md canbat
plamg
In thu and r,mdu
order
ai batdc
mtelberncc.
&t,e
,6 often extremely
Ihc e&y
asad,.
enemy wdl defend
,I M, wlh
what forces
hla maul deknslve pos,t,ons k
Spccnic rttentmon 10 actl,ties of tk
located?
14th Rat% Kw
llUL~~
Cecm,,, rcatkr.
,crram.
,IM
rul&k,
a,
Inay Cl, k
EEL
Fat c.ampk.
De,e,m,,,e
tk
copten can k
and hydrowphrc
,hu
tk
EEI
mwht
Pkued.
YCU err Ob,ecne b m wh,h

laded.
c,.,ea (he ma&y
miorma-
reqwnnq ,s.%,ulce 0,
or, Determme
area bddind Bcxb
lequt.s,tto,, and draummattun
,i ,a&
BLUE.
of xcrtba
The EElr promuleted

kndkd
bv adwcnt
heb.
mmdc,.
that ,s. tky
cu1
exunpk.
a EEI ot an adfan,
Howerr,.
mfomutton
,, ..,,maUy a matte, of SOPs A we&be, EEI is, there-
m&t
commmderr
are
m ,hr ame mumer as those of a hwher cam-
k.
Determu~
kequcndy
mphnxd.
,o OUT landma. occupy pos,,mlls ul tk

QL!,,XTiN
TOWN.Tbis
For
ccg,m+ntal commander
ti the enemy wdl

m&t
subxquent
ncvl,ty
of
k mphnud.Deter.
iom, Uavuy deeio,ped only m those srtualmnr where
mme Ii the enemy wdl more iorecs thmgb OUI zone
wutbe,
M Dday tn Ihe d,rec,mn af QUANTAN
may k
EEI mqbt
k,
I ccilttoUiig
Determule
changed mffic&iiity
Bcrcb RED.
Puuculu
f~C,or. An ~ppmpn~tc
if the man,
m tbc CORCY
attenuon
,tw
axea and kck of
to fords acrca
tk
Tk
EElr of a wbwdmatc
not unounecd
a,e of Um,ad
JARDO RIVER.
to tk
commrndu
mg ,km
aotds tk
tendency ,o kt every mss
oi miotmahcm as .n EEL regudles
of ~1)
commander are genemUy
command aa P whole sm.% tkv
inte,&.
cnwms that .cc

Tk
TOWN.
hwe
Howe*er.
tk
hu mtclliinoc
commwicc
measures an undertaken to sat&
the announced EElr of hu subordmws

oiiiar
to sat&y
tkm
He dkcts
m tk
~nx
4.3
FYFM
21
u my EEI of hw ow md to dkemulate
rn.ncr
ltelhgena
to alI rffectcd wbordin~le
the
metoxdous. mwi.hn,
commulb.
ptrpaeful.
and baaed on eomnt
md anticipated reqoircments.
t-
OTHER
staff offan
wdl ha=
not uitiui
k
INTELLIGENCE
cnowh
mswend.
a treat rantty
liaa
of qucltiona *hi&
u rcquwed ktwce
(4)
are
mcmkn
pk,utg
of tk staff to ensw
ttmciy
by h,r
mtqnho
toto tk
effort
which hlsobordinatanced
PLANNMC
edtelow.
m tim
,k
amoaad
for dcveiopng
pkw
officer
for hla comMnder
arc not ItahC

qucntly.
de~lopn&
effort
requtremcnls
mtictpated
tk
Tk
Itoatzo
cbulga:
moaat qwekty
m,eUiire
requirrmnta
to tk
of hi
md
tk
requrementa of sobordmate omts. He closely momton
tk
potetul
study kadiiq
lo extmmvc
memy. area of apnttonr.

to tk
mmmmd.
formd
about tk
Tk
k+ro,md
md colkctlo
md rqtdpncnt
and tactical doctrine.
cncnry &vitics
tkt
mun
mw
well invc+mos
Knorkdgc
area. wth
mnnrt
mfonmho
mtell&moc
office,
intelbgna
ia e&d
patin
to catiy
or egrtxe.
a mteuiiae
d. A mdrutton
study
panrctdar
(3)
ally
EElC
and other btteUigcc
mqtmwwnts
fall tto one of two broad atepnes-those
to cbaractensucs
termm. md
of tk
*ma of opentions
hydwnphtc
coodmonr)
w!ncr&lities.
must &o
haw
c,Cle aspects of tk
wtha
b,cctwe
lc+d
md emwxmc
local popolact
intclligmcz
tk
aret
oft&r
mod qmcies
eoncemow the pop&
Thla mdodes
condittonr
avadabk
of the mlkctton
sod lirmtattonr
to tk
mmnund
swo.
(3,
t&a
(4,
forces. Tk
fundiu
of tk
wttb
scat~ccs
opcnbo~
EEI
Tk
ttemm,.,..sata
to alxphtdc
enor,
mtorm.tlo.
,, cotmoal,y
At
wc,es
other
c&cted.
may haw
focused on
ares of opntians
~.iys,.
of m
u gmemlfy
of cokctm
mat6
tonnqntratc
onp.rtc.
interest
mmtk
arem of po,a)t,aI
This c&dated
proportwts
only
d&
cm k
reduced
If the plsnnmg effort
tk
p-a
ape
or e.idece conamtng
within
EEI relative to tk
rel.tiwly
Determme
ampk.
laatwa
my oktadu
z&ad
5 rmks of Objectwe
of .mas of appmpnate a=,
for hebmpter
I.
to torrmcn,
from &a-A
md
kdiutioions
EEI would
havmg adequate
nod anditto~
=d
A EEI might be_ Detemtbte whether there ut

RED.
swe, to thh EEI an

riven
LR* of
For example. M
smtabk
approaches uad exits, uld xttb suit&k

topognpby.
times. the mmmndcr
risks VI the employmat
,$,rarcas
while
temporanly
md order ot
endcnce concwnvlr
which would k adequate to satisfy this &xxdar
mcct,o
ncnnal
Tk
may k.
landing mes
for xcompllshmmt
effort
rakdrted
m.y
weather.
the enemy.
k
rcquinnr
the.
wrttlnlng
(e.k,
attitudea of tk
fnendly
most also be mmpktcly

apabdiheh
located
the po&iiul.
and tk
toward the enemy md
wdrldbty.
and hydmq-
gen-
md thoee pcrtammg
mformrtton
UI
UI sat%
thne
Indsanons.
tk
Brat step
which wll a&t
enemy. hu capabibber
terra.
Tk
rqllt~m,.
to tk
tachcal effects of wratkr.
of a
reqtorement to deter.
kttk.
to tk
*ano(l(l
intmtlo
most have adqute
rrpby on operattonr of both enemy md friendly foms: he
rrpud
tk
whrcit to draw cooduaons.
what endcna
fyii
of
all of whtd, karo
a paw&r
uly mdenae.
vanma
he most co,,uo,tsly
the objectwc
tk
fmn
resowccs .r&ble
indicate the adoptton or rc~cctio of a

of
otfomtst,o
is to analyu
oKtc.r to determine tk
pat~cular capabd~ty. Siilarly.

chrnctcruhea
aa a conhnotl
orpntunon,
nqoucmentr
tnd wbordbwe
I order to satisfy EEIs ad other intcUigee.
knowledge of tk
mtelliqmmr. oft&r
enemy, mdudsghk
areas enables the mtelliicncz
tk
pllnnmg
adjacmt.
mlei-
planing
enemy to adopt or te,cct a CaYtK of actton.
(2)
to collection
h&w
IdlUtios
req,oremets,
Esvnhal
ud
de4rem of errluatton.
progress of the collectto effort

(2)
colkctm
INDICATIONS
(1)
to
mnstattly
commmder
asasu biir
topmduec
eODY.
rcspand
offi&r
m theu ph.
tta upbditiea.
inteUfgcna
wdh
col-
Intethgecncereqtore*nts
but da&@ aa tk
the mlkcho
mlatln
urd
re.
tkm
mmm~dr
has staff re+wwbRity
lectlon of iteu,qence lforlum.
for tt to k
1 uleu cffort$
of deduced o,,eU,,ce
of the comrmnder
mtelli~nec
pmvtdcd
uld he p,o.,da
witbh
cmmders
At each edteka
rcfkcta
Tk
opcntlo.
mteUiiert
E*cry armmmd.
bpnoc.
(1)
pubculu
mod which as kyund
Tk
of his subo,db,,ta.
Md adJaat
a. GENERAL
for tk
to pmduoc. I a, ~ph,b,ooa
rcquued WeWnoc
COLLECTION
also pwnda
u baud in I lirge messme o ultcllwna
quiremeb
ning
404.
canmadcr
the,, c.p&iiihu
mteU,-
tkw
Tk
lntcilyna
tk
of the-x rcqotoxncnts md
oerau mikctt
Ocher
to k cammdcnd aa EEls. but which must
Clae
~CDC officer md atkr

recap,
REQUIREMENTS
s,rey~u.
of tmks md LVT3
Indie&xw
the pmsma
tmmdutcly
which provide an M-
or &p.
steep slopes. lh,ck
of unfotdabk
woo&
oc mushy
are*
FMFM 2.1
Analysis of inldiia
rqukmenh
nlrtive to
cqdtiltics e a mudt more
prEss.
&ally. the mteilignet
officer debrmnea
bkely to be for,bmmng
ba
adopt.4
m&t
hdmg
Zone PINE.
mme the mdiczllooa

,k
prcpmtioo
,,$I,
m&t
r,rengthenmg
For cxunpk.
edteloameo,
of
(d)
at EEI
which m&t
nd
m.l
poatiooa
r~a)~aman(~.
cotmcemcoamaksm~~
pa,
qskm,
scrcenr. .mblii-
ckanoce
mca-eu~ , r0U-y
of m,oefieMa
firu.
(8)
mdicawas
amsa uld a,,.&
of ubUecy. Other mdiuhoru
p,aoUb,g
nd
may
W&
lntelliina
am
ngullcmen~
lnllyzcd
connming
by de,emuGng
enmy
vol.
the mdeaoos
There 1s no atndud
a p~culrr
wfam~ce
of opposvlg
md,e.uoa
lit
of ,d,cabona
EEI or other m,elligce
conocmlng ,be coemy. Tk
,h.,
4,
rquscrrnb
intelligeoencroffice, develops his
10 fit the putiatlu
enmy
a, the plr,icullr
,ime
sod in the pa~ctdat
ama of cmcocm. Appendix C illustrates
bow mdicamoa m&t
h developed aa evdenee of likelihood
of an enemy attrck. defense. nmforcement
ad pasrble rm-
ployme, of nwku
cmphaazcd that these
mdicatlons am prcw,cd only as UI exampk oi this puhcu.
,lI
(6)
aod put
exist doMs
others.
mnbibbea
,crram under
pcrsonabtics of oppob
utg enemy commwien
of .rsrmbly
other obstacks.
knowledge of Le
ou, co,rol
enemy I,&
me, of a obsenahon
uld
up&My.
of a &trek
be mcrcurd
of hi, probabk
Tbia reqircmcn, 1s rndyzed lodctn-
eleme,s. forward moveme, of enemy RY~C
ynaz. or farwud
ad
If the enemy wdl atuck our forcer UI
for iumcbmg tt Some of tbur
be occup.,m
bq afawy
,mun
if the enemy prepared lo adopt o(
I p.rclcolu
be. Determme
what endcnce u
Sound undemuodinq of ,he enemys or of
(c,
(5)
cnemy
Mdligcno
h&d
prMx%s A list so*
u *ia
cano, be sota-
for baste md~ca,mnsdevelopsd as a t-csul, of study of
111acnul Lwn.
vhtch an likely 10 exu, vhen my partmolat enemy voherab,,,,y
dcvclops
F&n
to btkrcrp,
s(nka
from I cer,am dimcoon or ia& of ekc,m*c
appmshtog
warning r&r
was
cwl.,,
eovenge. A mvked tnerelse in enemy dew-
may md,ea,e
eomba,
I low&q
troops ,o wan,y
hostJ,,y
of morale. A diverson
ruks YI mm are.,
c. TACTICAL
RAPHY.
twono-a
I,crcepls I a ezetor may Lodiu,e a gap io me enemy early

of
may vldate
IND
,,ons a,fecti
coucc,toon plmnmg
operation.
4, the initirhon
the mtellipnce
o&r
of bz,,,c
,cr&
for Lhc backqcund
stiier
of plmnmg
officer depcds
~telligcna
rcmy
on baste
area_ and flee,
b,fooa+m on cncmy foras whwb
ofRccr
Ona tie assault e~mmc~~
a, every ccbelo
oper~,,ons 1 the bid.
,he m,ellif,ccx
lx&
prepared a, nrtlonal
LI nerded lo develop lndxrtlons

*c
for u( amphiiicua
o, the ,e,mm. hvdroqrrphy,

YI ,he Iii1 of EEIs sd
avaU&le
nalyur
Thii Daly...
acNJ
together w,,h
Prior 10 the c+mmeeeme,
bilihw.
ated
d
p.rt,eulr
errmy npabiitler
A analvmo of Lhinahm
tm,u
,o order ,o aogwo,
~lwpm,ax~
a, ~a*
is dmmnated
n~,eUiec~
conudenuons
111determlnvls
tdeattonr
of
of ,he objechve ZRI
am
WIIU. lndodvle
oprr,tos
both canba,
d,ree,s rons,dcmbk
r,,eno
zeceacoo
Tbu mdvms
,o thev cffee& on coUecbo
For a dctrtkd study 01 ,he rlfecu

*e&w.
of vwnd.
uld YTYKZ SUP
o, terra.
bvdroq-
18.
of
opzmnoas, proudcs incnasmgly accurate liiu of idicat,Mla

wefol u, aodn,op;
and wca,bcr may be I-
u IO thcs effcc, on mdituy
an. mod rrd
mph. ad
Lh.t
opera-
The .cmys knowledge sod use of the terra
por, ,,a of both friendly and cnemv forar

effons
I1YDKOC.
o,ber sqmficur,
e,,en,v action. The dwxern,,ea

mllyred
TERRAIN,
I two WlYh cerram key
rrpcts
uc vnport~,
(7)
OF
The corrsrdcnblc mtlucna
md weather exert on ublary
do&d
rrq,,,nme,a
toward the enemy.
EFFECTS
WEATHER.
lenam. hvdroqaphy.
d. CIVILIAN
POPULACE
ad vulnera.
lo all m&c
the reliabdity and accwacv
cd&n
Acconte
mnlyes of the
enemy Lo develop lndiertions rqouer

(a)
Dccliled
of the *t-a of opntionr

(b)
t-qmpne,.
knowkd,ze
Drtuled
,ac,,eal
of UK dwac,ensbcs
as they affect mditsy
docti.
~owlcdee
of
md lo&tic
opr*,tonr
,b+ oq.uation.
methodn of Le
mcmy.
FMFM
2.1
~ornd
v&I hm
to k
uld onconvendond
placed on mporm fmm covert rgcnb
rufue
fames whwh are nonrully
uolkd
by .re. nd external yencua.
nnge
from enthurnhc
Af,wks
(2)
w a:titic
of Ihe IaJ
suppwt
effort
(2)
In the former aso.
and flow of information
from
more ddfiadL
qwntly
tit
andyres
population
to exploit alI av&bk
aerfercno?
with hia milectmll
dok,y
&dog,al
,,,z,,
mfluenac
eoo&n&d
openliw
-nues
amblda
L
freTk
cuefolly
the obrctne
souras cad ,o muumwe
P6yhlogwl
on tk
cmliao
colkehon
pop&a
pkomb
Pay-
fnendly mfocou-
agencw
keausr
md knowkdge
of
no,,. Tk
effMt
mmmvldcr
ntdf&.oca
oifiocr in hfs mfkction
(3)
,o ,k
Soorcar
uueibgena
mdividuls,
ocwnntio~.
of iofcsmahon
from them. (se
sorocs refer
agencies are My
01 ,,,,a that have awes
sod ,k
capabiity
guidmc.
&mats
,o the mtdligtnce
by mformmg him of the,,
pkmmg
phrr
for operah-.
md pobkhcd
annex. Sokequendy.
the
as puwaph
I, will r&y
lo sowas
of coiiechng miormahon
k coo-
l&ma
mlkcaon
depcnda on*,k
For
genr.Uy
&e,
of ,k
offiar
caileeuoo effon
compku,y
mlel.
of the rqwmcn,s
on the expencna
example,
ao expnenad
of the iotelfiiencc
lntelliience
does no, need 10 prepare a de&d
,o saisfy lkUlge.x
or h&copter
nmg ,o sod, cases m,y k

hnef noln
m ,k
u1 ,k
wokrhea
to some ex,en,
offfir.
WORKSHEET
nd ,o ,hc m,dUgen.x
and supwtion
abk k.cha
par. 503.)
COLLECTION
A vdu.bk
neetaslrp
Cohetlon
hb -cul
other r,aff officer, .ad s&o,-
bo, wdl appear as I senes of direetwea or rrqucs&
(1)
md
Agencru
tbeopra.
far mfomlaoon
AGENCIES
IntefUgnsx
rl, phs,aof
plnnmg
plan ts
&dated.
opcrr-
mn,mvow
mqwementa.
Dm-mg tk
mlkction
for ,k
of Uw
502.)
lxkaon
pmwdt
LVTELWCENCE
AND
p,cptEcd sod ,mpk-
guidance to tbe cdkct~on
~nooocmg
Add,hondfy.
eommmdcra
pla~mg
(2,
,hro&out
p.xdes
by delermmiog nd
of b,famaon
dowe
of tbe cwiikl
SOURCES
plaonmg must pronde
eolkcttoo of mform,tron
opcn-
poptdmx sod
collec~on
UNB ~1 well aa otkr
INTELLXENCE
(I)
r\ coUee,ion plu, mu,
c,dy m Ihr plannmg phase of a, ampb,hous
Colkcwn
speafic lntruiia
effort.
w,h
.m import.,,,
,ccem to ,be d.diill
p&a
wtbii
oLI#ratanc
Psydmk&d
donr hawe a duect
&owl
loa,ed
mntcd
tloa
A hoahk
Local nbma
enemy by concealing his rctwttcs
a&
we, ,,, o&r
,,,ost k
friendly cniliuu.
officer, in prepanng his eoikctmn
tk
(3)
coikemn
tk
intdbgeoce
ai,
ia greatly facdttated by the -tmac
pop&cc
m&a
poptie.
for
friendly openhans
dw mIkeeon
con-
mqu,nmentr
written work-
on localon
Imdmg 61,~s H.
cntn-ely mn,aI
officer
f su,-
coUec,~on plan-
or may comas, of
Lo asas, him m prepanng requcrls for mforma.
,lon
(3)
amcd
col!+etlon
witi&
k
INTELLJGENCE
(1)
ga,kMg
An
vwfwmw
bl,dUgmee
blfam.hon
loteUi2cnm
COLLECTIDN
coiketiw
from a.U a&bk
requuemcnl.
Spufiully,
the esentidtkmmts
worksket
I, is prepaed.
nquwnmrs
din&on
f.
For many mqurremenu.
wad, enemy upabibtiea
PLAN
Thu*
plrn
maas,
pamcululy
thme co+
and .ubw&Uheq
a wntten
u normaUy
adrwbk.
to k sawtied sod the cxknt
of ,he overal, eoUec,,on effort
a, ,egmen(,
soup.
quadron.
!d a pkl
for
,a meet UI
1, in Icglcal PLn for

ofinfommtroo
m,o orders
deed
in
oofy of a ktmg
of wul.bk
,a.,
to which cootbe rffectcd
md baulion
,v,i,,c.,,
c&c,,on
workhe,riced
no,k
souca
Tk
however, depends agam on the pimcu.
mmnders to rhe mteUigcna
lc*eL Lhe
ehbora,e.
colkcdon
I, may
means.
officer on Cumnt
intellipoc
x-v,uvemmts
adspaticmfommtion
,hat most
k CoUeCkd.
Lb
c
FMFM 21
(1)
Pmod ccmetd.
tdu ownboo
Gdlection
nrusion by the mmrmnder

rio is xcompiiehed.
the pnod
uin
Tk
md ia c~tmuoos
mUecho
Horrver,
o~:clliia
mbl
work&et.
rcqtite
In M m+btow
rc+orcmmts
phaa
tk
rn.y
of the opentm
directly
or nut
the w
mlb
mfommtio,
mlawe
to locam
of autt.bk
o?r.
related to
sattsfied aa I pm.
inteltiga~~
badea
,eqwre-
01 helicoptu
Iandbtg zones moat k ubsR+d 104
b&m
Tbc pcnod which is entemd at tk
top of the form in @we
4.1, tbcmfore. IN
Tk
rorkahcet
lea tb.o
rn,W k
develop or kcom
usao~
rewed
u kt&genc
become mapppmpdae.
g a &ok.
A coikctio
full teqwmbiltty
t,on cxbts
UtIoll
(2)
Column (1).
in tooeekai form
would not k
actmty
(3)
Column (ZL
other Ite&geoc
mllst k
rqokments
the par~cuhr
co.
orders ad
For cxunpkr
whh.
~qmrement.
saogbt tbat form
of mdiuuons.
mdio
paholling may k
M lndc
would k
the freqoenq
m enemy patrol
mfomuho
Tk
but ntber
to tk
to k
ccmpuly
of enemy p.wols axountemd
mdk.tton
lonmg of artttky.
forw.ld
m-
mC a&tic
the bass for a onkr
(c)
of at&
mi&t
rpw4F.e mfomuho
VI ,h
forward e&c.
to k
lrhlley
swght
by
u kmg cehelwd
the IOcaho of uhlluy
l thcac two cxallpka,
cetl u tbc ow I the bat patlo

Fnm,
tk
inf-tto
I certam amah
tk
to I&
ltelRgea
offi.
proper dcductmns.
he ~caves, tid nftetercomp,nao
Jmdy
.rti.
paroilq.
ad wktbrr
crhclacd
loward
ntb
the rnteLge.ner oftiar
I f.ct then hu h
mtetli.
(d)
off&r
beta
ot tbc
ama
lnd,cao~
mformatm
ad
Indiu.
1 fact the eemy ublkry
to a~wort
Cal
u1 ,crcwc I enemy
,s bag
the attact
form the
reqouemnts
md
studlea tbe
cotkchon effort on a rpeaftc ares For
B,, dsvelopng rpenfic lnfonnaoo
pa&k
enemy maforcement.
of ,pproa&
~t,cx,
to k
rot&
tkn
along a ptilcldll
to k
sat#~t an
he stodrs the road eta sod

to determow faglc., roates over
which celny ntnforamcnta
hul I bw
C.
lnbUigeee ofRwr cucf,,,,y
lowa tbe lnfwm,hcm

exunpl+
trlftic
d informawn
see appndrx
Tk
am, of ope,ahos and the know mcmy ntuatto I,, order to
soi,,b,e zvenw,
when auul&k,
for the dk~tlon
W+X~P
that my parttculu
bx,e*d
vked if tberr WL( a
include
10~
each
EEI
of tbe oblecbw
bass for drvclopmq spentic

atoll
Thck
dcnved from u1 ~llys~
noonsarc crdence. poatwe or negare,

wil uusfy
listed tk
waicd.
the intclbgecc
tbc wtd~cahom which he hr
of
u not uswed
mad other nqlurwmra
In column (2).
enemy ad the chwaclenahcr
for titabb&bq
m its occtor. Imtad.
mfoml.,m
of mfomutm
becomca
collection age.
In column (1) ut
*-hid,
then
agccy in mat c&l
For eruapk,
deduce wkther
tie essential &mats
sot&,
tbrt lo enemy D prepaiig to utac!i. A ntk compny
~1 spent% collcet~
tamou only cune(It utenal.
gence requwncLI
to k
Ad mqoedts for mtkCti0
I o~lkction .gecy I not wkther
For these masw,s_ a c&kc.
rmultamed
kfomution
fof speahc o&n
scetor. Amtbcr
rcq,d,w,,eta
~1 wad&k
sod type, md
ho workshcer should k
actud -It.
that of the ,,,a,
mapplicabk.
cwa cbaoge UI llmkr
tk
(b)
oi a
the. mven
oprao,
to other pluvln~+ For exu,.pk,
mnta
putt0
from inacption of plannmg vntll accomplishmet
of tlu olfonon
YulouI
plmJdg for
conncoc~ wtth tbc ncetpt or dnluchoa
woold move. Tk
kmma
rpeafic mfor-
the volum
mad or UI a puticldaf
for dcreloprng plma for w,d
md type oi
Pres. He 0
wcol~~~ce
01
for establishment of obscrvatm paats.

(4)
triei
Column (3).
oi rpcak
Column (3)
dormdon
mta7r
to be aoqht
an 01abc of
whleb *ti
sub+&.
(a.)
10 lk
Havmg detemwxd
solumm of 1 PartKUkr
lntelbgenoc
off&r
next
needed to subtaxttirte
of wea
oen
rtmov~)g
to RM~
k UI mdiuuon
in foward
marked ragemesa to k
Impmvemnt
cr,cluted
of enemy postt~~u
defrrwc. lnfwmahon
lnfommuo
For cxlmple.
v&t
,a,~,.
k
skcts
u) o,d,cr,,o
werpona
may k
Tk
of
lfr.
demonsuate
the mmbr,
UI mdtauo
ny
t-
tbae
nd
UC-
ad
armor. Tk
suitable la
sofftcrnt
pmt.
lntelligcna
oifiar
the scmy to we. Spwsic
to k sought ,s wktkror
II,
o-
a, mdicaho of UI cncmy attack
enemy ~~tuauon u he knows tt .d
in thex apafic
the prcknac ofcmmr

toatity
r.x,urementa
of gmat benetit UI dcwlapw

of uscmbly arem and
horn by memy mfntry

studies tk
b,fo,mrtlon
of pr,s
tbc occup&m
are I-ted
fro,
ceded is wktkr
If ternoval
ares w
&u
Rcluctmce
01 not primers
FocungofIhcmformahaoeollcchoncifort
o paieul.r
ot not the enemy is
areas my k
to amptoy nodear
tbc
of UI enemy attack.
needed is wkthe,
ceded u wktkr
actually lmpmtig
what
mlncs ad oktacko.
memy pmparasolu
MD
determmes
pow
r_qul~me*.
or refute each kdio&,n.
and oktadLs
the the infotmatio

.ctuaUv
what indications
urteu&a
(c,
,hro,,gh dcveloppment of spec,Re mformrbo
uate or refute each mdlcation liitcd in colum(2).
at the enemy forces
amu. Should bdh.l aesxh reveal
touts, the effort cm k directed to that

lf.xuw
for nwkv
ptaMlg
ia
developed.
ma.
of
or no, ,he enemy w
his paartmns
FWfM 2.1
cwnnunds
wbth
cull gatbcr iniormabo
tm ,o troop on,&. the list
specub8u such u coutenn:clb*ce.

uld m:enagmo.:nnrla:or
of vJuc. I rddl-
ofwemm
rndudes
mtclheena
,magety m:crpreta:ron.
pcmcmocl. The 1,1:q
of troop
unto u no: ms:ric:ed :o comba: elements.

(a,
Llorut,oo
mllecaon
FoUowmg br detcmlmr:m
to h sol&l
0, :hr *pccaRc
the m*e,*cna o,ticcr vlccw
agccas which wU be ordered or quested
rtK
to fur.
in making
hmrkcrnnrhrISgunled
bg
mndentions
of upahlty,atttabtlity. mtdhpbnhl. ad
oh lformrttorL
(i)
Column (6).
Mwellincou
Tk
m:eUiice
o&e,
dewlops a s~ple
p~(pcsa
whieh colkc:lo
mtssno~ are proaedmg
md whwb rhoold k c.ocelkd.
ren~o.
lncludurq EElk
a,d rqoerls
:uctlo,g
Agenm selected to gather mi~ma:mn
best suted fo, the task. for rxunpl,
RC(M~~LYYOC to,,: u nwm.Uy

,woo-ce
lc+tcd
a lrvned torcx
be::<, awled for .mph:bwuE
Msuo
lso
16umslste: wm me Ixtlcal or
assgcd P u::. The mclliccnce oiileer.
tbsrefon.
coordinatea many collection
muons
opentio~
officer at-4 logistica office,.
Suilrbdlty
eludes cMundeno
ol econow
qency b selected la
a prrtlcuh,
emsden
\ m-
:hul D a p,Vo: from I tic compvlv
fala,,oon colkc:m
arc
what other colkcuo
oi mew
liama::o
u culuakd
cornpans of btiomuao
by the u,: SOP A ~qutmme:
u1 mlumn(6).
md tyz.,na,h,bty
tetkd
Fiily,
~kboogh desnble.
ad mterprctcd in
oftice, c&s
menb whtch cm k
mnudcnho
adequate dntnbutioo
obtamed Fran awrrl
wwees md
oflicrr
rckcts
405.
ISSUANCE
Impkmenutm
thoac speetfie mformallo
reqoim.
combmed m:o a singk order or quest
uorkload
b&w
ofiicerrndeavors
ORDERS
AND
aena~s.
ts the kas: importa:
cos&ra-
and surtahtility rtwk
u1
:o h&c,
ORDERS
and adjacent commadr
plw
(6) Cobmu 1.5). cOlum (5) rcikcts (he w. md

r: which infmnau
u 10 be reported. lnfomuuon
&da
anims too iate is of o v&e.
The ::clbgcc
office,
in the collectto wcskdtee: me:
d,e e&
of the umunnder.
&ant.
md suhordiiae
other
staff
oNice.
tmtts. I dc:cnmmg
,cqtons prrpws
un,ts. md
ior rpc~nc mio,.
usk.5.
(I,
TO SLBORDINATE
Orders for the cotkeuo
ho are dasemmated
mtrllignee
of the workload.
tbd bmca spatied
REQUESTS
rilor:
:o
unong arulabk
of upabdt:ies
OF
of the dtmao
bon ad ssomce oi suttabk orden lo rubordt.k

quests
:niwmr::on.
:he lnkllisna
nutto u to k rqntcd.
arca 16 a:
m the remarks column, :hc
MCX ad
ingmntay
md hi,.
when mior-
tbc ln:eUiiencc officer eMlwdcn the
forth In the loncx NC 0,diudy

or xhwb
UNITS
al m:.Jl,,,mce mfomu-
u, :wo ways-,
4 itclbgccc aex Is pubbdled
e,,wm
for reporhnn the Iosa.

of a spcthc
wwues
ho u, the sclechon of aguxics. uld mwe often than not.

car&l
for mirxma:,
need no: be ,d,ca:ed under
as UI SDP item. FwUY,
m*:lo cokcuon
(e)
work-
am covered by
of mlneiields may be
on the encon SUY ofmtner can be hrndled bv pheul< SOP
intclliqcna
o&w
ACCUR:C rraiur:,o
to coke:
the collectlo
requtnmenls
the ,epo,:mg
to Y) qeency
aseenctco.Wbencrcr possible. Lhe inklbpna
brlvlce
,iorm~:,o
the SOP. For cxunpk.
ho of mmciielda I the vwt!ty
tasks mgh: h accompbsbed
order :o denve tn:eUlgeu.
more than one agay
she.: when ~,,a,
ior ,ou:tc reportrngo: ocrta
A note 16 made I the colkcbo
ageene,cs. However. a ,cqur,w,e:
by I: a: the same tmw.

(d)
prwdes
age.
A or,,: SOP for m:rll,gerr
the
hefore u)
task. the mtrllrpcna
nomullv
01 miormr::on
preJa&d
which
Romp: can.
o, miormrtm.
s mandatory II the ciiorts ofcoilcttto
aha I.
*ttb
Thu.
tvpa
wbslactonly.
iwcolkcnon
ctes are to be focused props-k.
(c)
cede to md,o:e
rqwre
acllabon oiorden
thoa
o:es on :k
o, the colkcoon a-e mco,dcd , cob,, (6) olthc works&e:.
b&we.
wqture openbons
pmt. Orders prenooziy wed
parqnpb
3 oi the
ordera aad rcqu&s.

mirequently.
orders se:
most of * mtmugahlre
over a conudcrabk
are i,eque:lv
penod of
smm,mred
u)
the anex L order du: ail ulb may be made awue l myor
~tcomtuyunce, obwvrhon.
ad nmdar lnforwm
colkct,o tasks Iha: uc :o k vndcrtaken .\laumwn ksd tm,e
Loadd be pronded to mlkcho
agncler
so that chev c.
+9
FMFM 2.1
pmpdy
p&l and
prep*
for
the ~eeomplkhmel
of
aa-
signed mks.
(2) Rwrdka
of the m4md of dkendnatian.
mden for colkc,montaska must embody me form of uly
pod order. They mlu, w, forth ,be who. whet, wb.,. whew
ad why lb necessaryfor a mmpktc undcnandm&
(3) Tk inklligncz offiocr hu primary rtrff reapon&fity
for mc prcplraon of onlcm for mfomutial cdkc.
&In Iasks. He cQordin.,cs do&
w,m omer ltrff af,icers m
me preparanonof at& arden for dw commander.Tk operations off@, may pmpam detaikd o&n fw infamrhon
c.,lkehon mwaom when the rtiwhesof the unit mnduehnnq
me m,,mon mist k c.mfuUy comdbt.kd rid, openbcar of
o,her comkt una or mtegrakd ~7th plas for the employ_
men, of supponmgTk intelligcnar officer p.rnap.,m
dime,,y m the pmpambon of such o&n
Close Ii&en ir
mamtlvled w,b ,k colkce~ agenc,es,o obtsm adviceon
the fcwbdrr, oi task md ,o der, ,bem ,o pw,bk m,s,o~
obmled,
on memy mae*enLI
wLm ita?mne.On the otkr
had the common commnder wu generallypmrnk how
mqwsu fa vrul rewnnatsmncechmddk rubmined by a
ground urn, ,o a arpparting UT mdL
c. COLLECTION
REQUIREMENTS.
Tk meam of
mqveshngspcuic inteiUgcectdkction muQom m:
406.
SUPERVISION
EFFORT
OF THE COLLECTION
etc., am focuxd no, only on & posibk commvld post but

on developml: miomwion on Ihe wmy foxed dta, midtt
ul,nm,t
un,bspdidy
For exrmpk.
may k dkcdy
fMfM
2-L
c
FWFSI 21
,,,,,,a of xhwh
,hey have knowledge. Ruonen
best source of infonoatlon

brery mean& puacul.,ly
emecm,q
ktter can candy be concealed fmm frkndly

(2)
Informahoo
of WLT includa
cf,ic,e*c%
colkcwo
efforts.
from p,,sooen
and dnpoatlon.
howcnr.
de.
aincc *be
combat
s**hn of supply. and fuhlle c*pa&li,k*.
,,n dewed from p-m.
be ,he
mall&
that EM be btumd
troop ,denhfiutrn
m,y
enemy no4e.r
rurrwe-m-wf~~
Infomu.
m.y no, h ,,me$.
a,,d
a u&
pmoocr may be Ihe SOurn of only bnued informs.
boo. lncca@ian
develop iullr
Maximum multr
carchd hmdlii~of
(3)
own
a wr~cuk,
aka depend upa
.spc,
r*ufol
of a d,u.t,on.
intermphoa
and
p,iaoocn
Enemy darrkrs
Svlcc the enemy m.y plant false desertem, rep&s

gaoo
from dekrters
UC ckuiy
marked P
horn dcscrter. Eoemy woondrd

to i,cwogal
ur, fkn
ma noowoooded
mema sod m&s
of idehfica(lon
a,,d dead pmndc o&r
1.
are scgrcgakd from other pns
of war. othenrlse they we haodkd in Ihe same omooer.
of b.t,k
of inkrro.
ulformatlon
,n,c rcspwwe
p-n
of w&r. ocu-
found on boul wounded
and other iofom,aw,.
FRlENDLY
PERSONNEL
and escaped from enemy tcm,nl
cnd,tmnr
fomr
ha
, ,um*
penotu. ad
DOCCMENTS.
or UCYL Pmnded
,xonde
,.a~
Ibe d-,a
more x-chbk
doam,enU
,,b,amw
A cmmy
informamo
m&ii
lnfonnrhoo
may
cocmy forcer
are ,,bentl+
mfomw,on
L&w&cd
coo~enbre
The posnbihty
of
of cmmednle cacbcal. as well as sn.

metlcldous explo,,&m
cavpr,es
arc vrnned
ho wt*
coon,ennklligena
1 ,hw so*.
bc.1
aod ~ba,egu
roemy eqtupmen,
wnu
InCama,,oo
of ud,hn,cd.
value can be obtamed

caphued
f,m
m,clRgena
purpolca. Tkn
trctirally.
For cxampk.
,xaibili,y
of I chemiul
I,, LYDIGENOUS
who haw hen
rbk
wilhii
,a~.
,.
ESEMY
enemr suul
SIGNAL
COMMUNICATIONS.
commomertiom
~dcnmica,na
Intc,csp,ed
pronde mformauoo
loc~(1os. dkpcs&oos,
and
on enemy
conkmpkkd
operabons. Enemy co,o,oo,c~bo116 em k a source of mforvalue to the tachcal commmder.

,ce ,rwmbsl
puhc-
83 c0mm+
~lpl%-d.
docuv&e
thr, cao h explo,,wl
eaP,um of stocks of &cm,c.l
&Us
position may &en a comm.od
,o ,h
a,&lc
(See xe. 6.)
PERSONNEL
Indlgnc,,s
cncmy contmlkd
x)(I,ccs or inr0rti.
m e,ue-
affaim pwxonocl in
an ccasmw when
roemy nutcnel wdl pronda rnfomutioo

n, a, enem ar,dk,y
sod cml
may have !im,,ed dime, or on-
medkte combat io,eRigeocc vabte, but have the patut

for rurtruic
*sloe. Persmnel of thuv
,,ems o,
by our forces. Gp,umd
sod captured m&ml
refweo.
they may hare
carefully by ,tcno,+ra
,rrr,v Llcc, I, luwe, kwk.

\lATERIEL
nnliuls.
enemy shoos rdbunly
under to detect .od rppmheod bae crowen sod enemy ageols.
~PI o, immd,a,e
(xc xc. 6.)

g, ENEMY
on enemy
they may
that ptiwncrs of wu h-
am uruallv no, btwd.
,C)OE. aloe VYIloD
docome,
on naral
.a f exac, lees-
mdstiry observers How-r.
mfocomooo of combs, intiwecnec

ENEMY
chc cncmy. Tky
m ,he arca and bmded mform~,,
md bmes of observation
per-
capfurt
we their return
r,,b
,fml*h
They may be ooabk , supply dal.
d,,pkced
f.
sod nwbsn
norm&
1 h.v,og succesfullP avozdcd cootic,

mry, neLheks6. a lbk
are no, trailed
be soy form of mco&d
M,btiry
roooc, of our own and Allied forces who hwe w&d
plmcolwly
They &.a ma have knowkdp
sew
pemo,,,,e,
may be 4.
cooarmor
,c,ra,n.
of enemy ina,~ations
md
I.
TILti
EFFECTS
4hD
Duds. muks.
4XD
RESIDUE
CHEWCAL
uld &It
AND
fngmen~
OF
ENEMY
BIOLOGICAL
PROJEC
AGENTS.
am MU,QS of informauoo
o tbc ,vpe utd ubbcr of enemy sapporting weapona. Craw
3.3
F\IFM
2.1
I
. .-
.*
b-R
OI)LR
. . .
-IR
FMFM 21
(j)
Force. repwta dttectly to the Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Fora.

md b., gcncml staff tesponahlity
lot a matten
pertattg
Develop+ m.bxtaiw,md
the Marme Carp
Intelbgata
reftas
rwtnd.
Greet Denlopm+t
Rwam.
to the b,teUigmct mtivf!ies of the U.S. Aii Force.

(k,
(9)
Hasdquonerr.
of Inteibgutce.
bk
U.S. Man..c
Hudquuten.
f.x the fonmdrttoh
pIaIM_ pmgna&
prdickd
hurmn
irtteugenec. commtutia
kguage rcqutremen&
He peti-
The Dbector
mm.guntt
md tylagxmet
pertaig
(IO)
to tteuigece.
staff cogtz..x
of M,txc
me, of Sue.
Deputmvlt
lotug
career development.
pr-
of tteufgena
ad Reea4.
for fretg iteibgeD

tmpwtmt
impkmcnts
cmectt
Mattm
wttb mtrUiacac
Corps respoMtbditleJ
otttt~.tcd.
pktts. nports.
I
ad
poaon
ui pnttapal
pobey ad
asa,tm~
(6)
of p&sent
Pmndca fat the ma+
lntelligmce to the Commmdnt
Headqwten
plms, pobcies. opentrond
and wpmstbiiti
cotltent&gccc.
md ekctro~c
(d)
in
Fomttitca
dte field,
af
~typt&.gy/agn&
combat
ot State
Vltb other rntelligence drgmt~ttmu
out the dcputmmta
nrposbility
t tbc tteib.
concepts, docttme.
tteuigece, eauun-
warfare.
UI motdt.tio
lteuigece.
mt&gece.
wufam.
Seeunty Counl.
aim prondes staff
officcra of the Deputment
With rppropnlte
wttb
staff agmctc+ tweatri~ md dewlopmmt
ekchrmc
cartyvlg
Ii-
and fleaear&
m hu
00 forerg
uI the tiebis oi itelbeea,
ctyptolwy/agak
ieat,m,a rcunty.
ad uttulw
of
genee prc+mm of me gwlct.
Dcvelps, 3 cootdbutm
staff agmcta.
ptiak
md hn rtatf at
Mume Co+
(c,
te*iquca.
md dwmttnrtlon
of the Naho,l
oi Intelligmes
to the pdicy
of state.
for prowding the
adriser to the Preudent
UI a mmber
The Ducctor
rtudla.
a coordmated
rot the Dcp.rtlmt
u hu u~pm&bty
b,teUigcncc support rcqttiuind by tbc Scmtw

Diichugw
Depwr.
The Director of IteUigencz md Rewrch.
of State. develop ad
Puticululy
the foowtg functmns.

(a)
over the
Cwps
of the Nwy ctyptologte acnvtttu.
Dheror
mteUigece. cgrptolcgy/siqnak
md intelligc~
ptmut-,
of
-ty.
forw@l balm.
Excrua
md .dtmktwtm
Depa&et
U.S. .Mmc Corps. ta tcw.a~~.
cmrdm~tto.
Md
mutetmtdJigmo.
&z-p,.
coutennteuigec.
communtutionssecuntv.
md mmitora
apprc-
requirements
plogrcs
md
on research md
AREA
AGENCIES.
umfied commrnd
kwl
c-t
The lntelligenoe ~$cues at tbc

of
derelopment ptqccts in tespawc to those mquiremcnu.

(e)
AnJywes Jotnt Chiefs of Sbiipapen
whtch
are of G.2 dwtsm cogtrace. md recommends posahos for

appmv.l
md
UT by mC Commmdmt
at meetings ot tbc
,ott Chiefs of stair.

(fj
yvlc~
agetie
attom
the actions of 0dl.x
cowxmmg
gmoc tatten of blatat

(g)
iteUigec.
to the hlumc
lhrutom
Mame
U.S. ltcui-
aad countctmtelb-
corps.
Corps parttnpadon
t tbc
a a member of the Yi,ita,y
Intclb-
Defense Attache System

(h)
gmu~oBwd
(i)
taty rmccs
Sena
(MIBL
Executea military
liako
wtb
foreign mdi.
md thett United States tvptcsetahrcs.
1
t
FWFY 2.1
mnrmt~ond
photoyrsphy.
tbennal mfravd
n&t
adc&okiog
(IX) sosoo.
photography
asbomc
the 4u&c.o
tar exploltatloo
n&r,
by unyry
of ,bc Marmc amphibvxu force. di*irioo,
md
pmducc~ day sod

inkrpre,cn
md wcralt
mnlormaon w
hot photo tq.xt
app. X. form 5 forexunpk

D dtascmload
(IPIW.
xmg.
(HOTPHOTOREPI
format.) La
(See
cnherl miormaaon
by amtlll photographic intcrpnwioo
report
(See app. X. form 7 or example format,) The IIlC
doa
no, perform wppkmcn,aJ
dou
II accomplish the processmg sod dtmbutlon
gnphy.
Suppkmnut
crploitahoo
kterprctw,o
of onwry.
perfamd
by dw remuninr: ooagwy mtevrcten
the *too,
HAGTF.
Soppkmenta,
mbw the -
Since dx objcc-
it D collocated wth
~~LSS,IOLckmentl4uadroo.
lost tone m wwoiw
nomully
the onway
the unal
WFP-3.
Tam,
d,o,,,,e
intelmg.tlcn-miw*tor
team
C-b a<1officer
uld
LO enlisted mea. MC0 38W.1
sets lath
the number of
ITTs rarwoed per divmmo md their Imqrure/lin~~

d,MctCr,sS1Ics. InknwUon-transk,loo
,ramed to m,errog,.k
ocf. u,d ,o tno&,e
c.tfkkndy
enemy docomenlr.
,o umtr
ui rquued.
usuJlv
Y only
bm,kd
by
of mforma~on
cooonul
rttshed.
plo,,
captorrd
that ITT personnel
Ihe mfocm~hon
The soppo+M
and logistic suppon
For a dueusloo
enemy pamoncl.
force. The MACTFIkodmg
toot must
to the ITT *k.
of the USCof IWs

documents.
to ex-
md matcnd.
Fwher-
outted
to tbc IIIC
byed
for bwprc,ation.
LI ac+ompU&d
,rrpretrhm
\,xnne
F.id,
touts are prorded
diuioions. atrcraft
no,,, of 3 offkers
~.
,xrd.,,lrkn
ekment
otficermd
teams (I
,oionn&on
thrroal
lnterprerrron
(1 of,icer
5 eoik,cd).
lmnqey
(d)
on dw xopc
eifort
md effcchcncar of the cncmy cowt tot&imd the threat to the commlnd
penoos
cwdiaos or agmu.
obtaomg
Gine
sod 2 enlisted)
Imagery tntcrpmhrs
md
and mos
o,
orpmwooo
ad
loor
uquuc
of image obtamed by cy~~ru.
Iowoed~e
fmogery
I,elprewfo
km. wU be employed to sopp+R opnllom

Lhc \IACTF.
lfACTF
of
staff,
G.2
.wts,mt
mndockd
by
units orgmw
to Fket
oqgmzrhoos.
of mmtwy and to diwminrtc
Uanoe
Carp,
of 3 officon md
ran be dr\,ded mto four wbtcuru

men each. Coun,erm,eLpna
cqupmeo,
of I
teams
of the 4i22
~nek
Aa fntelli-
YC Lwked by tbc a.wtao,
10 aceomplkh
rpeufk
chief of staff. G.25 prinnp.l

matters. the .swtlll,
olftetr
ad-
htef
ddef
CoontCMfL~neC
Slnee the rhf;ro,mteMelligtnce
rtrfi
111w,q.
u the
on mootem+
ot staff, C-2 exucfsea
con&o1 and suupemsroo of the team tbmwh
ewntcMtcUtpce
oificcr.
wan
am aasmwd IO maor Fke,
Three
team
are oommlly
CouoteMkUipcna
.Man,,e Force comniuds.
.aepned
10 each hlAF sod ooe

Fame Pacific ad
iW&
Force wood
au un,. The poxpow of the UK ia to conduct rapd cx-
plottatwo
*e
tacchcaI ioteresL
orgamzed and cqtoppcd under tables of
zc:cn.xspecmbst teams. Uw
ob,ec,,er.
immedlak
pcrsooncl are cootuocd
The IlICbcompaed
,,,wp~t~uoo
ad
cenrer
The INC. rhen activated by Fowe or MAF berdqwr-
of
pwumoel arc cap&k
,cam, arc compmd
sod 2 cobskd
tel.Ueena
urd side-looldo~ vrbome ndu.
and fnendly
sllfl
troop
Forcer
cootsc, wtb
local pobcc. panmditary.
mlonoatioo
a-e force
from abo@e.
of tbar
countedn(eUi~na
CounteMklb~a
o,,,cer
men cormsu of a
Cowte~teUi-
mdiinw
d,u,on,
taddig
by the m,cUipcncc
souro(* lo pmnde mformacroo
uld subvemioo. By vlrtw
of
horn
wdt be arb
Final miamo
rsp,onagc,
hn d,,ccUoo.
(c,
,,,KJ.
,eqoesk
Coonrenoulkqeoce
m-
of oramuatmn
wow+, and Fleet

sod 22 e&ted
by mlrrprrtat~on
iofrared -m,
Dnru.
m tabkr
offkor &dates
rrsulb
by the wastao, chwf of ,a% C.3.
pncepcnondCan
rxpiat
vobstcd me,, ri,,>h

Imagery
wkcb
opan recommcodatroos subm,,,ed
offtar,
mlg, h
omb of the kodttg
force lnktbgena
un,k and w,bb&es
countcnntrU,penoc
<tc section 6
(b)
md mqor
sod coomffdates aU imqclcry reconn.waoce

ubordmrte
sno
a&bk
and wery effort should be made to oumkm
admoustntlve
mot
md
not below battaboo
Prfsonen am a alulbk sottree
flow for crplothtim
the IllC
They opcrr,e most
The type md scope oi mfommhon
cao r4wrc
,roln die source* UIcy explat.
,,,o&
are
enemy person-
Y teuns but may be broken mto subklna
suu.ud
krrl.
grow
team paoooel
detamccs md capered
htxeen
recoo-
Tbk prweo
ior,nterpre,.t,oo.
omre. a posme. mpd mems of commuruc.tiom

pro,ded
to
u dim,,,.
totecpretahon report
format Y the IPIR
he of the IIIC U pd.
usl+
erplottahca
ated by the supplemental phot#

(SUPIR).
nor
of pbots
and apectal atud,w am
cndcal intelbueoet
Fke,
\lanne
Fnree .Ad,ohc.
co,mtennkUirm.x
Cootrot
LCUM at the MAF
eosure u1 rconomrc.l
llenbk.
ad
sod coordbutnm
kr,
h oxnh.I
coo,d,oatcd
of
to
rcspmre lo
FMFM 21
SEffION
6
HANDLING OF CAFI-URED ENEMY PERSONNEL,
DOCWMENTS. AND MATERIEL
c
c
10 SOOK
put oi hu ctothlne If o tips UC awkbk.
under o, Ihe cwor, s wcn

.
a mmorwdum
Ihc c-
r,aMg:
Date and hmc o, CI~,R.
Pka
of capture (lap
wordblabs
0, r&r-
rnce pa,)
.
l,,
Clrcums,arlce
etfreunpcapluce.
Documents
of capture.
md
sqwnen,
cl~tuud
n(h
plISoW.
d. TRE,,THENT.
Wed
c~my
Conrenho.
(1,
The
overall treatment &t.ca to cap
penonnei mus, be in
Tk
following s,ep~ apply:
V~Ial
xgmre,w
of p-n
a, all ,cs
(See par. 60le.I

(3)
my ,,,gra
Prcrc,
pnsonen
Irom dktard@
or document DO, t&n
OT d&roylng
or orrlookd
by ,be
b3
FMFM 2.1
EMPLOYMENT
(2, ln,e&ence ckwii,wn.

eksuicd by d,nsian and b&r
groups1( fdlo**:
of immdkk
Documents wll be
headquarren mto four
(a, Typr A. Daeumen,(s, co,.aW ml-tron

,actlcaJ0, a,nk*c value.
(c) Type c. Doeummqr)

of ksservalue10uttcigenccsoifs.
of immdkte tleticd mteres,

which wdl be obtamed qu,rcs ,bc mos, expeditmushand.
bng md dlacmtna,,on ,I it is to k of rduc ,o rhe commands.,. Such dlgcmuuuon should in&de mum,um (ge of ora,
nporhng by tckphonc. radio. and pcmonai l&on co~ten,
w,, ,he vcun,y of ,hc lnfomtlucm and ,hc c,,hc.b,y of ,he
dma,on. SiiAcan, infomtrtion diimmakd
immed,rtely
wdl be in ,he forma, cantied in apqcndix F. Wlxm d&&d
,,,fo,,,,.sx,, of, specuic tug, is obtuned, other applicabk
f-*,s
in appendix F may be uxd. AU such infommhon,
whe,be, nported by ol or wittcn repOn
(INTREP)) in the manner dacnbed above. wdl akn
be included in one of ,he fdlwmg in,cno@ion rrpor,
fomu (See app. E,) Care must be excrnscd in th,a ktter dii
,emmabon 10 md,ea,c that the information was prrnwsly
repwted and is no, confirmation from another source.
N,N
mornutm
(d) Tylw D. Document(a) mntauw no mfomu,, ef appumn,rrlue LOLn,elbgcnec

staffs.
b. \fARKINC OF DOCUMENTS. All documnb wdf
be ma&d a3 fou0%
(1) Idenqiirmn L&err. Documen,, 4, h ,awd
howmg the n.tlonab,y of the c.p,w.ng forct by the nahonal
fdenh~
klttrs pwsaibed m STANAG 1059. .V&on.d
Db,b,yusbfnF Lana, /or Ur by All iVAT Armed Forcer
(to be usedby MAGTF operanngwtdun NATO).
(4) Date/Time o, G,mce. The date uwl hme of

cap,u,eof the document$wdd be gii*cn.
(5) The detaikd bttetm@km repor, wll be wed lo
q.x, mfommticm obtdned in ttu cou16cof subsequentin,c,,c@,on o sckcled infermgeu. The form., for ,bu ,epon
u eontuned ,,I append* E.
602.
ENEMY
(5) Pkm of CQphlm.

Thepkoe of
cm,dbla,rs ,agwcn
crpture
Wllh
map
(6) Sunmaw Grre t wmmuy

uadcr rbi& the documen,was found.
of CI-,uw
DOCUMENTS
L CLASSIFICATION
OF DOCUMENTS
(1) Secu,y CLluffimrph Dowmenu (except for

cyptmphic
documenb whkh always will be hlndkd aa
c HANDLING
OF DOCUMENTS Gpoucd docume,,,, am ,o be fonwded wt,hou, dsky by the capturing
MI, to ,be m,clligmce officer under whom the unit k up==
,,I,& Donrmau ,aka from a p-r
of w., ucevacuaud
wi,b Ihe pnroncr.mcustodyafthc guud.ro fha, the PMane,
6
FMFM 2.1
be mtenaged
es,,
tbc
1(
content
of the document.
though no ~cuty
CJamtfieatton gMen , fonwd
apt,,nd
wd, be handled as SECRET mrknat.
docomnta
d. TRANSLATION
te,bqe,,~
OF
r~amto~ttoo
DOCUMENTS
lowest kvel rt whtdt toterrc$at,On-tr.ndato,

attached. Tbk cramtodtoo
effcet on tbe cum,,,

0,
dtcmattvc
pkcs at the
~rxooocl
wdl bc bnef md far ti

of local tacoed inter&
(3)
are
popa
WI,
1, contams cxtmpw
to the local tacttul
mfomwloo
rekhog
wit be mpooabk
or desrmetton
for pkaog
to order to pm.
Lx&t-e the anwd
of
pemoncl.
sttuaoo. The format for a humktlon
(4)
DOC
Ill tccbnrcd documenta should be ,a&
or otbenue
MATERIEL
ldcntifkd
captunoq UUD or .ppmpnate

e~plottatwo
rimed
ENEMY
mc,
by the qmck.
the precedenct deter-
only. Nor.
rrpot, u contaoed in appendu E.

603.
wtfl
enemy eqwpment under gurd
Iwtxo&
tedlntcd
arc tmtumttti
submttttng the report.
Umt commlndcn
tbe aptwed
,,,a~, a complete tmoskttoo of a docome,,, WI no, be oude

a, this k*el uok..
eitoahm
IneuLo avukbk.
mmed by the wmmlnder
The tntttd to-
ot docomcntc wdl tab
of obtuomg mform.ttoo
Al-
area.
of
captured
TECH
in order to rvotd dcfacmg by

ycnclcb
docomnls.
so tbrt to the notmd

the commaad
CM.
cao pm.ide duplicate copies for tbc go,d,,,oc of tech-
nted peramoel in tbelr cxammatmo. AU wch coptu fhoold

aczompaoy captored mrtenel.
HAKDLING
OF CAPTURED
ENEMY
UATERIEL
b
(I)
Haodbog of captored cncmy matend
the s,rff cmaoct
G-4. a we,, ~1 the -atmt

ehrf
of staff. C-l
,u,,mq
chtef ot rt.tf,
dtsemtortn
to war Irophw
mks
G-2. The awstaot
md
nprl.tions
rcsponsbk
for detenotorry
for tecbntcd
xbrt
captund
~ntcllignce
materid
cxplottatton:
wtll be
PRELIMINARY
and
when marruy
.ubmttted
postbk
Uotts ,ocab,tg
enemy cqotpneot
vdoe robmtt t pmlimtoaty tcchmul
cemto3 I,. These qwxta
are dacnbed
Those cootammg infomatton
of pobntid
wpat
to parwqdt
coo603b
which could hare M oomedtatc
REPORT.
Y woo after the xqtittoo
once ekownt
IUtsof
thmo@
tb+ idlown~
A prbm,.
ir submttted by each ontt whtch cap

The report u
of the eqtopmen, w
sod w dtreeted to the dmF,wed

appropn~te chvloek
tcehntcd tot&
The repurt coo.
,fomuhon:
locrtton
(coordtnem).
Dllc foood.
Type ot eqotpinent md qoaouty.
.
(2)
o&liqnce
TECHNICAL
naw tcchotcd repwt
tows soy ugnificant ttcm of enemy eqotpncnt.
md the
chtrf of staff, C-J provtdea for t~spwt~tmo
d.ponftoa.
per.
the aststaot chtef of staif. G-2 IS
-t-d
~snar,,
fdb under
of the 1d6utant chrets oi staff. G.1 md
Ongm or apparent sooroc of item rf known.
Rnef dcscnpttoo IV,& diitioguuhi
Tedtoted cbanctcnaics
Swutttm
Time md onvjn of the message.
marks_
wiL ao tmmedute vduc
al the commlndcr of captwbtg ~ntt.
03
SECTION 7
PROCESSING OF INTELLIGENCE
of
inlom~hon
effccure
in relation to exh
orblc ad , dwemm~ttoo.
0,
other sod u pvhcolarly
as m ad to toterpretattoa
,,ml,
on,
It forther swvcs u a ral-
smw I, pctm,ts the m.dy transfer
0rrdr*s
The
enemy
hoold
pmwde extcostve cnoogb corengc
m,dig
of lfrm*tt
hi&
are cap&k
ccemed.
concemrnll I
t tot~eriog
I, loold
of the ant,
for a gwe echelon cnougb of
not ooly the cooduct of cone,
tm# b, the plaonrog of proJected 0, antlapated

hp,
ur.wood
rmmy
task forma
~t,,,oo
, s,$O)
,aee,
oomuUy
pen-
penboos.
number: the tame the infomubon
ently
rcerscd.
,ea,vcd: ngmanng a,tecy o, sddrewe:

md diipwtton
acqxd
s,,.
of ,be miormasoo.
1 an mcugmesagc
and olesqte
urdcr of ~0um.l cot&s.

a b,,cf dwoooloacll
0 tbc mesa+Y It-
,ile I tbe numrnral
The ~umd. m addition to prondmg

accoim,
index to the joomd
a bncf of the atem.
The ~omrl entry number

sentemd
.m tided in ,bc ,oum*
of eventa, thus ezrves aa a
file by whtch tt 11)supported. The wmll
coven a st.,ed pen&

e. JOllRNAL
m.p
wu sent.
o, noccd. Lhc date-ttme group of me.ea.se rent or
omuUy
21 hours_
mqotre three
serlw:
4 large scale ,act,cJ
rh,ch
,ermn
wU
o,,ps of d,fferet
(.,
map
the R.
sod ali enemy f0rces
~~tb the &MM
mdude
the ama to IwUtate
stNltlil
1 wm,,
puml
(approxlm.tely
coven the cotwe forec bcachhed
to a depth of 15 , 20 mkr
plus ad-
Thu stuat~
m,p ,s wed m the conduct of ground pentmm.
FILE
The ,omll
fik coaststs of incom-
mg sod outsow messngu of a mtcUigece a,~ fded UI

the mncal
order of atpncd ,umll cotne~ I, wpporta
the rntetbgmce wmal
sod, Lowtber wth
ndcs a compktc *cad

xcooo.
oi wenta prment
Ibc wornal &.
pmnder soorc mates,

bgcna rrpor8.
along wtb
the loomal.
wo-
to tbc tntslligcna
tbc t*lUgncz
lo, the p,epuat,on
loom&
of penod,c mtel.
mtelligenec summanes. and other to,eUtgena
rep&.
f.
INTELLIGENCE
WORKBOOK.
workbook pcrmm UK unogemcnt

by wb,eet
facdttrlu
(c)
(approxooately
small suk
map or ~erttlcal
which
1:1.004000)
pbtbioua objective arex (AOA)

&out
cowa
char,
the c,~R
am-
sod beyond , distaoas
of
agaowd
The
for mady refeercna md compmsm,

funher
proocaring md
m my pnsenbed
fort,,.
of the intelligcoa
md
disrmmatioa
tbu
It 1s not
but should be dinded to
fit ,he needs of the ser. For a dercnptloo

gaoiutl
itelUgccc
of buomrng toformat
sod s(gested or-
workbook, we appndtx
G.
4.50 natutcal mdca from the center of the AOA. Thvl
m~at,oo
nup b aed
nom. such uurftelds
to mcord those dap
coemy wtalla-
g. DATA
(I)
. (2) Thecnemv
~ltaon
nm,,s
should
,,n eocem,g alI hostde ootts. regxdkar
titppwt.
show tnforma-
f&x.
wh,ch am
capable of stgo~ficao, ,o,erterece
wtth the totstoo
Mtt
eonamed
the enemy ~toauoo
of,
dwim,
s,,,JL,
,clhN
c!+u
PROCFSSMC
sod mlsaL sttes, that un affectfmndiy
p.slhM
Accordto&.
whtk
would not ordourdy
of tbc
map
show ho&de tofvltry
umta
wxi.
Wiul
the mceptloo
UK retrwd
of ,actical data prmssmg
of intclbgeoec matcntl
wgnatlv
iacdi-
4board the LHA and LCC md wttbin tbc lhtcc a,~-
mated robsyams
of the Marme
~u.Ground
System (WAGIS).
,hc toteliigcnce ffiar
Naval lntelliimce
Proasalna System (NIPS)
InteUi~enn
haa access to the

data. Data baw
files UC dindcd in, the followtog Rvv funchosJ groups:
than battaboo8, tt rhoold show know or suapcted

of
ewn
pro~ectdes I,
an&
artillery
pteces
the dincams pentiog
oo u posted o the emmy etoahoa

atd removed prompt&
11u1s or tdatcd
rbeo
infommbm
,,,to,, sod t,erpre,~hm

,oed to record differrot
crpabk
no loqer
cumnt,
now
may result in ermoew
Seplnte
of
ares. Informa-
map ., it ~1 rearwed
flrpr
of a.z,ate
type8 of ioteU&ooc.
redo&g
rots
eraloCYI be
over-
crowdii
d. INTELLIGENCE
JOURNAL
Th.
al is a rccnrd in which briefs of mesaw

mot
uda.
to the tteUigea
For ah
~chon
to,clligea
,r.
sod events prh.
am entered in duooologxcd
ttem entaxed. the journal nommlly cootaim a
FMFM 21
group IS used ,a prondc a d,ql,al s&cl

mdex lo ,be burc
rekmnce pubbca,toos m rather h.rd copy or mmma,unzed
(or,,, Ako mciudcd I,, dw mdcx may hc re,cnlces ,o publrca,,o,u obuvld locally.
(e,
Other.
The ,iks coo,amed in ,hu group
(2) The pmw-, purpow o, d,e NIPS/MACIS da,a

base IJ to suppon *he in1elbgena &ncnon ud openeon
,daoomq ad protde compkk and accwrk lntelhgcncc on
xh,& Ihc coommodcir dcnsmna EUI be made. The accom
pbshmen, 01 ,h,s reqmra ,he cxplmtlaan of d source da,a
1, each echelon UI dcploymnL Each .&loo
u rcsponr,Mc
,or 1,sown locdly gcoen,ed fdcs sod Tie records The outid
,aencJ dru hse wdl be wwnted by the lnblbpencc An+U G&r
(IAC) qmnsn, oi MACES from Lhe hemlsphenc
data brae pmided by Ihc Fkc, IntcLgena Gn,er(FlC).
(3) Of ,hc ,hree automated sobs,Wcms ol MAGIS.

me TacncJ Ekcuoaruc Rccoonamance Processm~and Evllu.
aon (TERPE) wbsystem for proceranq rkclmmc support
mew,ts m,ommbon from the BA-6A ad EA.68~s Lided
lo 1979. die Imaeery Intcrprelabon (II) a&yoen, 4, be
helded dunng 1980. md an rogm.xnn~ declopmen, m&l
or prototvpe of Lhe LnteUipnee An&sk Cen,er will be de.
brered ,o Fket &rme Force \,ko,,c for pnproduc,,on
UY dunng 1980.
703. ORDER
b INTEGRATION. Order of battic II ao mtewl pti of

combat and s,nW,c mtelligeoa. Order of ba,,k ,ogethhcr
wtg other ,nleUigenoc prmmmg to the enemy. k,wo. and
weather nwa, be colludered when de,ennn,,,g eoemy e,p,.
kb,wes pnd probable Eol acw.,,. Order of b,,,k per.
soonel are lespmslbk lo alI ioiomution cooccrwlg forc,go
md,tuy forces. A major probkm II rbe diffictdly so locaung
and ,dmufylng dw enemy and ,he mstdtso, kck o, uuful
mfomuixm. Thk probkm k campounded by dte tendency
of some mib,uy md paramdttuy forecs to make lnrqoen,
cbvlger to UN, idenhfiahon md louaon. While m,eti,yence
Y dewloped to many rielda outudc the xop ol OOR. alI
mteU&na u tdflmaely rektcd to I,. For exampk. dw erlloahoo. malws. md ioterpm,ahon of forago sccmafic md
tedlntul iniomuaon producea urlelbgencc on ,he CapablLi.
,,a and chuac,enrtlu of a weapon. but OR iofomvtion
determmes Uu effee, of ,he wcg,oor c,p&h,,e, .,,d char.
uetcnstia on enemy tacncq crmba, cfbchveo~. and orgao.
a.8on
Enemy m+tary ktclli~0c
orglmu,Iom
am of
pnmary mterer, to couo,eno,eignce. but as par, of, m,,.
stay or?,ao,zavXl they ue ako or m,ercd, lo OOB. bcuox
they concern enemy CompcaBcal. s,mng,h. an* pnoNb,wa
e COMPOSITION. Compauhw
,s the ,den,,~,u,,on
md orgvlurhon of uo,,s. I, apple. ,o speafic ,o,,,s o, coo,.
m&s. as opposed to ,y,s umtl tint, tdentlficaxm u often
c&d the key lo order of bo,tk mtelligence. betause I, leads
10 the YUwen ,o maoy quelhoos cooamln~ the enemy.
Unit idcnofation
conaatl of the complete destgtmhoo of a
speafic om,. It ldcnhfiu the oar,. vldtcatu what ,ypc on,,
I, ts. and @esIU rckhe sw.eor shcngth. Through ,dmRc.boo. the OOE vlaiyst u abk 10 de+
a bastep,c,ure of the
memy. Combned wul orgawaaon. ,hc tdentlfiutmo of a
~pcafic uo,, akkrts the mllys, ,o the possbk prcsroet of
odwr wudentllicd UND oi the organnlzatlon
OF BATTLE
a_ CESERA\L Order o, battle nsdeloed as Lhe,den,t,i.

ca,mo. rwcneth. commaod auc,ore. sod dlapowon o, the
prsooncl. emu md eqlupmen, ol my mdi,q
low. I, coo.
51~~)oi edu&d
tofonnahon rqudmdmg the fdlowmg ck.
WU.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
compostron.
Dbpmrll0.
S,ren@h
TraImnl,.
Tacucs.
l.opu,Ks
Combat cllec,rcncss.
uuallmeaus data.
e. DISPOSITION. Dtsposboo ,,, OOB ,em,mdw

co+
we of the locauon of enemy urn,,, md ,he maoner ,o which
theac om0 arc ,.ctlcay or admunsha,,cly deployed In
.dd,hoo. dwasanon melodes the rrcen,. ~,,,,a,,, and pro.
puaed or probable mocmxne of enemy ,,,,a. Locaiw,,
FYFM
21
FMFM
2.1
totdligenee. Civiliao orgruaattom under eootmct to

the Dcputment of Dciew m&s spell sbtdrsron wtoa
sublectacoooemmgfore@ sodenemy mditq forces.
L ORDER OF BATTLE PERSONNEL 008 personocl a6511the mtelligeence

ott%xr m conbnuowly plrnnmgtbe
&ct,n
cffor~ As mteUigcnceia developed.the need for
new ,nfonn~t,n anszs.md every effort i m.de to mantam
I ~oobnuooaw of OOB yfomutim by hmcly requestato
Ihe colkotton agenctes.
m PROCESSING OOB INFORMATION.Tk
mt&gce
a,,d mformanon mcetvedmd procccsacd
by ao OOB xca
normally bccomu volummoo* II) a short pnod of hmc. I
orgawmg thu mtrmatln. 008 peixmnel maintamexterr
sve and ,y,tcmahc eooxpdationsand fdbw wtenu. Spatic
items of mtrlbgence and mlommhoo most h lo~sted on
lo,, nowe sod mcorp+ed toto comprcbenn.creport, I
mllvszs. Therc nqtotcmena e~~sttate a hqb degree i
ehiaeng m the rquurab and proaleing of datawaved.
Typical 008 docwnentapubbahedan.
(1) OOB H.nd&ok. 008 hadoften known
p. Haodlw,k of Mdihtv Force.%cootambackgmonddata
,odd,,,q dscnphonr ol a iormlpl nattoospobhul ~ttoctum.
,yp,cal org.lutmo of the mdltvy estab!Jshmmt.lrct~cll
doctrine appkclhk to various tvps 01 mditatv omts. mod
the, mote todmtcd data. such u the logmtta ryrtcm used
and d,e cb,taetenrhra of weaponsad cqupmnt.
(2) OOB Books. 006 books are csmpltiona i
cum, mtelliina which showsthe compaattansoddlspostttool the md,tarv rrtablishmnt t forago anom. Tkx
m normallv publiied by headquartersof highercommands
or at the deputmcntd levd. and contain ntabkhed intdlb
gnet data on ma,, tdenhficd wuu and Uw,r rvbordii~te
ckmnts. They omv al- conam pemooabtydata, bsts t
,ogtsuc.mstalbaboraumt hlstorv data. md
OOB da.
Chaoqcsor updated~1610~1arc nor& dusemaued on a
regolu bat, by the publuhmghrrdquutcra.
other
(3) fnrrolhrt Honobwh. There bcda emtam

camplea mfomI*ii cecrlo~ erel? mditan ls,&h
in every city I the counttv or amaof interra Tky am usfol. parttctdatiy dorms wacemne. for crtabbchb~g
dapaaboo of foms.
(4) llircfboeov.
Document.. Other pobkeat~om
md pnodmals pnpu-cd at departmentaland areammm,od
kveb ue of value to 006 petsod. Thrse may LJ apeof.
,caUv wtb OOU or x,tb my ad all phaseaol combatand
n. OOE RECORDS AND FILES. 006 rwx-d. md file*

an coosokd cMdiy for the putproseof prodoctngnew
m,rUtgena. Fdca are cstab&kd for cotalcwg tneomulg
iofomwion for CMy reference Md for oae as . baaa for
eompwon md coobsat m Lbeproduehm of new ,oteUi.
gence. Becauseof thii. OOB f&s must be ampk. yet cornpkte. One or mom or me typul a& dii
bdor may
be wed: the type us, dependsupon the cxuting sitoat,
md the echelonm.mtammg the fiis.
(L) U,,,, Workbook.
The fnn.1 of the UN, work.
book dependsentirely upon tbe stntetttreal the foretgofores
kmr momtorcd. Tk omt wotkbook ~onsub of a coikchon
of on,, workrheeb, arrangedby type of uo,, o, YI mtmenc.l
uquencr. Analvsu. wtb 006 boob .t tbehcr
dupoul. ma
we them as nit wotkbooks by INetting additiood pager
a CW m~otzn~honIS renved. CennUy. the parent
diridon mzeI larger. Untt.
patal, md vehick numkrs arc noted on tk workdwt and
htd ontheunttworksheet
IIof
mtt
are wed in dctcmtming 008 &o~

or .s coot-ma&a of
cum, data, DC,& whtcb mav revealany facet o( the omts
008 are noted m the tomarkscabtnm. Itemasuchas reports
of bra& msqmr number sod type of weapon&and statement, t local restdentsato entered in tbia cobmm to abkenatcd form. The data sod the soot of infotmrhoo are
entered lor cad, try. Tk ulst&tioo edumo of the worksheet Bows the numencll desgnattoo amgood a puhculat
cncmy matallabon when plotted on I &etch mnp duet. I
town plao attached to the wodsheet
(1) OOB RorkkoooL
The workbook
udr m s~hne
informabo and I the
preparat, of ,ntrU,eeoc repotu. IL1 purposemd we we
~drntleal to those t the G.2 vorkdxet. Then 1s no pnsnbed fomt lor the 006 workbook At dition and higher.
the OOB workbook u tabkd to c&arm wul puagmphs1
the pcnod,emtelligeoccwport (PERINTREPL
rvalurtron.
and ~nterpretahon of
(3) OOB Sttootkm .lfp. This ts . graphtcportrayal

i corm, enemy OOR c,ther coof-d
or uneontirmcd.
It shows idcnttfie~tt sod dupostioo of cnemv umts and
znv other mbrmat~on whtch w,U astst it, derelopag the
enemy OOB. Eoemy umb down to and mdudinq two echcloos klow the mllysts own
01 mmmaod Ike p4otted
by lump the appropriate symbolsmntaioed in FM 21.30.
.Jlifiby Symblt For exunpk. at dttioo. coemvrqmxn~i
and battaboosam plotted; at the UAGTF kvcl. en~mv dwisons and h,,#wr umts me plotted to the er,ent
pnetmbk.
FMFM
Pecolkntia of eemy orwiz.auon. the tactical stluInm,

nd bme and pnonnei availat4edeamune more preckely
WI,,, wti k pioned ad vbot wdl bc out,cd oo order of
b&c x.pr The time uld dole of ,bo iofonnatm ze e.
,emd below uch wnbol or plotung. A capho box o tie
OOB dtutio map *a umototio eo,auug Lform.tlml
wih help lo oxpkl the 005 dtua~wl. Al,bw&b ay
umtw of caption boxesI*), be used. omlauy three ,ypes
arc casury4rc&.
udoukd umto. ad kgcnd capban
borer
(4)
008 Card (STANAC 2078)
. Tide(number
anddcslgnatio of wt/
bmuhrn,
2 . Code a
(official w
-wed
by
the rncmy for cocnlea L
3 . Niduume (unoftinJ populu nome).
4 . Pamlt lout formow.
3 sobom.i~k f0rmluc.d,la
6 . Fk,d pat umber.
7 . L~,.(pcnoncl
ad eqluprr,).
a . C-alder.
9 Unit history.
LO
. \Ibreuancous.
12 - T&c of pcrso~el od mayor ,,ems ot

eqmpmc, (to lncludc uuhd u,d effcewe rue@bs md czwuluer). (See
STANAG 2076.)
,3 . Canbat efficrncy.
Pesodly
Ftk. Personality data on doianated
*,cpa
of bI&idula ?I+ recorded I a pemoab,y fie.
The pu,,,~c of ,hk fde is to providerekrence moknal wd
, mc d,w&me, of other o&r of bat* ,te&ew. InfoaQI o key mditw fgwes Cal twoof wwiMt
vabn
, ,be cablkhw, of uu, Idenhficatimr uctlco. ad cba, cff~cbvcua
a. DETERIIINATION OF PERTINENCY AND ACTION

SUBSEQUENT THERETO. As each ,tem of information w
received.,, is cruau\nl unmdu&
Lodetcrmlne whether I,
IS of oo mtel&ea notore. ,,a ur~eacy. ad by who, I, 16
weded. Ifom,a,io who& k no, pmne, is at processed
further. Uwegntmfomutrw LSdwermna,cd immedirkly ,o
thok apnea rho need it: I, may then be fur&r praessrd
nd ,bc mndta tbemof duxrmnaed o a followup baas. I.
fonnrcioa which u not of a uw,
arm u woo&y folk
cr&sted and interpr&d. The resultmg inlcilisnce. nlher
thra tk bu,kl rnformahonrtif. k dwmmnaed.
FMFM 2-L
c. EVALUATION
(1,
dctermmed
RATING
The rvaJua,,on 0, r**

bv unw
a standud
show ,be evduaton

show the crtlurtlo
wth STAN4G
(2)
*own
SYSTEW
of reb.bdi,v
lkrn
0, informalon
svs,cm: a k,,cr
UI urd
Is
10
md a numeral u uad ,o
of accumcy. Thii sys,em ,I m accordance
2022. (See app. Il.)
Eal.tion
the rcliahbty
ol
the Iurcc
Is
ad iouors.
u
D
FYFM 21
md hypothesesbasedm wb.1 he would do tf he were the

cncmy cmmnurdcr.
c ANALYSES AND TESTING OF HYPOTHESES.

Aitcr they am formulated. alI hypolhcsa UC alyz.4
.d
tested. Arulys. 01 M hypotherv lndudu de,emmmg the
mdications which hwld cxm, ii the bypotheas u a rabd
oe. Totong ldudu fyulg the eu*tence or nonexistecc Of the= mdrcrbon. w,thii me Iiu,atios of a*&bk
uteadmcaa
true. ~ppam to k
Tk
would Los k A-S. Conversclv.M erduaho of
E.l would k give UI a CLV where, a sourceof know unrdt&&y
reported u1 ttrm wkch. lroogh eontirmatlon by
odw ~wrtcs_ was01 prove aeeomq. A report dirarmnalcd
,o h&r.
Iowcr. md adIs=, o,D ulllw
the cvduroo
for each,,em oi u1tommtm.
tomdmn
known to k
evaludmn
705.
ANALYSIS
1 ISOLATION OF SIGNIFICANT ELEMENTS. &mlysu u tk aftinC ad wrung oievduated infomuho to YD

late ngn%at elementsmtb respectto tk misstoomd aper~UOM of the cammmd. Analyaia rcguwxgmd judmmnt ad
s thorwgb Lnorkdqc of the pnnc,pla of mltuy opent,os
a4 ,he emmy nhr.,ionr to lndude enemy docmne md pas,
pnctlce.
b. RELATION TO MISSION. Adysu at a headqlurtern&ove dwmm k.el often mrolvcsdc,akd march wtb
greaterdif,icuRy erosedby tk tncmasd vdume oi iniomutton. Tk maw mdividu.l. rho wdl k tvdved m prformo,g snaIy,es most relate tk,r effwtr to the m,ss,o of the
commandin order to ~0x4 the eedkaserpd,to~ oi ,,me
and eoclgy.
i06.
d. MENTAL OR DETAILED PROCESS. b,tesr.ho

may k a lental pmaed crmpletcd , * few mom,& or,,
k&y
Pmvolviogtk colkcbon of a law
volumeof addthmal mfomuhon.
707. INTERPRETATION
L NATURE AND PURPOSE. This I+st step m the pr.a
ecswg o, infomubon is to detcmtu,e tk rrgm,icaoct a,d
mcaorngof tk mionoaaon uld its effect oo the em, YI.
,eBigcna ell,mute.
b. DETERWNATION
OF SIGNIFICANCE. I order
to detcmuw riu mg~ficvleeof otiotxahm. each ,tem u
carefully amdticd10 deteminc tbc fdlonng.
iniormihcm
UI
(1) Tk muomg oi the

r&ho to
current enemy upabd,tier ad i relsho LO the poMbIe
eiicct WI tk -on
u,d opentlom of the coxmmd.
t
(2, WkUlcr. ad 10 what exte,. the lnfomuno
altersor addsapruticlndy to prev,ous,,ehacnee.
(3) Wkuler, md to what extent, it lends to co.
tirm or to mto,e c.ustig estonatesoi tk enemy stnuum.
INTEGRATION
a. CO\IBINING
ELEMENTS Iotcenoo tnvolver the
cornknow of ekmnts wolated in nnalyslaxtth olher know
miomuboo to form a logxd p,cturc of hypotksu, &enemy
~ctxvitleor tk influence of the chuvlenstlcs of the areaof
opent,a~~ on the mtion of the cwnmnd.
b. FORMULATION
OF HYPOTHESES, Intcgwo
or. puhcululv. tk dewlopmcn, oi hypotbeacr.requrrrathe
sa,e gwd ,odpmn, md thorough backgroondknoxkdgc
rss,,d M makmg I good malyw. I fomda,mg hypothe.
ws, the mtelligna oifker mustavoid pmconcctvedopnwu
c EFFECT ON CLRRENT INTELLIGENCE ESTI.

MATE Correct m,erpretaso luds to accwllc eondw,mw
cunccmlnq rc enemys cap&ilitks. Tk mtccpwaho
plied upon c.ch new am of o,iom,ha
osodly affectsUI
way the cone, ltelIigece eahmate. Cochsto4
prrnouly dnw.
pnor ,o Lutiatio
ot the Iadmg acad& may k aI,ercd, cmfmed or dll
caded. Horcw. new mcmy up,bditia m.y k waled
ad cer,a pwou~y cstmutcd enemy cap.bllities rmy k
elunin,,ed firm further cos&naa, aa ,k rdawe pmbs
t,bty of adopno of the hosale coof act+, kcamea
lore clear.
SECTION 8
DISSEMINATION
OF ITVTELLIGENCE
FMFM 21
c.
PERTINENCE.
C~WR
Doe e,u&o
the, alI intelUigee
ie cxercieed b, order to
II dirunnafed
,o eU age-
vht.9, hew e wed for ,L In Ihi, -crion,

no wbfcb resulti m Ule oeermmd
genee to P uu,
duecmmabon
to wideh it u no, pertinent

which
recewc aredrbk
umbutro
is so selective tba,
i,dligeee
should
imlevmt
no,
rewft
UI uoi,a
which flwy emno,
group level aod klow,

formeon
are relatively
should k
,k
1
m,eUigea
k
lbnrted.
,m,e may k
,k
the hem
1U.f. fZmewmcorion.
eetlo et evedebk ,o blwigence

h SELECTION
used for dimmdtutim
aore
ad rgeoey of me blaliina
ebk. Wkn
ullam,
ho of mfonnrtio
Coeidcnhon
of m,&gece
Pertrncnt mtclli-
on the same beeie.
the wide dkemieho
erempk
his couotenn,cUigea
rmmahon
rh,eb
should k
prondee
mew
to k
rccompkbed.
adequate
o,
,I hme das
in cub
we.
wunty.
d,e-
by a meaoe
Clasrfied
by a meats which is wecepuble
dmofd ordbwdy
encrypted. How.
no, pcrm,, cncrypmag due lo the urgency
the m,ormao
rCmY came,
Accordiigiy.
treoeu%ioo
,nnsnittcd
,o enemy mkreepfloo
rwr.
cf.
,be subsequent eolko
+scur
md
mlercep,
cucoms,eo~
le
ace such the,
mfomlttio
ImmMee
maw
the
m ,lme lo ee, upon
acd pcnodie
doe ,o requuem,e
bigbe, pnon,y
n,Reace.
ttctlul
Truurnurno
I the cku
obviously should k
meeager of local end ,r~nr,cn,

of
meeeegn
die
msorled to I the case of ciae&ied informauon

Ix 08 veiue lo the enemy L o,ber .,pen,ws
mey k
for ueNuemo
arbja,
cleu
oi
co.
etg-
i, no,
whieh would
or durmg aukeque,
swey
pemu,
mteUigea
WI,!, ,he coommtution

iotmed. I,
mpoa.
of faeemde equ,pmet
Tk
sod, a
ceo k dime
of data
d,eeemmetio
muntlins
of
dcoe beuon
E
aLl times. Of the eredebdlh, of commNc.ho
parhcoluly
from hiQer
rued. parhcukiv
Lholu *ore.
lieuno nei,a between unue. ad

to lower UIID.
after ,k
A kdiog
dlssem,o,,,oo
ktdmg
fora
01 mrcllinee
should k
,i~-coamwg.
,o iehfy
net u eesen,nl for
,brou,$xou, the Ia,,ding tome.

Tk
ud
sod other
hckopfer.
10 rxpditiwdy
mleUigea
rd,o
et IS
officer sbouid
use u~y meeoe oi ~o~~ttmeauoo
wbkb could resd, u1 (he npd

UI faeemnk
empha-
1s engaged I opcr-
force lntclbgena
Ifowcrer. rxpenence bee shown ,ha, the vo,a
tek,yp.
by
kh*een
of,ieer m order to keep hooeelf I.
Fmquent intehgna
ller,
,o dx
debvend
Avadebd,~,
nprd
offiar
of
of clee.&ed mesagee.
durmg ,be movemc,
kab
tee.
lo delay
of outer lesage*
cncrypiq
proceeemg equ~pmen, nil
mew.
eieo uecd
by ardrop. or by hcbeopter -get
urge, i,emr
tmmicr of informebon
meem oi digi,el
etc. Additioodly,
pace camk,
to ,he YYI. bvpsmg.xmel
Ulen may k
mfomution
such
eo~num~LI~~e.
e need
from the colkclor
&em of commrnd ebmnels.
agame, out foras.

804.
303.
repone m
amphibmtu rack force Gnpbar maenab.
by mew
lnfomnho
lnteUigece uulcxee
pbwe. Ekcmcd commu,anon
ad for ,k
sketcha. ovedeyr. ad
lower ,hara TOP SECRET,

fbted 10 urge,
wdUgecc
impoeaion of radio &a
shrp of ,k
As
opec
foe ,be diesermnadon ofin,elUgence
cages However, arch durmme,io
tnherrnllv
m the clear. Such ,,anemu~o
large
documenu
are ueed foe ,bh purpoee. ln*cUigece
am efkttve
I,. I, may k more expedient to send du meeeege. if elPrPuied

&es&d
inWigea
during tht pinmmg pbaee of eo empbibiou
vmdady dunng dte wren,
ad
aveIl-
of e complre8veiy
of b~,dUgenet ie requbed. I, ie oeudly dusmuulcd
by the luueoee of wwopdetc
Tk
upon the
cod the lew
objective pheee mey requue lhr, memgee k
hi eetiow 10 the, Lc mtclbgcacnecYI
by friendly
mast sw,abio meam
tntelligcnce eebmeto ad
Conversely. virtually
for,. sod ,bereby render mom dtffiud,
Tk
dependa ptuxip.Uy
pku
of commuld.
0 ioger alhi. or to s,rrng,ben
aaffe.
MEANS.
eboh vnne
Tk
enemys ~wereeee Gut fnendly
1lelUgea coamblg
hu ei,*lo
mey
cause him either 10 akr
OF
10 k
nsuel mate.
d SECLRJTY.
foro.5 kr. eel-,*
ewnmariee.
fw lntcUigece eommuu-
10 openho
upwud.
tits
See FMFM
pe,,i,,enoc of
peraence
,o I, Ltcr.
to edwe,
*isits; or by tee.
md penodk ln,dbgeec
dkemmehon
whxb P no, needed by a un,, I,
pertim,
w,,bou, qomg throqb
~1.
altered by e cbmge m the iha.
t,on. 4 ,,em of m,eUigeae

a gvc
gcm 16 dissemmrled
for pncee&g
upon tk
sbould k dkembutcd
unt, mey k
ie espsuffy
Gmcrdly.
eeketive. bued
pven to the fee, *a,
,o a parneuhr
Tti
on-
LO tmib of th+ regmc,/
to Ute unl, conanacd.
in,eUt~cc
reeewmg
cbuuula
hndk.
~~mnea,
&
we 01 rolumlnou
whoee c.pebiUuee
doxnwerd
lo
Ikeon
eueh e lntclbgenec yu)cxce.
iotelfignoc
mey fail ,o
f,equeUy
&mot
rebd in the ease of dkemnetion
mw,
te pmfenbk
utde
wbicb bee up lhcir c-luuticm
eceeeenly ud
of inkfli.
wbieb ,bey need. thweer.
intelligence whieb thy
mfomuho
dkembution
form of conferecee, bnefmmg. ud

eee of b~,dligenee doeummtl
btoed dieeemm,
UEANS
OF
INTELLIGENCE
DOCUMENTS
DISSEMINATION
11.2
FMFM 21
wll nomdly h pmcnbed by the umt SOP fw mkfbgenoc

or the ttdffa.x ulltcx
of diwminatmg detakd inform&m atd mtelligcnce. It
cown the enemy aht.aon ud enemy Openholn, cap&if.
ttie, uld vulncrabifitics;chuacrnraca of the YC. of opera.
,,oN: nd countennteigena. Oher mteigcna documenu
ad weaber atd cbm.te sammaneamy be durcm,n.ted as
appcndurcsto the PERfNTSUM. Tbc PERINTSUM u coax.
as. but complete. ami ma!a manmum w of &etdtes,
owkyr. vlnotated maps, md MNI~,. A ma,,gc fomu,
for the PERMTSW
wbtcb hu bee struetumdto fadlfkte
updatIng ai the rtelbgm~ erum*te. In contued ill appe.
d,x K. Dunng tbc asad, phve 1, PI ormaffy pmpvcd md
iuucd da& by di-o.
wg, MAR. axd MAF. In smdkr
urk, appmpn.te mtdbgcna lnduded in tbc WI,, nport
8 lieu of uyILg P separate penod,c itcuigce summny.
Dist,,buho of pewdic mtelligencesutnm~s rhould extend
to aquadronrand b.ttabons yi. muttmumMd may extend to
cornpaver The CLF presudes the func to be cowed by
pcnodx mtellyencc SUM~ULO of hw abvrdmatea. Uaullly
dw penod 1800 to lRO0 k esmblkhed m order th,, cum,
detukd intdbgecneewdl be rvadable to alI comma&n UI
hmc to facdttatepluming for the lcdkwmg d.ya ~nwa.
t* tke0pelatcm
order.
IIY* mum
C. DAfLY
INTELLIGENCE
SUMMARY (DISUM~
The DISUM UI prrpad UI meiorm at the mutt fom
component eommrnd hc+,uten
ard Pmwdes hi+,.
Irard. a,,d sub.xdu,atchcadqwters wth a summq of alI
rlyttielnt
mt&qencc produced dutmg the prcceeding
24.&w pcncd. The at of tune for mfomwtton wntent
md submmswume for tbc rcpcst 1.4 be lespeniied by the
JDW force commattder.The iomut of the DISUM !a cwtuned YI sppsndu >I.
d. PERIODIC INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY (PERLYT.

SW). The PERLVTSUM b a rummav of the mtclbxea
s,ttt,~mt covc~g a longer parod thin rhc INTSWI whxb
FMFM 21
(3) Anphibfow Obj&.eSldy
(AOS)
.
.
.
.
L.md.
Lnduy budma md &iii
Rlkopterkndq
wnu.
occanqapby.
.
.
Popuktion ante Md ports.

Mttitaqfwcu
placer
(b) Additim&y. erch AOS MLUN lekctcd

map. dust% and photoawhs of the .reu Y wadabLeand
mwred. The rtudka UC preparedb, , form wbtch k repro
duabk by the openhag fStudwa sbndar m PUTuld mope to tbe AOS M preparedocaaon& by tbc opw.
athw fore-a. nmnulfv at the Fket M,n,,e Fom,amobiJxo,u
a4
FMFM 21
21
a6
FMFM 2.1
SECTION 9
INTELLJGENCE
ESUMATE
FtdFM Z-l
905.USE OF THE FORM
906.DISTRIBUTION
9.2
FMFM 3.1
f
b. Add~hondly. most of tbe mtellige~ce.stim.ki p,t.
gra+ 4, Atufyaa of Emmy Gpabditks. fin& ttsetf inkgratedmto p.mgqb 3 of tbc c-mderr
cst,matc.Awl.
y~ls of Oppo.mg Cwnes of Acha The atbcr m,d,,~cncz
utlmate
Paragraph1 UC Impartant to the commmlder btcwse
they asman hi
th.1 a mu,,d ordetly th,,,kb,g p+,ee~ wu
employedby hu ~kllrgmee oiti~r.
906. DlSCUSStON
OF CONTENTS
L HEADING. The hradw and ending am b,,portln,

pata of a wntkn ahmate. They kll when and when the
cs@mak was prcpard. tta duaiiuiwn. md ita author. The
krdmq vldudes the name of the
pnpa,,ng mt rrt,.
ma& the headquartersm wluth the csbm.k u p,ep,red. fhe
am of the plro or FFO number xkrr the he,dq,wkn u
located aad a date-tvncBOUP wtb the name of tbe month
apelIed compkkly. The how m&t not bc mduded in tbii
dae.Umc group tf the tcrmb,.hm of the eaima,,g p-e
cannot k detenined preasdy ot Y coraidcrcdtmm,po,tu,r
Howercr. the dak w always impakat becausett mdiuta to
tba teaderthe dry the camutmg pacrr cased.
dice
b. TITLE. The &sJing~ fdloxed by the htk.fNTEL

LICENCE ESTI.CIATE. A,, oi the map new
ior a,,
undcrstmdmgof the dhutwn daenbed in tbe eromak are
listed. Enough mfonn.oan about cad, m,p should be nnduded to pmpdv tdenoiy tt. lnduding the scak of each
map. Tbc numbx and dca~twas of prtment inugety,
rpcarl char% etc.. usedin UK esbm.nngpand e&d
for a compkk undenkndmg oi tk c&mate are abo I.
&ied.
9.3
FMFM
2.1
are omitted
or, if lked,
are foUowed by I &art
rtatcmcnt lucb u, Hydraglphy.

bilik,
dkeuatica
funetio
importma.
oly
aemy
c.plbiLtks
d&a&.
Tk
*
d. THE
AREA
OF OPERATIONS
The mteSigeoc of&r

-d
(G-2)
stata
indicrtes the effect of tkr
b&ties uld the a.+&

cuard
elm.
(PARAGRAPH
2).
or tk
conditions whch
exist
tt rhodd
.ppliut&.
enemy situation is dis
of
Emty
Opnhof.
Emmy
Unconventtond
ad
ho.. The G-2 couden

to hi
u,d whether the factor u&r
tonndentton
of det.il
depend on tk
bduded
operatug
When I staff hu
ken
situhon
workLy
aatuatloh
,,,tdbgecc
dLretuutlo
denas
its members nor-
currct coly mtu*

sxumrn.ca. uld
oxtamve
deti
m hu rWligcna
the staff up to date. 0
tk
esttmate to bnng
has may new memhrs
wader. or wk
tk
eceaarf
atu.ho~
ad
a new co,.
hul undergorae a great cbmge.
to mdudc
man
detad. This paragraph
indude all or most of the data used lrter sn tk
SUI ofcncmy
upabilther
A full list of prtmmt
ma&
in order that a sdutton
aped
Suffinent
rrd eapabiliha
data must k
pivented
fdlows.
ad
may k
conctcee~
of tkse
is ided
p-mph
facts doa
then 11 ir patkabk
ot ebmmrte
u not
ktween
a dtmctenrtic
Cbomcterirw
of tk
.&a
af wh.t chamctenrtia
ucnfiad.
csttmate is based on a coMidention

the nttmate
is intended and tk
,emt,c wdl affect enemy captihu

may k
of Opemtionr.
wx k
of tk
degcc
mdudcd
pupae
cbmctmsticr
Tk
in tk
for which
to whtcb the chame-
or tk
fnendly mwlo
included. Hewever. if the only purpm
enemy capabtttia.
it exists ua tk
t ot appliabk
k
omitted, or if kte4
statement, rush as, Not

if tk
ucu.
*a
or does
is no mqutreme,
If the minion
two lad
ss Lma
ara
for m.
of operakwu
L to rmintain
tk
opca r*
gsoud forces are not
0 the otkr
hmd, maology
of *ital importrace
nuy
facig UI .mpbibiou
lm~Tkd&aoutotbcswpeadkgthofdisntsPon
to k
devoted to ay puttadu
prim&
upoa
the dcgre
dmt.ctedshc
a4
to a ksxrextent.
butmce.
dtmak
or the frkdIy
upar the pupae
lad
wdl depnd
to wbid~ that phmctenttw
expected to affect eely c4ubilitiu

watkr
lmem
of Useestmute. For
dwsys affect enemy cap&Ii.
ttesmdtbefrknilymiatmr
However, wbik
thclr .ffect I
~vctiercgmwinruoptcllrwrmykofcntiul~.
portma.
la,
their effect in a mom tempuate UTI rmy k much
tmportmt.
&a La.
tk
halo.
tempnte
a atmute
eoaduct of tk
daaibed.
1duded should k
If appmptite.
ckmctcrkio
clnploymcnt
tk
enemy opchons
friendly nvnmmd
dlulctcdshc
as it ir crpected to chit
operaticas mqured by tk
isttc 0 po&le
of tksc
t preparation for opn.
?.oe. Each dgruf~lt
aret of opcntiotu.
of
during the
us&m. &add
effece of each chamctuud
0 tk
-0
Of tbc
L disuseam of the effete
(e.g. mounkalM
of nudeu
and chermul
term)
pal
the
weaporu will k
I-
duded.
dcfmd. nd nthdraw. It may ako include conaderahon of

other pwbk awruiw
and m his tmibk ewdoyment of
partiadu
wea-
m&is,
s to drnve
whrch wdl have no effect
tedmiqucl.
forcer
Tk
exte, of tk disau&
of the effect3 of tad3 dluactenrhc
on~fr*ndlymidon*lirmtcdbythc~turraf~mib
ma,. Thus. when tk
(1,
dctcrmin.t,o
tkre
to in-
the putw
tkse
which
to place such facts
ad clanty
or wktkr
of tidy
no blhabitath
mutu
a wktkr
it houtd
1ffect
liowrver.
paragraph tkt
repeated in detail in tk
if exdudo
cc,tat,, capabttticq
de&
to md~cau dl gen-
of tk ecmy to affect our usto.
sa,e facts must k
u&y-
facta mwt k
to the pmbkm
tf it u obnous when listmg facts m ti
do,&
hedqurten
other hand, when the staff is
,,ew,y o,gmu.ed.
&,,dd
other
atwhoeruts.
themtelhgtnee
oft&r
need not
When tbtt
it wdl k
. coruidenble
uacd YI tk
a diaa&a
eattmue wdl
h prtk+~t
will
are listed ad
dumcterlhca
&I
followed by I sbti
,s mapor.
mcetmgs. confemnma. datty uluth.
weekly mtetligae
hu
wdl de@
ituatim
which
midoa
of wkt
For cxar&
likely to &et
in which tt u wnttcn.
together fa
mally will know quite a bit about fk

80 u a rcdt of sllff
Sthu-
dudbtg
.ulLIMe
to mqutrc dctatkd treament.

h the ultettigena
of hme. m u1 opntig
gence bnetigs,
utd
Warfare
of inf0ml.h
d-
m&de
Situtia.
Paychdogicd
the Mmmt
tvl, enough to the ccamuder
lagtb
.Miitaq
of the
bicndly
If my ckmcbrislic
not exist in tk
csmditiom on enemy up,.

Tk
tmder three mm ubherdmgc-Cbuutetutia
Arc.
rhvrstchtic
of opentimr
ia of relatively Ic*
lhaackrisne,
detmnlution
clude in the &mute
however. sbue tk
of the c&m,te
thae
negtive
No effect on enemy apa.
QI the fdmdly mtssic.,. Nomully.
ot indude
defuue.
Utium
d&m
d-on
UT shculd k
petorid
is offensive, the diion
the effects of tk
fa#hy
pruau~on
ckmctetitic
hod.3
tk
m.i
on tk
ardded.
made of m.pr. cbvts.

To pm.rt
yltemst of brenty. 1, m.y k driublc

s,m,,,,,nze
graph&, ad
undue bsdk md in tk
UI -Nin
points of the si,u,ticm
paragraph 2 of the intdligmce
does
frimdly
d padbl.
uuuIL~*
to
fc, mdwnlon in
cstun~tc aad include de&d
FMFM 21
studtea u addenda to the can~k.

a
be ,,kmcd
dup,ic,tio
when tl&ig
Mdttimal
of nulyces. Frequently.
puagnph
2 of
Aalysu
brenty often
the c*ttmk
the atuntie
M cxkwc
repeated
of Ewny Cqbiitw..
by elimmag
M~~UI
L pamgwb
wan& amnl.
of
UI
mnh
4.
rmploymcnt
0C of the LX ca be a
Weakr
(I)
Mffikry
namuuy
will
dwefon,
the e,tbmk
~ffec,
of the errimak
atkched
Geography.
of uhkry
Tcrrv
the wmplkhut
hmdd
dcsvih
Of the l*:
u bulky. it rn,y be treated rprnkly
rtudks
or obkb,
them. Tbac
.rc prwmkd
the skff i , form othzr thul the inteugena

stuhm,
fedly
te&
pwd
beauss
terntory
,t k a rhldy
u,d
beeuse
atudier The krnm
rk
lam,
ts not sukbk
donment
effect pal
md We&w.
geo$nphy
has been dwded
for
into
Hydmgrrphy:
cbcmul
md
~ltmuk
over.
forecast bad
For estmuks
only need
cownng
Y the rtrtutk.t
condaios
of we&w
ln.lyru
~lic&.
study of the
may k uxd. Cbmak
&cm
of lndindud
md cb,.hc
of dinuk
su??-
inklbgenac
fc dckmmmg
1 mkllipma.
f*etual I *
I geencml
* k~mge
o I gmeml dmntolqy
,a dc&wd
of the
angle openttm.
longer penod 0, ke.
enemy are. fw the pastycan
~aeftd
puag,.ph
far.
the period of th., &
be summamed.
cat.
wcadxhci,
When &y.t.
sstlmatrs am bctng prepared. it fits
If tk
~cntnic
of the at-
should diww
the cnclys capabdihu
weather d-g
tk
on the
weapona
ror a give pkce OI nglm.
into tbc emmys ritu.tio
c4m.k.
u, wntm~ p~ragrapb 2 01 the mki.
Mdituy
three subtop-Topag,.phy
mdCUmrk
for
Q), wkcb pm-
by the mgineer officer. it u1 impwtmt
the ~klffgcnoc off&r

gence (Itt,,k.
to
md not of
specific
the effeck
u&u
of the cs(lmak
sltu.ho
estLmIk of the
of the tncmy
study (KC a~.
uld
the mklligaec
md phases
rppliublc.
be made of
** a gwen Mu
day inkU&~oc
ruddy
membem~mquire
of the friendly knitory.
officer shmdd prepa
01
them If thk porbon
Y u1 appendix. When other skff
gmgmphk
featurea
geognphy i the .rez of openaos
of
acd d&es,
emsidcnd
CPI k defined 4 the corditiolu
A pattm
other rieton
If
rho&i
wphcn
bmf of Lc other.
d.yliCt
tha mow.
u
ik
Tbk
as I a readvr
fore-
It ia gmeml md brosd in scope md k not aa
oljechvely applied. Wen clunatw mkLligmca to be

vlciuded in the body of the inklligence cstmuk.
would
go II) the Enew
Horcw,
kcwx
,kgr.tlm
~0
niticnce
ahadd
of the dim~ar
glutcr
norm&y
allotkd
p-ce
ntb
nqucs
to it. Tbc pg.
mklligma
comidchm
ckmnt
does
du other factors
aIt recewig Were tbk to -,

not be m b&we
the Utmuk
armpuah*e
for each combuag
it
p~&graph.
md bulb atwe. 88
the ertimak
tore space tha

not un,
Sihlabon
of IU ancrll
degrees of im-
ekmnr
to place cbmrtic
would
It is better
appedix of the
Officer u qed
telbgulcc staff. 8.9 the UlkuiiD

go to the alpillbioru
rdr
to the I.
uIPar
must
force or Aii Weather
SaTice f.x this Lfomlnnoh

Light codltloa
ii&t.
llpoeul
by twdigjlt
md loo.
ahbcAlgh 0, M rnkgral put of mc weather.
al.4 so clovly
alkd
mat they UC cosldemd under
wcatber t ,k,tigemz
Ccnemlly, kbka
the b&nning
eshmatcs ad km
ue mckded to kd,cak
uld endmg of aural
rise. eumet. 10~~14
m-t.
skdio
tmxr for
tmlight
am.
md the pbwm of
the moo, The dak EUI be prepared by a mkmf*t
0, rxtnckd
Nwti
Skka
frml
publiution
audl
The
Abmnoc. publidted mnuaUy by UK Uikd

Nard Obaen~toy.
N,utiul
k&h,
fmqwndy
wed for ulikr,
cxpnonl
aa the begummg of morning
is mat
purpwea .d k Ofk
aubul
95
FMFM Z-1
FMFM 21
FMFM 2.1
FUFM 2.1
I=MI=M21
FMFM 21
&
CONCLUSIONS
(1)
Determimtaca
Tk
ti.x
(PARAGRAPH
of &bti
fttal p.gmph
tatemcn,
of tk
the pcecedmg puagmpk

apsbtlftta
hu
which tk
11 4
aulyzcd.
and kte,@ed
in
e&a
indiatea
tk
enemy u mat
mlbve order of priority of ad-p.
In effect. L statement of the col?cllsMms the G-2
,ead,ed
uulysia
of A&p
thee*duated
idor-
of
I, containa tk statement of enemy
to .dopt listed n tk
Iloo
RoLbifity
mteltigence eabm.te u tk
of the C.Ts lnlclpre(rllml
mbonwhich
hu bezn pescnted.
lib+
5)
tbmugb a compuaire
and di4wd.m
detetmnatxa
study of the pnadmg
of enemy upabditiea
of pmbxbk
enemy uplbilihu
%a
this
L bad
an
of intc&pcc
which i# mdlutiw
of future
emy
mien. the detcmnnatian mwt be fully jut&d
by
the mlyw
md dtsamm of the enemy upsbdahu m the
mterpmt*tion
pci-&wnt puwpb
of UK e&n,*.
a,, attempt to gua
wh.t tk
ta dcadc
likely to do. If tk ~v&tde

definitive enwgb
Pwporu.
Tk
purpola
of this pamgraph are to:
(a)
List #gldficMt
known fact3 regarding esh
(b)
endace
of enemy rchn ty u not
of adoption.
lk
vkedl
one based an UK dtrmtenstta
hnu.
memy
edence.
enemy capality.
what the enemy is mat
to ~u,ufy seketmn of an enemy source of
1PflO In061 pobabk

(2)
It ia abjcctive; it u not
enemy wlJ do. It ir u, atempt
from avrulabk endena
mlelbgcnec omacr
of the UC.. of opr.
doewine. enemy pmcttcz\
Conclamna
by the comm&er.
If tk
facts m order to fully under.
listed cap&bocr
Where pcabk.
tk
rvalabk
yc ao indiukd
enemy upabk
of impiemenrins
that fact lhadd k

combinahon of tk
two or more utitiu

mmultaaem~I~.
plainly b,&c.tcd. Tlds also applies b-y
Examme tbac
md tk
readied on this blar
five standarda should
stand the capability.

(c)
State tbae
facts that spaftc&y
a hinder enemy execuoon of tk

(d)
tktemtinc
is a major cap&Sib
grouped wtb otkr
whether elch
quaring
iadiute
What,tL
upaMity.
capability
kted
Wkre (in wkt
In wkt
WklLunormr.
area) I, call occur.
stren&
I, on k accompkkd.
cepuatc listin& or rhoubi k
up&litter
(2)
Enamy Vubsemtiliriu.
paragraph of tk
i&s,
Tk
kt
eahmrte shald
tbmugh comparatiw study of tk

(f)
Detcnnine
the effect of eacb upabiity
en
tk
pnriw
pamgraph. Tk
which may k
the friendiy m!aton.
crpkwkd
ute
tk
nlahvc
crp.b&tie~
Point up nidcnee which would tend to mdi.

ordain
which tk
enemy mi&t
md attempt to detemdne and gw. -
adopt the
for the
ncoccdudy ghe xm
pldtrhm
d.hm
det-uuttve enough t0
lfte,
for pmwty
mu,
k the dmmcteriatia
cncmy docbinc, enemy ~txts.
lble evidence.
should k
eoMdenhcll
of the an3 of
Tkrrfwe.
and the rnul.
which m.y k
mached
diiuKd
in
to vubwbditica
In detemumng
listed. the C-2 must
to the felsrbility of cxHowever. tk
rccommenadopted
prwincz of me C.2. but klcmgs to tk CJ
cowdbutian
m tk
rccwmendahw.
last
rulnerabil.
commander of caune( of rcncm to k
u cd witbin tk
cuefld
wb~crabiihca
i cc&ted
by bu own e-da.
to tk
rcl.twe order of adoption If ewdawe ofenemy acmity i3 not
opentionr,
kt
final put of tk
of conduamr
by friendly forcra
what enemy vuhenbilibu

(g)
Tk
list crplol~ble
is, m fact. a statawn,
ahm.te,
and mnadtrbon
C.2
kta
thov
with
the c.2.
vulnerab&ua
cxpiaited by mt cvmmandcr and makea no

for ~peatic explottanon
FMFM 2-l
RJXONNAISSANCE AND SURVEILLANCE
FMFM 21
1002
TYPES
OF RECONNAISSANCE
AND
SURVEILLANCE
a. RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEILLANCE OF
and -illma
of sure
SURFACE AREAS. Reem
fxz are ia collection effort dirested .t au ml. Iocdity.
mu*. z.one. scta, o# other lpedti
pation of the tenam.
01 the enemy forces louted thtek.
It involve8 tk we of
ground. amphibious aetul md camutwtua~kchooniss~
&ction
agaies.
Thea agnctu
employ a variety of
scrwn.~fmmthehwrunPIemdeuto.ruvtyof
rlectmmc dmoca
1003.
RECONNAISSANCE
OF SURFACE
AND
SURVEILLANCE
ARRAS
L BASIC CONSILZRATIONS
10.2
FMFM 21
FMFM 2.1
c
21
FMFM 21
t
FMFM 21
SirLooking
Airborne
an airborn
r&c.
Radar.
rierblg
to the long axis of tk

pmduea
m&g
of
angkd
plaforlu
a Plwcn~tioa
tugeta
SWR
11 d&t
w+d*
ternm
or
SWRdebxmdiffuenccs
in reflected enetgy. II Cal provide k%pt.

able ba.gety
dmmg pen&a
and ul condition8 of sgt

hq
and duut
by tbi.
tfotu
imaguy
dmsc
wlude
reoofdiig
p-t..
on tilm fa
rhdy.
target
meal&
tetmttw
It i. vabnbk
bIdtutor.
obtained needa to k
otkr
of dukez.
rIbI, 5ulkc.
methoda wed
for insununeou
r*wingand
md detatkd
moving
PortnyJ
aa a
Infomwion
wpp*mented
by
such II VUWJ 0brrv*don
FMFM 21
and
photo~mphy.
determine
actinty
..du
which
the
cxa.zt
detected
by
cn
better
natum
of
SLAR.
Uw
Aobome
can eoer l.rgc we= qwekl
~a,, opera
edge of
fmm
bdund
fnendly
dependent
md
rtu foward
posmom
SLAR
upon Jme~fwght,
is
md may
be detected md jamed or dmned.

(b)
.
lnfnrcd
Smw~.
diffmncu
Infwedaenw,dctect
m rrdktcd
emtstolu
fmm
tbetttul
infared
Pknny.
In an amphihour
for ckctvamc ICCOM-cc
catmlkd
I, the ampbtbiovs ti
temq
of a de&c-
they may
k ah&k
puwnting
camal.
fkge and m coUectitt# tnfc+mrhm
fag.
smoke.
preapiwi~
Airborne
dust_ uld
tnfrared
coer krge *teaa qwkJy.

s&t
dur-
Horeet.
ta tedwed by water *pot.
clouds,
dependent
force kvd or hi.
.nd mcuwvlg
ing the day a weU aa &at.

effechenu,
plan-
co.xdii.td
md
(6)
diffeteneca tn temperature. Jnfmmd im.

agey
opnaon.
e uu.JJy
obJeeb on the eardts
swf~ce. In nontedmiul
bc thou&
IMOR
can
but are be.of.
Udike SLAR, which m.
qutms tbhc hmrmkaon
of M ekctrkd
of vruaft
to conduct radidc+gcal
suwcys k of cxtmme ahte on the nucku

important
rppbutlom
prcpu&alu.
httkftdd.
tn Ute offense follomng
md ako idlowmg
enemy ti
an area Y safe to enter. Ancraft pm&
todrtctmkc
tattv
contamiruhon
In addition
to tk
hi& tn.
we of arcraft
conduet mittal radiolvgtcll wney~ md au umpiu.

be used to tnnrport
kulll
if
the commander ntJt
I rap+d mean of momtormg wide areu atd ucuof
(CR cm
It his
out 0%
to
belimp
for a moe d&&d
ground surrey of an area.
agnd. infrared k a PasaC system wbkb

camot be detected a
suscephhk
cr.
which
utdizea
Patrayd
mdudc scope pnscntatvm
for utrt~ltanww.iii
mfnnd
(5)
ekctmm~ttc
Caps
D cant&ted
tn the
qudma,
Detachmenta
fmm Ihi
ity of conduct&
twmnaJs
and laahon
light hdkopter
e. SIGNALS
REOMLL~
squdtons
(HMM).
md
squadmm (VMO).
INTELLIGENCE.
sgnak mkUiqcnoc
The
employment
of
umts and tJ,hcdue of commu,,,c&,,u
mteUJgcnoc I dtxused
1. INTEGRATED
VEILLANCE
squadto~
in FMFM 2.3, S&md,
Kvfare Oprmtfonr(
RECONNALSSANCE
U).
AND
Sf.JR
PLAN
from ether
a relsonrbJy ucumte efit(EOB)
and
of countetmg it The pnmiry
Ic comuKancc
ckctmNc
Mamw obxwaba,
lteuisence/Ekctmnv
eduibon.
to conduct mdidogcd
bv YUUK
or radioactive source. With tbu into m&e
mart
effective mew
aetul
Ancnft
pm&d
Marme medium helicopter
photwaphy.
mate of the enemys electronic order of battk

seket the
yc
and ckcvrmcs
radahons emmsting
tbm nudeat dctonatiws
(b)
woe
@ML).
is mtmdcd to corn--
Ekctmmc
s,,ce k tJ,e detecbon. ,dcnatiutton.
pa&k
on
for retenhon and detaded study. As
pliment conenhand
it I
mutea.
methoda used by these dencecr
mUI SLAB,
fomution
cmtsaon
eo~l ,ewmg and intasty

fti
d faeigq
how.
to enemy decrphon
fake
crpab+ty
of mc .wanne
tacttul
clectto~c
w&e
squadron hre the cap&d-
day md night. all-weather. ekebonrc BY.
+JJana and RCul-eL

(4
of eketmnie
TacticaJ AppfJcofion
nconmks.na
A tachcal rppliaban
support would
be to mitidly
warda. detect. locate. and record Ihe ylurcc of ekctmac

erntmt~~ in ,n se,
when futum opaGmr,s
am pJaned. The
Jcb9
FMFM 21
c
PMFM 21
FMFM 21
(CD)
s 5.400
D&e
feet, sbstttte
b&J, numentm
to determuv
in tk
lotmuIr.
and denombutc.,
RF=PD/CD.
by the nunurato,
tk scale which u l/12500.
(2)
p,ope,
Sefection
rc&
rreml
for
of Rewimd
SC&.
a pbotcsnphtc
r&n npmduce1
Sdcctton
-on
of tk
II baed
upon
Cola, fbn can rlro k
&es. There UC a few limitabau
wbieh tbe photo.
of mumnun
pamncy
gnpba i,c expected to yield.
daylight
which
which make tk
promas tbgt mqwru

(b)
The
&lity
photogmphs of the de&d
of
photo
safe.
cow,. enemy oppoaiuos
and tk
ucnft
to obtam
cowiering
re&er.
type of fh
utdked.
cloud
problem y1 rtorye
.&en
The
time bwdnd
for photo inte~mten
pbotogmpbs us made .t I ly
,esdting m oh!mulola
seal o, of a lug
-,
print&
fn@ed.
fwed
saww..
ken
chermcllly
mf,ued
AI a geaeml mk.
tb+ mmlkst commcnsunte
tiw sule s-quested rhautd
wtb infomuhon
and of an UTI no laws, tbu, ,eqwd.

abk u appmxtmateiy
l.l.oM):
add,tionai facto, to k
Tbii
fib,, pcmutr
gmphr
utimd
cklty
c,ent Iahtude
allow tk
photognphs
phetognphy
tbe feu&4ltty
and cntugmg
qquadmtw Iufti.
of m.&g
them a9 necesuy.
rcquwes fewer piehuu
Not
mfwed
to k
mnfuaed
wtb
film k pvlQmm.ttc
tmabd
to k
ertn
scnatirc
contmstmg toma
whrte fdm
Slna
w&ways.
tii
mu&ted
product,
m defmng
(3)
Cuidonce.
,u+,on
p,
sc&
is a tabk
for v.tiolls
(4,
c%,
tk
Gmau,kye
nra,,.
in&k
Detectwon (CD).
CD tidm m ncwmal
It w sew,tie to the md ad gmen porbansof
w&de spcrmm
and tk
spectmm. Wkn
ma,
mf,a,cd
photogmpkd
po,hone of the
wttb CD fiim. bvc
w&,
gewing exetlhon whwb contuna the ekment ddomphyll

bigbh
L
fr,,
mdlimtc,
TYPES
a,
awill
,,s,fta
and may k
OF
four m-t
FILM.
Tk
photoqapluc
that em
adjusted upwud
appe.ra nd-puQk
eget*hml
md clmartla$te
pama
pmrly
relleehvc.
wdl appe~
wde l.r,tudc
mqwemcnts
obtamed
m ,ts use. ud
CD s especully laeiul m pmetmtmg
shadow and dcfmmg tnek

requun
n&
pmassng
as
pupase of
mhnty.
md stomp
As wth color fdm, CD

mnsols
based
d
PHOTOGRAPHIC
FORMS
wdl depend upon tk
tbmugb
inteQ,etahan
ad
The
below:
fdm
of th+ u&s
mo,dy used. It can k
camouflage detccaon
m color. Dad
which COntam no dllcfo.
sckchoon of ttlm to k wed
mtmtm
obtabxd
common types of film UC discuard
myority
twgets.
erpabilihu
(1,
tk
contaiomg
mditay
scales an based upm 20 tines of mso.
up,,,, known camen md ftbn rtmlution
man
black and
weas. mad4 and nmwaya.
phU and we. thcmfom.
Appndu
mmmwm
,w,mmended
mud,
the bm,ts of
gmemsh.yeUow tones. In addition to it.a pnmq

,ccemmendcd
all bets
cne,gy radi,tcd
of grey tba,, o,dbwy
11 UI e~epcnllly wfui
to refkcted
u . supplement to
wd
Rbn m day photography.
upon (hem by the sun. mfwed

rh.rply
(hermat in.
film that hu
SmJLr
by the awaft
a,,d nduces ,ns oc, the tawt.
The
pnscnta a
to tempntun
reflect salykllg amOunts of the total rnf,ued
wttb n.
lom of time. By
#lotogmpbIc
t,anb
qadmns.
needed from a-quested photo.
to dcte-
sale
wk
An
of the btack
of phot~ph,
and wtthout
the lnfomuhon
mque*ten
scde ..,I.
by photot,.phw
the enlagement
tentton of necevury
qutmmenta
1-t
consideaed is tbc clmty
md white tib cumntly
rpnfymg
Tk
the smalfedt 1:1,000.000.
Mm r&if
of tb aenstmty
em,gygy.and 4 pnmanly
p,ndwomrtic
(d)
expo
houn
by a hme~omummg
r(@d contml. Tk
kewe
a p.mh.e
ehuy.
(3)
(c)
we.tbe, .nd dung
rrpmductd
,c-
ate,
okta-
UK of color
Acaptabk
Color fbn pmducu
cm
to tk
wdewatc,
for extended oprrtions
aurn cm k made only dunng cku

Tbe type of information
wlthbl
when knowkdge
wed to penetmtt cklr
to limtted dcpdw and is vscftd in detntmg

Fdm impmehtrbk
conndcntions:
(I)
full colon
It is normatly uhlked
of the actual color of an obkct k of impwtana

quate,.
(2,
C0f.w. color
the is&k ~ecuum.
sItI&.
L the moteon,.
atuyq f&nrpced*
has.
can k
wed under a,yb,g bght
con&tlons.
lo-12
FMFM 21
f.
PHOTOGRAPHIC
(b)
mhlde
SC&
REQUIREMENTS
Beach UY.
ertml,
Tbk photoanphy
0b4ique. md plnwunlc
cwerlge
may
a, uytng
of the area from offshore to a depth of lO.OtM mtem
mland. The depth of photography u&d

eon~entntlon
area. II MY
wll depend ups,,, the
of enemy defense aguns, .enal opnttm
tic erent of a hcny
conan~tim
not be fernbk
complete ewerye
of mhaircmft
6.
In
in the
to fly the addmona, shps LOse,
IP I depth of 10,000 metera and a an*
crtrcal and oblique IUIP may hauc to suffice. Bud,
photob
rapby IS repet,e md my rndude Mack and white. mfmd,

and CD fii
wth the Iat mtm~
to be own early on D.1 m
order to pemnt dctectim of final enemy pixp.mbons.
(d)
pbotoqrrpby
pro.&a
.lkneuun
Phot.w&y.
This UI krgc SC&
flown m support of un,ca monng oer ,a,,d
It ui wed for t-
uulyas
md for d&coon
p.
and
rdentlficahon of enemy forces along dte rouf~ of adm.x.

(c)
Enemy
.Uonnuur
Photopphy.
This
pbotognphv of poagbk horhk router of approach. NormaJ.

II will bc eriic.l or ~pbt wrtwal atnp photognphy,
wk.
along the paabk

(f)
rpecttic t-em
cnem uuof
Special 6ar.w.
af ob,eca.
to enfy M crp.nd
of lame
adrance.
The
II photograph
flown to obtan mfomution
on mform.oon
of
md
dewed by atber me,,,s,
c
lwFM
21
i,,a,tcu,
detukd tepottt WU mcotpomte cxtcn~ve tBustn.
bm gtaphia.
(4) Diuwwn.
Gastderrttmlt rt iwth rbave WdI
prwie I redhtk snd complete cequeat for xtml photogmph,. Tk unit opwd
the mtuton of obtmnmg the photognpby may tit tkt l.xne muion to the tequut necuuw.
Such frctm P dottd emer. distutcs to the target, aru*biLty
of suit&k fIba and enem, oppattat may scvctdy twttct
w
rrguoted mlrim. Tk requter drw
wea.
tk, tk intended WC of the pbotogmpka mdudmg ttem. of
mfonnrbon k intenda to gain fmm them. Higher edtdm
it&igence mctIolu rnq k tn pc4uatm of tk iiomtuton
tequila ebmm1tmg mc neccmty rot the fw.
ptedude
.
(6) Ifavement.
Tk aauI imagery plan for the
ampbIIou udr foroc ia ptqued jamtry by tk CATF pnd
CLF. 11 tetlwb the imwtY tquttementa of rubordiite
Ianding fmc umta and ia djusted to the upabdihcs of
hty
--a
agenda Tk CLF ptcmdagutdana
to aubo&uk
taut8 concetning the iradabibty of imwcry
reca,,assm~
Bated M tbia yldma,
subordbtate
unita wbmtt tequuh iot send imagery to tk CLF. Thcsc
MpJmts xc caunb&,ed into tbc ovenll mtagey pLn for
the apuitwn. Appendix T contahts .n example of an aenal
bww
1005.
Ph
RECONNAISSANCE
AND SURVEILLANCE
OF AIRSPACE
a. DEFINITION. JCS Pub 1. Depwtmenr o,fkfnu
Dictiowr
of 3fifft.w aad A,,oeaad Terms. defvlu au IYI.
Nt.14
FMM
fmlltrte
the detectton.
hoetdc awnft
and m&r
identitiutton.
It mwlt h
area of suffictent depth to wmtt

mncecment of e~temtcamtrc~
ririn(l at I pant
md intcmphm
mMtamd
21
of
over an
friendly ultcrcept or corn

pnor to hmtik
mrenft ar.
from which they cn attad; frLndfy forces
c. WEATHER
RECONNAISSANCE.
unoc u .ccompi&d
for two pupan:
Weatherrwxmlib
a tnnrt&lonh
1006.
INTEGRATION
AIRSPACE
OF
SURFACE
RECONNAISSANCE
AND
AND
SURVEILLANCE
SECTION 11
REMOTE SENSORS
1102
ADVANTAGES
EMPLOYMENT
OF
REMOTE
SENSOR
The +mploYment of improved rleetromc combat swordiance/tupct
acquuutmn
systum
m no way obnstw
requvemcnt to1 contmued emploYme,

combat mtelliin~
swcdlana
colkctmn -ts
systems do poszs
the
of other nv~und
However. retmote sensor

umque advantages, some of
rhtch am:
c
FMFM 2.1
i. TLWELINESS. Remate
system8 pmvide Rmely
swveRImcc/t.ctiul data tbu MbcwdinDmducti.nl0f
b. ALL.\VEATHER. Remote system. UC s&m,%

untIy Icsl weather remrictedthan hum.o obaetvera.mi &a
int&gcncc coIIstion aslet&
c. FULLTIME. flmtote oelgon optate wthout regvd
to conditiciu of vitibility and fatque.
d. EXPENDABILITY. A -te
ae,uor, .re expsdare
and may be employed in hI&idc mn*nta.
e. SURVIVABILITY.
.4rua in whi& remote sectorsUC
employed may be am&cd by ruppwtins arms wtb . hii
pmb.biIIty of the smwIII~ee device, betsg udauged.
andconcukd
c.slote
t.e- M mIuinluuy
report
enemy
aunityd
renuin
undetected.
f. COVERTNESS. Pm&y
empIwd
g.FLEXIBILITY.
Rmmte setuca may be employed

ntber closeto or at great *awea from the usmgumt. use of
0crt.m d&wry meth&
sad, Y bigbqeed aue,aft 01
hehmpter delivery. reducu he needfor cimeco~
md
dmgaou pmnnci pmettation of cnanyhcId territory.
1103.
DISADVANTAGES
SENSOR
OF REMOTE
rite.t-
function of .&tm
duty cycle. and the
d~lftie Iimitatiotu unposedby useot battery power MUTCQ.
d. lAMMING/INTERFERENCE.
Remote scenu)rs
which
,eport vu , radio bnk arc rub,ect to ~Iectm~c ,rmmmq and
fmentiolvl 0, unmtcnttonrl lntertenncc tmm other ehckonlc emitter%
e. FAILURE RATE. Inherent m a electmnre systt
i# tile pombdity of cnmponent
ot any sln$e
c,cctmtt,c component may render the dencc meffecnvz.
idIRe.LM
f. FREQUENCY USAGE. Remote acneon rque

a
channelin an &udy overcmwdai radio frcqwncy spckum
and are subject to poeable uxterfercnccfrom ioul tadI
tranmutten 111
many puts of the world.
6. SUPPORT REQUIREMENIS. Inenucd dependenca
on the wc of remoteaomu requue appmptite prowam
support.suchas.
.
.
Tninsdpmonnel.
Airmat, or other meam for delivery. mmt~rw.
and
h. LOCATION. Roper ut&.tion of data .cquwed from

remote senw rcqldra preclk !uwxledge of the scmora
lOUttOP
EMPLOYMENT
Difficukks and disadvantagea

that may be encountered
when cmploylngremote muor 6ystenwm&de:
a. COST. Remote Xmo powsing the de&cd data
mkctmn a@Iitica
are wed in Iarts numbers The hish
eonaumptlonnte of expendablesenson can rcadt In ugnrRutI, repknuhmcnt cast&
b. LIMITED DfSCRLMMATION. Remote seadiwe UI reqmme to one 0, two phydul phauunmr
%tm.Uy. -te
&me do not provideidmta~tion
of the mUIce of enetgy *hi
cluaw tbc wiwion.
Tbc us
of a rlmty of typI or semom tn mn,unction with
other mketioa WII a&t in providing tdentdiitJon
of the activity.
1. ENEMY REACTION. Remote x~ora employed in

enemy areasa arb,crt to destruction. rcnmvil. 01 boohymppmg by
forcea.
,. TERRAIN MASKING. Remote seawon.re suscepttble

to termIn ma&q of Ime~f+lgbt ,ranmlLIIIQM. Effcctlw
employment requirea termn ~pPrecutmn and dctakd
flhmung of senwr r&y and monttoxsateIouhOns.
1104. SENSOR
CONTROL
MANAGEMENT
AND
PLATOON
c. LIMITED LIFE. Renmtc acanon arc dependentupon

batter, power. Tbc Iifwpan of tboc dcncn is. tbacfore..
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
113
FMFM 2-l
c. The SCAMP s mmpowd

tralnd
to xast
ratrhiii
dcbver mwte
of Mazincs who arc spendly
m remote settsar employment
arid mantam
sensor monitoring
be-
from helicopters.
plannmng. to
hcilitieicr
to anLyre
to ar.
remote
mformatmn.but
In the tbencz
to pmwde
a SES 01 SET, reaponsbd~t~ for cmpioymmt.

of
tentote
amsot
derived
mfofmation, and rcwion

unit. SE%
saancc
or SErs
r&t
information.
rmuina
wtb
may pmnde
SE%
md
SCAMP
SET%
diimuutmn
xc&am
lmson
rnrtion
combat
elements for ranotc
and \Iane
UI d&wry
In some imunccs.
md rubome
monitor
SE%
cap.biiity
between
the
should
be
of tbc sem.,, ryshm.
fycurc
a direct
and tbc fn
(3)
Implmtation
offers obrtreb
between the se-r
of remote -n
between
b. FREQUENCY
the
m tcmm
,ransmMOn
implanting
CONTROL
OF REMOTE
(1) Emdoyment
AND
of spcdic
detetmmed by the rvailabtiity

wll
be
mamgement b&w
at
level.
this level mnll be based on the
femme
when units M
pmbkms
offinr
rqued
to mow
Wttbin the txtvai
(3,
Bmdwidth:
are&)
rqu,mments.
of respowbilin.
the
vlth the comm~mc~t,~w+k~ho~~.
regxdii
frequmcv
management (frqucncy
and aswmcnt).
Partlrti
USC ot frqucnciea
iradablc
UoduLtion.
*ail
2.2% rttta
dtgitdandatlog
~ntcr.
to dif-
md auacat*o 01 frquencles
at the bigbcat Icvcl to p,rcludc dupbutton
(CEO)
auoutlon
&de:
manageNormaliv,
amcc tbb wdl eliminate frquencv
(2)
MHz
m respective
ftque?
theater
geograpbwal an.
G31S.2 must coo,dbutc
the
remote amsots wdi be
of frqucncws
and to determme pnontiea among mmpting
Power output:
and
MANAGEMENT
Overall remote xnmt
detamlned
be wompl!ed
162.174
that
rcqlutcs
umt
SENSORS
ferent areas. .\(.mgement
center
pnmary tttonitor site.
frtqwncy
band:
preclude
the most
support mordinatton
to theu lbwafught
communiatiom
amu of opmttom.
REQUIREMENTS
Frqurncv
to
To f4itite
I nrcescxy.
monttonng
hampered by extended
COMMllNICATIONS
may
by supporting amu to MMO~ derived
ment
a. CO\fJItiNICATION
tact~al
for tnlwm~on
communiation
be tldced to
operahorn lndepcndent 01 the parent quad.

1105.
utiSzed
severely restricu
of a SES or SET. llw

we&y
cucwtl
data
aa well.
nptd possrMc rcspxw
md retry rqwe.
or SET.6 m.y
Implant remote sensors. but such task&

crpabditv of a SET h &a
dewed
products
ct. any otbet
the COC/FSCC/DASC
,nfomutia,,,
or
piatoons.
provvic
mats.
the momtonng
inauction
ot to d.atgnated
teama and STA
may also
YMOI
*MM
c,,,,,pmmis
mon~torbtg h&y
of
mtdliience
within
the supported ticttcd
techntcd
to the intelliicnn
pcrmnnel such aa reconatcsana
inbrpmtatmn
net
be used. When fewide.

of
-te LYMO~
mttw.
bonmi todlidt monttor
ate&
Lkqnte
the usllpvnent of
to elements ot MACTFs
tin&d
of the intrll~nec
or dmbttatmtiw
attet*a
must be gwen to p~lng
wadable
for amwttc
frqwncies
they do not interfere
FMFSK
1106.
18.75 kHz
TACTICAL
the
remote sensors.
muat be utdizcd in such a wsy that

wtb
other
mutters
EMPLOYMENT
2nd tcccwets.
OF REhlOTE
SENSORS
(2) The trurmussron of sensor d&red
mon,tor
pliicd
I
ate to the mtclliicncz

over euttng
ruttic,ent
mtemd
ttugnitudr
appropriate
chanefi.
mfomwmn
pnonty.
Yonndlv.
over
the dmvcd
awlable
to bitt.
wu.
If utabbdwd.
appmprute
cmy
mhmcc net oh
If the data is
tlpcimmediate
tactical
*cl affect
*tution.11maybediwmmatcd
an
data from the
section should be acmm-
communiatmns.
a. Remote (ctmom are empisad

wult
pted.
opcnm~
tmop
existing
mmmuntc.abon. and loggica
commumution
will bc mmhted
adjaunt,
rttb
and subordbute
mteiligence net3 wdl atgmti-
tbc dtmmation
of sawor derived
~1 known or antici-
Smmts are sted where they effecbrely detect enemy
to the affected umt. vttb

d.ta
before, during. and after
where enemy a&ity
and
qldpment
moement.
acthitiea
activity
on
iii
of
Gmund and at&me
relay w$tema UC emploved, if ncczawry. to 0Crcome terrain

muking
between the Ynml
,x&y.
lbe temotc setwon are monitored aboard ddp u
site md the sensor momtoring
weUIsbymmmmdrmt.auhon.
FMFM 2-l
b. In artam
to cnh,mx
stNIPom.
loul
scnuity
mmO,c rnam
tiihutioru
mny bc employed
by mttgntio
with the
lo
bllcr.
adJxct,
and suborduutc
mmmnods
thmqb
cxuhg dwmek.
usmg rut* aurveiJkce system. Howcwr. rcnmtc wU0m arc

rn.38, cffectivcly
employed a, mny
beyond that of the
eaor equipment alquuc to Mneuver lwa.
b. W!cn
KIWI
c. I molt meance.
remote xraon
wJJ bc employed in
suppon of !mlt( posmun(( a c&dity

q,ucd
amu.
to teat, ,o the auuor
da,, by employmtj mmcuvcr element, or rupportiry

The
dlswmuuted
txdity.
sauor
Lo vl,crc.,cd
D-
rmphibiwr
xquircd
plrnniry
pention.
commatdnderampbiiiou
timely snfomww
bJwhvc
da
wdl
be pr.xcmcd
awencscsby a rwr
for.
ud
ti
be utilirtd
forccilatdii
a enemy acU*itr ti(hin
ama (AOA).
and
moJ,omq
the cxccuho
mnotc ICDM~ MI
xnmm
arc cmploycd I support of MAGTF
combat opcntiona
of.
u)
by the
force Lo pmvlde
the ampbibiaus
Examples of AOA empkymcnt
or I WPport of lonq ruge
pknnmg,
mOitong will omuJJy bc aceompbshcd by I sensor
ao,,ormg
fanlay
nvMed
and qutppcd
by SCAhlP. The
radia Ink YMOT dau !d molutorcd ctlhcr dnctly

@and
brscd
01
moru,ong frcilitv
urbane
nd
rcky
romully
or thmuqh
ryarcms
rcllin
The
monitanng
sasor
respow-
bdity far d omom cmpkycd wx,hin the obJcc,lvc uca, eve

,hougb a portion of tbcac devses ma be belnq wed m
ruppon ot IoaJ oprstiw
I rush cue,.
as dcsabcd
rcspo&b,y
m parqrwh
tot rcrctm
mm,
11071.
be eklrly
defined.
arc:
1108.
EVALUATION
OF
REMOTE
SENSOR
DATA
in mos, -.
,hc ~,crprcta,m
.md <,a presentltm
1 a melt
o, ~YMOI de&
md uvbk
tormat
accomp,,sJwd bv SCA.\lP personnel in Lhe rsor

,adt,y.
SJfF personnel wdJ pmrtdc asss,~w
gcncc rrr,f u) cx~nmie rc,trW

vltb Lhr, ab,a,cd
tmn aqcnclcr I o&r

,wc as u linoxkdp
1109.
be
10 ,he m,eU,-
trends. and companng data
from other mtelbmnce Y)UIEI, md collee,oensrc neeum,c rsMmc*
dcnrcd da,& the pmcue locallo 1 nmo,c
data
*dl
mon,,onng
0, fcnsor
KRU)~~ w impera-
of ,hc LCNOFJ opcratmg pmmc,cn.
DISSEMINATION
OF
SENSOR
DERIVED
INTELLIGENCE
.
.
Su,w,,na
of m,a
leading through ad],.
cu,,,J. M hW,k
countrks.
S,,wcilknce
cncmy
of
wrtcnvaysdiatmt
REMOTE
SENSOR
afields.
from the banlcfkld.
hubon.
ad
1110.
REACTION
MONITORING
t
IalFM 2-l
Lbdtntblu
of topognphy: mdb trammmh
II&z.
ofa#lt.
Ambient K.itznicand *cowtie oyc I~.
Ind-
po,xd.!ionduulty.
d. WEATHER CONSIDERATIONS. The empb)?nent of

My slwedhnm sy*tem an be affected to a dcgrM by the
ptevaiiillg we&u mnditioN. Climate k a faetat in mi&f
plmr&WWeihcd~ofrutherinfl~.x~yv~
greatly from ON tyQe of to armher. the fouowulg
f.ctonucummduuitobcpcrtinulttotJle~for
mpbynmt of thae denm:
.
PLANNING
Ptcapitatin: type. qumtity. duntim

andeffect cmloll complctmrL
Windrdoatymddirecth.
Tempmtute.
frequency.
Hum&y.
.
Cloud Cover: h&&tat and densty (iduding
fag).
e. ENEMY CONSIDERATIONS. The cffcctivena of

any ,ur*eillMe &cm
UD be affected by the enunya
fuadtacfty nth that ryrtml. OP&nul trpixiencx utdialea
that enemy for&x mu initiate muntenneuulea to wnd
detectton by suwciS~cz devices Greftd
plnnir&
momtoNt$. ud ehd;ing (when pombk) of cqxwment mu
lndiatc if the emmy II&# colutte~
Same of
thes camtennuaoca mdude:
.
Deauwim
of equipment.
Booby~-de*ie+s
114
FMFM 2.1
f. SUPPORT
duuhan
of
REQUIREMENTS.
the opemtmml
cqutpment k btgbly dcpmdcnt

detc-no
Tim pkmdw
employment
of
upmt the culy
of support rcquemcnk..
and COOT.
wvedknce
ad
Among
oompkte
the maty
helkoptertame
ludw
pkm+
of such kdmu.
NU
of appwcb
for the UT of mmotc sewom am:
pmbabk
m.,,
Avadabibty
TYP.
Qumhty.
L.xatlon.
kmlii
duw
sita ntbin
the actual amwdt. Infor-
C. AMBUSH.
the 7.aC.
A
offect,vc
of frkmily
form
ambush
Atr ddiwy:
airmtt
~akbiity.
type. qua
wukbiiity
of qtulxkd
Remotdy
my. and wwfiaumtton.

.
tkd+pkcement:
be nkblkbcd
remoa
wersonncl.
fad
from .oty dibwtv,.
empkeed
mtmlttot CnuItq
mth
tbc kdbn$ -.
abang Nlual
mmmami
ad
dctoluted
It mum be rtnnmkmd
EdIIO, ttomully
pcable
tbmugb
.hlJabdity of equipment md pmnmtel.

arukbility.
type. colltigtmbah
d. OFFENSIVE
Aucmtt:
quw.
F.cqutmmmtt foordatatcky tam Md equlpme,.
operltktn
Smlbx rnmlito~
mtdu
fwiity:
ad
level of pemocl
aatgncd
OPERATIONS.
u omuuy
su~~i3.t~~
mmate szuom
force
her
mmmuida
1113.
lwplm&k
fonwd,
ud
for
attd xtthdnr
found or when
aguw
LANDING
dicutc
ZONE
ukbtg
MONITORING.
a Mpbibiour
aa
to
to amu
tcrmn
ud
tacttai
the
whm
he
pm+
dratkw
m mamtairmtg conhe,
cmmtmticks.
and mu
when attd in witat dmctmn

Once the senton hue
UuditioM
OpcR,m.
In
of tcmote setttota to detect the cttemy.
on the fknka
must errltute
of
Once contact w mitmtcd. the emmy MY
pmnde him with.
employal
overlu
a.*ctmes of .pprcxh
pmitionr
suea
tactical
employment
rear screemng pmteehon
they may be empioycd to b&t
AND
the
be wdily
additien to the II,,

to
Inau&d
cat, bc achieved by
Md iumude
decisive engagemat
defcmiw
or
us&s.
the proper
may h employed in bkely enemy lagmbly
manawm ckment.
cam,.,,
combat
optmmlly under the cc.ntx.4 of the ,vwmd
Remote tz-
wad
mrviucbttg
un be effeetlvely pkcni
opentkm
tbmugb
area8 attd alog tutlml

1 tlmk_
thu,
by local vumty
m mmb.t
maneuver &menu
The area of operamu
to growad combat rkmenta
ctfeuirencr
bxlnmg awl pIwe, wolu.xd.
b. BEACH
m,wa would
almlc.
Cm-mm tstkal
Fii
at interwk
of app+cwh.
that poative tdentifiutwn
of
111
pomtmn to pmnde warm+
ambtmha, nuy be employed by imegmtiw
avemw
*mn
cavert
mtel
are employed rlow
if the ambuh k supported by aupportiry UM.
rlaon
mu,,,,&
mquues
and sctwom Jonq
mto the frkndly
of enemy appmwh
.
.m
sttes. They
mui for selectton of ape&e
enemy movwnmtt. Remote setuo4

mutea ludig
w-n
and .Ionq avenuea

kdmq
by the sewma k used lot the dcttaon o
the beach or -e
poakinK
of
cull awst in detemumng
Pnor to Dday.
enemy wmhonr
befom ad
ftmwbed
preppit$
the &me,
prepamtwn fun m the
m the vleinity of potenti
am mmutomd
(1) SurcedlMcs AuetJ
kndlng -
ZOM. Semor derived da,.
the feabiity
vltcmiatcd
support
nqvjnmcnta
Which
must
beCoNidcmdrmpkced
dw
comb., w&t
rurpme md riot employmu pmuslult
sellson
ami/
may
bc
of the encmy to detect
he it attemptxw
to dtsetwse.
detected movement, the commamim
the irdomumn
SulKd rcalizblg that pmtive
idut&fimtton
k not nwrmlly
paaible tbmugb satsam &me.
If the de&.x
k to test.
tbc comm.mler
haa the ~omul
optlocu opm to him. wbm the mkkbgemx ratmute mdiutcd

UK1QQbO.of~encmyfom.md~deasionrsmrdeto
11.7
Q
FMFM 2-l
control the enemy. rll wailable -UC

Iled to peasely
locate the enemy ud pnwtt his aape. A potnon of the
forcz candwtbt# the seep. amuted by man
aid mumtmlu. rhoutd be utikcd to cotam tbc cncmy wbik tbc
remunderof the f0r.x nvap tk ata.
ekmenk al Uu MAGTF. Given the owlina

of the t.ensx
detwcd data. rt b pmsiblc to quickly identify btfommtion
vhrcb fut swpott agenao requw. to &tack tugctt wltb
.ppropnatC uppor+Jn# arms. When remote semen are
empioycd in dtlutmlv where tar@ lrqtitlon u the pnme
c.msidentin, prcd+tcd
target, arc iduafkd
and
attadud by auppOmngama when mdtate scanty
in the tar&et ateM.
of the type atget.
dbxtxw
and speed oi
the tat@.
enemy ru.ztJon to the *,,a&.

from wbaquent
Remote aatmr,
employment. though rektive.iy nmpk.
be empkcai
tevwade
8. AREA
SURVEILLANCE.
large areaa and
acttnty.
for
erampk,
Se-
provide
m.y
suspected
cmmy
do 110, deny an area to the -y,

tn the kvd 01 activity.
AREA
OF
Beaus
ot
the ae.
of the enemy.
tbc
compkuty,
rquuc
&xdd
sepwputd
generally
area and render it completely
unprcttul
ateas are occuptcd.
and
bxatmn of these areas. I, k not always pwsibk

the wembly
atas.
SURVEILLANCE.
MW
wuh maxtmum 6ctncz Me, Commamicn
remote
to d&my
unusable. It Y
to leave troops thcte ,rJ ptwent
recnky.
Themultnuybc~tuscmblyvuauc~urrdonlytobc
mrccupi+d by tbe cnettty P short ttme later. Sentan
the enemy a base are.;
utfmutw~
ot butki
aces. Seleon
Tbu atmngement pmnda
tnfort~floo
rn~vement atutmd
for pktmmg muntenctton
canttot
they cat, provide
aa he ntumt
troop
to the
.long probable
opention
Altbwgb
1 o&t
to aecutmn
to cdkd
SENSOR
i. TARGET
ACQUISITION.
tend to sltppott
to be employed
I, Y mttctpatd
will be ammphehed
the tcduuqw
of a
infotllutton
on
of the retmgmdc.
EMPLACEMENT
rquted
men,
by o@c
cmpkcement
Most ap&c&otu
target rqltkiti
of remote
*ctintta
of a
-ft
M Bound
forrm.
contamed berevl encompus

cmtcmly waikbk.
enterm
tar each type smsot
and wcful.
pmfcswrul
baa tbc taetiul
to the ata.
Ait delivery of rnson
Ibttitatton
limitaho.
Ground/hand
of tquiring
ttdnsra
mm&em of Y-
accesd
the aeass
but emplacement accumcy ts degldnl.
of thk. tnaurd
Because
they
arc
am namuUy d&vend in a snmg in I aiqk delimy

aat dcfensa
iwtot8
that
pknntn,?. In gcncnl,
k,,.,&d~
mttM
to
weather eondihons
be CaMiderrd
acpatatdy
far pknniw
pus.
we
m opcnttarvl
mamrchbkacetmeY
andpredv
of semor Iwtwn,
dayttmc Gaul
The ait and ground catrgotks
wdi bc dkcawd
,foml*tloll
and advets
md
wound empkcz.
opntion.
cmpkcsment
bmiting
tbtle.
openuons.
that the majonty of empkccments
am the keys to suceaaful
o,, the volume

the atea and .
empkoemcnt
and gud1na
~peatic appliuuon
Enemy
.t the moat popitimu
deMba
m mmotc -
b. EMPLACEMENT TECHNIQUES. R&ally,

XMOI
emplacementM be dividedmto two wqoce-gmtmd
ad
w. Ground/hand cmpLeemenr of sepmndes a b&h
dc(gocof accuracyin cmdoyment whtrh b cnti
to etfecwe O~~IXWI of the su~cdlu~ccsystun. Knowkdge ai the
ptefmcd.
YNota
Remote ~ns.,ra may
pn.x
a. GENERAL. Tbtt puwapb

technques
petted-
ut the area cut be monitotcd
and directton 0) memy

baa
however,
enemy xtinty
left bcbbtd by IrkndIy
avenues of ttmwmmt
uily.
the FEBA
all of the dchvery upabditta
Known and Mlspceted enemy awnbly

to react when it ui detcmuned
to
enemy
but .xn be used
the wea and detect the pocnce
ASSEMBLY
of
uaembly
to mo~tot
h. ENEMY
be wed
mfc.t-mattQn
ot vartao~
dew
,,, the,,
TECHNIQUES
moN,or
quuy
pa&t
enemy rchnty m th.t area after mmplchoa
tatgas.
Saw,,
OPERATIONS.
bebmd
1114. REMOTE
rmy pmnde lumtke
wdl ti
aetIribea &nd tbeu own ualrity.
k. RETROGRADE
f. ROUTE SURVEILLANCE. .Semca m.y be placed

dotw ot m pmximtty to enemy lina of mmmtmtcatton.
lntomuwn genemted wdl be monitored. poapad, eni.
uated, and acted upott by a central r.ontml agmcy. This
and
is pwlbk
calam .ctw*tbmh
j. PATROLS.
&nvedkn~
numbcn.
Dependent upon the
damage -II,.
debwtta
.te
ol cmpkcemcnt
to pronde dqute
opcnhorul
purpox&
118
FMFM 2-l
C. COORDINATION
REQUIREMENTS
Communlutmn
treqwncy for gmund contact.
,f nquucd.
.
Drop
ada
fm-.wd
avadable, such aa radar burn
a,, ntntmlkr
(RABFAC,,
M porn-
ment tenam features which mu&i be used L)

a,rdebwy
reference pants.
Enemy defenses. d known.
Fm-vwd
UT controller
(FAC)
a..astact,
requlmd.
d. AIR
EMPLACEMENT
11.9
FMFM 2-l
11.10
FMFM 2.1
(a)P*
hit6n
hnt.
After -tr
am ur deliwed. ~ccunte -t
of eyxt ammr
loauorubaitkalto-oftb8mlmonblonlerto
pop&y referace sensor derived d.t. ud to dctermme d
additiluul empkawat
nemzduy to morutor the
tusct au. AU poaabk mum to record reluse f3.u and
ODcdiaolv dwuld be taken to suppsrt tJ& effort. to mdude
tbomqta pilot dchnef, br.f&bt strike c.metu, ndco ta$c
maxon rem&m. ami nrul rpota by tbue aucmft. A
fomx.i bnpkat repott wdl be made by ibe delivery untt in
the fotma, coati
in *ppmdix z.
c
FMFM 2.1
cmpb,ymet
pmceduw
they wdl unpkt.
required for the putkulu
The we&t
of individul
abwdy bwily
burdened pe-el
team, *aikbk
mu uml, tbc lb%
empkad.
Al&ush
pnmuy
-n
opet,honr
aNlM
al
ssna
of stgs that can be
monitarmg of remote seOf recaamw
cz
thin mrelo un be aawed
ses.ws
added to
the sm.U number of
u~ts
ts DO, the
m amphibious
whcte the opcratmlul
dkt.ks.
1115.
REMOTE SENSOR SUPPORT

PROCEDURES
1116.
SURVEILLANCE
AND
TARGET
ACQUISITION PLATOON
The mla~on of
the bTA
radar. ,gbt obawat~

me,
,datoo.
u to provide tramed
dence. and scout t-
,,, support of the rdle eompulies
as+,cd
miao~.
REQUEST
for cmployor on bztW,o-
u denred.
a. DEFfNlTlONS
(2)
To,@
4cqwuion
Tuget
dctwt,o,
tdcttticat,o.
dad
perrmt the effectwe
iml loutmn
xqtitio
01 a tat@
employment
!a
the
i suttiaent
of wupons.
b. ORCANfZATION
(1) pbtow.
q!4u,en
ami aria
of 29 Matmu.
llw
STA platoon is UI dentct of head-
cmllpny.
eganuad
blfatQ
bedion.It conasts
in,., a platoon hudqwtets
and 3
sectiN.
mudbcummughlYdlnteduuulopenhad
ddltid d"Q
the pkt
-t
11.12
FMFM 2.1
of reduced or no wibdify.
Reliance on tbcsc dcnccs most be

(a) Demded
avcoded.
(TEST).
(2) f2d.v
To,@
Desmprron
&qwto
(See
and ,Vf&
FY
31-100
Obaennnon,
ad
fii. NV3 this Illand.)

(b) Opemnoool
n&t
obsenrhon
dmce
completely pasave mwoq.

p~lorzooc
Grn
Ckrenrtw.
utdiza
The AN/TVS4
~tarhght and moonhgbt for
It pmwdea the vtewer wth
or scene tbmogb
ambtcnt
l&t
tiertmn. The NOD u wful.
under proper stiit
hghhtconditwos. m rcquriog
ud
rewgmnw
mteoc+
or moon.
tarsets. It may
akl bc scd l aslat the commulder to mw~
conbwl
of the maneel or movement f fnendly forces.
(d) LLnitorrau.
aelf
&
NOD is heavy; the dencc
retgbs 35 poumls Md ils tripod wet#M 10 poorads. This
po,,&f,jw
co,x&ato
ia a bouting fac,r
when . NOD
11.13
FMFM 2-l
tam u udwed to support . rifle comp.ny. llw NOD k

scvereb dwadcd in pcrfomuna by min. 103. snake, mow.
~durtinmu~theunw~uuddeQIeuh_vision
b impaired vnder rueh condition.. Althou& the NOD
pmnda the wentor with a good plnonmic vkw undw
proper ambfent b&t conditforu. it doa not make mqe
utblutioll caw. Its bud ml3 pmnda an urmutb qabinty
but is difficdt to mad at night unlcr I tl&Ii&t t ws,d.
The mqe and aamutb Ibnitltto~
m,y be o-me
by
pabiw the NOD with a ndu. pmvided the qui,ed
tar3et
h moviw. A mown8 uxxet wubxd
by a NOD msy be
banded Oler to the ndu for ~MIIIB rang8 and ufmutb
dam. Simdady. the NOD ma, be ued to recognize M
dtntify monng u%etm xwired fti by thz mdu with wiudl
tt is pabed. Field tcstitw mdkatw that NOD operaton have
enme dihicdty in djurtm3 their *idon to dulowa condl.
tmna after OpmtJns the c+ipment.
d. OPERATIONAL EMPLOYMENT
(2) Ruignmrnt
11.14
c
FMFM 2-l
Ii-15
MFM
2-l
It mud
be podtionad for the puwd
diced
of
fmm p&tion
the rupported
of its usr sod then
to position in the forwad
campay.
lld8
mut
nwvemmt
be Fonaidered 111
pLnnblg night offendve operatiaw.

(h)
effective
In
(i) Act&e Emitter. The ndu I an ume cmittcr

of ekcm3magneec crazy
witen 0pctbq.
kept in mud witen opem%g .&wt

able
aphisbati
3ulce be MY
ekctmme
radtly
by duea
fire.
operato
-t
toate
cmmtamuuua
end
the opentom
I t+fkmm.
mud clwn
i.e., are not ma&cd
fu.
and concut-
but it u obrioudy
by ternin.
wirh the wentor
AN,TS-t
NOD
bcbii
mut
To ftmaion
that the devirrs an
an object. (II dense
Tbe Ah/PPS-15 radar is d-cd
open&m
Tbe
IhcmdumdNOD
u
for them to make atd~ use u dwy M.
cffedively.
m;
apability.
the emittins radar and attack It
take full advnlt@,a of mva
ment in the same d&able
Tb3# fat must be
as, enemy with a -n-
to &t
ICM~C
cover 01 III a foxhole.
be viewed dbwtiy
bv
the
OPC,(II.
(I) T&in,.
Aside
garrimn or 1 @l+o&ke
fmm
SitlMion
tedmiul
tnte
on their equipment. full adnntage
w-d
train@
operaton
with
ue famdtu
eamnunden
lbnitat~~~
tbc
rifk
tramng
wilae opmtora
eompMie4
mud be taken of
to cnsxe
W&I company tact&d opemtionr
are rutty fundtar wtb
tbe STA apbifitta
of (he radar. NOD, and rout

(In, M&telwum.
coneenthat
md
znd
tams.
Only orgudlattolul
munte.
11.16
FMFM 2-l
11-18
1201.
DEFlhITIONS
b. TARGET ACQUISITION. The detection, ,denWic.non, ud kouxn of t target II, sufficiem detad to pernut
the cffecave cmpkyment of veaponr
c. TARGET ANALYSIS. Intelliga~
wbicb portrays
and louta the componenb of a target 01 tq,et campkx
ItId uldiam
IP lublembibty ral r&tin
importmoc.
d. TARGET INTELLIGENCE. lntelligcna which partray8 and buta

tbe camponcn~ of I tar@ or target
complex a4 indicatea it8 vulaenbility and relative impw
tllla.
c. TARGET LfST. A limmg of tug& vxbztumi
and
psomul@ed by the (CNOI echelon of cammud: it containa
12.1
FMFM 2.1
f. TARGET
MATERIALS.
other p~~~ntaticw
more
upon
trunrll&
1202.
Graphic.
textual. tdulu,
of target intclligcnrr.
to support opcratto~
awwt
vtenu.
&lung.
prirmrily
deqad
Target
tyta
matert.h
for
(1)
Lamtfon.
in orde to facdiute
a. SOURCES
the detectton.
sutfwent
AND
AGENCIES.
idcnhfiution,
dctad
to
Tqet
and location
pcmut
the cffecttvc
,cput,t,&,,,
i,
vidbility.
of
b,
located to ritbii
a mt
emprovmcOt
that
arc partwutarty
( 11 rawer itlotenaf.
UI target
Provm.
reqtihoa
Tawt
m several fomla to fit a VUtety of opentiona.

target matcnals program are the
(ATMP)
and the bcttcal

(2)
u t-et
target mater,&
storqc.
retneval.
maeriab
program
pmgnm
(TTYP).
(V,Ps,.
FzllF /bmnci.
of
This system provides
and diimin.t,on
AR FMF
rpect.tisb
pro*idc appivpaatc
lnfomutmn
b. REPORTING.
of
urgct
attacks. Furthermom.
~ltficknt
altitude
must
hc
gwcn
to pemut the ,wcunte delivery of werat,
wupom.
mtilkty,
and
NGF.
(3)
IkxrWion.
The
(a) TYP
hde.r.
target ia dentlfied
as 10 tt.5:
(b)
length, wdtb.
Si.
he&t
shape,
i.e.. round. oblong. rtn&t.

dcaPlks
and
atntude,
(where approprute),
tbe @id be.rw
,ncludu~
the
and genera, &ape:
cwvcd. urwdu,
etc. Athtudc
or rzunuth of ,he ma,or ax,s of the
from comb,,
ehou!-, be tasked to
reglr&blg targets.
Infomuhon
erpeditioudy
agcnuw.
,CUM.
r@&
tugeta mast be
to 111 interested commands m order
to pcmut me tar the plannmg and CICCU,~~ o, appr.,pr&e

cont,m
tar@should be
target and shoutd be given to the nearest 100 rmls.
ruts to mtelligena
rcpwtcd
in ordn
Tbii
,rcuiiece.
(3)
carectly
come
the mtntclgeneecenter (IC)
the amphdwous command htp (LCC).

automated
r&ted
under au candrtloru of
10 meten.
lnrluded in (he
xacd lnteNf#enca Proceufngsyrrsm
data base 1s wadable wtbin
UC:
matetub
target must be prcclsely located
(2) Allihdo. The tar@
and agency
s&niftcmt
The
effective ,ttack
WIterr map *ecuracy wdl permit,
of
th.,un p,,,,,&info,_
m.tmn
mncemux
tarseta
must
beexpbited.
Some
of these
weapons. Every saurct
support nlew
the tqe,
wch opr.nttQnr.
ACQUISITION
TARGET
is the moat~ppmprutcfire
wlwb
to Ita m ltwkblg
are ul,t.bk
exccubng, md nabmttt
01
d-4
by one o,
these repoN
informstmn
should. whvt
to pen,,,,
a detakd
(4)
Yufnemblty.
The
vtdncmbibty
of
target
depend, on fhc follawng:
po&,e,
wt
antlvsls.
1203. TARGET
a.
ANALYSIS
Target uulyais
ia an csential
of target mtelbtence.
A swwted
step UL the p,oduction

form for ,a@
(b)
,nalysra
M,benerraury
todestroy .n
u contamed by appendix AD.
of on
b. The
tqtct
mtelliince
produced
analyw s used to make the follormg
th,o,,gb
target
dctermmauon:
yard m&t
mad
be tied up by destruction of a witch,
port could k
rb ~mWllle.tW
.
entire target tf the destructton
of ie campenents WU udtiee. For example. a rrtbvad

temporudy
panty&
o( a cem-
by dcstructmn of
III-M.
which targets should be lthdced?

(5)
wut
u the target dasiftcation
and priotity!
When and how oten should the tuget be ,t,,&ed?
Rceupembffity.
How lcq
will it take the dam-
aged tqtet
to be reinforced or replaced? Thin infomutton
YI nncaauy
to dctcrmme the timing and frequency al strikes
q.mt
the t.Wb.
12.2
FMFM
Z-1
for ti
and
rcttom
type
buo whirh die wget list u Lnded:
of
utegartzed
fue.
acd
for
a9 to innwna
the dusfiuhon
on phaa
I.c.. tune
of
targets.
of the ampbibii
0peolu.
b. For
dopb
extended
a taxwtfng
Rcgudkr
ahorc.
each
remain
pmdua.
ullw.
In that
amI divemuute
be mut
tar@
contmue
to
mtdligence.
TARGET INTELLJCENCEOFFICER
a.Muine
intdligwe
dividom
offiar
sad
mast MACTFi
(TGTINTELO)
have a target
authortwd
scstioo of their headquarters by cutrent

utton.
command
smb its mqnremenca.
of the system wed, the dutie. of the mteU&noc
offiw
wqire.
1206.
o~ntmna
system that bat
He pafonm
bia dutk
the G-2 and wotks dwdy

,ectxon and tii
uada
nth
tbc at.ff
af the MAGTF
met
mpaaentatwer
ruppor( monttnatmn
b. The duna
u, the G-2
tables of oryruof
of the G3
canter (FXC).
tawzt
vltdlisncc
offimr
UIdUk:
(2)
Ronde
matic4 ofticer
tan@
inteuigmce
to
for UK in the pmpmtmn
tbc target mfor-
of the ampbtbii
twkfometytfkt.
c. The
mnttnuou
tarset
intd&ewt
iiuon
with the target mformatbm officer (TIO)
officez
u, the FSCC to e-
comtmwx
inforrruttoa
badligena.
ax-l tuget
TIOwi,hwewxsstocnomuw
numtaim
and tidy
Duting
dose and
crhqe
opcntmlv
qwtltla
of
the
ot infamuhoon
thuiarqrtedovervutousfireulpportnetI.
d. Siw
tabka
TCTlNTRL.D
b&w
of
-tica
division
do not
or
landing
pmvtde for a
forcz (MAGTF)
k.d,thecommadamayd~tc&inf~byS.2orone
of hia .&twits
1207.
u the TGTINTRLO.
TARGET INFORMATION OFFICER
FMFM 2.1
FMFM 2.1
FMFM 2.1
(2) Pmcwensnr. CINCLANTFLT and ClNCPACFLT

hare pmmul3ad instruchonr re&ii
the pmauamlt
of map and dutu for their mspwtie YIU of intaut.
b. INTELLIGENCE SECTION SOP. l%e lntellkencz

offfar prepsmi the
for the muthe wtintia of the irateIl&m
areaon. Tk fomut and mntcnt of the SOP depend
ooUKlcIdof~sommud.therulurroftheopn(ioru.
ami the de&u of the inh@na
oftica. fJaaUy. the
SOP shouu a&n tuka to the uH)II( mcmbm of the
section to the oldcdy. effiaent. and tin+ xcomplbbmcnt of all redpwribilitia under the co@wk?e of the
i&l&aKe omcer.
c. UNIT INTELLIGENCE SOP
(4) Topa,qAic Campmy. ThhetopwwfdemmpnP

M auppkmmt the n.xnul m.p supply by tbe pmpambonof
a limited number of -es_
OwhYa, onrpintl. dcetdIe+
and map mhtltuta (muchu photomap) for the MAGTF.
See FMFM 44. &ngnnr Orm~Iionz for L dctaikd diswian
of thii olganialtion
(b) Promote effiaency m mtelligena func.

timm3 nthin the mmmmd by pmvidii uufomuty m
appl*ltloa of routine pmccdwcdand tee
b. SPECUL SECURITY
OFFICRR. Tlda fmwhon in
wally rcqumd at b-de
md h&her level stzffs for contra4
and hmdling of specid ulteni3ena. The procedum far thh
function are mntamed in DOD lmtnrction 5200.17W?)
whfsh is lV&bk
dlmugh specmllecl&y ohiar duM&
1302
STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURES
a. GENERAL. Them arc hvo typea of SOPs of concern

lo tbc uueu@enceoftiicer. lhey are the intdligencc s?xtlo
SOP and the wut intclligmce SOP.
(2) Ihere is no prwnbed romut for a tit imel.

ligence SOP. Each unit should edlblbb appmphte SOPs
baaedon Its own rcquiremctr and inarmctionsfrom higher
hudquuten. See *ppendix AE for I sampleoutline for I
!lN, intdliiencz SOP.
13.2
fMfMZ.1
SECTION 14
TRAINING
FMFM 2.1
14D2
BASIC
INTELLIGENCE
TRAINING
pkcra such pcnonncl in poisitiom whe,e they frequentIy

observeand came m cant& wth the enemy. Aecotdiiy.
they oompnaea potentiaUy &able sourceof intruigence
infomution. In addifion to thoseaabIectrruted in paragraph
14002,the foILwing should bc bad&d in the inteUiqcncc
truningoftbescpamNlcI:
Is
a. INTELWGENCE SUBJECTS
a. INTELLIGENCE
SUBJECTS
(1) Grwnd (IlIft
.
.
.
Nature and pwpme of comb.t mtellipencc.

SamqdHapbne.
Defeme winat ho&k efforts toard subrem,ooo
.
.
Scoutinsand ~troII@, day and n&t_

Ohmtim
post techniques.proadu~~. &
a(UtplWt.
s Techwues of employmentfor remotesensor.
smimd awwdkwe radar. and night obscrv.twn dcnces.
(2) Air Unit& Tedmques of ~rUl nnU obserrttma,.
(3) .&and Ground units
(b) Detukd truing in the orwuution. tachca

and tccbmques.ad equtpmentof host& umts of the type
bkeIy to be encountereda( obwwd by them.
b. RELATED SUBJECTS
(1) Reporting of inform&on to include the ~mpor-
b. RELATED SUBJECTS
.
.
vrp, chat. and photo readii.

IJaeot .*adabk Cans of cvmmlm,cno.
Obwvatton and reporting: cmpbas an obIectwe
reportbY$of facts r&et than sub,cc*w rcp.xtulg
or interpretItmn or fxts.
camouflage.
Swnnl.
wasIon. mwtana
to intenoptlon,
escape.and the US. Cede of Condct.
tance of tbnelinebs.xtity,
and danty; and. Ior ground
units. the prcpaatkm of tield mesaw. owiava, and ekmenwy sketches.
(2) Ekmenury
1404. TRAINING
AND
OF NONINTELLIGENCE
PERSONNEL OF COMBAT
COMBAT SUPPORT UNITS
OF PERSONNEL
AGENCIES
UISSION
1403. TRAINING
term,noIogy used ,n
descnbii
topogmphicand hvdmgmphk futures.

M
UNITS
WHOSE PRIMARY
INCLUDES
OBSERVATION
OR RECONNAISSANCE
AND
Ronlntcuiie
Feramnel of mmbat Md combatluppoti
lINta UC rut.Je,t to oecasmndemployment a8 memberaOf
recolUldllllOC pamk. 0bxcvatio peas, and Iiiening posts.
AU pdots may have oppottu~ties to observe temm not
under our mnmd. Further. normaI combat employment
14-z
FMFM 2.1
Emmaoon
of
detcrmm.tion
the enemy nt!mt,on,
to *elude
of enemy ap&ljtin
and ,,d,,cr.
dd,bh.
1406.
TRAINING
OF INTELLIGENCE
SPECIALISTS
Inteh,tenec spa&t
m,crpre,aon
,-.
tern psmel
such aa ,mqcy
mtcrrogatortitito,
te,ma, counter-
mtcUi,ynce teams. and interpreter teuns recmve spwabud

Lnvung
accordanoc
MditionaUv.
contuned
Orqm,lr,~on.
,ac,,a
and ,echmqueq
and equip
ment of the enemy.

.
CouteMtcLUience
Obsewanon md rcpoltulq.
\Iap
Remotc XRM,X. gound

pllnnulg
and xcuntv
imrgery
in panprph
be tnmcd
,belr dunes
Cktukd
diin
of such
whxb u wuUy
accumpluhed a, formll inteljigcncc
the scope of
speci&t
lntsljiince
not
wbin
VAGTF
for a gwcn opcntmn.

to ,ran
tharowldy
thu
mmwl.
When
personnel am to bc attached ,o the
cnou&
1407.
reading: mdttay
coMdent10ns.
wth
they should be jomed ezrjy
the m,s wtb
m combat.
mtegntcd
sketchit.
surre&na
,A,,
whom they wU
in order that
be
they mzy become
mto the mtelligence orguuutmns
ot
and
equpment
INTEGRATION
and ~lencd
m the f&wing
camtul integntion of the mtdliince
caps
ctdutcd prmnnel
sub,eeb u ,equud
bv
OF INTELLIGENCE
TRAINING
wtth other ,rtiw,

ofken
1405.
training
liina
b. In addition.
employment.
fnasurcs.
bdiha.
&wdd
no,m,l
these wuts.
and
,hnr
s&ok
functmmn~
.
wtb
they should rcfewe ,mmmg in the rub~ecrs
tranlry pr.qram
enbanccs the value of both the mtcl-
and the nonlntelbgenn
,n,nmg.
Each UN, should
reach that porn, m tnmmr in whxb appmprutc

*ctwihc.
The
hun,q
arc done autom*hcaUy
mtelliince
o,ticer
ho&l
,n,elbgence
u part of ita basic ,a&.

camfully
study hL
un,,s
scheduk to determme my pmuMe subjects in which
some phu
ot intelbgencc trunmg
Then. in coordin.tlon
wth
the off,
would be .ppmpnatc.
mponable
for that
14.3
144
FMFM 2.1
COMBAT INTELLIGENCE
(1) F?eparemte&gencestudleaOR all other alus of

the wxld whew Ihe camand ma&hibe cnmrmttcd.Thex
studio do not hare to bc nnttm. but the materialasbovldbc
oguurrd to perma npd pmdumon
themllImunL
b. COUNTEIUNTELLICENCE
(1) Pnpue rmmtcnntellynee PkM to slpport av
cmtmgcnq
pkna aeagwd to the eommmd.
FMFM 2-1
(2) EMIre tit pcmod

of the mmmud
sty dared and that list8 ye kept current.
arc pmp
lM3.
AMPHIBIOUSOPERATION
c. ADMINISTRATION
COMBAT INTELLIGENCE
(2) Propa and ptcsmt an INtLi mteuiincc bding

to the mttlmuuiu. bk tiff. d otba Interested personnel.
Tbk k nwmrlly gkea orally. mJrins muimum use 01
lplphk aids.
(3) Renew pktu pmmu&ed

by hi
budqwrten
for NP md &at stodpdcs to determine d the d
of the
c.Jmrrmd are utwticd. and udtute xtio for -tlc
w.
(4, Advke the personnel oftice, of rcqutementa for
k,t,xd
mtdiiqence pewmel
wttbbt the command and
rerommesd the a&mtent
of wch pamand
to vanoua
biiets and unIta Wltbin the unnmand.
(.+ Ensure that d m&ntzed
items of intdliicc
equptttmt
se on hand and tn pmper mantenlncc
and
butwe letion to corn* any diipandu.
(6) MabIt&
frequent
lkkon
wtb
the inteuiinet
effkem of kgber. adjxent. and lower commands m order to

keep &eMt ot tbeu 61tuatto atId the tquvcmek
for
LWMfmCC.
(3) upon recctpt of me mmmmderr

pknNn$
3utdMct. prepare ail mittal intelligence CatlmatC. 11 tune
permtts. tbk estiuute k notm9ny wntten. Subsequent
uturutw
are uaully prepsred and gwen Omu. where
pcdubk. mtelligeKe psmmei tram subordinate cummznds
are pooled to ass&t in the ptT$umtlo of the mtcwJencc
study ud edtmute. Tbk estimate mllsl be c.xnpkted early
m plltmuts, nnoc pntio~
of it appca in otbcr stat*
QhmrtCd.
(4) Dctemlbw (he CommMd~ intcuigenee rcquuc.
merits. pcyJue a mlkction p+
etba appropnrte
otden and rqti
are unt. and utperv~~~ the cdkchon
effort. Since. during the pktmmg phase. the \IACTF
depend8 abnod exdumveh on bit&r and adjacent commads
for infomutimL rcquca
should be slbmtncd
a.9 SOOn
as pcable
VI mdu
to pctmit these cammmdt
the
max~wtt
powbk
&m-z tn awenng
the IiAGTFs
ttqUtVttUt%
d. TRAlhING
(2, conduct the intdtigenoc

pct8oMcl of tbc mmmMd.
(3) u every exemmpktencm
of SOP.. ud
tramtng of rnteuttnec
tcJ tat
the
make chat&a
nudity
and
u rcquved.
(6) Pmducc and dkcemuute
mteibgenee.
(4) Pkn, cooldbute,

and supew!ac nnwte sensor
tntnma ot the SCAMP and other untta of the cwmmd.
15.2
/
FYFM
(8)
t--
pmvtdtw
the mtel-
and rndulyzc *arms.
Acqum
!+ence thu
bumed
to the tire support cowdiitw
01 hi
be postponed wad after cmbukatto.
Lc.va and lrhny

cuIt*ent
reprexntattrw.
(9)
shdd
S,rr
the VAGTF
wdl be embadwd on revem,
,hhlps. pkn ,ot d,scm,,,,u
o, intornutmn
md ,teU.ccc
(6) Cenw*hlp
ctfecuvc
~~lmett
cvwxma
(10,
cootdtue
documents. ud
wtth
regalii
the permel
the hudlittgot
otfiar
ad the
uptwcd
personnel.
tWS3.
prepare
wxdtruted.
parsslon
empbaw.e
of dvnes
thu I the only rally
may
snd
be
desmble
tekphonc
surty
u omully
u,k
teds.
forbtdde.
to
before
Ako.
the
uni
permlul
t,
ksuce
mamaL
cootdittatton
detuled
wtth
the
rcconnutwce
t&ii allc0Ucett.3
agectea.
It
mrd
caICM arc ngJdly contrc4kd.

(7)
(11)
connmntly.
pwrlm.
cewnng
e,badt.tto
loglsttcs ottictr
u strwed
by rrch mdwtdual Y empburzed. ace
w*
tack force mtelbgenee ottiecr.
when poeable.
>mec any sadden
wll gwe Me 1 speculrtton.
whdc the !dAGTF ,I embarked are developed UI mordmatton

tbc lmplubiolu
ate teduccd (~adwliy.
2.1
ad sunedkce
Prepam the eountcrmtclJiicncc
IS part of the intelliiena
plln
*ox.
pluu,
(8)
To minuntze the prohahdity 01 ktcr comptxmuse.
recommcdationr
~kcttoo
ot
vlectlo
thotdd
be
embulotto
stbrmtted
mttd reheat4
of mutes and ttmea for
regtdinq
area
the
md
(he mo~eme,
the
to the
cmbatiatmn area.
I
(13,
PLn wth
the CEO.
d,gjtal c.,mmtmtcat,a
mmrdab
requtteme~
li&a. emrdlnate
brJrs wtth the amohtbkua
19) The ,mportrce
for votce .d
the use of mmotc
task torte WeUwnee
cutcd
vhc
the pk,%
the uque
of thev
upen,,
b. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
phw.
(1)
tamcted
Estabbdt
a-
for
amas am guaded. 2nd entry u etn4kd

its,. CmtteMteUi,?ecc
teuM
pkw.
collectton.
wdcrprcad
EIW
opportuntty
,tomutw
to be moat sucepttbk
tar
rerwdiw
te eompmm~~c dunw
the
tbk
unlcr pmpcrly protected.
Thav
by a speeui acczm
coduct freqtx,
for esptorugc durw
phue am understood. The natm ad extent
O, fnendlv rcuviuea. otk~q

mfonnam
measwes c. be appe-
opponuntncs
c. .ADIlINlSTRATION
uwpentoc
ad Cahtaha of these areas.

Pktg
(2)
t&now
mtomtltto
bass. Common sew
s,ze md mmpwtio
be ecssry
Is nkaxd
only 0 a need.
IS mquvcd
to detcmune the
t the eed-to.kw
group. It my
to mitkte action to obtam ckatacm
tot rcrtam
(2)
members ot the corn&.

&arts.
(3)
AU ~terui
teietrw
clutatiutto.
to the opntro
appxoptutc
sattnty
puuadarly
semttiw ate &cd.
Grtam
ot banalto
comtad posts or VI amtaft
t.5 we
lnittate
Coordbutc
~etta
to
obtatn
wtth the otfiar
for atwage. bawl&.
necessary map
as@d
xxi
rcapo~dtty
ad isue.
iterrur whtch arc
not to be umcd
(3)
lonvatd
flymax over enemy
Renew
the MAGTF
mteU@ece scetto SOP, ad
tnteUiicc
SOP and the
make teqtwed chanpea.
held terms.
(4)
(4)
Detcmtmc
markmg of vchi&
if
aid
code wmbob
opnmrul
arc ttsd to corer extshng tacttul
ecuew
eqtttpme,.
for
equ,pnmt
E,,we
that the ,tcUiicncc
sw1t.z pe~sonnei ad
are ready tar embark&m.
If so. they
(5)
mukig.
mtrlligaxz
itell&eor
If pncmabk.
section
atrage
mth
sectto. thmby
the
for locattnn the MACTF

mtphtbiotts
rcnnttttg
a joint
task
terce
vlteU&cc
center.
FMFM 2-1
d. TRAINING
1505.
(1) Fia. mordbute. Md svpmr

ulylutmblute
intdbgencetnmbq rcquucd by the commaI.
(2) fntelulfy
bamm3
1504. AMPIUBIOUS
(EMBARKATION
of
intelligenec pelwmel
OPERATION
AMPHIBIOUS
(REHEARSAL
OPERATION
PHASE)
. . COMBAT INTELLIGENCE. Tclt plw for the

mucmon of blfomution ud the pfoeam3ulddimcmi.
ruhan of intelligence indudiq the rewm&taec
md
slweiumce &.
b. COUNIWUNTELLICENCE
PHASE)
a. COMBAT INTELLIGENCE. Commenct tbc,c.mt cdkctton. pmcemng rnd diimuution

of blteuI3w.e ntb the
lnteui3cnc tection of the lmphlb~
tatk torte and couhnw c.mrdlMted recallnwanccandame~~
b. COUNTERlNTBLIJCENCE
c. ADMINISTRATION. Ted c.,mmunia&,,u. ,taff pro.

ccduw. and the pmriawu of the MACTF inteil&na SOP
ud the mteuiia
aectlnnSOP.
(2) Ensue that ContaCt between Ibe troop and
&Ji,nt. both en mute .nd in the embarkation ue.. u kept
to 111rbsolute mInImum.
1506.
AMPHIBIOUS
(MOVEMENT
OPERATION
PHASE)
a. COMBAT INTELLIGENCE
(1) Produceand &muute
(4) Ebe embarked.
poatwe ldenhhatlon
ot all ~MN
intdiigencr u obtained.
to
(5) hK to the new&y

to huupo* and mardull
luge amouotaof cgwpment, the tbrut of sabotagemu be
at its greatestdurm3 the cmbarkahon pbw. Fmpr meaura
an nta deny the enemy x.xm to the many p&en.
ttdly lumtlve bt3eu ptwotcd.
c. ADMINISTBATION
(3) Mtiuin
a CGiltuluvlg mtdligeac cslimlte.
(4) Suwmta with the amphibious tnk force intdligcnces&ontheelnvtiwdthcmoMlivlnctud

surlcdlulcc plul.
(5) Remamend .pp~pn&e duttfst w nx&icabona
Mluulcc and nn*cdlulec &la
to the rcsm
(1) Establishthe mtelligcncere(ion in wgacd off&

rpaccaaboad ship.
(2) Aettnte the joint intclbsenee center if not p
noudy done.
b. COUNTERlNTW.LlGENCE
(1) Belmvt reawionl
,b.,ut Dday. H-!mur. de&n&d
on mf.nmm# the Imop

land@ budw, hebcopta
FMFM 2.1
(7)
JJJce
Supervine w!h
Ihc amphtbiau
5wtJon the eXeEtH) of
sunuUanu
b. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE.
plirhmmt
w+Ja
ta.& force utel-
the reconaaaluc
and
pJan.
Supcms.
of mtmtermtcJJ~ence
the
muntetmteU&ncc
epeatiolu
pJan.
tJw
accom.
m accordance
included
ye
the
foliowl~:
1507. AMPHIBIOUS OPERATION

(ASSAULT PHASE)
(2)
I. COMBAT I>TELLICENCE
Estaisk
instaJlatir.a
(1)
Pmduec ud
dlssemmate ,nteJJiimce a, obtamed.
(2,
OimemlNtc
urgent !nfomlrtton
tJut rqture
(3,
amtvxts
It.
(3)
adjacent
EstabJii
to
the
mlmtcMtdJ~ece
pnsoner+f.ru
mtermgatmn
mtermgatmn
center
centet or
other secure M.
Hamam
cOtmumg
ultr.Jltgena
esttmate.
(4,
porn&
(4)
Rena
(5)
Pmndr
the cdkcuon
tvqet
tntebnee
to
(5,
the FSC or his

u
the
aecompluhmcnt
of
inteUiin=
Loate
amu.
car&,
ud
and rcco*er
exphwi*e%
medfcll
Supemac
Establd~ cmnJfancontml me-
ident&atioon
mch u hcck-
curfew
m cwdiiwn
WltJt the pcmonneJofficer.
plan .a rqwmd.
tCplWWJVC.
(6)
agaimt sabotage for dl mdJwy
In opcntkln.
and Lntdliinct
by the fastest pomblc meam to the umta or wff
-ty
and for rhosc etvihan mstaJJatio~ to be kept
COtrabMd
cmnmlUUnon
aupplics. or other items whld,
mater!&
swh
equipment.
food.
tune not hen
sus
rendered in accordance w*lth pmclamatmns.
rehvitier m rccodannce xltb the mtdUJence annex. lnduded

(6)
arc the folJowlng:
Entorte
c.ampJJance wth
camou!lw,e and hhck-
Ot &ttom.
(a,
ad
EEIi
are mswered. deleted when stidii.

(7) PubUsh effective CountelagM.
new EEIr added as rcqwed.

(b) lntcJUgcneccdlect~on &are
rcmmplJ&d.
(8) Conduct
by WI
(c) Gptuxd
pcrronnd. document,.
and matettel
(d) Maps. charts, and pJmtogr@a
are dtunsd
mddiiutoiaarequrtd.
(e) Reports UC wbmttted on bme tn tJu popet

fotmu.
rawtty
putlcuJ.dy
wmpmmtling
checka of
aJl aleu
vluted
command posts, to dctvmvlt
materul
bu
been uudvertentty
left
bdlind.
are exploited fully.
if my
troops
(9)F.stablhh
DJordiNhml
(10)
uwlteneconMmY8ncc
mtb the opewiom
Seize. exploit.
and
meMt!rea
in
off&r.
protect
munterintdligence
t=fw%
155
FMFM 2-1
C. ADMINISTRATION
(6) Report the statusand rudincaa of rcmotc swwor

equipmen*to the c-2.
(1) When dbwtcd. dies&e the jomt inml~nce

center and dispke the YACTF mtelL&nce sectxrn
*re.
1508.
b. COUNTERINTELLfCEhCE
biiphie
repo* on memben of the
eivilim popullcz who have been obeened w mva~ted.
a. COMBAT INTELLlGENCR
(1) Complete studies of the memy concemm3 hi0
orgntrrhoh
we.pm and equzpacnt. tactical doctrine.
ud mmb*t efficient. llledc studiu, abn3 Wltil any other
matcnJ deemed apptopnate. am fonvuded to higher head.
quarters.
submit
(2)
Ii& of comctioru to existm3 map
charts. and ama atudicr to appmptiate hcdqwtcn
u
(3) Ev.lute md report on the cffecnvenemof the

c.wnteMtel&eacz tams, techniquesand pTocedure6.and
equqxtwntemplayed.
(4) Enbute aad report on the effeetweness of
coimterintelligenct opentmm mnducted in the opennon.
E. ADMINISTRATION
mid.
(2) Renew tbc plam for stockpdin3 of INpa ud

charts to luppwt contmgencyoperattonh and ncommcrd
changes rqued.
(3) Renew the MACTF u,teU&encc SOP md the
intcu&eme ~chal SOP. and nuk.e cbatwer u requual.
(5) Evrluate ml rep~ti on the cffectiwws,
draacminauonof ryreting vlromlruon
contml agegcncxd.
of
to.ppropru*e
t-ii
d. TRAINING. Resume mtelliima

tnming. with
which combathrs provenwe in need
0, the gwtcst attewion.
cmpiusls
onthose
areas
a
FMFM 2-l
SECTION 16
AIR
INTELLIGENCE
FMFM 2-I
(d) Debnefinaof comht crews.

(2) Ross
(i.e.. evdlute and W-t)
the miketed
1605. TARGET
mfornutton to:
(a) Detemdneits probabk s-y.
mdbnpotianx.
INFORMATION
sigmfiance,
(b) Deternine the &&ionec

of the mformc
tiobnL( it relatedto the ucampliskment of the urutsWdon.
(3) Dirsmmatc the pmmaed intdliincs by penodic

mteu&nce report?. apecld mtelbgma rem.
lnt4iincc
summazxh termn and wutbn atudie% atlutton *w.
and
bnefii.
b. YWELLANEOUS
DUTIES. Miwdlaneout duties of
tbc ,lz bIteSigwlccorfiw and bia ECMO arc to:
(3) cooldIMte rqldrementa for mapa and dutt
and
control Ihcir diimuutws
1604. TARGET
INTELLIGENCE
lb2
FMFM 2.1
. Sekcm the OdNttec.

. DetcnnuKs
upon
1607.
the
the umber of Y)*e

mquucd bad
pmb,bdities and damage level desrd.
SELECTION
TARGET
a. PERFORMANCE
CHARACTERISTICS.
Perfomunn
ch,mnmsha
of the enemy au defenw weapona m&du~
tbclr ruqe. nte of fit, and other techruul data.
b. LOCATION
AND IDENTIFICATION.
Lwhon
ud
&,tifiitiea
o, the .w deferme xupmu mcludbq the type
ad number of weapona in an area: wbcthcr respons am
INnuluy. ~tomatiully.
or radar contmued: and whether
weapons arc fucd of mobik.
e. PASSlVE CONSIDERATIONS.
luch Y terram. camouttqc. dwermon,
1610. SOURCES
Pawe
etc.
eonadentmns
OF INFORMATION
The mf.,rmation an enemy a,, defew

from whrch
mditln mt~ll&nce u based is aequucd by the iollowlng
Illem:
b. The opentiana scctmn wdl PI. tbe owmz.tton
ot
the stnke UNts. rendnvour paws. ud appmadl mtes to
the tam++.% The OpmtmM
sectIon mu not diit
the type
ot f.,,matiom
to be usd on the mtsion. but they wdl
excrclse certam coodbtatiw
to cth.1 the tqeta
UT ha it the proper time. tbst the different aubodirute
UN~J understand rho w ludii
tbc stnkc. md that Jl
ruts 0, a pmcti
type arc cmplavLrq nmdu trctlcs.
1608.
FLAK
INTELLIGENCE
Flak mtcllqcncc u that put 01 tachcal air mtcUrence

concerned wtb the colkctmn. cvahut~on. and diimrutmn
of intelliqence tegadmg the enemv gmtmd-to-w defenses. It
mduder the c&iliho
and ltmthho~
of spcafk enemv
uutaU~hons to defend @nst au attacks. Flak b dewed
imm the Gemtan tam for antiwaft
artd!ay and. z1
presently wed. ,nciudcs all enemy ground-toa
dcfenswe
werpona. This seetmn dii
the elements of flak
intelligenrr. soof mformation, and tbclr .ppliati.n.
16D9.
ELEMENTS
OF
FLAK
a. ,AER,AL IYACERY
One of tbc moat reliable
meti
of loutino: enemy ai defense wtallatmna
is
*rough the Interpretam
of cutTent aerul lnqwy.
In
addition te loatmg the guna and Mavle hunching mtes.
good tmqery pmrdes intomutton of the pmbablc fre
control svstem UC&. Current nmqery mterpretihon methods
are up&k
of detectq
and drffcrent,atmg between most
M,OI type, of weapons and frcdihes.
b. ELECTRONICS
RECONNAISSANCE.
Elecuonia
mco,maua,,ce (bv obtauuxq m,onnatmn 0 location, mnge,
and freq,,enc,a .,, enrmy radar equipment) u able to pronde
techrum, d.1. ~pp,imblc to the dcqt of etfectwe elecfmscs
countem~asures. See FVFM
23. S&wb
lnreflfgencel
Efectronie W%re
Opemhw
(U). for further de,&
of
rkctmw_a
RC-XIIIILSSU~CC.
INTELLIGENCE
inteUi,yncc
I to
The ultimate objective of tlak

pmnde
tbc air mmp0l~nt
with a~ accurate rppnisai of UIC cifcot,ve,,cs, of the enemy zq.,tmd.tour
defense means. Thu
163
FMFM 2-1
1611.
APPLICATION
OF FLAK
INTELLIGENCE
Flak bltdligena Y uauuy pcpucd I, the hiiet

air
mmponat
c&km of ontmudiatbeprticvluUU.
Effective t&k aoaiyaia dependa on wailable data v
chc NP and Iwtiorl of battle lntilirmR
ile&hom.
ezokvgy. Sm.& routine nd.s.,~ m,y be b&fed by a smyle

officer. Combat bmtii
are generally caductrd at the
group level ante tbla u the level in Mume aviatmn which
mmully hu svailabk atI pertinent intdtiience infonnat~on
pertunins to arqncd InuBoM. Thi# bneftblg u genenuy
attended by ali pattci~ating perxwnel. Lkpendii on the
number of Pdoota bwd*ed. old ntcbt leaden 0, tbw
oftiters
briefmta arc conducted to emwe they bwc the

blfomution twxied to execute their a@Jw.d mistas_ upon
c,,mpktien of tkc muion. pdou and 1~ debmfcd.
.%b dehicfuyl
supply vabubk infomuhon ,qding
the
uec*~~
of the mimw and itl effect won the enemy.
1613. CONDUm
OF BRIEFINGS
h&ala any Information mlding to the mub

mimon. mfomutioll reauwed bv the cdkctim
of the ssipd
dan of b!dux
c
FMFM 2.1
--.-
_
AND
WEATHER
17.2
FMFM 2.1
FMFM 2-l
-
-.
Fire
17-l.
Conuve
Beach.
t.
/----------mnauis
WAVES
/----------7
Fii
17.2. A Cmluve Sborelble.
17.5
2.1
--__
--__
U
-\
17-6
FMFM 2-l
/ -----______
/
___________
1
\
FMFM2-1
(e) Offshors Mad,. Shorelinea we often pm.

&ted by @oup of small &nda of wnoua srze whrch ke so
clou to the madand that they crute a complicated warn
of w&,wys
lmmediitely offsbore. ThL ,omuon presnts
dsriou, problems to both the .ttxker aad tbc defender. If the
defender orgudza most of the unportrnt indtndurl idands.
he Ia able to bfmg fue to hu on the attwker *mm many
dbectiom aa tbc rttackii
force attempta to thrud iu way
anto tbe mast of the mainland. Rauta of appmrch tbmwb
tbae Mllndl mto the muntand may be ,ortuolM .nd mane.
ted. The st,S+
power of M amphibiius rrsrult &add not
be diip,tcd
by the asavdt ot off&we ,s,.n& betorc the
laRdbIg on the man buehed of the ludmg area 15 commeneed. The &land, may be u&ted and ,eddue.d indeud by
rhtcb they MY otter the
,tt.dcer
,enes of farombble artillery powmu from x hieh to
support the landii as well w masks for the rvvmbly pasttionr of landii craft. Offshore lauds may be dtfficuh to
defend if (he ataker hu commsd of the ar .nd sea at the
tune .nd p&e of i.nding. (See t-&s.17.7 and 17-8.)
emxedve
mm,Wmgs.
after
(I) FIoren shorel. If the shorelme bordcn arctIe

or sub,rct,c xm or u swept by mid currents. ,,I) facucal confiit!a
u liable to altem.tion by freezmg of the adjacent
IoATalmm
F&e
I7.7. CaStal Ida&
in Poranon
of the Defender.
c
FMFM 24
Ii.9
FMFM 2-l
(3, Con&n,
and cover are d&r&k for both tbe
a.&
and the defenm. If troap .xn more fowud under
the concublunt of Woods. the chanced of *dtienng lurplse
are gTe.ar. If hoop can mow pmtnted from enemy rbw
by ditches. embukmenb,
or w& the attxk wdl be more
cffectwe. A dcfcndn seeks to defend behind an M whid,
ba mrer for (he defendii troop ad concc~nt
for thek
organnation of the gound. but dos not offer the cnem)r
ooCKd r~dleh
(4) The mobiity of the mntmand L COMdered m
detemtmmg av&bk
covet and cowedmen,.
Cover am!
~oneabneat are dearable dwmg tmop morement~ by any
means. Rautcr which afford good CoveI and
fomr to detectton .nd
to dc&uctton by fw.
educe
therulncnbility
ofI movmg
concc~nt
c. ORsrACLE3
(1) An obstacle YI any natural or araticid tetnm
fcatux which stop or unpedea mditary mowmat. Natural
obstade. indude riven.. stmams. can&, lakes. swamp. ddfs.
steep dopci dens woods, ~un$e%. deszb,
mountum.
aties. ud typm of tan&able roil. Artiticid obstaclea
are work, of ~orurmchon and destzwtton executed to stop
o, unpede m,bt,,y movement. They indude mmetield~.
mters. mtitmk ditcba. trendxs. abstts. roadbloc& dclibcc&y lloodcd ueu. ucu catted
with bxdoglcd
ud &rmal
agents. extensive rubbk. form fbw. tree
b,o,&m
cawed b, m&s
tii
ud aresa contamuuted
wtb widud nudes mdltion.
(2) ot&clcs, to be fully effective. mlut be covered
bv obsrmtio., asd fii. Howew, eve undefended obatwla
may ctwmdiz
an attacker ml0 cal~entratm~
wbieh are
easer to detect and arc smtable for nudea attack. Obstadw
-ndtada,
to a diction
of attwk favor the defender
by dowb,g the enemy. for@
hii into wncxnttiot
that tend to occur whde nobsudes. and hokiii
Ihe .ttadKer for a longer tune lmdn the effectiw fkw of the
d&n+. Ohuder
parallel to M axis of dnncc
may gwc
the attacker Rank pmtection. However. par&l obstaclea
may bltafere wb
latenl moemr,ttt and cootdbution
b bmed on the m&on of the command. Terrain funtm

selected are tbcde wbicb in our conkol giu UI . muked
ad**
in the acLvmplisbment of our minton. or which
If seized or contmlkd by the e-,,
hinda matldlY the
accomplishment of the mimon For exampk. a bnda over
an lmfo&ble rtvef may gI*c aceam to the oppc-dte dwe
without mquiring ul aad,
m+ng.
cofltml of * mad or
cad center may redvet the encmyc ability to resat our
ad.,na.
A levd de.mtg in rough ta,.bt m, be the oh
.wsabk
Ming field for &mobile opnttona Kq krmm
arten with the level of command. For nunpk.
to tbc MAF
commmder. L *ae town may afford muked nlvant4a aa
a communrution center. but to . battalion eammuda. the
htgb ground which domutatea ttu town MI be mow unportmt. and tie tom itself may be an obsade. Ob8tadea arc
rarely key termbt futurea. Tbe b& gmurd dommatma a
river.. rather tbut the river ttsdf. t uwdly the key tenam
feature for tbe lower Iad, wmmuldn.
(2) Key terrun. in uldition to kttluencing the mu&n

acmmphzhment, b ddo bigkly cigntfieau in appiybtg combat
porn. Conh.,l b not enawed only by r&we .ttd occuprhon.
seizure aad phrstul oaucanq
it key
futurea bv
r&ively
large forea may not be fusible. Dcmnlcuvc fka
d&wed by longange mea,. un destroy for-a phvsdly
armpytq key tetnm. Tite comma&, control key tand woids demuction of bb fotcu wkile keepmg the enemy
from g,ining oontrol. 6mrol
indudea m.neuver. auwdlance. security. ud employment of effective TJCS.Tecmin
which permit, o, denies -wer
m.y be key temin.
T.etiul
use of terrain often ia directed
capabiity for applying e0mb.t pow% ud at the same time
focuang the enemy blm LFQl which read, in reduction of
his J&q to apply hts tvmbat power. Temm which wnmts
01 denta maneuver nuy be key temb. The effect of tcrfam
0 rnanever. application of WInbat powxr. 2nd pahon
of force integrity are eonaidnations in aelecting key temm.
Its control. and tactical us.
tenam
.t itlauawme
d. KEY TERRAIN FEATURES
17.10
c
FMFM
(4,
wthin
the defenre. key trmin
futurea
2.1
are uaully
tbc a8mgc.dsector md within or behind the selected
dcferuive ,m.. These futurea are wmdly:
(b) Temi
which penutr
the defender to corn
UI obetade by fut.
(c) Importmt
oommutuutlon
atfeet cammud.
cmnmwucattons.
c. AVENUES
OF APPROACH
(1)
ud
cudm
which
the we of -es.
Crovnd Aucnvu ofApproach
(b)
v4q
appmwb
giver
the
dra
fom
some eovu from enemy dbvct fne and some concal-
mmt
from cnmty oboenation.
the tloomrof the alley,
dopa
A v&y
ppQKh
of the &es,
ud
btdudts
mdiy
2-I
Fii
173. A Topcswhtc
17.12
FMFM 2.1
Fii
17.12. An Aerul Photwwb
TM Hu Ree Rid&
aad Stmm Lb14
17.13
e
(c,
~eeompliskd
modtfic.tton
of layer.tmtiw
by uung the same color s&me.
stzily the contotn bttes onlv.
Thu
m.y
but cmpha-
method is qluckcl
but
no, as rtectfe
17.15
c
FMFM 2.1
Fii
17-18. Same Termi
aa m Fiwe
174. Now Altered
FMFM 2.1
tmtte~vc~
,a provtdd. ad.
mom
sarbequcnt adnncr
Pmttthns
i lkbdy
equtpped force to xiac
ftomtbebcxhcabem&Lattydii.Can-
abtam tacttcal rurpnr.
vcncly.
benptdlyxkedaduaedtopmtecttbekdb3gof
Utc c.astaJ pkm
Attdkty.
NJ
hbldemi
guntut.
hu
attd sttal
bomba&xnt
by the lack 01 prommen, te@md.m
bamdartn
ad
mtmd:
md
the zxtlvlte.ttce
tot
sma wt,.
vtzed
tern-ca
ryncks
tbev
wdl bwc
-mu.
hu
In
uuully
of c.xttinw
Altb&t
m,&
it k &a
diffkadt
dcfmdve
may offer excaUctlt oppothmitk8
temm.adlotetmopowdlbet?qlvcdfwtbe
e4ptetbomc
pmtectlon of the tti.
ment of tbe defudcri
tbul bmdetttta the upabdity
to adwa
&ervati.x
e,tamely
of Le
m0unt.b~
yt
far the defmdcr
tosupportbkpIttioNbtstdt-ntktyptetnttl
w, not be located 011 4
of the cntbx iom
the motmtabM are rpuated
by smtly twmg cmtttui. the defender
dtffictdt to attwIt.
rcgwdtotlatgI.xmd*tbttbstlMbaoftbc~dlhcd
when
the .dnntw
mus.
scorn--
anuidmtion
rmy
kttduyuuut~tilheudriveotttoftbem.,,mtai
ts wooded.
diftictdty
Arntba
tetnicl.
fmm the bcsb
of dwectmt may be
If UK ~uttd
It ad
t-
them.btforaovetbc.che.rbkbuec.,rctedbytbk
an.
pmtB:
ob,ccttvcs sc dtfticult to locate o the
difficult
plidlbq
certattt dimdntttqe~.
ALo. domttutittg
The
ttdmd rwtdly.
a.&er
kndi#
01 aim truswtcd
for tbc UT of beli-
fotcer t., block mve.
to tbe Mbtg
are..
may be able to achkve sttrpmc
vltexpctedly
on a rat&ted
a taptd movettxnt
wet
xcu.-w
utd tvuka
tbc purs
bv
beach Md mauc
the ~tttnl
ternin
of qger
bmxt
by
by tbc UK of
helicopterbome or air txuapotied
facea.
Teme,.
abaq coasta which
Tcmciw
is common
bare Wc
from
The tactxal
aspects of tbae
Iat&
pat
the sea rt
itttetmaettt
fomvtiw
inter&.
ndI depend
the w/a Lrd stnpttem of the cliff..
the escarpments ate butters

thsu smtmtb
to alI iygu
must be ncutmJkul
mptcrbome
ai? trup&cd
temamt# urtdt
form
If
of troop.
01 wzed
by hcb-
wit&
the
tmow tore ktenJly to a pceeabble
pxt.If.uumoreoftentbecue,tJtetkamDyh
sttmtotmted by infawn.
effeeme.
if
the
frontal amuit
atack
suppottbtg wupo#
koop
neutmbze deemtve poatwn

the I-,~
Broken C-d.
Y UI tbe but
pktcau.
wbctc the v%wnd Ia ehatp4y btdtm.

ot exte~ve
the attrdter
freedom tmm ho&e
wd
ha.
obsrv~tw.
Aho.
weftd
defenavc ttru.
However. the defender

lo4
front wbtcb to slow the Itoll

had.
Gircctton
attd
mntml
prtot
temmi
eslmr#
rytux
of the
but
tbe comdtlm
6ckut.s
to
to
.lo,q
of utch rue,
the lu-
-tkl
the
in the f.cea ml
me mtrd
pkN&
tires mm
mxrplet&
a nena 01
mtall compattmenta md corndots littt the extent oi

an mf-bute sewa ot du.Uov.
will flcibtate
wpp3rhg
wtul
uvtdt,
lay be It&
of the chffs. llte deftthve
fomutlon
dunes M L low coastal
the rdvmtqe
may be tan
by frontal
of &atdt
the
of
of the
pmemtton
of
ccast.
pmvidcd ntb
dckyu$
may
(b) Compomnan~aon.
p~~ttanr
aazute of the bacbbe cmmnly
Dodd
unit
on YI
bachhead
difficult.
TIaet&f
beak down into a eotttputmentltiocl

mditiul
on defuuibk
beach to utablbh
of the &
wbicb pemtttr I
ita om
limited
ground in a anull retnut mmput-
tent. It sbmdd be pomble to untte ltui expand these Ibutted

co&d
ditwly
uounsw
wbete
upon the se.. the kck of buehu
sue to ac.wlmdatc
a large fota
rej-xtto of an othmg
cm.
moMUUU
thcte at.2 atcttMiut~
twolch
of wfticknt
may rqum
dewable k&w
M.
berdtbcdda 0, lapult
tctnm
the
fc)Rou&aof&a~
How-
witkb may twos lmtdt
Ahdiqmnrhovldbe
choemwhtch&wtJteforcetmkblgthekndiBg.or.rub-
tmops. Steep ground try be my lightly defended ot
vqwnt
eve e&eted
be tqttted
entwely by the defmder. tbll.
troopa into Mtcceamvdy kt@t
cmnputmmtsutiltbebeuhbudkocnrpiad.
force. to mow out Of the uu.

to drlnec
&rot&
Tbe fora
cattt&untivety
ehould at
tmpwabk
17.19
FMFM 2-1
covered mutesof admnce.

Tcmm affcnng manmum pmtecaan
fucs. both nudur and nonnudea,.
ObwwM
from enemy
pants.
Swtabk conditiona for the landing md operationa of

hcbcopterbome forca and tbelr early b&up with
WIfxY forces.
War* of Ma,,. Work, d mar, are not rvturd obatrde,. but the effect of buildii
se. walk, pwm.
fences. duns. and.. d&u. and other co~truchon c1
Lb.t of M ok&de. whetba 01 not they bxve been
intentionally comtructed for defenwe
puwoses.
Also. obsudu may ,ppar in the form of obemtctions
ud rubble created by the premvnton bombudment.
Nudea
weapon detonated just offshore fmm a
IMdii buch. or in the b&tom8 Of shdlow bubom
M nren may produce I alter with a bp which wdl be
1~ obstade to runyhon.
Even if the lip ~teelf is not
a,, obsmde, the intc~e radfftion pmduced in the
pmbably would be
an obstadc. at lcut for a few days.
watuand.
onadjoii land
arms.
Temm mutable for logrstie opentmns.

(d) Obrder
&end.
The tctnm of the knding area should pernut
t rapbi nlwcnunt of the iNt*l YaYc* ml& to COnI.
madii
ternin. N*turd obatadu are e1tber utdiwd
to the advantage of the atacker. modifti
in their
Nmrd form. 01 rroded. If a .Cl. lake. swamp. or
Lagoon can be ublked to proted a flank of the
attarkbtg force. it should be exploited to the grutedt
pwibk
advantage. Siiy.
an obet.ck m,y &
included m the force bachhad
fine. tbw eltmuuting
the mcaslty of actually ocepymg the grolmd. (Sac
fw. 17.19.) Thu. . beach M which might otherwise
be wceptable will be uneat&actosy if it k baded by
lutunl tcmfn oks-tsckd such LI riven. lakes, or
n.mpn Smc+ detailed knmvkdge of the terrafa in.
landii opntian
ia mucb Lbmted than in land
warfare. edPeciauY mnammg
the anuua unib,
PutievLr attention Ia given to all natural ohada
Cmwd aa OII Obrrocb. Soil tnfffcabil~iy u the

ability of sad to support mditaty InffiC of a given
de&y. Thii tiffubd~ty
vana wtb sod compostion
and wettbcr CondItiona (See Fii. 17.20.) wbm the
wutber 16 dry. most dry mda wdl suPPat mditw
tmftic_ Horcw. when the wather I wet, certain sods
became Impssable
to milftw
kaftic and thus.
m,,st,tute an &&de. Fturhea are often dunctened
bywmetypofsud.WhmthewdkIowc.buvg
~&de4 ud equpment are moved through it tib
great difftctdty.The sand an dao be an obstadc in
other ways; i.e.. in uu3iq repeated mdfUnCttOlu
& StoppageI Of .tomatx IvcaPona when the uaul
offshore wmd rpruds it duougb the meduninu
of
such *upon& In pkmlfng an opemtmn. tnftiabdihl
durtscmkprepadfwthekndingua.Tht&
charta indicate the magnihde of an obsucle the Sod
,tldf wdl FoMtitutc to mditw
tnfRe w&da set
wathn
caditions. Soil tnfficabiity mf0mutic.n u
17.20
FMFM 2.1
Fii
17.20.
Gmd
Its&
Be .n Obaade
17-21
FMFY 2.1
IiS!aDomATE
Auwmlm
TO
oooo.
vm
DlmmllT.
MLwuTllEn
17.22
FMFH
2.1
FMFM 2-l
mnforammts.
wnt-mmy be ahk .h to
enfdade the ada of these sm.U pomontones 01
pamtr If the sdknt k &
psliwda or pmmo,
tory. the glmfve upport dup lgwltr enjoy freedom
of utton It su and can take poattom *a rtie
*t
both sides of the aalknt and thus provide dor
support by aeepq
the fmnt of the dranq
amudt troop Huv cooctmtmN of enemy forced
and mrtenal on krge pelvrwlu M p-ntoria
may be dealt wttb effectively by the cmpkymen,
of nuclear rmmttto~ fvtd by Suncvc support rhip.
.
-ThrNtureofibetmunntbin~Lndinquu
affecta employment of an support. In pktmmg 841
employment. I, I neaswtom&c.8hdyafthe
nd$e system. If then Y L &es of tidga which nut
more 0s kt4 papali&
to the dhectmn Of .ttxk.
the mmmamier may plan to ublk4 dose support
urmtt mtb manmum cffectivenca, in the neutxd.
iumn of enemy powtom on mm
sbpa by the
emplorment ot m&n
and nonnudur ord~uncc.
However. If the ridge syrtem Is a scna of r!dga
nw~ or les parnIle to the direction of an.&. the
employment of dose suppwt limrft may be somerbat m.utcteA. In the ktter euc. the dimcnon of
lircnrt awra-h
to the targa may be Limited to.
nm strught toward or direstly way from the front.
and the rffcalveneas oi the In VJppart H reduced
further by the intmdetmn Of certain safety lequim
mata for both nudar ud n0mtude.r re.pom.
- 4ltbowb c&am tfuhua

may completdy
resktet the employment of naval gutBe, thee nmc
fwurea may Impose M sxb limwton on the uw
of dae UT support. Thesefore. depending on the
number of aircraft waikbk. the cnmmandaanuk
air rupport. not only to wppkment NVJ glmfve,
but for kwta
which ue bucwsibk
to nw.l
guntii. very rnountiMu9 termIn and a low ceding
My rcsllt in egli@bk .#I opentiol& e*etl thwgb
other mndittona may be aubbk
for k&i
wentions
Ffdd
Ones .dw,,e.
pmblmu kddcnt
to the nnpkvmont of &Id u$lkry am denttoll to
tbae of mnvcrdiolui
M
vufue.
Horem.
UI
planldw the ucly entpkymmt of f& utilkry. the
commudrr #.a c.reful c.,nidemtton to the fermbitin of PLdq artdkry on o&y& w.km% where ,t
011 be loated Y) to be athin effeetwe nngc of
the kndbtg area. The utubrtion of adjacent s&o& for
thk purpaa k cspwiauy important w&l 1 ,tudy of
tkc temtn within the kwikg area indiatea that
cwdition there atx unfwombk for the early empkcemalt of fii utilkry.
Tank Suppaf. Tanin ia I tn.jot limiting factor m
ti
wufuc and only thm@ . pop, evdutkn of
tbeteminun.
mmmwin
determmc when and how
best to employ hk t&s_ Good I&
bucbea
b&cd by fatdy opm ,e,,sb, .nd ch.r.ctmzed by
I*@ +
et gcti nsbw wound. shovld ptscnt
no diffmdty to the employment of tanks. Such a
situuton offer8 unlimited pmmbilsti for the effectwe
empbwnent
of medwdxd
urmbbsd arma task
faczd and dmldd be UFdLwed to the utmost.
Eflect of Ted
on ti Empt,yment of Hdfmpw.
home foren. FM the general effects of termin on
hdiaptabome
forces. see FMFM 33. Heffcopter.
bomeowmtfmu
Obadea Te,mim fe.Ma

rbkh do nat bmda the
&mae of the mtmdck# troop may prwe to k
ob&da to lo&tic support. Fn example. bridgea ud
defii
are mm@ing pants which pmvide lumhve
tqw
to enemy aiz and utilkry. Canvemdy.obstades
17.21
c
Ulten tbc temm I anrlyzed wtth respee, to the

rstabkhment of * bacbhud.
II Is ccct-it to
dctermux ulc maor compsttment of ca.rul taxam
*btcb-i most wtcd to the az.a 01 the _ult
urn,.
fderllv. a mqor compwtmcnt should closelv appmrmute tbc r&t
uze. but tf tbr gmnd
is very broken.
I, mm be Mto m&de
urd gmup tqthcr
wwml mmpubncnt.,
On tbc other hand. the torcc
ma)r k too small for the temm forma m the locrl,ty
and thlll mu k myred
to llcd wltb 0C t1ank open.
the
17-22.17-23. and 17.24.)
its.
17.25
MFM
2.1
I
Fi
17.33. In Certain Typr of Temm, the Miw

Foroc May Not
a9 Abk to OccFq AU of the D.xmNnt Computmentr
17.36
FMFM 7.4
(4) .%*shon
Aft... m c.altuhm of the vboreline and ,ts
related CoMtd le..&
lmi afta a c0Mdcntl.m of tb.x
beacbu w&h ,ve vekted to the kndii
fom objectwe ,Od
meet the navrl e.mvidentmns wotved. spenfie beach., ax
vlccted which best suit the kwiii
force wbenw uf
maneuver. The rkcmn
k b.sed upon, mawxkmuon o, the
uvud knd wrfvc temm futovc obwvation. Ii&. of fit,
cow.andmn&cnt. ohdu. ad c.ammuNatlorY.

An
c.dutuul mustbe madeof bagutx rquucmenu With
rape.3 to the dwactenha
et .ul.nn h~dwa. The hrh
mwt &a. a rapd mo.emet ot arpplia acrov. at. md then
sboukl be uessbk adjacent are.. for the adeqlvte drspmd
of supplQ and equpmeat wbxh accumtdate dunn$ the
udcadii
of wudt
fhipplnk To mthe speed of
udoadmg opmtioa& it I deumbk that be&a
lure a
gal* to modrnb undcn..ter grmiknt ad . havd surface
whkhpnmItrthcbu~ofautypmotluldtng.hihipmd
watt adftidently dor to tbe .ho.elbw to pevmat dry and
mptd debarkatmn acd movement mknd of tmops. vohkla,
eqrpment. and suppbes. Such be&es do not reqwc tunespend beach v.xd vu.taq
to acmmmodate
wbcckd and tnckcd .dud.s, a&kzy, and heavy eqrpmsnt.
Ternin fva,,rev whih ,re detiiled from ,cavud ad wh,eh
may bc utdked by the defender to cnrd.de the Ming beach
ami ,ts appowbca vhould WI& hunly in the xkctmn ot
ludlcg be&es
(b) lbe rumbe. of buchrr veqwed for an
opemtion depend. upon the ace of he Wxluw
force .nd
dKxbsmcofmuwu.c..A~aruwitbnumemu
autvbk bu..ha
k punculuty
demnbk a.3 pmmt. the
ata&. to wbkve dii~
umly.
(C) nm buohcl aeketed dwuld poeur not
only vmtabk rod Md sbdf gmdknt. and ap.biutKI for
dcvrhwnmt
of s.a+u&w
fuditka, but h&d
vko
have udftcicat CUD for vddck. fvom Lbe bexhu. smu
abomwtydum~mwthudmdtopveventamsc.s~oa
the bacbu. the buda exik and tmftiabtlity avc of vital
Mportwt.
17.27
FMFM 2-1
1704.HYDROGRAPHY
(4) llle mmpmiticn of the belch r&ted

itaintluenceoathebewhbgudretmctingofWb%g
craft and tifkability
for pemmmd and vehicles
to
(6) The loumn

of lvtumi obstader Y related
totbelrmaumaontbebadliiorlaluib#mftMd
tbe dabukiq of pmonncl ud equipment.
d. SOURCES OF ENERGY WHICH ACT UPON

BEACH. The aowes of eneay rbicb ati dii
upon
thebe&anditsviardtyarewmda,wwa,udeumnu.
Tbw.
fnrtl are LvMuntly
uyblg in iotcmity and
dbeukm and are reaponsiMe for tbc mobik cburcter of
the beach ~Kle. An erpaed be& will dunge ausondly
,m, nth cl&, were atom,, dtholyh ,,I nearly erery cse
it WIU revert to Itl nmm. The effect of ewqy components
will be mnddered in same detad &we a ndemunding
of their *alon is a cwsuy rcquuite to beach blterpretatial.
c. HYDROGRAPHK
FACTOR5
IN
THE
SELECTION OF A LANDING
AREA. In planrungan
amphibksn opmeon. the prmcipd pmblenu dependent
upon hydrqnphic facton UC:
e. IDEAL BEACH FOR AMPHIBIOUS LANDING. A

bead, with no ohrmetioru or defema vlwnd or landrud;mtbdcep*Rtndaetoshorr;rith.firmbdMt
mck bottom: mm mbdmum tie. clnrcnt. or surf: ntb
gmdimtwhi&wiupwaittbebuchiJqandntnctlon
of d typa of M@
craft and ddpn under a3 mnditiona
of btd at any d&cd tbne. md not cxtive
for the usz
of *chid-; with excellent tntficability; and with adequate
exiu for pcmmmd and *chider would be an ldul beuh.
(See Bg. 17.25)
f. HYDROCRAPHIC
CONDfTlONS WHICH
CASUALTIBS TO LANDING CRAFT
CAUSE
1738
PMPM 2-l
,._
._1
C.
_-
=- .-. _.
_. _
;..&Li--._.
.--
---:_.
____-
-.
z>*--.
_.---IIU
._..
Tbc dumcter
---e--m
;;y
of the breakers. he&.
--_..*y--.
>--. -
,._
.,
_.
-Cm....--.-.--_
..--z._y.e.~~.ry--.-y~,.
..,__
-a
_r.;._.&.
I._
and
prod.
g, SOURCLS
OF HYDROGRAPHIC
(1) Sourrc. Amikbk.
Sama
LNFORMATION
of hydrogmptuc urlor-
IlUtionUZ:
FMFV
2-l
c
FMFM 2.1
(b) Cycloid&
The
waes may spmq UP qwkly
VI
more
een
choppy
f&y
or nclmdal
modmte
brenc
and break euJy at the crest. They NR cloa togctbet. tend to

bounce
L boat
m *II
steerw
dlfticult.
If they ut taken on the beam. they m.y be
dmqemus.
rspc&y
immmfortablc
to ban
faehtoh
and m&e
that UC not decked oer.
i UNDERWATER GRADIENT
(1) &wml
(b) The falkwbcg gmdknt scale, developsI by

tbebudtemwJnbwi.rssmnduduithmuly~c.ua
widdl UC c.xwmcd with hydmgapby:
. . . . . . , . . . , .w.mIhan
steep.
1:15.
Madenb. . . . . . . . . . _I:15 to 1:30.
Gentle . . . . . . . . . . . .l:3oto1.60.
Mild . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:60t01:120.
steep..
. . . . . . . . . . .v
bkdmte.
........ w
cede. . . . . . . . . . . x
t.mi..............Y
fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . z
cc&.
Miid.
..........
............
Flat.............
.l:31to1:60
.l:61 to 1:120
.Fktterthul1:120
1732
FMFM 2-l
through
thebow. However. thisdoe.
land on .ny
(a) Charts. The
mldom be obtamed directly from bydrognphtc
gradient M
dwts.
Howcvcr,
nrngat~antl
offshore
sadicnts
suftiinent
purposes can be obtrmed
gadrdlent may
be of
asatan=
for
ma
and the oifthom
mmputmg
ncamhore
buda.
flltly
t%t beach until it is atoppal
w.tn
from where the troops wde
a differmt
not mc,n th,t they can
An LCVP m.y be able to run m on a

In about 1 to 2 feet 01
as!n-e. An L.5T pmpu
The ship baa I keel dope of about
pmbkm.
I:60 and a beach gradient of that ntm or steeper 16tequued

to buch tt.
gradient.
(b) Sterwc+e.
The diffcnnec
Slondwd .&&I
ho
pomu
Canem.
,a dstetmlned
by measnms the dtffercnce in p.nU.x

tbe Image 0 m oerLppq
pail of photogtphs
tt-~-fJ~
ktween
Tbu
f/a
m depth bemcsn
method
campwgmpb
rqulrts
mtetpretcm
methods. mnspuwt
bllned
stereo.
water. undiitwbed
by
nveU ot Iat@ wwcs. but with surtact tuftled by wind tippia

and tcccwuablc
leeuncy
bottom
fcatuta.
Under ideal conditmns.
can be obtamed to wtbbt

(c) r%toima?ery
r&tionsb,p
pbu ot mtmu 1 foot.
Itupret.tf0
waou.
eusta between w.c fen@,. elonty,
of water; the dutrncc
betreen
v,u,
and depth
,da,,cmg ,,a,
ehaU.,w
(4
Stmp
gouts pangmphr.
fJmiertm,tn
tt may rpplr
the mare favombfe the buch.
Clodlent.
From the fore-
that the steeper the gradient.

This u ttue for touchmq down.
water becoma smlilcr nmi the spwd deercrscs. This change
but there ate other
u mawtable
rgwmdtng takea pirce at the bow, the steepr
pataIM
on photagmpbs. Waves tend to +n
to the contow.
themselves
depth. may be appmxbtmted from
less fwxable
the chatwe m angle of the w.es to tbc shoreline. Under &.I
whetwet
condmons, depths detetmmtd from wae e,oc,t,ea.nd
surf is hewy. or whenever stlong
lengths wdl be accurate to vltbii

from
nleuurrmenrs
of
w*e
ware
3 feet. Depths obtabwd
iengtba ill
be dlghti
less
rccunte.
tactrxs.
Although
the
the gndient.
the less the abipi bottom is tn cantact wtb the beach Thu.
there is . ctrent
along the bath.

ctossnnds
vhenercr
the
head on to the
beach. the ship will broach. Holding lines may be placed on

the beach and engittca may be kept gomg. but unlesl con.
ditfons are f~*onMe,
it wdI be necessary for ship and watt
to retract Md wait until conditlont are better.

(d) fhotofmwry
The edge01 the
btetprelotwn
of W~,.rliru.
water
eatsbli slllpptortmate
Thcrcrorc. ,f the tune of pbatoc,aphy
cotour.
u known. tbe clev~tmn
01 this contour to the local datum may be taleuiated tram

trde trbla
A vnes
of swt,u
stages wd, pro&
mformanon
area between huh
sd
conducted
at arymq tide
for contounnq
low ttde levels. *here
of the bad,
tidal range
(a) InJlon
Underlmur
Topanmphy. The ,mpor-
tannceof beach dopa to the surf bm bes m 1,s ctfeet on the

4th
of the wtf
zone. The breaker Ime. whrch represents
the seaw.td bmdn
of the surt zone. it found where the
cweeda 6 to 8 teet. an xccuney of ? feet or les, can be
depth to the bottom
obtamcd.
bteaket he&t.
equala about 1.3 uma
Thus. wttb (-foot
the sgmfiernt
breakers. the breaker lute
u located whete tbe depth of the bottom it about 8 feet,

rrgvdlcss cd beach dope. Off a cry steep beach xub a dope
of 1:lO. the btuket
bne for 6.foot
breskers ui only about
80 fee, from me ehotclyK: wherea,
otf a tlat belch wltb a
slope of 1:50. the btaket

thotdbtc.
Off a wty
foam inale
n&w
wltb gat
I
employed
u1 ampbtbiova
shape. WC@.
opmtionr
sty
lnddy
and purpose. They bare one tbbtg ,,I mmmon:
they hre been dengned wttb emtam spenfic

pmut
m aite.
them to run up on a beach ad
diiw,c
tr,tures
to
tbeu load
steep bueh,
the b&r
*idmtly
up
line k about 400 feet from the

then may be no lmes 01
line. and after brukmg.
theshote
fact
force.
Off P flat bewb, *em
Unea of ad-
foam khveen
cash wae
and hits any badted

Ill
the btuker
cntt
numerou
bne ad
the
ahwelim: the energy of tbe wwct wdl be cxpcndcd dunnS

the alvlnrr
tbtoaqb the ,utf tone. and tbete wdl be only a
gentle upnrh .nd b&tush
on the beach.
1733
FMFM 21
e
with of anf axle.
w.ve length.
Period of breakers.
Hei& of breakers.
Type of breakem.
An& .t tich ,mf strikes be&.
Numbcroflinaofbrmkem.
1734
FMFM 2.1
17.35
FMFM 2-1
Fii
17.27. ~&mm showing How WavesSwing Twether

ave. 1 n&t.
FMFM 2.1
Fii
17.29. 1730.
and 17.31 are examples
of the throc ECIIUII typed of bmakem.

(6) Rei&m.kip
Brwkiw.
vster
but
buk
Wwo
Belumn
of modente
advancmg
oe
Lkp;h
aad
steepness.
&xl&
when they reach the pomt whnc
mole dun
ate.
re-
In shallow
constant. but the speed ami ,e,,&
and the form of tbc wwc b.
Neu
the spsd
depends upon depth alone, uul
depth M
be computed if the wave period an
mmed. Fmm
bc dctctmwd.
dais. the he&
under different condamlu of wmd, e.

(7) Speedof Bmkwr
of a bmlker
Mootb&e
be deter.
llle
apeed
eonndembly
cutrent.
ol
belkcr
Since the depth 01
to the hc&er h&t.
depends on ,h he&
can
of the brrakker
M
ud
depend upon the depth of bm&mg.

u daecdy r&ted
shore.
therefore. the
of the aeragc b&e
The ntm b&wccn the he@
and the depth of water whew tt bm&
bmkinq
of
tbc depth ,a ,,o
1.3 tbnw Y cm.* .a tbcu own h&t.
the pnod
dcatvc
Height
gmented
mdeep
bottom m cab,, wertber.
onlv. for
the a@
example. a
advances at 9.3 knots. (See ftg. 1732.)
1737
..
----
, _.~<
,_ - - -.
FMFM 2.1
FMFM 2-1
(b) Hi& tide. or b&b water. ia tbc mubnum

heiit reached by the twin3 tide. Low tide, or low w.ter. is
the mb,baw height readted by the f,lGng tide. Tlw differcnec khvcen the level of wee, at hff tide and the led of
w.,er a, low tie known Y the tuqle of tide. Tbe
pznod of tide is the intervd of tmx from bw tide to tbc
foUowm3 low Me. 01 from b&b Ude to the next Id& tide.
Tbuc inti
nomuoy average 12 houm ud 25 minute&
Abouteverf2week4lvbaLtbcmowi6Mo?flln.the
bigbed b&h w*tcn wad the lowest low ,,a8 -.
calwin
.ntmuadiyly~oftide.~dUryth(.timeue
knownaaapHn3t&l.WhentbemoonbbltlvJiktor
th&dquute?:theM3e0ftidewinbelwudly5ulLT!d~
durm3 tbb time arc known aa nup ttdcs.
(2) In/-tioa
Reqdmdfa AmphibhOpsmtionr.
la al+libii
0pemtioM. kt ia llccumy to know the tima
ofb~udfowtideuultben*yeoftlde.~~arremn
beatwe the rta3e of tide affect. the w&b of the be&
and, tbucby. tbc type of surf. depth of w&s orerardbua
Mid reef& effuti?ena
of Imd-t~
obstacles. slnndii
oflandbl3mft.wtdtbofexpoadbelcbtotn*en.Md
the lx+mwimtr
for lpead
ruvd 3uz to tcditate
dcbulution
(a) flat Undenmra

Cradienl. Tbe tide level
mtb reference to the hrcb gndient and its intluence on
landing a-aft is of ntd importance. When I nltively lar3e
uds nqe occur9 on . gently dora@ be&l. the flow of
water or the spud w:th wbieh it riaw 01 descends on the
beldlmayhnpidcnougbtoatnltdludingmfton~dq
bottom before they are dde to retmet. unks tlda pomibilitr
t aladated. 1 uitial
numba of luuiblg mft may be
rendered bIopentNe until the next MC of tide.
(4) E/W
01 Undem&r
Obrsc*r
tdamay
be
(8) A imx&
.t h&h
derinbk m
order to evetba dkadvanqa
of L gentle &at.
but the defender often may place obst.da whids .re more
effective at hi& tie. Altbow#l the pbymul ludbl3 of
pemmwl and equipment b mo,e diintlt
at low tide on a
sentas beach, undenvaer obsmde, twudly yc redtad mom
easily tt low w.ta when they UC erpord. If the beach I
wide Md 3entle. the relative merit8 of landing .t b&h or low
w,te? must be mmpual. Md the bnud of pomiblc underwxter ob&ada muat be bdanced ag.but the b.urd of
uos?m3 111expomd beach. Tbueforc. on0 of tbc important
CQnwdentmar b the poi&iml of the w,tedirw with reference
to be.& underw~ta obd.du
st vwtu stagea of the tide.
(b) With respect to the be&in3 of waft ccrtatn
hydro3raphic conditioru m.y be quite diiuent bter bemuse
oft~intidrs~or~dawhishmtybcaoucd
SueeMfIdly at b&h water may be bartim *t low w.ta,
day-by&y cbuacterktica of tide 011L &en be& vary. the

rlnge of tide. period of tide, and time of spat3 or UP tide
are d cam&red in the aelectiw of the day mcd time w+ich
prtsent the moat r*vombfe c.mditiont for llndblg.
1746
c
FMFM 2.1
F@,e 1733. Effect of Tide on Width of Surf Zone. (At hi& ode, the beach has the character of a
steep bash wttb I -w
zone. whera, I* low hde. rt rppun aa. flat haoh ntb 1 wide *ti 7.oOC.)
1741
QMQM2-l
FMFhl 2.1
FMFM 2-l
they form tbc bud
stru~turc commonly du.x,bed
When the linng coral dlea. the skeleton nmw

01.1 a mef may be alwe
or dud.
axuetutc shows no coral wuct~ed

largely
of
broken
complete +&tons;
then
wh,ch
fmgmena
wth
qmenta:
.w,me hqe.
have been gmund
into
lime to form rcefmck.
reefs have cettam fe.,wn
dmoa
pecldiu
in common.
cod
sand. These
become cemented
Altbowb
cadt reef
to rtself. nearly au
From
these baste
rctfs may be dinded into general types:

.
(b)
arc Ionned
Fringingrecb.
B.mer reefs.
AtoUmh.
As&
tmm
fmm coml nefs. there are reefs whub

bata which
pmccsn of lithuicanon.
have undego~
a pewbar
and there are reefs which arc fomtcd
from the pliftmg 01 tbc v&d

od
the reef
some crushed into small picas: and still
hare some chmetenatlcd
fututcr.
Often.
us place but is composed
!argc mnd mull. and w)me and.
to&et
My
coral
u conl.
studbw.
or lowermg Of the sn level
be&.
FMFM 2.1
c
PMFM Z-1
e.. NAVAL CONSIDERATIONS

LANDING AREA
IN SELECTION OF
(1) Gneml. Fmm the naval pant of new. it h

daimblc tJut the luding arca have artatn chamctemticd
in the offsbote ares. Tbesz dunctcn*cd
are:
FMFM 2.1
tin
to
for the
on st.tlm
they mlmt ap&

#tattoned
for
opntom. To
kndbtg
in the o&r
(he kndii.
end.n&er sbipply,
Rock&
and Jtbougb
wLl not in tbemvlvn
in wbkh
reef& and rho&
catut damage. they M
throw ship
and thus came tbcm to run qxvmd
mtb
veack.
render
In addition.
of the eamnc
powon
plot.
(3)
holdw
or c&de
tide npa and cutten@ un
E+rtabl areaa lmdainble
huur
can
the tide rips and aIlreb
off co,,rs
otbu
do this.
they will be
for
difficulty
fur
support
m muntaining
coed
Holdfw
3rwmd
in Tmwwr
CIowd
fwditata
the sbip.to.bore
to Mint&
a fned
poa&m.
Area
would rquuc
dlaprml
that *iup
of bldivldlul
may EI~
v1 &kions.
lwe
by
An anchorage
nde to an .xce.wcly
sewal sbipa to drq
Wind baa a nohcabk
I krgc cxposd hall arc. m ho

the hoMing sotmd
or
long
cl!=& ud
mchomgcs. * modurtely
the LST. L-SD. LPA. LHA. xd

the bate,
7lw
puncldu
bazd
condition
time and pka
ud metcomlq*ll
b. WEATHER
Good
marnmnt
smpeofchun.vhichmunrrwrykrsawin@ng
b-
of the aBloc
vi*
K&
to the
mndi*M.
tack
I concct
area which hm a bottom eompoacd of siit. loose aud.
w&r
rt
tnnpmtlm
CONSlDERATlONS
IN
AMPHIBIOUS
OPERATIONS
rllowmg ship
oxal
Wsatha.
(2)
pbcrt
an&or
be&
fbus resdtq
rul effect on ship
that
to theu wetght. such a
LKA. The deeper the water.

must be. In b&on
of 90
(1)
By llworpMtln3
the wc8tbu
fador
into
the
stnt~a,,dkcdaofknd.,u.ud.irfo,wb,uwwhere
thCWUtbU~ybedcciirc,MU&iblou.~ldtUUbc
de&e&
wtb
Mtmd
effi&ncyar.dmlnimumlouaf
TIN *arauI
facto
of werther
muimvm
and pmoMel.
affect each component of the unpbibiolu

different
mwmer. Wlten sm conditioru
arc&t
cannot be employed. WXen condition9 at the s&ace

arc fwxabk
cocditklu
fat
mft.
well
be tbu
m I
fwonble
,u?fue
mdaloft
1, My
task foru
we
sloft se club tlut
for both sbxpa md &craft.
bc unfivonbls
for
the ehiptoabore
thy
may
mar-t
of
kndblg aaft.
fndwma or over. only the krger ship can anchor.

(2)
Tbc pmbkm
of weather an it affecta the total
opentmn may be divided fnto four ategones:
roadated&
(5) Shelund
Anch-.
In own
a
slight tit
,n the wmd may bw
about a halt m the
lmloadblg. one of the pnmaq
from unfr*otable
naval mnsdeneona
u shelter
(c) Tempemtwr
wutber ca&ion.
tempuature
on perwmd
The
effecta
of
extreme
and nutenel and QR the nature of
preei@uioa
(d) Precf&ufo,,.
The effect of ex-ve
patip
itation. ram or cnow. on pemonnel and materiel.
1705.
WEATHER
INFLUENCE
OPERAllONS.
I.DEFINITIONS
tbdr
affect the ten.in
.
(1)
aimeta.
The
pwmlfa#
or
werage
wutber
conditiona of a pkce. aa determnwd by the tenventure
and
OF
Watbu
WEATHER
futon
ON
AMPHfBlOUS
must be mnddercd
hdlumce on every pbue of mc operation;

by chqbq
the mffiabtlity
to
how thcJ
of the sxl
ud#ixe.amaJmdiiudhorfogandthc~ofthe
mooa aBd M
dfeet viability,
1749
2-l
FMFM 2.1
FMPM 2.1
dnnft
puked
on the gmund, Operaon
thm a certdn mtnbmm
vnnd o*er the night deck, the
,oioam, of wnd needed dependii pota the type of atnet
mdtbetypeofumnft.
reqtdm
(b) Wind Aloft. An tmportmt condenhon

m
the a,tpLoymm, of wcmft I the direction md rckcih of
wmde ,t au opnttotul
akuda
Depmding po the
ditectionmdforteofdlewmde.hmeoftli&twiube
affected. The y~etewc or dm fuel 0m~lpti.m
mltetuuy affecta the payload md buluenocl the range.
ONin
arus have a turbttknt att.&ere.
ow yt sddch
cmmcurrenb of air. frequently diratcd
thaelrerrete
ve,tiully.AnairmftwbichtXesthmughsudtanstum
buffeted about md may bc damaged structwdly. Aetkl
tecaonuMlrlcc lttd support I dhetd
by wmd cmtditknn
in the upper air.
.
.
.
.
Clear. Less than onc.tenth of the&y cowed.

scortcred. Owtcnth to five.tcnthl of the ay
c.wered.
Bmker~ Five-tenths to mnetentbt of the sky
mverul.
OIwrmn when more than Nne-tenltu of tbe
dry I mvacd.
(3)
Foq at w lent may
pc.mt ot r&net umct opentiow by mJang takeoffi and
Mm@ dangmxs. Alto, low iymg dot& OTfog interferes
vntb verttul visibility and. wnacqumdy.
uItlttenccn the
quality of rctki photoqnphs. nconmistana
of the beach
enemy diipoaitions. ud testnat the employment of arcraft
lot Floe.5support bombing and
(7) Eflecer 1
of hclkopterbomc faceawe the
ame aB for au opntlolw:
however. mnda In axof 23
knot8 mult be CoMdcrrd in planning the t-bid .pPmaeh md
kndlng of hdimpters.
(8)
Cbemkd Opemtfuu. 6&e
the FMFM 11 senea for the rtieets of wbtda on the atwky.
ment of *emted md mdii&xd
agent%
3. EFFFLTS.OF REDUCED VISIIIILITY
(1) Cm&.
Reduced vi&&
haa a numba of
eirects on Impbibiotu ofxraona that UC of both bmefi&l
and detnmmtd in nature. Conditions of redu& risibitity
dwmg the movement of tbc lone to the t,tqu M ate u1
ud m pmtcxtmq I, from
At
the target M. reduecd nmbdity a& offers protection. to
*me extent. fmm enemy an attack and pro&a covet iot
tbetzampo&mthetnnsFottnuubifatbc~mft
dttt%tg the +ip.toshorc
movmtmt.
Howeva, rcduud
~~~~~vrrscef(~intlutitd~mccH~
thenw0fdoscurmdNvdPwtf.mnlppaCudtbe
zealmcy of uttlkry au sfmttiw. nc monatent from ddp
to sbote bemmet more diftictdt due to the poibility
of
kndbtq enit b*ng dekyed md not cmtinq in on .dwdtde
otevmkttding!nthewtottg~Thtrrmcd*~k
fttqumtly dictated by the tbne of the be+ntn3ofnnmua#
wttcdhvdigbt.
(2)QoudrTbc
bnpokmce
of cw
and ule
amount of pmtection they afford dutfng m opm&ott
dcpmi prbtwiLy upon the uwwt
of sky c.nww tbty
(I, If fcg. stow. or heavy nut obslm new,

the ship proriding the pre.Dday bombardment can usually
rut on preno!Mfy touted and plotted tuwta ody. Tbe f=
cannot be delivered u effect&y
under th+s condittons.
nor un nn* and prenoudy unreported tar&t8 be rudtly
latcd.
Dloing the kcdinq phuc. when dup. move m to
pmnde arppxt for the kltdbtq force. the fuc support
,,omt,Uy depend, upon direct obscrration. Ihe effectivmes
of the t-we auppon. &refore. w grutly reduced. After the
&bole fue contml parties are adtote. the etppcit ship nIta
then pkec much more rebmcc on tbev spotting teama durw
these pmoda tbln dtrmg ttmunesof unlbmtcd nebility. It
may be that the nwd guntire spotter wdf complete
conavl owr the fire8 of the Joac support dup.
(b) There are &,a when pew& of reduced
mtbility are dcsinbk for the employmmt of nsvai gmfii.
Itm,ybedetambktofue~mitdonofhuwmgnahtrcot
to execute . feint, *t wbkh time lbnited wdbility would
pmnde pmtcctiolt for the abip fmm enem, obtenahon
ami *t&t.
,md
(6) Effect of VisibtZty MI Time o/Lad&.

A lonm
of d.yligbt h otdbuniy dearable for the exceyhon of
1753
1754
FMFM 2.1
FMFM 21
1. MAPS.
CAZETTEER$
of 1 M pauotu of the objeave are.

atsulcsof 150,ooo. 19.50800. and 1:1.ooo,ooo.
b. WlNDS
(1)
ccaeml.
(2)
Expctmq
of wnda wth tktr
duechat and
vclonlY.
(3)
Glmfwiods.
c. FLYING CONDITlONS
(1)
Genenl
(2)
Celling
(3)
Vi,ibility. fw haze.dust. and smoke.
(4)
lcmng
d. \IL%ELLANEOUS
(I)
PHENOMENA
Sunw, sunezt.tnd twbphts.
(2)
Moonrue.moonset and phaseaof moon.
(3)
Magneusm
(4)
other.
(2)
Rangeof sprIngaId news.
(3)
Dwui.,,, of nx. fall. and stmd.
3.
A-l
FMFM
(5) Cities and tovnw,
(6)
V~tllion
(7)
Offshore LLndA
(3)
(2) Expectancy of h&t
of surf n.itb wada from
vuyiq dkcdon Md of vclarticr
(3)
Ice formaIlcHuon 8x.
(4)
Audio cmditionr
(5)
huu(uutler
Generalduuiptlon of the mast:

(a)
Uailldl~~
(b)
Appohu
(c)
Offihon hatdh
(d)
Sho&
TcmpenIum.
(e)
Reef&
(0
Anch0m.w
e OFFSHORE CURRENT
(1)
San.&
md dimcbon.
(2)
currat tableaaad dIufr
d. MSHORE CURRENTS
(I)
St,e,,&
uld dimdon at wriaa
diitmoee from
Id.& wemwk
(2)
Cutrent talki md dwts
e. CHARTS
(1)
Awdabdity.
(2)
Typ md c&e.
(3)
Rclmlity.
4
CEDCRAPHY. fnfonnlhM Of the gzcgnpbid charrtumia
of tk landin ma. with ipccial empb& on .p.
peuaac4fmmtbeairofrec&abkiMdmvkr
(1)
Riven
(2)
&km.
(3)
Bw.
(4)
bfouna
FMFM 21
p+ommau. mtedda d
qqmcnt
r.zammtciion. and key Pnaulibc.
5. LANDING
needed for repair rad
(2)
Lamdmnh nmignlbtld &ids.
(3)
Checkawl mnlxel pmo.
(4)
Otaudn to kligkr
(5)
Encw dwpmitfolu ia ricmitr.
ZONES
*he be,c.* ,fomllum lo ttqumd forcadl Lading wne:

a, DESIGNATION
AND WCATION
e. EVASION AND ESCAPE
(1)
Dayutimby~codemme~dnup1oc.b
(2)
Altitude , feet rh0r.z.a he1
(3)
Oncnubon. domulmt tcmia.
(4)
Lmdmvkr m o~m~hond aids.
(5)
DstvKt .nd directtonfmm daigr&d
b. CHARACTERISTICS
DunCMKilt.
(2) hdii
P1u intinh
(3)
Hdicoplu cap.aty by typ.
pwurppdnk
(2)
Routatofh&ua.
(3)
hdmuh
md pn&g
win&
(1)
(1)
m nmgatrand aid..
1. ENEMY SITUATION
objeetirc.
(1)
Trarp diitiar
(2)
Anti.tm.A~hmr
(3)
We1po.miMhuuiau
(4)
Antihclicoptu &t&r
(5)
Siifiunt
mtit*a
6. BEACHES
(4)
Surfaocmatend
(3)
Sail traffiubility.
,. DESIGNATION AND LOCATION
(6)
otetackl. cxutmg and rcinf~
b. CHARACTERISTICS
(7)
&pee. duccnonmd degree.
(3)
CutTentMd fuNIt uy.
c ADJACENT TERRAIN
(1)
Dombunt futures
(1)
(2)
and-tit.
l..cwlkMdlidfh
Diitma
from low xrtemurk to n-t
AND EXITS
(2)
Rcutaofingasmdegm.
(3)
Rcliefmddrun~
(4)
ok&s&.
CxMtingMd minforckl&
d. APPROACH AND RETIRFMENT LANES

(1)
Rsrmmnded dtilude ad heading
A.3
FMFM 2.1
c. LANDMARKS
d. APPROACHES. Gencrdinfomuhonrrrquiredlore.
wrd from the IO-fathom depth and detaRedinfomuhon insde the 5.fadtom EUIIC.
(1)
Swptchamlels.
(2)
Locahon and deptlu of reefs. bus, m&a nd
rhodh
(3)
AnchorageLnu.
(4)
suitabihty for chclanding of uaplane tralwortt
CURRENTS
TfDAL RANGE
CRADfENTS
OF THE
WATER APPROACHES AND
BEACH AND UNDER

CHARACTER OF THE
BOTTOM
I,. EXITS.
INCLUDING
TOPOGRAPHY
ON
THE
FLANKS
i.
ACCF,SS/DfSTANCKS TO
ROADS
AND
TRAF.
FICABILITY
7.
PORTS AND AIR FACILRES

i.PORTS
AND HARBORS
(1) Location and impcxtmce-latitude and lmgtude

01 coordinatu with mrp nferenoc, commerml andstntege
impcance. lacd ruiatlona in -.
general plan of hubor.
uldportP*o.
(2)
ccnnp:cuow landmar&
(3)
LMdii
(4)
PmvidonI.
(6)
War lupplv syltem.
budlc* wiulii the pat YQ
FMFM 2.1
(13)
tiowiq
f*cilitka
(14)
Repair frcditta
8.
POLITICS
a.FORM
(16)
Ammunitmn storage-covered_,
b. ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF NATIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
loatmon.and condition
(1,)
Wuthauec area-dzy atorate area. c&J rtMIse
arca.and condition
AND EXERCISE OF GOVERNMENT
open au.
(13)
Commtmrrrtian.+wadabLlity and loahon
tc*phom. &gmpil. ad radio.
of
c. POLITICAL AND CIVIL RIGHTS. BuicpobticJ

and civil rights of xwiol&
rupprcdan ud rwbichon of
political and ~3rd tqh& atmcittu. secretpolice,and sectutty
eontmls
over dvu ud poiitral nght,.
orgMu8tton em
d. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS. P&x.,
plmes and soup:
parhca. gllemul. ud resistMa gmP and movementxand
p0lihc.l gmoupa
outsidethe muntty.
c. FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
truties, and auiulca.
(21) Elecmc pcwcr-lwtion.

Npe. updty in kdw
watts. frequency. pha. voltage.and total kdowtta wilable
to air fwdity.
f. STABILITY OF GOVERNMENT.
*wbd
stabdity of the govcmmcntm pore+ pvticul&
msofir a
popldu wpport is mncenKd.
9.
ECONOMICS
a.ECONOGIC
(23)
sewagewtan-type
(24)
Acces to IY facdity-mad, md. and water.
(25)
Civil openho*.
Important forebgt p&da.
STRUCTURE
and UpscitY.
b. FUELS
(4
(1) Ami&lity of ca.L fuel oil. diil

oil. wmtion
gasoline.rcgldu gamiine,lvbnutioa orb, and nrtunl gas.
tb)
(2)
Cd
td)
dent
of sabotage.bombii.
and demob-
tmn damages.
e. AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY. AND FISHING
21
TlUNSPORTATlON
(1)
Adeqlwffmm2R=Yncedl.
A.6
FMFM 2-1
A-?
FMFM
21
-dwu.
md commuaiutim
nwm.Uy
(d)
Cb.mctetic.
speeds (mumwm
,tks d
freqwmie,
and nmdukhm
UC4 vldwding i&.md.
n.tlm
d.ha..m.meat,
uld addug).
of ckchmic
of turn.. speed of dive. and cmliq

c. AIR
bomb load.
rate of dimb, -.
quipixenr
capabiL
protection, radii
(s&a
and muomum).
FORCES
(1)
Older of bank.
(4)
Recognition
m.ter,d-,end
pbatognphr
and
nmcuettes
(5)
Cbaractenstica d.tl-armament,
bomb toad, mu-
lmum speed. nte of dimb. protection. *u#

of dire. ccdmg. capabibhu.
mat
of mm. speed
of c&ctxs~e equp
instdkd.
(7)
stodu
and ntti
LcQs!icbfuel
ammm,tioa.
and dumps, K.IIICCS of sup$y.
lepkcement
apply
paa
system, and
aufq.ly rnovemcLI
(8)
Kamk
and general combat cffickncy.
FMFM 2.1
FMFM 21
1. ATTACK
Activity)
OBSERVATlON
Si
01 dot&e
envelopment Y norm&
offmu. Tmka md mchuvvcd
attempted in the
urub on eitbcr 01 bath tlmk
Extemm ulilkry
ArUikq
podtirm
xdl fonnrd and emanmtcd.
FMFM 21
OBSERVATBIN
ivo*emnt of ha&
llmta fowud.
ab,g
up of p&ion
by bombardment
FMFM 21
OBSERVATION
4
OBSERVATION
EWLANATlON
4.WITHDRAWAL (Ground)
OBSCRVATlON
CinUuu may be rvuu&d

stone ordelinq utn.
from .RY
rksbd
for nudw
FMFM
Z-1
7. ATTACK (Air)
FMFM Z-1
EXPLANATION
c7
Maroiv
-7
-3
MAW
--____
d
FA
--------
-_
- ..-.--g
c-3 g
____..____-
y34.g
g3
Group
----
Team
nter-Trans
Team
.-.
--@
& --g-&$.-_
6 @ & &--gq- ---.__
_--.-._______.
:ATF
_--__-__-_
_____.__.
-----I
--.-.
---I
----I
-_-l
FMFM 21
APPENLIIX E
].SAMPLE FORMAT FOR TACTlCAL INTERROGATION REPORT

(CLASSlFICATlON)
TACTICAL MfEIlROCATlON
NAME OF SOURCE:
CATEGORY:
MTERROCATLON SERIAL NO:
REPORT
REPORT NO:
INTERROCA1Y)R:
DATRfTlME
LANGUAGE USED:
WTERPRETRR:
MAPS USED:
PART L ADMINISTRATNE
A. PERSONAL PARTICULARS OF SOURCE
I.
R.&
Full N.me aad SSANlSer No. .nd Job:
Date md Placeof Bum:
3.
N,tional~ty:
0. CAPTURE DATA
El
FMFM 21
(CLASSIPICATION)
4.
CirmmlMeca
of capture:
C DOCUMENTS/EQUIPMENT
1.
Lit of Documentr:
2.
Dcmb of Money and Vahbka:
3.
PrrwNl Eqmpment:
4.
Weapons:
P,,RT IL
INFORMATION OBTAINED:
PART IIL
REWMKS:
A. Atsame, of Source.
8. Dtim
of hlenogthon Tcdmquu
C Re-ndations
for Further Inte-lion.
SIGNED:
NAME:
RANK. BRANCH OF SERVICE:
(CLASSIFICATION)
I
FMFM 21
2 SAMPLE
FORMAT
FOR DETAILED
INTERROGATION
REPORT
(CLASSIFICATION)
INTC TEAM
DATE,TU(E
(ZULU)
(CLASSIFICATION)
FMFM 2.1
(CUSSIFICATION)
due t.kca from the twimer.)

EQUIPMENT:
PART a
2. ORGANUATIOK
STRENGTH, AND DISPOSITION
(CLASSIFICATION)
FMFM ZI
(CLASSIFICATION)
INTERROGATOR:
(CLGSffICATION)
FMFM 21
3.
SAMPLE FORMAT FOR DOCUMENT TRANSLATION REPORT
(CLASSfFICATION)
HEADQUARTERS OF DRTACHMENT
PREPARING REPORT
DATE:
TRANSLATION REPORT
1. CONTROLDATA
In Batch
(CLAWFICATION)
FMPM 2.1
APPENDIX F
HEADrnG
PRECEDENCE
oR#;mATmo
AGENCY
ACTION ADDRESSEES
mFORMATION ADDRESSEES
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION/CODE WORD OR NICKNAME
mTREP (Number)/AS OF DATE-TIME GROUP (GMT)/MONTH/YEAR
REFRRENCEIREXONSE. Refer to pnwola reports wd indie&

SOURCE. Give -
of information king reported md crahhon
quest
number. If rppliuble.
of infwmatlon and nkbihy
of -.
NATUREOF IN~AUATION/EYENT/SlGHTING
LoCATION OF THE INSTALLATION/EVENT/SIGHT1NC.
Tk
larho.
msy k expr.ad
in, pnpwt
pantion. 1~.
bowdw, Ifnear scencnt 01 basic encydopedia number w target aumbcr(if waihblc~ Tk Iouhon rcferenoc proadk asedin pint apm&w
am a, fdlows:
to
OPERATIONS mVOLVmC
GROUND FORCES-GENERAL
Tk Univerul T~nneme Mercator (UTM) @d
system wB k ad. When tbc uy of I UTM grid @em Y unpnctul,
I.!iblde aad Ionglhrde will k uad.
OPERATIONS NOT MVOLVING GROUND FORCES Tk WmId Geagqshk Reference System (GEOREF) may
k med. Wkn mC UT of CEOREF L impractical Iahtude ud lolrgkde w&I k wed.
JOmT AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS. Tk UTM grad ayltem w,II k wed when luppow
Ianding force OPIIOIU
F-l
LOCATIONOF MUJTARY
UNPFS tkport d&iunc
LOCATION OF GUERRILLA UNfFS

EVALUATION.
dunga
h enemy O&I
of b&k
Report *ho. nherr mcthds of ouatiau, M
obbined from uuthl intencw.
upplirr
Gii cvaluatia, of hfomutlon aad -.
FMFM 21
APPENDIX G
FORMAT
FOR UVTELLIGENCE WORKSOOK
1. HEADING
&
PfIECEDF.hrE
ORIGMATlfK
c.
ACTION ADDRESSEES
d.
INFORMATION ADDRFSSEES
C.
f.
INTSUM(NUMBER/FOR
AGENCY
PERIOD ENDING DATLTIME GROUP/SIONTH/YEAR
2 BODY
PARAGRAPH 1 . SUMMARY OF ENEMY ACTIVITY FOR THE PERIOD
(.)
(b)
GROUND ACTIVPIY
TRACE OF FORWARD ELEMENTS
(1) Opnam
Iadnng Cmurd Fores
(2) 0paati.m Not bmhing Crowd Forra

(3) For Clor AirSupport of Ground Form,
C-1
FMFU 2.1
(c)
POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR NUCLEAR WEAPONS
(d)
NUCLEAR ACTIVITY
(e)
CBR ACTIVITY
(f)
AIR ACTIVITY
(g)
NAVAL ACTIVITY
(h)
OTHERtNEW TACTICS, COtiNTERINTELLICENCE
PARAGRAPH 2
ETC.)
ENEMY PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT LOSSES
(a)
PERSONNEL
(b)
EQUIPMENT AND MATEFUAL.
PARAGRAPH 3 - NEW ORSTACLSS AND BARRIERS

PARAGRAPH 4 - ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTIVITISS
PARAGRAPH 5 . NEW IDSNTIFICATIONS

(a)
UNITS
(b)
PERSONALITIES
PARAGRAPH 6 - ENEMY MDYEMENTS

PARAGRAPH 7 - ESFIYATED NUMBER ANDTYPESOF
VEHICLES. SHIPS, AIRCRAFT
PARACRAPH 8 . WEATHER AND TERRALV CONDITIONS

PARAGRAPH 9
BRIEF DISCUSSION OF CAPABILITISS AND VULNERASILITIES
(ALWAYS INCLUDED)
PARAGRAPH IO . CONCLUSIONS (ALWAYS INCLUDED)

E udiu rerporuthlefor sltbm1tlidg the perKdie lnleIii@k summaryle the foIIomg f0mla1:
I. HEADING
a.
PRECEDENCE
c.2
FMFM 2.1
b.
ORIGINATING AGENCY
c.
ACTION ADDRESSEES
d.
INFORMATION ADDRESSEES
*_
i.
PERLNTSUM(NUMBERbiFOR PERIOD ENDING DATETIME CROUP,MONTH,YEAR
2, BODY
ITEM 1. AREA OF OPERATIONS

(a)
TOPOGRAPHY
(b)
HYDROCRAPHY
(c)
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
(4)
TRANSPORTATION
(e)
ELECTRONIC AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
(0
POLITICS
(6)
ECONOMICS
(h)
wCIOuxY
(I)
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ITEM 2 ENEMY OPERATIONS DURING THIS PERIOD

(a)
GROUND FORCES
(1)
STRENGTH AND DISPOSITIONS
(2) CDMMiTTED FORCES

(3)
RELYFORCEVENTS
(4)
lCTIvlTY
(5) OTHER ORDEROF RAITLE FACTORS

(6)
XW TACTICS WUPDN.5, AND EQUlPM&w
(7)
NUCLEAR CAPABLE ARTILLERY AND LAUNCHER
(3)
CBR AND NUCLEAR ACTIVITY
c-3
FMFM 21
(b)
(e)
AIR FORCES
(1)
SIRENGTH AND DLSPOSITlONS
(2)
ORDER OF BATTLE
(3)
NEW TACTICS. WEAPONS, AND EQUIPMENT
NAVAL FORCES
(1)
(d)
(e)
(2)
ORDER OF BAlTLE
(3)
NEW TACTICS, WEAPONS. AND EQUIPMENT
MISSIL.E FORCES(EXCLUDING
SAM)
(1)
(2)
ORDER
(3)
NEW TACTICS, WEAPONS, AND EQUIPMENT
ANTIAIRCRAFT DEFENSE (INCLUDMC
SAM)
(1) STRENGTH AND DISPOSITIONS

(2)
ORDER OF BATTLE
(3)
NBWTAaICS
WEAPONS. AND EQUIPMENT
ITEM 3. ENEMY MILITARY SITUATION

(a)
IDENTIFICATION
(1)
OF COMMITTED GROUND FORCES
MOVEMENTS AND LOCATIONS
(2)
REINFORCEMENTS
(3)
LoGI.srBzS
(4)
EQUIPMENT
(5)
PERSONALITIES
(6)
MORALE
(7)
PERSONNEL AND MATBBlEL Losses
G-4
FMFM Zl
KIA
1. CONFIRMED
3. EWLMATED
b.
WIA(ESTIMATED)
e.CAPrURED
d hwmuEaU)SSeS
(b)
IDENTIFICATION
OF AIR FORCES(AIRCRAFT AND
OPERATIONALCAPABUlTY
(2)
(3)
MATERIEL AND PERSONNEL LOSSES

L AIRCRAFT
1. CONFIRMED DESTROYED IN THE AIR
2. CONFIRMED DESIROYED ON THE GROUND
3. CONFIRMED DAMAGED IN THE AIR
4. CONFIRMED DAMAGED ON THE GROUND
5. PROBABLE DESTROYED
6. PROBABLE DAMAGED
b. GROUND EQUIPMENT
1. DFSTROYED
2
DAMAGED
c. PERSONNEL
1. KM
a. CONFIRMED
b. ESTIMATED
(4)
MORALE
(5)
ELECTRONIC CAPABILITY
FMFM 2.1
(c)
(6)
NUCLEAR CAPABILITY
(0
ANALYSlS OF CAPABlLlTlFS
IDENTIFlCATlON
(1)
OF NAVAL FORCES
OPERATIONAL CAPABILJTY
(2)
(3)
SHIP. MATERIEL
AND PERSONNEL LOSSES
a. SHIPS (IDENTIFICATION
BY NAME, CLASS. TYPE)
1. CONMRMED SUNK
2. PROBABLE SUNK
3. DAMAGED
b. SHORE-BASED EQUIPMENT AND FACILlTlES
1. DESTROYED
2. DAMAGED
c. PERSONNEL
1. KIA
I.
CONFlRMED
b. ESTIMATED
2. WIA (ESTIMATED)
3. CAF-TURED
ITw(5.
ITeM
(4)
MORALE
(5)
ELECTRONIC CAPABILITY
(6)
ANALYSIS OF CAPABILITIES
ENEMY UNCONVENTIONAL
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE
(a)
IDENTlFlCATfON
OF GUERRILLA FORCES
(b)
PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
(.)
SABOTAGE
(b)
ESPIONAGE
CONCLUSIONS
G6
FMFM 21
PMFM 21
(1)
(2)
(3)
10.
Supplementuy lntefk~rt
Reports (SUPINTREP)
2:
K2
FMFM 2.1
NATO UNCLASSIFIED
content ra& SUPINTREP wdl detcmuw ita dirbibution.
b.
Dhrcmuuuon. Tk
e.
Fornut. No set format II ptesenkd for the SUPINTREP. crept that (he word SUPINTREP ir to apwr.t
lk kwwulg of tk rcpwt.
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
UNCLASSIFIRD
H3
2.1
NATO UNCLASSIFIED
A TO
STANAG 2022
(Edition No. 6)
EVALUATION
RELIABILITY
.
TABLE I. RELIABILITY OF SOURCE

A
8.
C
D.
L
F.
Compktefy relkbk.
llslaliy reliable.
FGrly miiabk.
Not usuallyrcbabk.
Unreliabk.
Rebability cmnof h fudged
3.
Compkkly rebabk (A) mfen to a tned and muted sourcewbtcb cm be dependedupon wth confidena
8.
Rebtbtbh e~mwt be
refcn to. sm,,oc vhtcb h.s not hen usedin the pr)L
CREDIBILITY
9.
ated
Cwiibifih
of infomution is de&wed
by a numwll betwe,, I and 6 d&yiir
ruying degns of ccnfidencz a inC
in Tabe IL
TABLE II. CREDIBILITY OF INFORM4TION
I.
2.
3.
Conlmlcd by other smrca.
4,
Doubtful
Probably hue.
Pcuibly true.
5.
6.
Impmhbk.
Truth camot h
NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Ii.4
EVALfJATlON RATMG
NATO UNCLASSIFIED
FMFM 21
APPENDlX
I
INTELLIGENCE
ANNEX
1. SAMPLE FORMAT FOR INTELLIGENCE ANNEX

(I,, ,uordance ntb STANAG 2014. Inte.&na
(NATO)
Amex to Opennon Order)
CLASSIFICATION
copyno. --of -
capk
Imung hcadqwten
PLACE OF ISSUE
D.t&imc of kw
.rcuyc mfemwx number
I-1
Rqwa
01
to higher, djaent
and coopnfingwb.
b requatcd.
,tt,d,ed
fmmwhich b~fammhm
A rpmb
numbed
prtdhg
to ewb udt WA .xpu~
4. MEASURES FOR HANDLING PERSONNEL DOCUMENTS AND MATERIEL

Tbk puwwb
CXMlp*:
detima. compktcs. w modlfka SOPi in fore. wheaewr nqwed.
for mC duration of the opmdcn.
For
DOCUMENPS AND/OR EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
CLASSfFICATlON
I.2
FMFM 21
CLASSIFICATION
8 M~UANU)USINSTRUCTIONSfIfR~wrrd)
d. Additimd Pang&s
Y Denred. Such urh@ctaY pey&dc@cd wufare. pubIic nlauotu, coverand deception.etc. may
be corrred.
CLASSIFICATIOf4
I.3
FMFM Z-1
2 SAMPLE FORMAT FOR THE INTELLIGENCE

ANNEX UOPS)
(In mxordma nm the Joint opnuon# FlsMng system. v&me L kdcugalr Anw to OPdm
Order)
CLASBIFICATION
espyno. -of
copvl
lwngkdquuten
PLACE OF ISSUE
Ihte/&me group
Means nfelen~ number
ANNEXB(lntclligna)LoOpcntion01dcrf&f:
(a)
(b)
unit SOP for It&gmaa

Map. chart4 et=
I. ATELLICRNCE MISSION AND CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

L M&on (SpeaKa the inteIItgewz mmton of the commandand de&a mtcJI@na objcrtiva wbicb wdl bc undcrtaktnin
alpport of the tacttaf muion
ofulcmmmud.)
ai
b. Concept Opa,aon
(Idatt6esbwlSgencz agenaemrhtd, wiII undertakethe otjcctlvc~at&d in the pm-ding subpar.
agraph. Daenbu mnner of employmmt in gene4 temu)
a. Ounstenaba of W&her and Area of Opntion,

(1) (Refer to Appndt
7 (InteIRgenceEshm.te))
h SulBmuy of Ewmy s1tuatiw

(I)
(Refer to Appendix 6 (Humn SourceIntelltgence~)
e EItbIute of Enemy Gpalldtttes

(1)
(Refer
to Appadtx
7(IntdB~nce
!ZsbmaleL)
3. INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES
L (Reia to reieren,x (a). SOP for IatetBgcnee.)
4. ASSIGNMENT OF INTELLIGENCE TASKS
,. OrdatoSubcxdt~teandAttadudUnto
P*olollhr
CLASSIFICATION
14
FMFM 2,
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATlON
FMFM 2.1
APPENDIX
J
INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY I INTSUM)
SAMPLE FORMAT
CLASSIFICATION
J.1
FMFM 21
(4)
(6)
pu,qqd, 2. ENEMY PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT LOSSES
Puq(nph 3 _ NEW OBSTACLES AND BARRIERS

P,,,gr,ph
b&q,
L& thcv idmti6cd dumg ttu pamd by type and Ioucion
, . ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTIVITIES. %mm.nz enemywilitks praiabw to p-l

m8pLamaU.
orotbu unuuai logstics activity but not mfomutimlmul&nce rcponedekwherc bt the INTSUM
sup*
Parag,,& 5. NEW IDENFIFICATIONS

z -Units Lkt ncr untb idmtified during tbc period. Indude loat.t.+dak/dmc (ZULU), aad unit ,nddng the idcntifiwim.
Pagenumber
CI&SfFICATION
FMFM 2,
CLASSIFEATTION
Pagenumba
CLASSIFICATION
FMFM .?.I
APPENDIX K
PERIODICLNTELLIGENCESUMMARY (PERINTSUM)
SAMPLEFORMAT
CLASSIFICATION
Heading
PRECEDENCE
ORIGINATING
AGENCY
ACTION ADDRESSEES
MFORMATION ADDRESSEES
PERINTSUM(Numbcr)/FOR PERIOD ENDING DAT.TETI!dECROUP/MONTH/YEAR
Pagenumber
CLASSIFICATION
FMFM 21
ITEM 2 ENEMY OPERATIONS DURING TIifS PER,00
(8)
CRB nd Nucku Activity. Repan CBR and nuckrr achtity. Tbw verpon, &,,dd be ,eportd bv h/p+ y,&i,
number.methodof delivery 01 appliutio,,. ad enemydocbine c.,s,cemmg
tbe,r UT.
h Air Forces
P*p nunber
CLASSIFICATION
21
FMFM 21
(1)
(2)
(3)
CLASSIFICATION
FMFM 21
CLASSIFICATION
(1)
(3)
~h,~(denuftmmn
by name.cks. type)
1; KlA
CLASSIFICATION
K-5
FMFM 21
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSlFICATlON
K-h
FMFM 2.1
B.
FMFM 21
CLASSIFICATION
C. NUMBER AND NATURE OF GUNS MORTARS. ROCKET LAUNCHERS AIRCRAFT. OR OTHER METHODS OF
DELIVBRY.
K NATURE OF FIRE. AdJWmr4
tire forcfkct hamaim~ctc. (Mly be am&ted for mmft)
L NUMBBRTYPE,ANDCALIBER(ruk
ETC
xhethermcasumder.aemcd)OFSHELI.S.
ROCKBTS(ORMlSSILES~BOMBS,
,. TIME OF FLASH TO BANG. (Oma for ,imnft)

K. DAMAGCE Em&
of rcquimd
L REMARKS
M SERIAL NUMBER
Ead~location which i. producedby. lo&q
n TARGET NUMBER.
(he lauir.6 unitr
If mc w~apan/acbnty ha pm+
P. POSITION OF TARGET.
beengwcn a targetnumber.it wdl be &wed in thn edunu, by
The gnd mfercna 01 End bemw md dstancc of the located wea~m/activity.
Q. ACCURACY. The emmy

R. TIME OF LOCATION.
unu,u givena serial number.
lo which tic we~pm/utmty loutcd
The ,eNll
CEP in men
md tie MYU of toaim
d pa&de.
time (he louam wa. made.
S. TARGET DESCRIFTION. Dimennom if pm&k

1. RdiU of large, 111
mete
or
2 uract Ien& md wdth UI me(em.
T. TIME FIRED. Agamt homk tar&
U. FIRED BY.
V. NUMBER OF ROUNDS-TYPE OF FUZE AND PROJECTILES.
CLASSIFICATION
L2
FMFM 21
APPENDlX M
DAILY INTELLIGENCESUMMARY (DISUM)
CLASSIFICATION
lhhlg
PRECEDENCE
ORIGINATING AGENCY
ACTION ADDRESSEES
DlSUM (Number),FOK PERIOD ENDING DATETLiE GROUP/MONTH/YEAR
1. GENERAL ENEMY SITUATION

c
2 ENEMY OPERATIONS DURING THE PERIOD

3. OTHER INTELLIGENCE FACTORS. Pertinentttetm not otheduema, of new we*Fo~ or tacc0~1.
etc.).
eownd (e.g.. rwmficult order of battle changeqmho
4. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE SITUATION
Pageumbm
CLASSIFICATION
APPENDIX N
GUIDELINES FOR EMPLOYMENT

RADAR SIZ AN/PPS-IS
1.
OF
GENERAL
FMFU 21
ASSEMBLY
f
BATTERY
COMPARTMENT
TRIPODCONTROL
lYDCITDR
!
i
aa
Y
POWER
CABLE
REM&E
CABLE
FLyn N-2. R&z Set AN/PPSlS, Tripod Mou,,ted. RemoteOpntitq
Poetion
CABLE ASSEMBLY.
SLING, TYPE I.
MIL-S-1693
HEADSETS. ELECTRICAL
H-251/u
FMFM 2,
lASJ1
.UtTMENT
INDICATORS
___
N-5
FMFM 21
STEPl.SEPARATERECEIYER~RANSMITPER
GROUP
D~uwconirofiadiubxc-rp~
(1)
.~, Imm Uw aatau uemth CONTROL INDKATOR -rmrpMsi2).
Unhdta un IhrQe
fddles(3)
eccauiq
tbcutauu
tolhecoalrdiIl&ator.
Separate the ho
ttit&
STEP2 INSTALLREMOTECONTROLCABLE
Cc.nAucttfwnm&coalrdullkfcmJe~
ph13(4)to the antenna
-bly CONTROL
luepikde(2).
INDICATOR-w
Commcttbe remotscmlrolublem~mn~ector
fllq(5)to thecmlIoiidiatclr
die fade
-=rfw(4).
nr
FMFM 21
4,
TECHNICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
h ELBfXRONIC
L GENERAL
(1)
PemMeL
(1)
Q.mv
. . . . .
... .
. .....
&&t,l(on... . . .
Tmlumlttfng
Oper.dng fmqww.y
JO.3 GHz (Nom)
Tmntm,ttcrwtput..
.45md!iwatU
. SOto l.OOOnJetcn
V&c&
Accuracy..
sOto3.Mwmeten
.10men
3.5meten
(dhtuue
IJut two tnwa
(2)
ia range
muat be seps.
r;ted to auow opmtw

scutam
to
A-
B.di.tbtgekmrn~
G.h
Bamwdth..
. . .%tted -9
..
.28dcab&
. . . . . . . S.75haiuont.l
wwwtde
10.0 .crtlul
that twa different
tusca ue wacnl)
(2)
Azimuth
Bttkly
Avery..
. . . . .
. .O to6400mlb(dackrbd
.I0 ml
Raoluhon.
.I00 m+(LtemJ kplntion
be
thatd
auow
aprrtatoknow
that
two diffctmt twgeb UC
twca
*Cd*
.Dlghl
two tyta
rcdout m voh
.Lgbtemetingdiadcs
Trvuattter output.
Aumuth
!mihxtor
.OtgitJ readoutm mlL
Rang
.V~~~lldig~talte&xtbtmrten
Ekvrwn
lndiutor
.Ekvrdon .ngk readoutin mih

.A,&
He&a.
detectlonmd idmtitiu-
h0
P-t
(3)
Ebwtion. Cavemge(tdMu~)
(4)
f+wt
Typea..
.IntemsJ battena: BA 43861

PRC25
Extem& 2&v&
L,fe.
Bwkprk c.,,,P,ynt,on
M.,,mtout eo,,Rgw,tlon.
. .
.
Extemrl: dcpndmgon battery

.TataI 26.2 pmmd.
.TotalS3.4 pounda
5.
LIMITATIONS
a, TERRAlN
apnt,om
. . . . . .3.9&
.4.tm,uurmbly(AS2906).
B,ttwy. dig (B&4336) .
. . .
The AN/PPS-15 is liited
to line.of.qbt
It will not pm&rate very deMe foby.
buddiig.
xtib. or hBk_It nil. however.pmetratc glamand dry CUI.L
. 3.0 pounds
CablewaemM9. ertemJ pmwr(W-2).

Gbk amnbly, rcmote(W.3).
Cue_ e.rtybtg(CY.7339)
chick bat-
tcrU
.Intcm.l: 16 hours.t 70. f
pouluil
. . .3..5PoundI
J.63 pou&
. .
. . . . .39.23 patndr
Lkive.,,tm,,,(AB.1205)
. . . .24pouds
He&et elecaiul(H-251/U).
. . . . .0.7 pan&
Inlicltorcaatml(C93533). . .
. .3.7pmmds
Cue. cuupo*(CT.73.3B).
Tripod. mdu(MT-PPSIS).
Sh
typ 1 (Wi1698).
.
. . .
.+.67pmmda
. . .0.1875 pwn&
N.7
FMFM 21
----
--P-v
SIT 1
CONTROL I?IDICATOR
C.9R.wYPS.l.5
CNITZ
ANTENNA ASSEYIJLY
F&n
N-5. R.h
Set AN/PPS-15. Sb&iRed SyatamBlock Dii
FMFM 21
(4)
numbu.
Acnbir):
opemting m hi,
eluurc tk
a. ENEMY
(1)
-der
J pmb.bk
(2)
dead-
f&power.
mm,
(3)
Enemy dinct
br
mtNmum number of fake akmlr
Enemy
saagtb
and mdirect firepower

tbc commander
rduemploymmt
C0@mwzUursr
caplbiity
d SITE SELECTION. Tk factor, of tern

md tk
radar dumctemtia ku bcwdy on rlcchon of proprnln
Enemy
may effect the rmpioy-
radars; coweracly.
ernpioymcnt wdl pmut
tn bit
and cmpkcemcnt
Efectromc
CountemwUllel
men, of swedknce
KM
tk
and for nilat length 0, tune.
be cmvdered
qadmg
ckccomc
h.w
m order to
Thecommaiermut
locatmna oi hk enemy. m rh.,
of Ope,lM&
ew.bdibea
mu,
type snd stw, of ,U fnendly
ate. of mponsbdity
SITUATION
Saangth..&Dfqo.tttonr
be q&k
The commndtr
probabk Iocatton. ad
paok
the kck
mumum
of rncmy
*foml*tto
to be
ior rdlr
opentmn
m order to e-
opinnum
SaJlg Ia equally Important whether the mumll

wee,
ambwh.
or anhunbaah.
fully cawderrd
coverage,
Ia rceMy)LIc
The followmg must be care-
ut ciwowtg opr,tmn
rites::
obtamed irom employed radars. Electrome coutttumeaw~s

may red=
the amount of dctukd
ndu
obtam. but the men presence of enemy EM
hmdd
w a rabnbk
adic&m
mfmmrtion
that the
of enemy achvity in an YCL The
Ranga of Obammon
(I)
AN/PPSlS
hmdd
The anteam. MI,
of the
bc arted so aa to hare I d,,cot lii-of.dght
to the ue. to be sear&cd
enemy would not bother to employ ECM tf he did not have

reuml
to c-nwder
AN/PPSlSs
that
m plln
are
lmp*t
wdI r&cc
smoc eada mdu opentea at a &ghtly

b. FRIENDLY
Employment
of
enemy EC.U cffectivcnes.

different frequency.
SITUATION
(3)
Avenuea of Appro..zh.
Tk
ANIPPSIS
antam.
taut should bc wad so Y to anvey the meat pmbabk

(1)
Yivlon
two putt-tbt
conudcted
The units wagned mwmn
task ad
mwtn
of
the pwposc. Sotb mwt be euehdly
by the oommvlder
in m&g
his deawm
in
regard to the employment of the AN/PPSlS.
(4,
whenrvv
maul
(2)
er mu,
Own Smngth,
con&r
ape&y
&
Dvpo.tfon..
The eommnd-
tbt locanon of the ekmolo
of hk rn,t
tboc
Hm.st
purrble.
ruppoa
UCP
suppwt.
I,
Other -m
whtdt
IS much
to employ AN/Pm15
more
CftiCtcnL
radars m pur,
for
should ako be wed to cover
mtaht be ma&d
W,
to radar coverage
dueto.n.Ubilkorgtdka.
rcktwe to s,ch other. lad to tatown and prob.&
enemy loutlmb
md rrkme
we.
nua of rppmacb of the enany.
The dlaracteruhed of tk
combat tirepower Ml,
may then employ mdu suveSknce

canrsge of !hok
poti-
are. of apenhau
ako be .zoI&kled.
He
to mid to the austnty
of hk unith pahon
which may
(5)
lhauld
Cowl
opwtor
ako take k,o

awdabk
up&&y.
Itotectwn.
to tile opentor
Yu,um
The
cmmdchon
mhng of
the Mum,
wbin
tk
pmteehvs eaerdmtdd
me rx&l
Md trp
of
9.metcr renlorc
be ualtxd.
betkinlymmncd.
N-9
61
tnbxd in MOSS at& u 5931 (grmmd radar t4nici.n)

5934 (bwak werpmr locairn ted,,,,&,).
or
h FORMAL SCHOOL BBQUIREMENTS. Two week

of fmwJ sebcmlmnins bI the .ppmpn.te eoumcamat.
bun rt tha CemmunicatiowEkcocaianiossho.4 B,tt&,,,
MAINTENANCJ?,
hfm
Corp. Tedmmi bhu4
TM.07531&12, RodorSet
ANIPPS.15 (V.2) Opl~bn and fhgai&u~
M&te,.,,,ce
1nraerp.u.
L PEBFORMANCE MF~ASUREMENTS. In uewdulce
withTM07581A.54
b.ADJUSTMENTS In uordma wth TM.07581A.5,.
L BAITERY
MAfNTENANCE
In awxdna
titb
TMO758lA.12
e.TEClfNfUANQUALlFICATIONS.Tk
t&i&a
rhovldktbomwbIrmLvdi.tbeo~c.,.irpcotoftbe
ndu. &alkfy
the unl praentaiion. only * pmfltient
owata
XJI k at& to detent& that aa, defideq it,
C(IUIPIKnt wftummwe exiw.
9. EMPLOYMENT
Provided by www.marines.cc t
\-II
& INTEGRATED
SURVEILLANCE
SYSTEM The
.,nedma
dul mvst DMUC that the ANIPPSlS ndm are
NlGllT
SElSIllC
OKSEKVATION
(4)
Ihued
dcwu
-----%a
ISTRUSION
DETECToK
w
\
KADAK
SET ASIPPS-13
IXFKARED
DEVICE
RADAR
SET XNIPPS-I3
NIGHT
OKSEKVATION
DEVICE
a
Xl0
FMFM 2-1
CLASSIFICATION
copy-a--
of -
mpwd
Isuq hedqwten
PLACE OF ISSUE
Drte/tme oi aUr
INTELUCENCE
Ref:
(a)
(b)
ESTIMATE (Number)
Mapandchm
Ocherpertant doamcnb
1. MISSION
State the laagned tuk and iia pupae.
2 THE AREA OF OPERATIONS
State mndahom tieh
a. QunctcMdo
(I)
exut md indiute the effect of theseconditionsODenemy capabdihu ad the amwed mston
of the Arcs of opmlim
wituyCggrphy
(I)
Tvwaphy.
(b)
Hydrwphy.
(e)
Qim.cc uld wwher.
(2)
TmwmWion.
(3)
T&.xamutu&~~n
(4)
Polilia.
(5)
Emnann
(4)
SW.
(7)
Sdence and tcdmoiog.

P*
umber
CLASSIFICATION
0.1
FYFM 21
Fii
13. RECONNAISSANCE
N-7. Example of Employment By P&a With Ov.rkpp@ Corcrag~
EMPLOYMENT
Fii
N-7 shows
the AN/PFSIS.
of pmpm employment of
b. .WOVEM&NT COUNT. The md., M be wed in

rszeolm-cc
to conduct I calm* of enemy movcmcnu,or
N.12
FMFM 21
W>ESES:
As darmd
DISTRIBUTION
P*gt number
CLASSIFICATION
0.3
FMFM 21
CLASSIFlCATION
(.)
CommItted loma
(b)
Rdafcacmmtr
(2)
CompauoP
(3)
l..%atbn Md pdtian.
(4)
Movemma md rcaticr
(5)
L&m=.
(6)
Opnti.?ml apabilig
(7)
scmoc~ly
lo lllurdt ml&
(8)
OpmtionJ upabilitiea of comhht
and OpcNO.md nbx of awmft

vurk
(9)
(10)
Eke-
(11)
Nudurmd
(12)
Aitdcfcme.
( 13) SIgNfi~t
(14)
intellie~.
CBR wupau.
Recentand pmccntd@imt
c Emnw Unm,wnw,mJ
(1)
c.
smwthr and waknmcd.

actwitiu.
and Psycholc-qcdWarfareSXuhm
Cvcrnllr
(2)
Prchdogiul
(3)
SubTtiolr
(4)
shm.
CLASSIFICATION
0.2
APPENDIX P
STANAG 2118 - INTELLIGENCE
ESTIMATE
DETAILS OF AGREEMENT
P-1
APPENDIX
TERRAIN
1. RESPONSIBILITY
(3,
STUDIES
ClimalleGmdlWa
FMF# 21
Amcr:
P&d Repat Form
IMPL!3dENTATlON Of THE AGREEMENT
R-1
FWFM 2.1
ANNEXA(DolA)TOSTANAC2M)3
(Edihon No. 3)
PATROL REPORT FORM
CLASVFICATION
PATROL REPORT
(Onut HudhdQ
(DESIGNATION OF PATROL)
TO:
Not Appliie)
(DATE)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MAPS:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . _..........._..
SIZE AND COMPOSITION OF PATROL
TASK
TIME OF DEPARTURE
TIYE OF HETURN
E.
ROUTES(OUT .4ND BACK)
F.
TERRAIN
G.
ENEMY
IL
L
J.
il.2
FMFM 21
CLASSIFICATION
K.
CONDfTION OF PATROL IYCLUDMC
DISPOSITION OF ANY DEAD OR WOUNDED
\t.
ADDITIONIIL REWARM RY I\TEKROGATOK
DISTRIBI:TIOY
hg
number
CLASSIFICATION
R-3
FMFh( 2.1
APPENDIX S
FORMAT
FOR VISUAL AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE

AND SURVEILLANCE PLAN
CLASSlFlCATlON
"MO
D.dy, commachq
Dd.y. BMNT co
EENT
VMO
Daily. commenang
Ddry. 0,x.x M hour.
HMNT to LENT
SpClhC
(Miidktownl
(Or) BY COMMAND OF.
Rank and Name
Siitum
NU0C
Rank ud Sema
Ckkfofsuff
EWU;:Offra,
APPENDIX
V&hi
Pinpoint
.
Fond
Fiiu9
O~&QX Run Phom
-La*ObmpePiupcantPho~ph
Fii
-Infd Imagcq
0.2
21
Fiim
U-2. I:S.OWl YerId
pinpunt
Photograph
Fll
VeIlid
PInpoInt
Photwwb.
FMFM 21
u-s
Fll
u-5.
vertiul
Photognpb
FMFM 21
FMFM 21
FMFM 21
u9
FMFM 21
Fii
M.
Low oblique PinPca Phsmpph
FMFM 21
If.11
FMFH 21
2,
c;
_::
Fii
-._
.-
..
7.
U-12 Xi&t Fhh Phol~b
0.13
u-14
FMFM 2.1
APPENDIX V
MINlMUM
BMkdW
SUbW
UC,&
i&Id
SCALES FOR VARIOUS NONCQNCEALED

MILITARY TARGETS
Wingspan
Undn JO I&
10 to 60 fee,
60 to LOO feel
Oar 100 feet
1110.Ooll
l/wMO
l/15.0+0
lIIO.000
I /2.000
113.000
1/*OOu
I/5.000
1/15.000
No Lirmt
l/lO.OOO
I/IO.OOO
1130.000
1110.000
I /30.000
I /2o.p00
l/10.000
l/IO.000
I/10.000
1110.000
1/20.000
l/5.000 and
Low Level Obbque
1115.000
113.000 md
Lox krcl Oblique
I/10.000
112.000 and
Low Level Oblqw
1/2.000 and
Low k.ei Obbque
1/5.000
l/2.000
1/10,000
1110.ooO
1110.000
1/10.000
1/15.000
1/10,000
1/25.000
l/15.000
l/5.000
115,000
i/5.000
l/lO.Ooo
l/S.wO
FVFW 21
wii,mlml scale
for ldentilic&m
l/5.000
1/3.000
l/8.000
I/5.000
1118,000
l/Il.OOO
1/3.000
l/M.OOO
1/15.000
1/20.000
1/20.000
1/15,000
wO.OOa
l/15.000
1/20.000
l/15.000
1/2%ooo
I/20.000
I/15,000
l/30,000
1/12.000
l/8.000
116.00~
116.000 and
Law Level ObbquC
L110.000
116.000
l/lO.OOO
1/10.01m
1/10.uO0
1/10.000
l/IO.MlO
1/10.ooO
l/lO.OOO
L/1O.W0
l/IO.MM
1/12.000
1,20.000
1,3.000
L,QWO
l/lO.WM
i/3o,OilO
l/30,000
l/YO.OOO
l/30.000
1130,OW
1/8.000
1/5.000
1/10,000
1/10,000
l/15.000
l/10.000
lrmlanenl 1n.t.uaucme
Far!4 ltwtaUabon3
Supply Dumps
l/2.000
112,uOO
l/15,000
l/10.000
1IwOO
IdMy
FMFM 21
Ybllmum SC&
ore&down
ocuil
for
Interpreuaal
t
0s.
1125.owl
00
1,KOOO
CA
orlwr
thvl 00
andMinor Comba C,aft
Steamdtip
1125.OQO
1,12.000
1/7.OfM
1,5.000 and
L.,r Level Oblique
1/20,000
l/20.000
1120.ooo
1/3o.ooo
1/15.0+0
1115,000
1130.000
v.3
JOINT
AIR
I.--U.&
.a_I-
-I_
Am.
RECONNAISSANCE/SURVEILLANCE
REQUEST
FORM
,c.u Yww*.,
*c<r.r
*.u
a_n-d*.
.I._
W-l
FIFM
21
INSTRUCTIONS
FOR COMPLETING
RECONNAISSANCE/SURVElLLANiE
JOINT
TACTICAL
REQUEST
AIR
FORM
L&n 0 . MAP REFERENCE . Selkxpkt.t.xy.
Be gpcak and compbte.
Lit P . TARGET COORDINATES . Circle type of cooduuta lllcd and Mdtute gctuJ coordmatea
Line Q . TARGET CATECORY/EEI . Circle tbc .ppmpr,,te utegoty md btdtuk the dcsurd EEI by rkctmg tk numbet(,)
fmm the kget Bat utegmy bdow. Eumpk: If (he o& EEI dated for M anidd ia Acttwy: Number. type. .nd louttm of
urmff &de tugat category1 and vnte tk ktter A m tbe spacefollowing tk word Aufkd. If 111of tbe EEI lbted in
I ,pedk Wgt utegoy arc damd, cwk the .ppropri.te tatget c.te~wy utd wtk Aff in tbs EEI blkb, If EEI otkr tbk
that Itsted Ia d&ted. kBute the number comamdlnn to ths wotd other under tk target cgtegotyand then lpcctf~ the de.
A
EEL Ekmpk: 1 AbReld l/BDA
CATEGORY 1 . AIRFIELD
CATEGORY 4
A.
B.
C
0.
E.
E
G.
K
L
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
L
Actkty:
Numkr. type. and loutton of urenf,.
Runwgy~: Numkt. onmtahon, utd s.ttfke type.
Taxkay nd pukmg .wu: Locrtion. mnfgurrttoh
PDL: Number.rtz. and locphon.
Ammwuhm rtongc areas: Yumkr and loerttk.
Hangam: Number. ape. and type mnrtruetton.
EkcDmtc facdtka: Numkr. type. and Ioutmn
Defmses: Number. type. and locapon.
Utber (specify).
DEPENSIVE PfK/STRONCPT/CUN
Tvpe and azc of puttion or fotttfkation

Typ wrgporu: Numkr.
fk centrd system.
Supporbngpcattons.
Ttvlsportatton .ccek
Routesof mgtut and egrek
Nature of stnarndmg tetmm md fdiage hmen
Acktty.
Other (rpeufy)
CATEGORY 2 . ARMOR/ARTYfTROOPS/VEIiICLES
CATEGORY 5 - ELECTRONIC SITE
A.
8.
c
D.
E.
f.
G.
A.
B.
c.
D.
E.
Tyg-6: Infktty. annot, cngIneenng. wtdIety. etc.

Numberami type of rehides
Nmbu add type of amwr.
Numberad type of rttdkryy.
Achnty: Dttctlon of movement.dug tn. 6,~
Tenun: Deacnphon.
Otkr(spwfY).
Type of site. Wiaowwe t&y, EWICCT. ctc

Anteku: Number md type.
.\loMk or pefmaknr
Rbnary kddmp axl supportequlpmnt
Acttray.
H. Other tspeafy)
CATEGORY 3 . BRIDGE
CATEGORY 6 . HARBOR/PORT FACILITIES
A. Purpcme:Food. rad. etc. over tad. 6,~
R.
c
D.
E.
F.
G.
H
L
TyyplSupport: Dock. through, etc., ham. truss.ck

Co~tntction:
Wdad. steel coderete. mMDdty.
Pkrs abuttknts, add gp~eacks Cdktntchon
Numkroflpnr
Lewtb aad kdtbfhagbt if ar&tckt)
Numkr of LMa/trgch
Bypwa in vtcmity of btidg.
Activity.
I. O&et (4-b)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
L
Type port: Mmdmc or inknd wgtengy.

Achvtty: For example. rhtppmg(nttmbet and type)
&ttbng kd catgohkdkg iwkier
POL fxdRies: humbcr, type. and luaua
StoRg Pcilibu
Sbiilnddlng and RPUI hakia.
Ttvuportattott.
Defeaacs
Omcr (rpeufy)
w.3
FMFM 21
he
Q . TARGET CATECORYlEEt
(mntuued)
CATEGORY 7 . INDUSTRIAL SITE
CATEGORY II
A.
B. Sire of areas
C. Building,: N,mbu. size. md con&uct~on.
A. Typ: Nudes. coJ. OIL hydmekctnc. etc.

Et. Skt uld mwrmction
C Boikr/gme~ton: Number md location.
D. TRlufmnw yard: Si and IouUm.
E Golbsgtown:
Numba
F. Pemmck/turUne oulkt (bydrcckctnc&
G. ActMy.
H. DefL Outer (swify).
D.
E.
F.
G.
If.
L
Opsl rbrw.: Qunw

by type.
Actlnly.
T,.wptaUon
facditkr
Sourceof 9ow.s.
Defema
Outer fapcdfy).
CATEGORY 12 . RAILROAD YARD
CATEGORY 8 . LOC
A.
B.
C
D.
E
F.
G.
CATEGORY 9 . YIL INSTALLATION/STORAGE
AREA
Typ: Ck.iKuwn.
tw.ir. other.
CIlolu*oblt to ehoke*t
Lagtb and ndtb:
Numberoftndrr
F.&tkx
Repair hop. muudboucr. o&w.
Ro3blg1toek
Defmw.
06.x fqectfy~
CATEGORY 13 . SHmS
A, Fun&,n: Amembty. adma buraclu depot etc.

B. Ach,,,y:
of rchkka ailor Paul*.
c si of IR. (appmimlrL).
D. Numhr of buddti:
PredOmm~t mrut2ttctio only.
E Storage:
F. Trmqttadon:
Rodr. nil other.
A.
B.
C.
D.
G. Def-
G. Other +.zify~
and-la.Uon.
K Otkr
. POWER PRODUCTION FACILITY
Ckm/w&wmbcr.
Headir&ovement
Na!imaMty.
ld&ifiaion
(name/LD. number).
B. cupa
F. Aclivily.
(smfy).
CATEGORY 14 . OTHER
CATEGORY 10 . M1SSlL.ESITE
A. Type: Idmulcahon.
B. Lunch site: Mot&/fixed
numba of pad& CON@X+
mksiks.el%
G. A&w.
K DefL Otkx (specify).
W.4
FMFM
FMFM 21
NATO JOINT
TACTICAL
AIR RECONNAISSANCE/SURVEILLANCE
MESSAGE FORMAT
I
h FORMAT:
USESTANDARD MESSAGE FORM HEADING
(See N.Jw
FORMAT (Not to be Traneattted)
EXAMPLE MESSAGE
Air Recu RequwT&
AIR RECCE REQUEST.
AIr.ys ltut of me.
L ORIGINATORS REQUEST SBRLU NUMBER E,d, o,igin.mr k gven L

ktter pnctix to tdcattfy the rqw,tk,g headqutcn f&wed by the request
number in aqwncc, commcaary: mth the umber wlc. foresdl moom in the
Pear.Requestsvdll be Rkd in nume&aI quaoc by month.
L. T 1215.
.M TYPE OF RECONNAISSANCE. State type of rwx rcquvcdud tedmiul

detaik for the execution of the .ir ,ennn,i.mca. Thk paragraphhwid be
kft bknk u&u the orisirutor fuUy understuh the c+bIIitia
ud Ihat,
horn of die type of -liau11os
wukbk to akfy hk nqunemcn
M. VERTICAL..
N. MAP SERIES. SHEET NUMBER. AND EDITION NUMBER Oms to dw

large raktg of m.p wed bodz in tnining and openliam by n*hau the&
dewbmutbegtvmmtidl
N. r\745 SHEET 4102. EDITION 2.
0. DFSCRIFTION OF TARGET AND MAP REFERENCES. So u m lure dw

recipient of the zquwt in no doubt of the rquremcnb. it k nccemw to KNC
m exact Iwtiai
or area. In the caseof obhque, dx NEAR boundaryof the
area to be photographedand the din&m
from wiGd~photasnph s dcsued
wII be stated. If GRID referenceLI wd.rt&
gId type (u.. CT&l. GEOREF,
ctr). odwwke state ktitude md lon@ulc to tk nexut mnute.
0. AREA OF WOOD PU 658971.

CROSSROADS PU 792971.
RAIL BRIDGE PU 791724.
ROAD JUNCTION PU 6(11721.
important
dmt
P. OBJECT OF THE REQUEST AND RESULTS DESIRED. It I

of the request k rtated k order tb*t dw most utkfactory
raulb m,y be pmdured. (Refer to STANAC 25% whrc apphbk.)
IJW
exact
pupm
Q. PHOTO SCALE OR LIMITS ACCEPTABLE. Whmcw pasiblc, ti he&v,

&add be f&d in on the &tea of a photoamphk intqreter. The ale
dlmdd be quotul in hynu(y.
1:B,Boo to 1:12,B%).
R. NUMBER OF PRINTS, PLOTS. OR REPORT3 REQUIRED. T&
eXDkd the nmbcr wtu@
rC,thd. If phoP
ufB.x, prhb houId mat be ot.Je,ed.
&add
PHOTO.
t:
UTY GRID.
P. SUSPECTED MISSILE SYSTEM.
p.1:10,000.
R TEN PRINTS AND 2D PHASE

INTERPRETATION.
w-6
FMFM 2.1
EXAMPLE MESSAGE
S. HEADQUARTERS AFCENT
1517OOZ JUN.
T. 12002 17JUN.
U. NIL
V. 14 SQN. ONE F.4.
..
. . . .._........_............
SiiNR
or Requutlng Officer
_.................__.._.............
Rank. Poohc.n
.,.....................
Siiaturc of ApprovrngOfficer
. .. ... ....... ....................

Rank. Poiton
w-7
3.
MlSSION
BRIEFING
5.
INFLIGHT
6.
YISSION
7.
ELINT
ELINT
REPORTING
REPORTING
REPORTING
PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE
PHOTO
MERPR~ATION
REPORTING
PROCEDURE
X.1
FMFM 21
PMFMZI
FORM 1
FRON
1.
TOT
f-TJ
REQUEST
EJTOT
NSER
(Orwinator'sl
R/S
2.
TYPE
3.
PSOTOGRRPHIC
4,
MRp/CSART
When
Applicable)
REFERENCE
fTJ
AAns
D
SERIES
ACIC
SHEET
DATE
NANE/NO.
EDITION
5.
TARGET
m
6.
LCCATION
OTHER
NO.
WLAT-LOG
CATEU)RIES
w
C
D
N*w.xANO
OR SOONDARIES
"TM GRID
TARGET
AIRFIELD
BOMB DAMAGE
BOMB DAMAGE
BEACH
ASSESSMENT
ASSESSNSNT
(Conventional
(Nuclear1
COASTAL RECONNAISSANCE
ELECTRONIC SITE
El
INDUSTRIAL
SITE
CENTER
R
MISSILE SITS
RAILROAD STRIP
ROAD JUNCTION
SHIPPING
TROOP/VESICLE
ACTIVITY
OTHER
Ii
T
x
z
7.
DESIRED
SCALE
8.
SPECIAL
INSTRUCTIONS
x.3
fMfM21
EXPLANATORY
JOINT
TACTICAL
AIR
NOTES
RECONNAiSSANCE/SURVElLLANCE
BRlEFlhC
FORM
(FORM
I)
1. TUT
A. ORICM,4TlIRS
REQUEST NUMBER
S&.expkn~to~.
8. TOT. Tiib~n-tar@
k the 0.d~ Baling in tbk Mock dna it k ahci&wed Uut this cud mll be generally wed for mis
don of m immediate alIn?.
2 TYPE Of RECONNAlSSANCElSURVEILLANCE
Lit the pnmry mode fit and an), w!dtthd
Example: Mdt&nur mirion dakiagok.ckomc GIPQM~
wth photonand SLAR would red CBG.
coveng tukuquent
I MAPfCHART REfERSNCE SERIES AND SHEET NUMBER It k mqurrhve that Lk .&et,.,,, h mde cku and k cc+,,pa~bk. Thk m.y pmaent probkm, in the loflight bncPmgunkm tlw cdk.cbm mt u famdkr rtth the tnticiprti mapa,huts
usedby the lequatel.
3. TARGET LOCATION OR BOUNDARIES The exact caofdkateaof the cwcngc requited rather thancads read coordinatu
dumbing me pproxtm.te n. uncn5 lxquucd 6hodd be gwcn
7. SCALE AND LLWITS ACCEPTABLE. Sdf~xpJmtory. SC&Y of air mconwmunct phatcqphy clam&d aa fdlow.: yerg
large a&. 1:6,030 md lugtr: ht3e sch. 1:6.WO to 1:12063: medium s-k, 1:12000 to 1:30,000: m,U wk. 1:30,000 to
1:7O,OOO:mdre,7 small sch. 1:70,000 and malkr.
X.4
FORM 2
JOINTTACWIAL. AIR RECONNAlSSANCFXiURVEILLA~CE
INFLIGHTREPORT
(FLIGHTREP)
x-5
21
EXPLANATORY
JOINT
TAfZTICAL
AIR
NOTES
RECONNAISSANCE/SURVEILLANCE
INFLIGRT
REPORT
(FORM
2)
FMFM 21
JOINT
TAfZTICAL
FORM
ELINT
INFLICHT
REPORT
(JTEIR)
2.
0riginrtorb
requatnumhr
3.
Tmget loation
4,
The
5.
of
Cmt
agbtinslitertept
,dmofic.tion
(nichme)
RF
b. PRF
E. PD
d. SCAN
e. SP
f. RELIABlWTY
..
6.
7.
Wuthcr
remrb
FMFM 2.1
RXPLUUTORYNOTE3
JOINT TACTICAL ELINT INFLIGHTRRPORT(FORM 3)
x-3
FMFM 21
FORM 4
MlSSlON REPORT
(MISREP)
CLASlFlCATION
PRECEDENCE
ORIGINATING AGENCY
ACTION ADDRESSEES
SECUIUTY CLASSIFICATION/CODE WORD OR NICKNAME
MISREP(Nmhr)DATETIME
CROUP(GMT)/MONTH/YEAR
BODY
I. AIR TASK/MISSION NUMBER OR NICKNAME
iniRdion of the mmxm.
Referencetk requestwmber. fmg otdcr number.or directwe cmaing
CL4SSDX4TION
x.9
FMFM 21
FORM
JOINT
TACTICAL
5
ELINT
REPORT
UTER)
7. Ermtteremployment
Enuttu dlurCteMdca
rfw
b PRF
c PD
d SCAN
c- SP
x.10
FMFM 2.1
EXPLANATORY
JOINT
TACTICAL
ELINT
NOTES
REPORT
(FORM
5)
x-1 1
FMFM 21
FORM 6
INIT'IAL
PHOTO INTERPRETATIONREFORT(lPIR).
SUPPLEMENTAL PHOTO INTERPRETATIONREPORT (SUPIR).
AND
MULTIMISSIONIMAGERY PHOTO INTERPRETATIONREPORT (MIPIR)
GbkLhe
Rd
Fro,,,:
To:
mc
RCYllCdCr
BT
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
UNCLASSIFIEDIINO3322//
SECTION 01 OF 01 SECTIONS
IPIR:123RTS SERUVOlS7
PRJ: RD MSNJ198A
DTZz733227W
IMAGE QUALITY RANGE WAS GOOD TO EXCELLENT. EIGHT OF TWELVE OF THE COLLECTION
REQUIREMENTS WERE SATISFIED.
(B)
PARTI.
(F)
NO EVIDENCE OF SURFACETO.SLJRFACE MISSHES OR RELATED ACTIVITY WAS NOTED.

VEHICULAR AND TROOP MOVEMENT ACTIVITY IS VERY LIGHT. NO ANTIAIR ACTIVITY OR
RWCTIONS TO THE RECONNAISSANCE PLATFORM WERE ORSERVFB.
(G)
PART II.
(H)
(I)
(I)
6)
(L)
(Mb
(H)
(I)
(1)
6)
0,)
MISSION HIGHLIGHTS
SIGNIFICANT RESULTS
A. PBRISHABLB ITEMS
ITMW1:0213-033YY
CAT:83WB
AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT
CTY:LA211929N1061934E
MRG:
UTM:
REQ:
AI
NRG:
STA:TRN
AOB:
3301 CONF PA-23
IN FLIGHT HDG NORTHEAST
IMR:
PAN FRM:IOlWOl2
URG.
ADhE A0 CL BB
FRM:
TDT:1033Z
B. NEW 77EMS
ITMSO2:0213UVwo6
CAT:87200
PURTBE SAM SITE
CTV%A210815N1033619
UCM:16TSU21357Y3Y MRG:
REQ:
STAUCO
DRSdL0 SITB IS BEMG ESTABLISHED APPROX ON&HALF RM FROM THE BANR OF THE
RBD RIVER S7TE CONSISTS OF SIX RVTD PSNS IN A STAR FORMATION. FULL DESCRIFTION
NOT YET POSSIBLE. NO EQUIPMENT EXCEPT FOR CONSTRUCTION AND GROUND FORCE
RELATED WAS IN THE AREA
X.12
I
FMPM 21
6)
(0)
W)
(1)
(1)
._.
W)
(L)
CFW:
(AN)
(
IMOB CONF DUMP TRUCR

0961 CONP W7
CRANE
M)ol PROB A.2 TRACTOR
(eon)
IMR:
AID:C A0 SC SH BB
PAN FRM:976.986
URG:
TOT:10392
CHANGE AND OB ITEMS
1TM603:021~23.51
CA1:WlOO
WATERTON BARRACKS ARW
RRO:4AO2316
CTY:LA2216wN10S3612B
VIM:
MRG:XYZ
Al NAC DQ El236
NRG:NDA64@314/S
7.50102
RMK:PRRVlOUSLY RBPORTRD U/l ARMORED EQUIPMEN HAVE NOW BEEN IDRNTlFIRD
AS SWG.99 TANKS
CFWzARRA A-RBGT AREA
0103 CONF SWCB99 TANK
0092 CONF MR12 TRUCR
002 CONF MT.3 CRANE
ONE CRANE PKD NEXT TO LOADING DOCK
GFW:AREA ERECT AREA
NAC DQ B1236
7.50102
CFW:ARRA CREGT AREA
NAC UP 298A
741299
AM:AREA
NAC UP 2OBA
141209
LUR:
URGc?.34118
PAN FRM:SBO. 490516
mo
CL aa
FRM:135138
,TOT:102SZ
lDC:221615N1053O4.SE MPR:
EQM:
sT.i:oPR
) Shorn for expla&aIl
only. L!m ldmtifiutim
LItlot dlom on ULwlId
llbcss@.
X.13
FMFM 21
EXPLANATORY
INITIAL
SUPPLEMENTAL
AND
MULTIMISSION
NOTES
PHOTO
INTERPRETATION
REPORT.
PHOTO
INTERPRETATION
REPORT
IMAGERY
PHOTO
(FORM
INTERPRETATION
(SUPIR),
REPORT
(MIPIR)
6)
FMFW 2,
I
(D)
General Mkaon Statement
[ f
I
NEG.
uco.
cmf.
UNK.
NOP.
X-16
FMFM 2.1
x.17
FMFM 21
AOB.
CFW.
ELC
AAA
DMY.
OBJ.
FMFM 2.1
CL
SC
HC
HA
Cku
Su:tereddoud6
Hewydcub
Haze
FMFM 21
FMFM
CLASSlFlCATlON
HfxDMC
PRECEDENCE
ORIGMATlNG AGENCY
ACTION ADDRESSEES
INFORMATlON ADDRESSEES
SRCURITY CLASSIFICATTrON/CODEWORD OR NICKNAME
,fOTP,fOTORRP(Nw,ak,~AT~TD(EGROUP(GMT),kfONTH/YE~
-BODY
AIR TASK/MfSSfON NUMBER OR NICKNAME
Ylialica of lile LOCATION IDENTIFIER
Referen& he rcquat number,frw a&r number.ordirectivc cawmg
Targetmmbm, lmc number. rppmd
twetduimdcdident
or codinrta
of the ta@ or
dwwbanrnpabd
T,MR PHOTOS/IMAGERY TAKEN. Report IS tama by d&edme wup unw GMT u&n othcmr
dimted
RESULTS. Tbb ifnn lhoufd Cmtnia L emwiselPtemenl about Ihc xbrity or objecttlut rppcm m UK maqxy.
-TYPE OF COYERAGE AND EXPOSURE NUMBERS. State tk type of bwuy
loobimgndu)adfmnecrpaucnumba(if~Luble).
obtabxd (a&. ophut photo. ulfrucd. u&
UALITY AND SCALE OF IMAGERY. Stats d quJity u good. fair. poor. and appmxhnetemk of imlgry.
PERCENTAGE OF TARG!Jf COYRRAGE. State arwcmmtc puant of exene
puaa& 10 I&n?.
(ea.. 75 percent.etc.). U covcng I 100
opwml1tem
APPENDIX
Y
SAMPLE SENSOR OPERATORS RECORDING
FORMS
1.
Z-1
2.
POCKET SIZE
Y-2
FMFY 2.1
Line
-
No.
JRSR/R
SENDER-ID
SEQNO
BBBBBBBBBB NNNN
TYP-REPIREQ
AAABBBBBBBBB
MAP-REFERENCE
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
TITLE
3
4
5
6
CLASS
A
RELEASBLY
AA
DOR
YNNNNN
ENVIR/OPNA.((E
BBBBBBBUBBBBB
ISGREFERENCB
TITLE
AAABBBBBBBBB
SENDER-ID
BBBBBBBBB
SENSORSTRING-DATA
DE STR-NO TYPSEN
NN AANNNA AA
DE
NN
BATLlF
NNNN
RCVRY
AN
SEQNO
NNNN
GHAN-ID
NNNBNN
STR-LOC
ABBBBBBBBBBBBBBA
CALLCHAN
NNNNNNNNN
SUPPORT-REQUIREMENTS
TGT.TYP TGT.LOC
AAAAAA ABBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
DOR
NNNNNN
REMDAT
NNNNNN
RLY-REQ
A
IMPLDAT
NNNNNN
SENSORSTRINC.DATA-REMARKS
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
DWDT
NNNNNNA
COMMENTS
FMFM 2.1
GENERAL
SPECIAL
Lhe2:
LheQ:
Line6:
INSTRUCTIONS
INSTRUCTIONS
FieLdl,
TYP.REP/REQ. hdbte
Fad 2,
MAP-REFERENCE. Indiute map ucd to dctuudnc tl~ loatbn
Fildl,
TITLE. Title
whtch kind of JRWR
of-
b b&q sat (cd., impllat rctmrt).
referenced.
F&d 2,
SENDER-ID. Sender ID of mawe
Fkld 3,
SEQNO. 5eqmw
Field 4.
DOR. Date of mcsqe referenced.
Field 1.
DE. bed to cardate data cntacd on lina 6. I, and 8.
Field 2.
STRNO. Assgn , number withii that &ah

foibamn#rules
refumed.
numberof -
referenced.
b&k
of numben. Stnng number entered .cc.xdii
Saw, Stmq Identi(iutica.
S&in3 Data:
0100
i ;
STATUS OF STRING
STRING NUMBER
X -
to
IL_----_ ?&NO,LMPLANTlNC
COMPONENT
__-_____
COMPONENT
Gmlponent: A (Army)
St&u of stnw:
N (NW)
T (Air
M (Muine)
FLld 3.
P
A
s
D
(P*nncd)
(Active)
(sitited)
(Abandoned)
TYP.SEN. Type of -
IR (Infrucd)
C (C.,mrmndrble)
A
(Amusttc)
w (Ma@lctic)
EM (Ekctromw~cttc)
Field 4.
GHAN-ID. Chmd
Fad 5,
STR.LOC. coordhut~ of ~CMOIhag map from tine 2. Field 2.
ud ID of YMOI.
2-I
f
Uwl:
Lmphnkbon.
Fidd 6.
lMFUlAT.Aetud date of -
Fi&l.
DE. Sea lbu 6. Fidd 1.
Fad 2.
BATLfF. Banay Iife in bourn of YNOD impl.nted.
Fidd 3.
RCVRY. fteae
FMd4.
CAfACffAN.
mde of Iu&wmbk 8eamn.

GU dutmd.
Field 5.
FkU 7.
I
L&9:
Fiil.
Fidd 2.
Fii
Une10:
3.
Fieldl.
SPECIFIC
INSTRUCTIONS
1. NOTUXATION
UC
"f&n:
REPORT.
FOR
INDIVIDUAL
Subrmttsl
MESSAGE
when remote -
aeta
TYPES
arc cslmwd for emplrccment.
AawliUble lbw and fielda
. Line
1: stiud.
Line 2: Field 1, TYP-REP/REQ. Enter NOTREP. Flcld 2. UAP.REFERENCE.
Lhc3: Field 1. ,MSG.REFERENCE. This seeMn s d
implM~ntl[lo. ltwxdc..
l., tdenhfy
the prtvloua JRSRlRh
to whxh
plmcd
Line 4z ;uI fields M .ppliuble.
. Lim5:
Field 1. SENSOR-STRING-DATA. llh sectiongtv* the pmpord loawn
and hlnctmsticl
of the
Fielda am qpliabk.
. Liltel:Mfieldsue.pf!4i&.
Lbm 10: Fkld 1. COMMENTS.
2.3
FMFM Z-1
IJne 2: Fkld 1. TYP-REPIREQ. Enter IMPREP: Fkld 2. MAP-REFRRRNCE.

Line J: Field 1. MSG.REFERENCE. -l-hlhL
lcdm
referencesthe NOTREP whkh did
of +I
f.x tmpkmmutioe
. Lhe4zAufkkbue&kabk.
. Lbe5: Fkid
1. SENSORSTRlNGDATA.
l%k ectkn povida the loatioll .nd dumctaistks of the unpknted LMDI
ebiq. (If there UC no chwa from the NOTREP nfemwd in fina 3 ud 4. thk IIIrction ma, be omittcd.J
laina 6 and 7: If line 5 (SENSOWTllINCDATA)
k induded. alI Rddr UC ppbble:
Lime
lo:
Fkkl 1. COMMENTS. If the SENSORSTRlNC-D.4T.4 NOTIFICATION must be entered hue.
from ulotba. Can appl9 to suchalppert a#
standud.
. Line 2: Field 1. TYP-REP/REQ. Enter %JPREQ;Pidd
Line
3:
Field 1. MSGREFERENCE.
far whkb supportk requested.
Linc4:
J.MAPJIEFERENCE.
Thk sctmn wdl idcnbf9 tbc NOTREP 01 IMPREP whkh dambed the I)CMO~strw
AJIfkLdsutqplkable.
LimB:
Field 1. SUPPORT-REQUIREMENTS. Thk sechon u wed to idmtif9 the typ

.ppmnmlt~ dnrq or Lxatm~ nquakd. and the deeucddate of their impknWi.m.
. Line
9:
Lint10:
Lbul.
. Line
2:
omit thw linea
k omitted. UK cnay NO CHANGE FROM
3. SUPPORT REQULST. Submitted wi,en one smialoomrmod wcdr -ee

moautonns.rrk9 of t&o. etc. AppKubl. Lina and f&la are Y fdkww
Lincl:
othcdw
An f&
+aseO ~tlclpltcd.
the
for xhkh titocir.3
UC .pplkabk.
Field 1,COMMENTS.
standard.
Field 1. TYP.R!dP/REQ. Enter MONTERMREP; Find 2. MAP&EFERENCR.
Lme
5: Fiild1.SENSORSTRLNGDATA.
link me&on mll be ted to dusnbc tbc axme urt,
1w)kngu required.
L&6:
STREIO. Enter~pplkabksetngnumbss.
. Lime10: Ficld 1. COMM!XTS. Ents the d&s ud msC tb.t moxitwiw wi stop.
3. .MONITOR CHANGE REPORT. S&meted
tIMd~.Thaf&WlCglitWMdd~~:
. Lblel:
b9 Use tambution
daamt
mmpMIcnt *ha
rww@bW
fa -
s&ndud.
FMFMZ-1
Line 2: Field 1, TYP.REP/REQ. EnterMONCHGRKP; Field Z.MAF.RKFERKNCE.
6. REMOVAL REPORT. Submitted when remote Linel:
. Line 2:
*
u)sta UC remwed. The folkwins lhw .nd fklda .m appihbk:
sfuulud.
Field 1. TVP-REP/REQ. Enter REMREP; Field 2. MAPJlEFERENCE.
. Line 5: Fkld l.SENSORSTRMCDATA.

rcmwd.
This aeetion wdl be wed to dmmbe the remote -
ametathat we bema
Line6:AUfield1ue.pp4iabk.
Line
7
Line lo:
Field 1. DE: Field 5. REM-DAT: ud Field 7. SENSORSTRINC-OATA-REMARKS.

Field 1. COMMENTS.
2.5
FMFhi 2.1
f
Line
No.
TITLE
SENREP
STR-NO
AANNNA
/
.
SENDER-ID
BBBBBBBBBB
TIME
XNNNA
NNNB
ETA.LOC
ABBBBBBBBBBBBBBA
COMMENTS
SEQ.NO
NNN
TCT.TYP
AAAAAA
CLASS
A
SUB.TYP
AAAAAA
RELEASBLY DOR
AA
NNNNNN
SPD
NNNBAAA
DIR
AAA
ENVIR/OPNAME
BBBBBBBBBBBBB
COL-LGTH
NNNBAAA
ETA
XNNNA
AA.1
FMFM 2.1
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
llzSENREP in usedto dkemirutc
.x,.x
de&cd iaforavtia,,.
SPECIALINSTRUCTIONS
L&Z:
Fkidl,
STRNO. Amgll . number witbbl that amice,

Itdn# of renwte k 4. folbrn:
block
of n&n
Suuor Skbw Identtfk&oa
St&
STATUS OF STRING
o/o0
X-
Tile numba d3ned
to.
plmculu
Dm:
COMPONENT
MONITORLNC COMPONENT
Component: A (Army)
swuor
stnw:
N (Nary)
T (Air
M (uuine)
Linc3:
Lbw4:
M-3
Fidd 2.
TIME. Tbe tnne tbu tq#
Ftt3.
QTY. The numberof tugeu of the typu in Ficb
P
.4
s
D
(Plumed)
(Actlve~
(sbntited)
(Abandoned)
WL)detected(DTC).
7 tiut ue detected.
Fdd 4.
TGT.TYP. The general@et tnc detected.
Fkld5.
SUE-TYP. liw spuifts tqet
Field
SPD. The eshmued rpnd of detected twqt (ea., 30 MPH).
Field 7.
DIR. The dbwtton of rnovcmcnt

, detectedtqct
6.
wbty~e detected.
bw t&en.
Field S.
COL.LGTH. The estbnued Ien& of the mbmtn detectedby I 8trw of rwwfc =WD.
FieldI.
ETA.LOC. A Ioatfon of I movw tarset.
Fbdd2.
ETA. ~hc U&&MI
Ficldl.
COMMENTS.
time I detected met
wdl MIW at the loation m lint 3. Field 1.
FMFM 2-1
APPENDIX
AB
SAMPLE SENSOR SURVEILLANCE
PLAN
CLASSIFICATION
lsuulq liudqlurten
FPO. ADDRESS
Date
TAS A &it,.,,
,o 0pnh.m
S,,,.edI.,,ec P,,n) to APPENDIX - (Remnnaw.na .nd Survedknc+Plan) to ANNEX E (INTELLIGENCE)

PLn No. -
I. ( ) SITUATION
Py number
CLA?.SiFlCATION
ALL1
FMFM 2.1
d.
e.
f.
6
4. ( )
CLAWFKATION
Mt.2
FMFM 2.1
Yhn) to APPENDIX - (Reoonnruua ce &mlSuned.
ENCLOSURE 1 &mot Empbymnt P&n) te TAB A (Seam S&a

h.x Plan) to ANNEX B (INTELLIGENCE) to Opmtion flan No. -
NUMBER
.
YNlOlP
TYPE
SENSOR
GHAN/ID
RECOVERY
CODE
CALL
C!Z
TF90033240
9442/31
N/A
N/A
TP90393140
0124/27
A-3
N/A
SM
IPB9753330
0442139
B-i
N/A
TPB94.53433
OL24,Ol
NIA
N/A
3. (The gcncmlfomut for Itlay infomuhon is fouom:)

-TYPE
- LOCATION
EXRAY
TP71202629
- REC CHAN
- XMIT CHAN
0124
0370
NOTES
CL.ASSlFICATlON
AB.3
FMFU 2-1
CLASSIFlCATfON
fzElh# Hedquuan
FPO, ADDRESS
CLKBFlCATION
AR4
FMFM 2.1
CLASSIFICATION
lmuulqHedqurten
FPO. ADDRESS
ht.2
ENCLOSURE 3 (Smm Rcwta aid Rewms Pmdum) to TAB A (Scnux Suneillmoe Plan) to APPENDIX - (Rwmws.
MQ md Sweh
Plan) to ANNEX B (INTELLIGENCE) to Opntie,, PI,,, No. -
CLASSIFICATION
FMFM 2.1
APPENDIX
AC
SCAMP REMOTE
SENSOR
EQUIPMENT
1. The follow,3 ,tem. of remotesnor cQYlpmetaxe.v.dabk in the SCAMP:

NOMENCLATURE
COMMON NAME
NWSQWW
BASS Vm
Pwclt&
EventRecorder
EXRAY
DIRlD
MlNlslD
DSID
AAU
MACID T-4
ADSfD INS)
ADSID III(N)
AN/USQ46A
RO376A
AN/GRQJI
AN/cs0-171
AN;GS&S4AW)
ANICSQ-1590)
DT333/GSQ
DTWWSQ
WGSQ-176
2. FoIlwang L a bnef dwwtton
QUANTITY
3
40
20
40
40
180
446
60
60
171
of eachitem of c+npment:
a. AN/USQWV),
BASS Van. I%e BASS Im u a centi momtormufxdity wed by a SE.5 to molutor mmotc setwon.
opabtlity indudu moni:oM3 Of 246 sensomon up to 3 cbuul&. and L cal&muNcatmRpael vntb an SB-22 WitdIbMrd. and
3 VHF mdi.s. The IUI ia tmqmtd
on an M54 or MS5 buck u,d Is hcbcapter.@.nsponable.It rtpuim 208...,lt. 6Oqde.
2.phepouaordlipboudpnrp:
AC-l
AC-2
FMFM 2.1
APPENDIX AD
SIJGCESI-ED
FORM FOR TARGET ANALYSIS
CLASSWICATION
TARGETANALYSIS
.
1.SITUATION
AND COURSE OF ACTION
a. Sitwatsonof Oppmng Forca

(1)
Enemy LtuMion. Include infomul3o11that wdl ab3in tatget andyme.
(2)
Friendly Situatio~p lnd&
mf-boa
that will abi in att.ckq
the tar@.
b. Tar@ Charactcnshcs
(1)
Target Deacnption fndldude

trp (pusand. rmtuiel. tenam fcrtuw). numberof pcmnnd. quvltly of matend.
and aotmty.
AD.1
FMFM 2-1
CLASSIFICATION
(3)
(5)
(6)
e.
Meam of Attadc. Note dl rv&bk typa of fmpom

thetupet:&wn&~&abkddiveq-inudkcu.
and rtqukcd amounu wxth which it would be pnctiul to &tad;
2. ANALYSIS OF MEANS OF ATTACK

mium the effect of e.a& muan of attab on the tawt dwactctwi~(w.
(pa Id). For ueh meau of ttadc. include:
a. htb,,
lb). taw,ctu+iitia
(par. 1~). and other facton
of anta of lmpct rhkh *11 obtain grated effect; indude @mum heightof bunt for nudw we.pom_
b. Effect of m&bk
c. Estimate of c-
aupplr WC.
casdffa
ml nutcIicl dalwe.
d. Fdimute of dviliut u*ulth.
e. E&huh of ob#ade# muted.

f. Prca~~farat?ootrmp
6
-Note: nleaMiy~ofadl-ofanuknuyhahomlnMuulu.
3. COMPARETON OF MEANS OF ATTACK
S,,,,,i,,,,.m the ,,,,t,m,d@
promoaofarcoa.
,dva,tyca md dimhntqca
of e.da -
of attadr anddetcmhe which offm the grcatut
4. DECISION OR RECOMMENDATION
a. Typeuidaduwlmtofthpower~deliwb. Unit(~)tofirc.
e. Gridrrf-~rltimdeofd~~ofimps.hof~rbcnlpptiabk.
d Timeofrttack
c. s8fetyprmutim*~o%udiMmsumi~~
f. Methodfadetemhhw~llulydr
Pagelumba
cLAsSfFlcATmN
AD-2
FMFM 2.1
1.
Appliubk ordersof hi&
Whonty and dowfnal publk.at&~~
2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

3. SSSENTL4L ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION
a. PupLwe.
b. Appbabii
of EEI of bqhn and ad~rant commanden
e. Specific typa of kform.hon to be np.ntcd on. continumgbaas.

4. INTELLIGENCE TASKS
c. Acnal Rceonrubw cc ud Suweilknce. Rcaponabilihu, procedureafor feqwdmg and eonbolling. commuruutknr and
reports.
d. AirspaceRecommiance and surveilJame.suboldbutc unit lxpmwlbililiu,
nporting of loertionr and cweqe
e. Briefmgami Debrkfinq.
5. MEASURES FOR HANDLING
PERSONNEL. CAPTURED DOCIJMENTS. AND MATERIEL
L. Enemy RiDnem Se~-tiohmi~lod~nt~~~~~h~of-at~

b. Esapn
and Ewkm.
Handlbq and tntetq.tke
L clptlned Documents. Repoe

fmmdonF4kmswsoc~
.rd diitioa.
mpon&&,
d. CapturedMatukl. Curding. reportin& dkpwition. md puti&
of tit
intclupnce offt-
.nd handI& of documents
typa de&cd.
c. SOW&
c.
AL1
PMFM 2-l
APPENDIX AF
LIST OF REFERENCES
1. JOINT PUBLICATIONS
JCS Pub 1. Dcwtmcntd
kfuuc Dictwuq of Mtlituy .t,d A,w,actcd Tenm

,CS Pub 2. thled Aeeaa Amted Foreea(UNAAF)
JCSPub 12.TactidCod~dConaolPmcedura
forJomfOpm~
ATP.27. Offawe Ah SupportOperation
DEFENSE lNTELLIGBNCEAGENCY MANUALS
3. LANDING FORCE MANUALS

LFM 01. Docmne for Amphihiot Opentax
4.
FLEET MARINE FORCE MANUALS

FMFM 2.2. Amphtiiu Rcmnruhuncc
FYFM 23. (C)S+.,,
Intcdi@er/E1~~r
wufarx @=UOo.(u)
FMfM 24. cOtmCmnt&enee
FMFM 3-1. ComnvDdd Staff Action
FMFM 4-4. Er.wecr OPnFMFM 5.1. .Muuu A.i.tien
FMFM 53. Aadt Support
FMFM 55. Ania,, Wuf.rt
FMFM 55A. (C)Anti
Wufuc SupPlcnt (U)
FMFM 54. Air Rcw-e
FMFM 6-1. Muvv Diviwn
FMFM 6.2. Mlnne InfmW bymnt
FMFM 63, Muinc Inlaw
Lttdion
FMFM 63. .Make Silk SVd
FMFM 7.1. F~SuppmtGNndiNtron
FMFM 9-l. Tank Em&xydAnbmcdumd
WntloN
5.
U.S. NAVY PUBLICATIONS

NWPIl.(C)NavdOpcntimdl'lamiw(U)
NW 15.1.
(S)SEALTmrain
NavdSpeaslWtiue(U)
NWP 223. Suppdkg Amu in Amphibh Opmholv
NWP 224.(C)
Udanta
Demdihon Turn, m Awhibii.
NWP Jl. (S) Nwj Opalionrl -@cm(U)
Nwp43, (S)Jwu WorldwideEvahna.4 Eac.w(U)
Optn-
(U)
AF-I
FMPM 21
5. U.S.NAVYPUBLICATlONSKontinucd)
NAVhlR 1035435. Vd L Iaweq I.terprcWion Hmibook
NAVAIR 10.35435. Vol If, ImemY Inter!JmUhm IfanNAVNR 10.1-789. Ibe OmldmnIce RcferenacMaul
6.
IJ.S.ARMYFIELD MANUALS
INDFX
A
AdllunL5tT.tlo.
..I30
...........................................
AmllMu*typiul,example
Amd imyly
rtcoluubnll
TYpa of Pbotwwh
.AppT
.....................................
a.......................................1
004
ertt cd..
............................................
stemcoverage.
.........................................
looyl)(d
..........................................
Ybcelheoladuuw
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :t;; ::
ArnphibiOpcntmM
r\ruult~..............................................150
7
of nq".ueme"fa
AppA
...................................
Embuhtmn
phase.
.I504
.........................................
(_
ANtysu
F,eld
............................................
.............................................
pnonnel
.................
,601
........................
sQngatim..
.....................................
........................
GUemOnY.eie.............................................SO
..................................
.5(13q3)
.............................
5-3
54
5-5
55
54
55
..503bf4)
..503w
k
..30 3d
NdOd~muncil
..................................
A~yaeia.............................................SO
Component a3vxa-s ........................................
.........................................
101
EncrnTwtnity
........................................
Enemrdoamenta
..JO
24
........................................
..........................................
..............................
Collenronp~
...........................................
............................................
Civilian popdaoe
coue.2eon WuruIca
format
..sO 3a
..UU
.....................................
wautat..................................
1tMgCW-Uld&
.................................
......................
T~stldcff~oftcnrLSh~~phy.Imlruthrr
.40+
..UCk
.k@hC
~tmtC~~.............................................30
CoUeetion..............................................M~2)
DiIectm
..........................................
Rwcrirgl..............................................3oW3)
cammuuiat&ln
Dimemuuiioa
..=%4)
..................................
.....................
Frequmqooatmld~tdremotc~
D
L
~~tcftLeaarnnmy
-aoaofindk4ibnhguidc
.......................................
..................................
.App I
.APPC
hitext
PTPh
4.1
.............................
......................
seeunty
..........................................
E
Doanna
Errlny
...........................................
~ficltmrl ............................................
~.................................................6
..ba2
..a &
02c
m.
RcljlUuUq
teehlldIFpWt.
................................
b3
6-5
65
6-3
.,fJ&
...........................................
~~eauydrh.............................................108
F
FkCtMUiWFonCycllncl
F.,marremnrlunm-~~
~~$peci&tbuM
&%Qc.o&rvlhan~.
.....................................
...................................
....................................
...................................
..s
%
SoJe(l)
..509e(6)
.303e(3,
...........................
.303c(3)
aIludrca...............................MJe(4)
Mumctrecioln~
llecanMmulahtulion..hdiwon.............................503a(2
)
3uuamrllTduldodrnrnrguamt~tom.............................
..3&%(7)
si3dsintdlignalulit
...503a(3)
....................................
.......... ...................303@)
~Mdtu3et~~lim~toca
.................................
hagwy.lypa,eumpk
........................................
..App
AMC..~kformm.........................................App
Cdkctica*orksh&tMM.examF.&
...............................
Ln~pmPdoauamufolmd~tfomemd~naim~lenl
Intcuigncercport
.......................................
Intclliqenrr,llmmur .....................................
>l-ul
lntelJ@mc stud& worm md -ry
rummuy
I
.AppD
...............
repom
......
ulte~reutim
....................................
..............................
~n~toumm~&r~-k..............................W
ReapollabL~............................................90
Sunplef0rm.L ...........................................
~off~.............................................9o
.304h
..304 f
..Ba*
.804g
..902
304
7
3
4ppO
5
Liusanvn*t ..............................................
Openarmbmch..........................................~~2q2)
302M)
.................................
Req,dremcnk.dek-ti
....................................
zblmphibiouopmtion*~....................................4pp
~c~wabmdes&ntllckmab,ofinf-tic
cMm-0pcnm
...................................
.................
.403
A
.A03 e
AppB
iie.&ant.,
.......
Other ,lI&i@nce
d&nifhnc+
.U)Jb
.......
.403r
.......
.......
.......
.403d
.App AE
App
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
App G
,707
.iO7b
,707.z
20, *
..kpp E
Al.5
AOs.2
.405.
405.b
I
Jornt ln*llirplee
anw
umpk
.~pp Z
..,&pp* F
............................................
.34ameakdcnahon 8qudron ..............................

ticlid ekctmnic warfare
bquadron ......................
........................
Marule UChcd re cL+ammmIqudm
Man8 of dkemmatmn. .................................
M-m*
....................................
SkC@5Cl01IliCM ..................................
MdihrygMgnphy ....................................
Mkmumlalafawmwnmcmo.dedml~~ti
. . ..
.App
.503e(3)
.............
App v
OblbpS
pbOfOglpbY.
.
.....................
...................................
Ouqucrlnp .............................................
Fkpomt
..............................................
8
&derofbMk
............................................
~~~tion...............................................:01
Dispdioa
moq.2)(c)
..1004.(2)( .)
.,.10041(2)(b)
...70 1
e
iaii
i-3
FMFU 2-l
order
of bmle
PW
(conmued)
Ilit~t&ll........................................
Lqwa
uw
.........................................
......................................
olderofhtdcpd
..............................
Otgmlution .......................................
Ptounbginfomtin
.................................
Remrdruidfila
...................................
T.&KS ..........................................
Tcetialdcphlmmt
..................................
Tmia@ .........................................
oquuu~~~df
.................................
Di&
intelliia
section.
Amstantcbtefafsmff.G.2 ............................
Aircmftwb,gmteUisnocdmi.sos
Admmw.tntmbmch ...............................
Sprml,ecuritybmeh ...............................
.701b
.7011
.701k
.7011
.7Old
.701m
.7oIn
.701g
.701f
.iOlh
73
74
74
75
7.3
7-5
7-s
74
74
74
902
2-1
2-1
2.6
2h
2.6
..... .... ..... ..
.............................
........................
203
t-
..
P
156
P~0pnbo0puiod............................................1508
R
Radar cet
employment.
Airmats
.........................................
..........................
. . . . . . . . . .._..._..........................
Aksurveil&c=.
Surf~auur..............................................
Wutharr~......_..................._.............1005C
.....
Recotuuutanaba~.Mvlnedirhion
............
.............
Employment
adnnugcl
Nl.wumu..................
co*umtr............................................
1005
1WSb
1002a
lo-14
10.14
lo-2
..llOa
siwuinbQiw
SCAMP remote muor qtupment.

..................................
3eMcf control and mllua~cnt
C=m.
..............................
SCM,
..............................................
.App AC
.50347)
quipm,
seNMopcrator*I
rrmldii
lW3M5)(.)
.App Y
.App AA
.AppAB
..150 1
..150 2
lo mu.
Smsorreport(SENREP).wple
....................................
%m,wrlUlnec+.umde
.....................................
&q.Jeqle of Inr*ce
.aw,t,rr.
..................................
Cunwn duty ............................................
Trunuy
inomutmn
..........................................
STANAC
2022.
lntcllipm
rqmi
STANAG
2118.
Intcwcc
IdtmalC.
(Edtmn
dci
..... AppR
..............................
No.
of eWiet.
..
.i;;
Supernaon
ofthemureaon
effort.
..................................
SwellLna.............................................
Sunelllancr
xd taqct
aalulsl110n
Pbxm
..............................
.a06
..,001~2)
Enemy
.............................
........
........
...............
...........................
Yoiut0nr.g
upabiitica
.......................
SuneiuMulMeb
..........................
Ddivcrf means
...............
Film&a
............
............
............
............
............
.Appo
Q-1
.........................................
...............................................
FMFM 2.1
Tnmh
14.7.
N.-
.3aud&mpemMdofoomhtd~~tuppmtti~.
........
SO2f
WeatIm
......................................
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Marine Corps FMFM 2 1 Intelligence 30 September 1980

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Marine Corps FMFM 2 1 Intelligence 30 September 1980

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DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY

the Muine Corps.

dated 18 October 1977.

User Suggatmn Form should be used by mdwi+ds

to the Commading Cemnl, Marme Corps Development and

Educltmn Command (D 036). Quantlao, Virgrrua 22134.

Licutewnt Gemml. U.S. Marme Corps

1. Propwed New Verb&m

double spaced. conhnue on addlhonal pages Y ncasaw.)

(Need not be double wad.)

make sound deepions and 10 enable bun, with the as~,ancc

a, INFORMATION. Information is unwalua,cd matenat

,n,eU,(rence ,s the foundation on whtcb the apn(lonaI

10 olher lnlrcertcd commanders

with d&e open,md

has ,bc followmg spec~lic

,sed o, ,be production of stn,eg,c

of ,be enemy. weaber.

by i corrrrmnder in ,hc plm,w,g

The degree oi so-

bighzr atd sdjxe,

wbmb Y devoted to de..

ruff ofrioen md subordmr,e cum-

be affected lo a krge degree by the cwnbu

ad ereeutlng the openhoo

comma,ds vl,o the vliomuuo

effort of the aowld.

mpu, ,o plans and orders which nom&

are ,he purwew oi

responslbilrher lndudc m,elbgena

Tac,tcal coverand dccep(lon.

Other stiff offken

cmwc that pluu and orders rcfka

,e, drop* charti Imwyery, and 0th

for and suprvuing

and/or stolqlc rqomMi

the procurement aad dis

imageey. and mtclligena

and the command-

untt usrgncd reproduction

th.1 hti inteiligma

inteUigence activitea am thorowghly ante.

to the Rnlll diimtrutim

is carefully mtegrated to ensEc the tlmiy.

by the command. If a sin&

may fail. n&km

the mare tntel.

of how weil dI the other

ur. and naval intcllikena

of the command as a whok u)

With the opennow

when the qotmd.

mutual intcUisJcna support md cla

e.ch level of mmmlnd

commmda .t crd, subor-

dmate k*el of both naval md Ianding force ckmmts.

dtvumn staff. His tcaponslbilitica a~ XI forth

of staff. G-2 wlu normally retam exwtthe

Mabltam an appropriate intcui-

2.2. Fu~tionll O,g.ntzatton of. Typicat

brscd upon mmmmcndanona

ICPILYLOC. sod euape eqoipmenr

for alI flight paaocl.