A .3 .

B E J W I O B

IIA K
(M I
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b cm

A .3 .E e jifljiO B
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KaK

CTaTb MHJIJIHOHepOM

CHr

(jie r a jib H b ie MeTOflbi o 6 o r a m e H M fl)

MocKBa - 1992

BEJI5UI0B A .3. KaK erarb mhjuihohcpom b CHT OiercuibHbic mctoah

oo6rani;eHH5i).- M.: MBU, AwTO/iaH npw yMacTHH AJIEO BYK, 1992 r.

B nacmosiueu Knuze pacKpbiaatomcH 603M0XH0cmu 6u3neca e ycjio6UHX pa36U6afOUUXCSl pblHOHHblX omnoiuenuu. IJpuQodsimcsL
HanpaejieHUH, npuMepbi u Memodbi o6o2au^eHusi npednpuHUMamejieu
na ocHoee codJifodenuH 3 ukoho6 cmpan Codpyxcecmea He3aeucuMbix
rocydapcme.

M o c k o bck h h BHe#peH*iecKHH i e m p
A K T O JIA H
n p m y ia m a e T cn eu n ajin cT O B c o c b o h m h oSteM aM M p a 6 o T .

(6 8 -7 4 %

O ru ia T a b R p a m a H iim e cpoKH
b p a 3 M e p e 9 0 - 9 8 % o t ofrteM a
C y^eTOM B3HOCOB B IleHCHOHHblH (JjOHfl).
TejietjjOHbi: 1 8 7 - 9 0 - 7 2 . 1 8 1 - 4 0 - 3 9

ISBN 5 - 89979 - 005 - 9

BejrajioB A.3.
MBU, AiiTcyiaH

COAEP2KAHHE
BcTynjieHHe

1. JlerajibHbie MeTOAw o6orameHH5i

(HeKOTOpbie HanpaBjieHH)

1.1. MeTO^H nepBOHaHajibHoro HaxonjieHH xanwTajia

1.2. HanpasjieHHfl pa3BHTHii CBoero aejia
(npHpau^eHHA KannTajia)

5
24

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25

3. K ax 0praHM30BaTb 3<|)(|)exTHBHbiH 6n3Hec

29

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42

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6. KpHMHHajibHbie mctoam oSoraiieHmh

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7. K ax He nporaaaTb

54
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npeanpHflTHH, Hcnojib3y HaHBHOCTb m AOsep^MBOCTb jnoAen, mto HaxoAmiocb 6h y MepTM vum sa MeproH KpMMHHajia. KaK pas Hao6opoT, KHHra
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py&JieH h fkvibme. Jjih AOCTHaceHHa TaKon iejm hco6xoahmo npoHBHTb
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onwTa 3 anaAa h CTpaH CHr BusiBHTb Han6ojiee acjxfreKTHBHbie

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pa3BHTH CBoeroAejra b ycjiOBHax Hapoamaiomeroca pwHKa. B KHHre AaHH
OTBera Ha Bonpocti: KaK HaMaTb co6cTBeHHoe acjio? KaK 0 praHH30BaTb 3$ (J)eKTHBHHH 6 h 3hcc? KaK H36exaTb npeAnpHHHMaTejiio 6ojibuiHx HajioroB

Ha 3aKOHHtIX OCHOB3HH5IX? M3J10^CeHH IipaBHJia 3apa6aTHBaHH5I H

coxpaHeHHfl ACHer. HanwcaHo h npo KpHMHHajibHbie mctoah o6 oraneHHsi

(aji npeAynpeacAerora,

ho

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3 T a K H H ra h c a ji T e x , k t o y ^ e 3 a p a 6 o T a ji C k u ib n n e A e H b rn , a r j is i T e x ,
k t o H a ^ H H a eT n y T b b 6 n 3 H e ce .

B ao6puh nyTb h yAanw BaM, rocnoAa!

A i i T 6 a x B e jis u io B

KaHAHAar skohommmcckhx HayK

1. J I E r A J I b H b l E M E T O A b I O E O r A H E H H S I
(HeKOTOpbie H an p aB jieH H fl)
1 .1 . M eTOAbi n ep B O H a n a jib H o ro H aK onjieH HH K a iu r r a jia
Hto Hy^KHO jyisL xoro, mto6h cTaTb 6oraraM? C Mero Ha^atb ABHaceHHe
K 3T0H IeJIH?

JXjisl Toro, mto6m HawaTb

nepBOHaMajibHHH KanHTaji.

k om m epMecKyio

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flesrre^bHocTb, HyeH

Hecicojibico

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ajih

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npHo6pexeHH5i: s t o h HcnaJib30BaHHe j ih h h w x HaKoimeHHH, Mo6miH3aiH# BHyTpeHHHx pecypcos (MO^ceT BcraTb Bonpoc h o npoflaace Mero-To H3
OTMHHXBemeM, npeflMexoB) h nojiyweHHe Kpe^HTOB. A m o^kho rjix Ha^ajia
3aH flTbca t o h M acTbio 6H 3H eca, KOTopasi He T p e 6 y e T nepBO H aM ajibH oro ica -

nHTajia (6ojiee noApo6HHe peKOMenAau.Hn no 3T0My Bonpocy npHBeaeHbi

HH^ce). ripn

3 to m

npoiecc HaKoiuieHHst nepsoHaMajibHoro KanHTajia He-

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JlttlHH ACHbrH 6bICTpO TepJIIOT CBOIO nOKynaTCJIbCKyiO CnOCOHOCTb.

Tl03T0My TeM, kto peui mica BcraTb Ha nyTb 6n3Heca, kto wyBCTByeT ce6si
f o t o b h m k 3TOMy, Heo6xoflHM O npH CTynaTb k a e j iy 6e3 npoMea;ieHH5L
E c r b e u e K a T e r o p H jn o j e i f , n p n c M a T p H B a io iiH x c tt k p w H K y , M e w a i o -

ihhx 3apa6oTaTb c e 6 e

H a acw 3 H b, ! i c n o j i b 3 yjn e r o b o 3 m o ; k h o c t h . A b o 3 m o ; k -

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3flecb h np0H3B0ACTB0, h ToproBjiH, h pa3JiHHHwe ycjiyrn, BKjuoHaa

nocpeAHHMecKHe, pwHKy HyacHo Bce - nozaBaH h t o , h 3 t o , HeflocraTok h
H yacza b o B c e M .

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ero bo3mo^choct5imh. A rjm stoix) Hy h o nocrosiHHO BCMaTpwBaTbCfl b Hero
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n p o c T e n u in x
b

h h m m o x h o othccth

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1. 3 a p a 6 o T O K

HanpaBjieHHH

(cnoco6oB)

xa^ecTBe BapwaHTOB npHjioxceHHsi B a iu n x c n o cjie^ yiom n e cnoco6w

h bhah

flejrre^ b-

n o M o m b io Te;ie(J)O H a (c e K p e T a p b H a flOM y, M acT H aa

T o p ro sa fl cuipMa, peKjiaMHww h j i h k o m m c p m c c k h h a r e n r ) .
2. n ocp eflH H u e cT B o (b jiio6 h x 4>opMax h jh o 6 h x o6jiacT5ix AeTejibHOc t h ).

3 . H acT H a T op roB aa AeaTejibHOCTb (noe3AK H n o c r p a H e c u e jib io K y n jiH-npozaJKH, M e^ x a a T0pr0Bji5i n o n o ^ T e ii A p .).

4. CaaoBO-oropoflHbie vum peMOHTHo-crpoHTejibHbie pa6oTbi.

5. HacTHoe cnpaBOHHoe 6iopo.

6. HacTHoe 6iopo o6b5iB;ieHHH.

7. IIo^Ta b co6 ctbchhom JOMe.
8. HacTHaa (JmpMa 6 w to b h x ycjiyr (MHTbe okoh, crapica h rjiaacica
6e;ib5i, y6opKa K B a p r a p h t.a .).
9. Cjiyaca AOcraBKH npo^yKTOB.
10. MaroKypbep.
11. Maccaac Ha AOMy.
12. PeneTHTopcTBO, BKjiioMaa 3apa6oTOK Ha inKOJibHtix 3aH5iTH5ix ( c o CTasjieHHe c6opHraca jiyMmHx comh^chhh, pememisi paajiHMHbix 3a^aM no
MaTCMaTHKC, (J)H3HKe, XHMHH H AP*)*
13. HacTHaa cjiyxc6a npoKaTa (pa3jm*ffloro HHCTpyMenra , actck h x Bemew, HrpymeK h ap .) .
14. HaCTHHH fleTCKHH cafl.
15. HacTHbiM cioiafl (MHorae K00nepaTHBbi h MacTHwe (JwpMbi iotjitc si
b Henpncnoco6jieHHHx noMemeHHax, ohh xopomo 3anjiaTT BaM).
16. floMauiHflH rocTHHHii;a y Aoporn.
17. floMaurnee Kacj)e y Aoporn.
18. HacTHaa (|)HpMa no opraHH3aiHH Tpyaa h orAbixa.
19. Hacraaa 6H6jmoTeica.
20. Maiu6iopo Ha flOMy.
21. KcepoiconHpoBaHHe Ha AOMy.
22. HaCTHblH H3B03 c noMombio CBoero abtomo6hji5i .
23. Maicjiep no o6MeHy ;khjioh iuiomaAH.
24. XyaoacecTBeHHoe aTe^be Ha AOMy.
25. ABTOcepBHC.
26. Hacraoe H3AaTejibcicoe acjio.
27. OpraHH3aiH5i bhktophh.
28. 3aoMHbie jcypcw (6yxrajixepoB, MaccaauiCTOB, ceicpeTapeH-MaiiiHHHCTOK H T.A.).
29. HacTHwn ruiH^K (iuia^kh KypopTOB C H r cjiaBATca CBoen 3anymeHHocTbK). Bh 3apa6oTaeTe 6ojibuiHe fleHbra, ecjiw oropoAHTe y^acroK ruraaca, OMHCTHTe o t MejiKoro Mycopa necoK, ycraHOBHTe ropKH, BumKH h
6yAeTe 6paTb no 5-15 py6, c Kaaqoro orAHxaiomero).
30. HacTHa(J)HpManoopraHH3auHHpeKjiaMbi, H3roroBjieHHione^aTeH
h AP* (6paTb 3axa3M jiymne b KpynHwx ropoAax, a pa3MenaTb b m m khx,
rAe mpHcJjTOjiHTeHHbie 3asoAM npocTaHBaiOT. B KpynHwx ropoAax ohh
neperpyaceHH. Ceiraac o6pa3yeTCfl mhofo npcAnpHsiTHH, Kcropue 3a^aCTyio He 3HaiOT, Kax 3aKa3aTb aTpH6yTHKy. IIoMorHTe hm. Ohh c yAOBOJibctbhcm onjiaTHT ycjiyra).
31. HacTHasi aBTocTosiHKa (no;ib3yHTecb momchtom, noKa nepeA uiko-

JiaMH, Mara3HHaMH, 6aH5IMH, pHHKaMH, pa3JIHHHMMH aAMHHHCTparaBHbiMH 3A3HH5IMH ecTb CBo6oAHbie MecTa. 3 th iuiomaflKH Bh
MOaceTe HCn0JIb30BaTb KaK MHHH-CTOflHKy AJIH BCJIOCHnCAOB, motoi;hkJIOB, aBT0M06lUICH).

32. OoToycjiyrH (cHHMawTe Ha yjmiax, b Aet c k m x ca^ax, micojiax, Ha

T o p a c e c T B a x , H a A O M y ).

33. OpraHH3auHH a3apTHwx Hrp.

34. H acT H M H B H fle o 3 a ji (b K a (i)e , B O K 3 a jia x , aaponopTax h APyrnx MecTax).

35. Y c j i y r H no oxpaHe aBTOManiHH Ha c t o h h k c B 03;ie AOMa no npHHiHny

n jiaT H W X CTOHHOK.
36. Ilp0H 3B 0flC T B 0 a c a p e H w x K y K y p y 3 H w x , K apT ocJjejibH bix x jio n b e B ,
c ax a p H O H BaTM .
37. B H f le o - h 3ByK03anwcb (AejiaTb s t o HaAO b jhoahhx Mecrax, r^e 6wMHoro m o j i o a c ^ k h ) .
38. O p ra H H 3 a u ,H H c j i y ^ 6 b i 3HaKOMCTB.
39. BH^a^a AeHer b AOJir noA b w c o k h h npoieHT (Kaic npaBHjio, ACHbrw

B aeT

BbiAanyr noA 3ajior KaKoro-TO HMymecTBa).

40. H a c T H a a ( J w p M a no pa36opice 3A3hhh h coopyaceHHH, y6opKe
TeppHTopwH nocjie CTpoHTejibCTBa, pea^H3aiHH o t x o a o b KHpnwMHoro
npO H 3B O A CTBa.

41. KpojiHKOBOACTBO ( s t o cnoco6 A J in T e x , k t o HMeeT Macrabie AOMa h

Aa*m. TpaBbi j i c t o m BAOBOjib, pa3MHO}KaiOTC5i k p o j i h k h 6 h c t p o , o c o 6 c h h o
B BOJIbepHblX yCJIOBHHX. U,eHbI Ha UIKypKH H MHCO KpOJIHKOB BbICOKHe).
4 2 . 3 B e p 0 B 0 A C T B 0 (p a 3 B e A e H H e O H A aT p, h o p o k , x o h o p h k o b h A p .) .
43. C b h h o b o a c t b o ( a p e H A y i r r e m o 6 o p y A y w T e n o M e m e H w e , K o p M H T e H 3
OTXOAOB OTOJIOBblX, K a(J)e, U IK O ^, ACTCKHX CaAOB, H H T epH aT O B H AP*)
44. L],BeTOBOACTBO (3aHMHTeCb BbipamHBaHHeM U,BeTOB - B OCHOBHOM
TB03AMK

p o 3 ( o h h H a n f o j i e e H e n p H x o T jiH B b ie ) ; 3 a p a 6 o T a B H a 3 t o m 3 a

Ten/ibiH nepwoA roAa HeKOTopbiH icanHTaji, nocrpoiiTe Ha 3HMy Tenjmuy,

A a*e ecran Ha 3 t o yPmyT Bce HaiconjieHHH. 3aT0 b nocjieAyiomHe f o a w B
rne cocroflHHe 6 yAeT pacTH b reoMeTpwMecKOH nporpeccHH. JIapbKH j\jin
pacnpoAaacH iBeTOB ycTaHaBjiHBaitTe y Mara3HHOB, Ha iviaBHbix yjiHiax,
nepeKpecTKax.
45. Pa3BeAeHHe nopoAHcrwx KorneK h co6ax.
46. BbinycK 3HaMKOB (c H3o 6 paa<eHHeM nonyjiapHbix juoAeh, cyBeH HPOB, 3H3KOB C03BC3AHH 3 0 A H a K a H T .A .).
47. Hacraa B p a M e 6 H a si n p a K T H ic a .
48. KooneparaB no c6opy h o6pa6oTKe rnicyp (Ha Mac0K0M6 HHaTax, b
coBxo3ax, Ko;ixo3ax, KorAa h a c t y6ow CBHHew, k o p o b h oseu,, n iK y p w h x
; i h 6 o wcnojib3yiOT, ; i h 6 o CAaiOT b 3ar0TK0HT0pw. TaM o h h HHorAa Hano;ioBHHy c r a H B a io T . OpraHH3yHTe c 6 o p s t h x u i K y p y HacejieHHsi, k o j i x o s o b ,

OpraHH3yiiTe BHAejncy h CAaBairre b uiBeHHbie KOonepaTHBbi).

49. IU B ew H b iH K o o n e p a T H B .
50. KooneparaB pHTyajibHwx ycjiyr (opraHH3au,HH noxopoH, h 3ix)tobjieHwe BeHKOB, ;ieHT, opraHH3auHH opKecrpa h t . a . ) .
cobxosob.

5 1 . C 6 o p jie K a p c T B e H H b ix T p a B ( b H io jie , H a n p H M e p , u,B eT eT j i w n a . E e

u ,B eT b i n p H H H M aiO T b a m e K a x . F l o a i e a o jk a h OHa 0 C b in aeT C 5 i n o jiH O C T b io .
E o i h c o 6 p a T b , n o M b iT b , n p o c y u i H T b , t o m o ^ c h o CAaTb b a n r e i c y . 3 t o u e H H o e ji e K a p c T B o ) .

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jih Her 3eMJiM, Hcnojib3VHTe to o6cTOHTejibCTBO, mto b ce^bCKwx panoHax

MHoro CTapwKOB. ApeHflyiiTe y h h x *iacTb ycaAb6bi h 3aceiiTe, HanpHMep,
noflccwiHeMHHKOM. OceHbio y Bac 6yAeT ottihmhhh ypoacaif. A Aajibiue Ha
Maai03aB0A, b 3ar0TK0HT0py h j i h b K o o n ep a T M B . H B a M n p n 6 b u ib , h
crapHKaM HaBap).
5 3 . KoonepaTHB no noejnce KBapmp, actckhx cazviOB,
Tax^ce no hx MCJiKOMy peMOHTy.
5 4 . OpraHH3au,H5i aiccKypcHOHHoro 6iopo.

uikqji h a p *,

5 5 . T o m n b H w e y c j i y n i (K a a m a fl x o s a i n c a M e w a e T o x o p o u i o HaTO**eH-

HHX HOXtaX Ha KyXHC, MBHHKfOpHblX HHCTpyMCHTaX BCBOeHKOCMeTHWCe,

HOxcHHuax b jmHKe uiKacJ)a. Hiviea TOMmibHbiH craHOK (ero moxho CAeJiaTb CaMOMy) , KOTOpblHCOCTOHT HXTOMHJIbHOIX) JHCK3, 3JieKTpOMOTOpa H
craHHHbi Ha KOJiecHKax, Bh Moacere noMOMb xo35iMKaM, Bbino^HsiH hx 3aK a3 H ) .

5 6 . KoonepaTHB no B3aHHio OAexAbi (npnopeTHTe B5i3ajibHyio MauiHH y . 3 aaas eii nporpaMMy, B w CMoacere B83aTb CBHTepa, map4)bi, AeTCxyio
ojoe^cfly h T . n . ) .
5 7 . BbipamHBaHHe paicos ( b pecTopaHax o h h c t o h t oweHb Aoporo).
5 8 . P e 3 b 6 a n o A e p e s y (H 3 roT C B jieH H e A ep eB H H H w x h 3 a c j i h h ; j io a c e ic ,

H rp y u ie K , CTaTy3TOK

h t . a .)

5 9 . BbipaiuHBaHHe rpn6oB.
60. rip0H3B0flCTB0 crymeuHoro Mojioxa.
61.

Bbipaii|HBaHHe aceHbiueHH.

6 2 . IlporpaMMHpoBaHHe Ha 3 B M .

63. Eiopo nepeBO A O B

tckctob c

H H O crp a h h h x s h m k o b .
H ayM H o-T exH H M ecK H x

pa3pa6oTOK b
AoroBopy o npeA n p H H T H eM .
65. H 3roT0RJieHHen0jiy(J)a6pHKaT0B, ys^OB, 3anqacreHHT.A. no3aKa3y
64.

B H eA p e H H e c o 6 c t b c h h w x

n p 0 H 3 B0 ACTB0 n o

KpynHbix npeflnpHsiTHH

(h c

Hy h ch o HCKaTb noxynaTejifl, AyMaTb o (J)HHaH-

c n p o B a H H H , rjiaBHoe - HawTH T a K y io noT peH O C T b h n o jiy ^ H T b 3axa3 y c o JIHAHOH (J)HpMbl).

H T 3 KHX Cn0 C0 6 0 B MOJKHO fipHBCCTH BeJIHKOe MHOJKeCTBO. B c e 3 3 BHCHT
OT B aiU H X Cn0 C0 6 H0CTCH H JKCJKIHH5I. PaCCMOTpHM n O flp o 6 H e e HeCKOJlbKO
B apnaH T O B .

1 .1 .1 . M a cm H a H m o p t o a a s i d e sim e jib H O c m b .
f l p o i e c c nepB O H aM a^bH O ix) H aK oruieH H H ic a n H T a jia AOJiaceH, H a H a in

B 3 I7 ISLA, 6 a 3 H poBaT bC 5i b o c h o b h o m n a K paTKQ cpoM H bix A e j ia x . H a n p H M e p ,

3 t o CAejiKa K y m iH -n p o A a a c H , r ^ c h c H y ^ H b i 6 o j i b u m e BjroxceH HH . T o e c r b ,
rA e-TO m t o - t o fle n ie B O K yn H T b h t a c - t o KaK-TO a o p o r o n p o A a T b .
B H a M a jie 3 aHMHTCCb H3 y 4 CHHCM KOHT>JOHKTypH pbIH K a. IlO M H H T e o
TOM, MTO TO B ap, C KOTOpbIM B w 6 yACTC p a 6 o T a T b , AO JI^eH 6 bITb XOAOBbiM,
x cejia T ejib H O , m to 6 w o h h c 6 w j i K o o n cp a T H B H b iM , Taie x a x A O B e p n e y
n o T p e 6 M Teji5i k K O onepauM M h c u i m o c b w c o k o c . B c b h 3 h c B b im e c ic a 3 a H -

hhm mh

peKOMeHflyeM BaM pa6oTaTb c TOBapoM, kotophh bbo3mtc5i k HaM

H3 flpy^cecTBeHHwx crpaH, CTOHiiHx Henoaajieicy o t Hac Ha CTyneHHx sk o-

HOMH^ecKoro pa3BHTH5i. 3 to npe^De Bcero Ilojibma, KireaH, BbeTHaM h ,

b KaKOH-TO M e p e , B e H r p H a h T.n. Ha3BamiHe crpaHH, BBHAy CBoeft s k o HOMHqeCKOH

OTKpHTOCTH,

BIIHTHBaiOT

Ce6 f l,

K aK

ry O K a,

T O B apH

HapoflHoro noTpe6jieHH5i, np0H3B0jMMue b KanHTajmcTHMecKHx crpaHax,

nocjie Mero MacTb sthx TOBapoB BHiuiecKHBaeTtti Ha Ham npnrpaHHMHbiH
pHHOK. flaace b y^eroM HHTepecoB acHTeneH npnrpaHHMHHx paHOHOB,
n ep B H M H cxynaiomHx hmiiopthhh TOBap, Hrpa b jaHHOM cjiynae ctoht
CBeM, TaK KaK b cbh3h c 6ojibmHMH paccTOAHHHMH Hameii crpaHH pa3pHB
b ieHax Ha TOBapw BecbMa 3HaMHTejieH.
H a KaKHC rpynnH TOBapoB cjiezyer o6paTHTb oco6oe BHHMaHHe?
1) H a c w , p a A H o a n n a p a T y p a , napcfriO M epH H . 3 a ^ a c T y io a r a T O B a p w

mo2kho n e p e n p o A a T b B A B oe-B T poe A o p o a ce ;

2) O T A e jib H M e b h a h o a o k a h h o 6 y B H , HanCxw iee m o a h h c b m o m c h t o c y -

m ecTB jieH H H T o p ro B o ii AeaTejibHOCTH;

3 ) K h h i t i . T o p ro B jiH hm m c e i r a a c b h o b b h a c t 6 o h k o . H e cM O T p a H a o 6 h j m e KH Hr H a p H H K e, s t o je n o o c r a e r c a nepcneK T H B H H M h n p n 6 b u ib H H M .
T a c B35m> n o ro c y A a p c T B e H H o ii ie H e Aec^HUHTHbie k h h f h ? J o c r a T b h x
m o ;k h o b peraoHax, rA e o c h o b h o c H a c e ^ e H H e H e p yccK 0H 3H *iH 0e. 3 t o c e j i a
M o j i a o b h , HacTHviHO E e j i a p y c n , Y K p aH H H . B c e jib C K n x M a r a 3H H ax h x
m o jk h o K ynH T b n o r o c u e H e . H a 6 p a B T O B apa, B aM o c r a e T c a 0p ra H H 30B aTb
K o o n e p a r a B n o n p o K a T y n o A 3 a ji o r . I l A e a p e a jm 3 y e T C 5 i, H a n p H M e p , H a
B O K 3 a jia x ;

4) ByAbTe KOMMepcaHTOM no p e a jiH 3 a iH H npoAyKiHH Majiwx

npeAnpHHTHH h j i h K00nepaTHB0B. B o a h h x pernoHax s t o h npOAyxiHH
MHOIX), B APyrHX - OCTPHH AJ)HU;HT. Hy^KHO B35ITb AOKyMeHT, yAOCTOBep5H0m,HH
Bame npeACTaBHTejibCTBO K o o n e p a r a B a h j i h Majioro
^ p e A n p H A T H fl, C K y n H T b napraio n p o A y K iH H h n e p e n p a B H T b ee b A p y r o
pemoH. Me>Kpecny6^HKaHCKHH 6apbep Bh npeoAOJieeTe, ecjm
3 a p e rH C T p H p y e re c b o io AesiTejibHOCTb b t o m p e rH O H e , O T K y A a b h b o 3 h t c , h

KyAa BB03HTe TOBap. A TpyAoycTpoHB b Bamy opraHH3airao ao noneHCHOHepoB, Bh noAy^HTe 3HanHTejibHHe jib ro ra b Hajioroo6jio^ceHHH;
b to m ,

jio b h h h

5) OpraHH3yHTe c6op

h j i h a c y n K y t o t o b o h cejibC K 0X 0 3 5 iH C TB eH H 0H

n p oA yK i^ H H b p a H O H a x , r A e e e M H o ro . B i e H T p a jib H H X ic p y n H H x r o p o A a x
ee m ohcho n p o A a T b , K a x n p a s H jio , b 2 - 3 p a 3 a A o p o a ce. A p e H A O B a B M a n m H y
A Jia

nepeB03KH,

B h x o p o m o 3apa6oTaeTe;

6) Y C T p O H T e C b CTOpO^CeM HJIH

pa 60THHK0M B CeJIbCK0X03HHCTBeHH HX

o p ra H H 3 a u ^ iH x b i o x h h x p e c n y 6 ; iH K a x . E a ce ro A H O n p o n c x o A H T B e p o B K a
ju o A e ii b c a a m . I I o 0 K 0m a H H H c e 3 0 H a p a 6 o T 6 e p H T e H a T y p a jib H O H o m ia T O H

n p o A y K U H e ii.

n p e A O cra B H T

I ly c T b

BaM

TpaH cnopTH poB KH

Ta

o p ra H H 3 a iH s i,

TpaH cno pT

k o to p o h

Heo6xoAH M He

ce jib C K 0 X 0 3 H H C T B e H H 0 H

bh

p a 6 o T a jiH ,

AO K yM eH TH

n p o A y K i H H

r jm

ceBepH H e

p a H O H H C Tp aH H

7) Ilp0H3B0flHTe 3aKynKy KOH(J)eT, moKOJiaAa, nencH h APyrwx

npoflyKTOB b npHrpaHHMHux panoHax

CAaBairre no AoroBopHOH ieHe

pecropaHH
KpynHwx
ropoAOB
U,eHTpa,
a
oco6eHHo K)ra.
BHyTpHpecny6jiHKaHCKHH 6apTep: Ty^a nencn, moKojiaA, a OTTyaa
4>pyKTbi;

8) OpraHH3yMTe acynicy TOBapoB b norpamumoH c KuraeM 30He, b Xa6apoBCKe, HanpwMep, h CAaBaiiTe b kommcpmcckhc Mara3HHH KpynHHx
ropoflOB IeHTpa. HanpHMep, ieHa KHTaftcKOHkocmcthkh b Mockbc h K h eBe b MTb pa3 Bbirne, hqm b Xa6apoBCKe. AHajionmHbie 5ibjichh5i
n p o H c x o flflT H a coBeTCKO-nojibCKOH rp aH H ii;e;

9) JoroBopHTecb c opraHH3au,HsiMH FIpifaMypba, hmcioiuhmh jmueH3hio Ha otjiob KpacHOH pn6n. OpraHH3yHTe TpaHcnoprwpoBKy KpacHoii
Pw6m h pw 6onpoA yK T O B c Z a jib H e ro BocTO K a b 3 a n a A H H e h u ,eH T p a jib H H e
paifOHH CHI\ a Taxate b nojibmy. Kax npaBiuio, pa3HHu,a b ieHax aocthraeT 4 - 6 pa3;
1 0 ) H y , a e a iH B a n i ropoA - KpynHH H npoM H im ieH H H H ieHTp, h B h
o c r p o o m y m a e T e n e p e o H c m o jio k o m , apeH A yw T e M auiHHy h n o e 3 ^ a H T e b
6jiH^caMiiiHH k o jix o 3 . KyiuieHHoe TaM m o jio k o B h n p o^ a^ H T e b r o p o t e m h HMMyM b 4 - 5 p a 3 A op o^ce. OnwT Oaccch CBHAeTejibCTByeT o t o m , m to Jiy h-

rnee BpcMH jjisi ToproBjiH - no3AHHH Be^ep;

1 1 ) B M o c K B e , C a H K T - F le T e p 6 y p r e , K w eB e h m c i o t c h o c J m c h k o m M ep^ecK M x cJ)HpM M H o n ix CTpaH M w pa. H acT O o h h c yAOBOjibCTBHeM c tc y n aiO T H eK O T opw e npoA yK T bi h o t x o a h . 5 I p k h h n p H M ep : m c a , ry cH H H H h
yT H H biii n y x (ie H a n y x a H a 3 a n a A e 8 0 a o j u i . 3 a 1 k i \ ) . O h p m h
pacnjia^M B aiO T C si BajiiOTOH. O p ra H H 3 y H T e c 6 o p h n e p e n p o A a a c y 3 T o ro
c u p b H h npoAyKTOB. B ajiiO T y q e p e 3 6 a H K o 6 p a T H T e b p y 6 j m h no B T o p H T e
o n e p a u ,H io e m e p a 3 . B c x o p e B h H a 6 e p e T e c o j i h a h h h x a riH T a ji;
12) CeHMac ecTb MHoro xejiaioiiHx KynHTb h j i h npoAaTb aBTOMo6mib,
MOTOiHKji, BejiocHneA. Otkphb o (J)h c, CTaHbTe nocpeAHHicoM Meayy
np0AaBU,0M h n o K y n a T e jie M ;

13) OpraHH3ywTe nocpeAHwqecKyio (fmpMy no npoAaace TOBapoB Ha

BHyTpeHHeM h BHeumeM pHHice. fljisi 3Toro BaM hco6 xoahmo HMeTb
nepBHMHHH KanHTaji h bhhth Ha KOHTaKT c 3anaAHbiMH <J)HpMaMH (6yAi>Te
ocTopo>KHbi, no^y^awTe HHtjjopMaiHio o Baumx 3apy6eacHHx napTHepax
H3 pa3HUX HCTOMHHKOB, CeHMaC nOA npHKpHTHCM COJIHAHblX (J)HpM ACHCTByiOT pa3Horo poAa acfcepHcra);
14)
HeCHOK H3BCCT6H H e TOJIbKO
npO(J)WUiaKTHMeCKHMH KaMeCTBaMH, HO H

CBOHMH

BKyCOBHMH

JieMe6HbIMH

CBOHCTBaMH.

Bn panH B asi e ro Ha apeHAyeMOM (cbocm npnycaAe6HOM ) yMacTKe 3 e M ra h

TpaHcnoprapyfl

e ro Ha C e B e p h flajibHHH B o c to k , B h nojiy^HTe r a r a m CK yio npH 6buib. fla s c e b K H p rH 3 c r a H e , m iH M aT KOToporo 6jiaronpH5rreH

W * BH pam H BaH H fl s t o h K y jib T y p H , u e H H Ha wecHOK OMeHb b h c o k h ;

1 5 ) flocraBbTe j ia p e x b j i i o a h h x Mecrax h opraHH3yHTe nepenpoAaacy

npoAyKUHH K00nepaTHB0B h j i h rocyAapcrBeHHHx npeAnpHATHH n o a o f o BOpeHHOCTH C HHMH. H a n p H M e p , Ha e^e3HOAOpO^CHOM BOK3aJie, aBTOBO K 3ajie h t . a ;

10

16) O praH H 3 yH T e jiapeic h jih m hhh-k 1(J) n o npoAaace n p ox jia A H T ejib H x

HanHTKOB. M roTO B H Tb HanHTKH He TpyAHO. IIojiyM HTb H yacH yio h h (JxjpMaiuno m ojkho y p a 60THHK 0B o 6 m e im T a . J ly m n e p a 6 o ra T b KaK caM oc r o 5iTejib H oe npeAnpH H Tw e o t T pecT a pecropaH O B h c t o j io b h x B a m e r o

ropoAa;
17) B jierHHH nepnoA Tpaccw, BeAymne Ha lOr, nepenojraeHH MaumH3MH. MHorne npeAnpnsiTHx ropoAOB Hy^aiOTca b npoAasiax KBaca. 3 a
AeHb moxho peajiH30BaTb 3-4 6omkh KBaca;
18) B npH6pexcHHx mopckhx 30Hax, xax npaBimo, 3aBaji p h 6h . JI,oro-

BopHTecb c pbi6onepepa6aTbiBaionHMH npeAnpnaTHsiMH h BamHM im meToproM Ha nocTaBKy pw6onp0AyKT0B b HyxtHHHjjjix Bac panoH no creneHH
cnpoca. M o^eTe Tax^e 0praHH30BaTb He6o;ibmoM iex no nppH3BOACTBy
Ph 6h h pbi60np0AyKT0B;

19) C noBbiniCHHCM Hajiora Ha 6apTep mhofo TOBapa oceAaeT b

npnrpaHHMHbix 30Hax. TaM ohh npoAaiOTca Mepe3 komhcchohhhc Mara3HHH. PbIHOK HMH 3a6HT. B IeHTpajIbHHX paHOHaX U,eHH Ha 3TH TOBaph,
icax npaBwio, b 2-4 pa3a BHine. Obe3AHTe TyAa, BauiH pacxoAH OKynTC
MHoroKpaTHo;
20) peHAyHTe aBTOTpancnopT h opraHH3yHTe noe3AKy 3a ap6y3aMH b
AcTpaxaHb b nepnoA c6opa ypoacaji (aBrycr). BwBe3HTe hx b CeBepHbie
panoHbi CTpaHw, h Bh He TOjibKO OKynHTe Bce pacxoAH, ho h nojiyuHTe
co^HAHyio npw6buib;
21) C xynaa onTOM yjiOMKH, BeTMHHy h Aejiaa 6yTep6poAH, noe3acaifTe
Ha npoMbniweHHbiH phhok Bamero ropoAa k rojiOAHWM npoAaBiaM h noKynaTejiflM;
22) Hcno;ib3yfl pa3HOiuiaHOBHH Ae<j)HiHT bo mhofhx paiiOHax, Bh moaceTexopomo 3apa6oTaTb. HanpnMep, CKymrre jiecB Ch6hph, oh TaM acrneBjie. B IeHTpajibHHx ofwiactix B h CMoaceTe npoAaTb ero xojixo3aM h
coBxo3aM ropa3AO Aopoace. Mohcho B3Tb oiuiaTy (xvibineH MacTbio cejibCK0X035IHCTBeHH0H npOAyKIHeii: 3epHOM, KyKypy30H H T.A* 3Ty
npoAyKUHio OTBe3HTe TyAa, rAe ee Majio hjih cobccm hct, HanpHMep, b
3anaAHyio YKpaHHy. TaM Bh cAaAHTe ee b 3ar0TK0HT0py hjih
paHnoTpe6coK)3 no 6anee bhcokoh ieHe. OiuiaTy 6epHTe jih6o mhcom, jih 6o MacjiOM. rioTOM bh MoaceTe noexaTb b MojiAOBy h npoAejiaTb TaM to ace
caMoe. IlpH 3tom HenpeMeHHO no;ib3yHTecb coBeTaMH iophctob k3>kaoh
H3 pecnyd/iHK;
23) OpraHH3yiiTe npoAaacy npoxjiaAHTejibHHx HanHTKOB Ha iuiflacax.
Moxho TaK^ce npoAaBaTb KOHAHTepcKHe H3AejiHH h MopoaceHoe. 3aicjiioMHTe AoroBop Ha hx nocraBKy c opraHH3aiH5iMH h K00nepaTHBaMH;

24) OpraHH3yHTe c6op h nepeB03Ky h6jiok, rpyrn h Apyrnx 4>pykTOB b

TaKHe panoHH, KaK Ka3axcTaH, KpaiiHHH CeBep, JajibHHH Boctok. Ha
3tom Ae^e b HeAajieKOM 6yAymeM Bh cmohcctc craTb KpynHHM
npeAnpHHHMaTejieM;
25) B iojkhhx o 6 jia c T 5 ix yxpaHHH h Mojiaobh p a c t y T r p e iK H e o p e x n .
O p ra H H 3 y iiT e hx c 6 o p b ceH T 5i6pe,

a totom CAaHTe hx b 3ar0 T K 0 H T 0 p b i.

11

KpoMe AeHer b HeKOTopwx o fo a cra x npeAOCTaBjisieTCfl npaso Ha

npHo6peTCHHe AecJ)Hu,HTHHx TOBapos;
26) KaKH3BecTHO, npoMHimieHHHenpeAnpHsmisiBHpacHBaioTMHoro
otxoaob. O hh c y AOBOJibCTBHeM hx npoAaAyT. flp y rae ^ e npeAnpHorasi
HUyT HX. 3aHMHTeCb nOCpeAHHMCCKOH AeSITejIbHOCTbK). HM esI AO py6jI5l 3a
1 kt nojiHMepoB, opyAyfl TOHHaMH, Bh xoporno 3apa6oTaeTe.

27) OpraHH3ynTe, ecjiH no 3Bo;uiT n 0Tpe6 H0CTH Bamero pernoHa,

npoAa^cy cjiHBO*moro M acjia b Apyrne c rp a H w C H r hjih b c rp a H H , KOTopne
He b x o a m t b cocTaB CHr (b ch n p w ajiT H K a, MojiAOBa, r p y 3HH, YKpaHHa).
I e H H Ha 1 k r Macna b s th x perwoHax b 4 - 5 pa3 6ojibme, MeM b C p eA H eii
nojioce Pocchh;
28) ApeHAOBaB noMemeHHC Ha oahoh H3 rjiaBHHx yjim Bainero ropoAa,
B h 6 y A e T e hmctb B03M 0^H 0C Tb OTicpHTb cboh cajiO H -M ara3H H .
npHHHMaiiTe TOBapbi o t K oon ep aT op oB h qacTHwx jihu, (ayAHO- h bhacoMarHHT04)0HH, cooTBeTCTByiomHe Kaccera, jiawKOBbie KypTKH, cnrapera
h T.n.). BaniH aoxoah onpeAeji ht komhcchohhhc 3a ara AoporocT05imHe
TOBapH uiHpnoTpe6 a;
29) noK ynaa Ha M0Ji0K03aB0Ae (b Mara3HHe) mojioko h APyrne
npoAyKTH, HMeiomnecfl b ToproBoit ceTH Bamero ropoAa, opraHH3yHTe
4>HpMy no AOCTaBKe hx Ha aom;
30) OpraHH3yHTe c6op bojioc no napwKMaxepcKHM h CAaBaiiTe hx Ha
(J)a6pHKH no H3r0T0BjieHHK) napHKOB. A MoaceTe AejiaTb hx caMH. Bojioch
noKynaiOT 3a rpammen;
31) Mo^eTe 0praHH30BaTb c 6op npo 6oK h pa3jnmHHx hsacjihh H3 ajnoMHHH5I H APyrHX IBCTHblX MeTaJIJIOB. CAaBaHTe HX Ha 3aBOAU HJIH 6a3bl
nepepa 6oTKH BTopcbipba. 3 t o npn 6 HjibHO yace ceiteac, a b AajibHewmeM
6 yAeT npn 6buibHee BTpoiHe;
32) Ha nap<t)K)MepHbix (J)a6 pHKax npHHHMaiOT Ta6 anHHH neneji. H eMHoro BHAyMKH, h moxcho 0praHH30BaTb ero c 6op. T a 6aMHHH neneji
npHHHMaiOT h b an T eicn ;
33) E oih y Bac ecTb cbh3h 3a rpaHHuen, opraHH3yHTe KooneparaB hjih
C n no npHo6peTeHHio noAepacaHHHx aBT0M06mieH c AajibHeifiiieH hx
peajiH3aineH Ha TeppHTopn h 6biBiiiero Coio3a;
34) B KOHie Hioji5i b kukhhx o 6jiacTx YKpaHHH h Mojiaobh co 3peBaeT
KyKypy3a. ApeHAOBaB 6ojibiuerpy3HHH aBT0M06njib, m oxho 3aH5iTbca
nepeB03K0H noMancoB b ceBepHwe panoHH Pocchh. U,eHa BapeHoro no^aTxa KyKypy3bi BaM H3Becraa;
35) OAna H3 Han6ojiee npecraacHHx npo<J)eccHH Ha SanaAe - AHJiep. Y
Bac nosiBHTCfl B03M0>KH0CTb hm craTb h xoporno 3apa6aTbiBaTb, eCJIH B h
3aHMeTecb pacnpocrpaHeHHeM npoAyKiHH KaicoH-jiH6 o HaMHHaionen
(J)HpMbI.
Kax W3yHHTb KOH'blOHKTypy pbIHKa?
npOHAHTe no KOMHCCHOHHHM H KOMMepweCKHM M ara3HH aM , no
qepHOMy pbiHKy h TmaTejibHO co6epHTe h nepepa6oTaHTe hh(Jx3pMau,Hio, mto no^eM. He crecHsiHTecb aro 3anncaTb - npnroAHTCfl.

12

r ^ e KOHKpeTHO SpaTb TOBap?

B pa3roBopax co cbohmh APy3bsiMH h 3HaKOMbiMM nonpo6yiiTe HeHaB5I3MHBOBbIHCHHTb, OTKyfla 6epyTC5l B Baiueif MeCTHOCTH Te HJIHHHbie TOB a p w . B pnA jih 3to 6yfleT cjio^kho.

PMeiOTca o6m;enpH3HaHHHe MecTa CKonjieHHH TOBapa: 3anaAHOnpHrpaHHTOwe paHOHw c t 3khmh KpynHHMH ofuiacrabiMH ieHTpaMH, KaK
JIbBOB, rpOAHO, HepHOBI^H H npaKTH^eCKH nOMTH BCeMH HX paHOHHbIMH
ieHTpaMH; BocTOMHO-npHrpaHHHHwe paHOHw, r^e ieHTpoM HBjiHeTCH

HpKyTCK (H3-3a npHMOH BOSAyniHOH CB5I3HCKHTaeM).

Mecro 3aKynKH TOBapa m6o MepHttH phhok, jih6o komhcchohhhc
-

Mara3HHH. T^e AenieBjie.

T^e peajiH30Barb TOBap?
Ha^e^cHee Bcero b komhcchohhhx Mara3HHax. Bw oTAaAHTe Mara3HHy
7- 10% o t Brne# ieHh TOBapa (y3HaHTe to^ho CKOJibKO - b p a 3 H b ix M ara3HHax n0-pa3H0My), ho 3to He 6yfleT nycTOH Tparoif AeHer. Mara3HH
HMeeT psiA npeHMymecTB nepeA phhkom.
Bo-nepBwx, Mara3HHH pa6oTaioT, KaK npaBHjio, 6 ahch b HeAe^io, a
pbIHOK TOJIbKO no BHXOAHHM.
B o-btophx , b Mara3HHe noxynaTejiH npHo6peTaK)T TOBap 6o;iee oxotho, 3 H a m o 3Aecb hx, b otjihmhc o t puHKa, He o6MaHyT.
B-TpeTbw x, y Bac 6yA eT cbo6oahoc BpeMa j y ih A p y rn x A e;i., TaK KaK
pea;iH3aiHeH

TOBapa 3aHHMaeTca Mara3HH.

B-MeTBepTwx, 6yAeT MeHbine koh(J);ihktob c KOHTpojmpyiomHMH

opraHaMH, KOTopwe Ha pbiHKe 6yAyT MernaTb BaM pa6oTaTb ao Tex nop,
noKa Ka^KAHH H3 hhx He yeAHTca, mto Barna AesrrejibHOCTb
3aperncTpHpoBaHa h 3aKOHHa.
B-nsrrwx, Bh He noABeprHeTecb TeM onacHocraM, KOTopwe MoryT Bac
noACTepe^b Ha pwHKe (BCTpe^H c KHAajiaMH, paKerapaMn,
KapMaHHHKaMH h t.n.).
IIojie3Hbie coBeTw:

CAaBaHTe Tosap b ieHTpajibHbie Mara3HHbi, KyAa 3axoAHT MHoro noTeHinajibHbix noKynaTejiew;

pa36eiiTe napTHio oahopoahopo TOBapa Ha HecKOJibKO mcjikhx napraii
h CAaHTe hx b pa3Hwe MarasHHti;
ecjiH Bw CAaeTe pa3HHH Tosap b oahh h to t >Ke Mara3HH (HanpwMep,
MarHHTO(J)OH h Macw), nonpocHTe, mto6w npweMmHK ocjxypMmi pa3Hbie
KBHTaHUHH Ha Ka^AbiH bha TOBapa;
OTAaBanTe npeAnoMTeHwe Mara3HHaM, tac BbinjiaTa AeHer nocrce
npoAa^cH TOBapa nponcxoAHT b Han6ojiee KopoTKwe cpokh;

Ha nepBbix nopax CAaBaiiTe TOBap no ueHaM HeMHoro HHace cjkhkhbIIIHXC5L

3 to coBeTbi noMoryT BaM 6wcrpee

hoboh napTHen.

c6biTb TOBap h OTnpaBHTbca 3a ero

13

IIoACHMTaHTe p a c x o A b i w a o x o a m ;
B n H in H T e b c b o h p a cx o A W CTOHMOCTb n p o e 3 A a k M ecT y 3 a K y m cH TO B apa
h c>6paTHO, a TaK ^ce cyT O H H w e. ZonycTHM, 3T a cyMMa c o c t 3 b h t 3 0 0 0 p y 6 .
3 a ic y iiH B TO B apa H a 3 0 0 0 0 p y 6 . , B w a o j i x c h h n p o A a T b e r o T aK , m t o 6 h H a
o a h h B jio^ceH H H H p y 6 j i b n o jiy ^ H T b 5 0 KoneeK n p n w i H ( s t o s a p n a m , k o T o p o r o yAaeTca AOCTHMb a aace npw H efxjiaronpH H TH O cicjia A M B a io iiH x csi 06CTO HTeJIbCTBax). C peA H H H e p O K , 3 a KOTOpHH M02KH0 c6b IT b TO B ap -

npHMepHO Ae HeAejra. T.e. Mepe3 3to BpeMH y Bac 6 yAeT Ha pyicax 4 5 0 0 0

p y 6 . IlpoBeAHTe AajibHeHume noACMeTH caMH h npincHHbTe, c t o h t jih BaM
3aHHM3TbC5I 3THM ACJIOM.
T A e B3Tb ACHbrw Ha nepBbiw o 6 o p o t?
Bce H aniH peKOMeHAaiHH h Baurn Ao 6 pw e HaMepeHHH He 6 y A y T H H qero
CTOHTb, eCJIH He H3 HTH OTBCTa Ha TJiaBHHH BOIIpOC. fljIH HaMajia BnOJIHe
XB3 THT TpeX-AeCHTH THC5IH.
HX B35ITb?
BapwaHT 1 -H. H CaMHH JierKHH. ECJIH eCTb B03M0 >KH0 CTb, TO 3aHMHTe
Ha HexoTopoe BpeM5i y p o actb chhhkob h A py 3ew. MoaceT 6 biTb s t o He
CJIHllIKOM npHHTHO, HO...
BapHaHT 2- h . ripoAaHTe MTo-Hw6 yAi>, ecjm ecTb mto.
B a p n a H T 3 -w. 3aH M H Te y rocyAapcTBa. 3 t o He TaK TpyAHO, KaK B aM ,
bo3mo>kho, KaaceTCH. FIomth Bce 6aHKOBCKHe yMpeacAeHHH BWAaiOT ceiiMac
KpaTKOBpeMeHHwe ccyam rpa>KAaHaM Ha pa3JiHMHbie HyacAW b cyM M e 5
T w c .p y 6 . noA 10- 1 6 % roAOBwx. JXjisi nojiyMeHHsi cc y A H Tpe 6 y e T c a 06 bmH 0
cnpaBKa o tom, mto Bm nocToaHHo pa6oTaere h nojiyMaeTe 3apiuiaTy, koTOpOH XB3THT, HTo 6 bI BbinjiaTHTb CCyAy 3a TOT epOK, Ha KOTOpHH OHa B3HTa. T a K mto, ecjiH Bbi peiuH Tecb noMeHHTb p a 6 o T y , to CAejiaH re 3t o nocrae
T o ro , KaK B03bMeTe ccyzy. K p o M e 3Toro, n o T p e 6 yeTC oahh hjih ABa MejioBeKa, KOTopwe c ra H y T BauiHMH rapaHTaM H nepeA 6aHKOM. Hm h M o ry T
6bITb KaK pOACTBeHHKH, TaK H APy3b5l.
BapwaHT 4 - h . SaHMHTe y 6 aHKa hjih y KOMMepMeacoro npeAnpHATHH
noA 3ajior CBoero HMymecTBa (aBTOMo6 HJi5i, npwBaTH3Hp0 BaHH0 H
KBapTHpH H Ap.) *
Eue HecKOJibKO n o jie 3 Hbix c o b c to b :
1) E o ih B h 6owTecb Ha^aTb
H 3 -3 a Toro, mto BaM HerAe ocraHOBHTbcsi b r o p o A e , KyAa HyacHO exaTb 3a TOBapoM, t o He nepeacHBairre; KaK
noKa3HBaeT npaKTHKa, Ha 3aKynKy TOBapa yxoAHT He 6o;iee Tpex-^eTbipex MacoB, nocjie ^ero moecho B03BpamaTbc aomoh.
2) rionpodyMTe noAH CKaTb ce 6 e KOMnaHbOHa. X o t j i (JjopMajibHo Bw h
6 yA e Te p a 6 oTaTb KaacAbiw caM Ha ce 6 a , ho 6 w ctpo now yBCTByeTe, mto
ApyacecKaa noMomb b topix)bom Ae;ie MHoro 3Ha*mT.
3 ) IloMHHTe o tom, mto ;iio 6oh TOBap iip o x o a h t Ha pbiHKe Mepe3 TpH
CTaAHH: HaMajibHyio, KorAa a 3 hhhm bha TOBapa tojimco noaB^aeTCH Ha
pbiHKe, cpeAHioio, KorAa ero y ^ e AOCTaTOMHo, h nocjieAHioio, Koi^a p h h o k
y^ e nepeHacbimeH AaHHbiM TOBapoM. CaM aa BbiroAHafl ({)a3a npoAaacH -

14

HanajibHafl, Ha noaieAHen ace TOBap mo;kho npofl3Tb m/ibKo no CHwxceHhoh ieHe. BoBpeMsi opHeHTHpyirrecb b sthx ctsahhx, h Bce 6yaeT
HOpMaJIbHO.

MajieHbKHH npwMep.
Pobho o^Hy KoneHKy ctohji b HioHe 1992 r. b OT^ejie yieHeHHwx toBapoB IeHTpajibHoro yHHBepMara Tjomchh nnoHepcKHH 3HawoK. H He noA03peBajiH TioMeHiH, hto 3to - 30^0T35i ;KHjia. Beab Ha ctojihmhom Ap6aTe
Te 7KQCaMMe 3H3MKH ctohjih MepBOHei HITyKa!
3HaMHT, TK: 6epeTe y ce6a b Tiomchh THCJmy nnoHepcKHx 3HaMKOB,
iuiaTHTe RecsiTh py6Jien h... miajeTe b KapM3H aecHTb Twcsm (npn6buib ao
100 000%!).
1.1.2. IIocpedHUHecmeo ( poKep na m ejie(poke)
Hflei a6co;iK)THO npocTa, oflHaico rjisi ee peajiH3au,HH noTpe6yeTCfl
onpeAejieHHaa oneparaBHOCTb. CyTb ee 3aioiioHaeTCH b cjie^yiomeM. J\oBOJIbHO H3CTO npHXOflHTCH BCTpe43Tb B pa3JIHMHMX peKJI3MHMX H3A3HH51X

o6i5iBjieHH$i, KaK 6h B33HMHO Aono;iH5iiomHe APyr Apyra. HanpHMep,

npoAaio HMnopTHHH yHHTa3", a BT Ox e BpeMH hmchho /amiasi Benib
npocTO Heo6xoAHMa ApyroMy rocnoAHHy, o MeM oh h coouaeT b cbocm
o6b5iBjieHHH. IIoweMy 6u b stom cjiywae He noaBHTbCH nocpeAHHKy, koTopbiii CBeji 6h 3aHHTepecoBaHHbie ctopohw, nojiyMHB 3a 3to c KaamoH H3
hhx onpeAejieHHbie komhcchohhwc? Ht3k ,.nopsmoK t3kob: npeacAe Bcero
Hy^CHO K a K M02KH0 6bICTpee H3yVIHTb ra3eTH Co6b5IBJieHH5IMH, cpa3y ace
nocjie hx BbixoAa b cbct, otmcthb npn 3tom CHMMeTpHHHwe noacejiaHHH
("npoflaeM K03yM- noKynaeM K03y). 3aTeM cjie^yiOT 3bohkh no
Bbi6paHHbiMBapnaHTaM, b pe3yjibTaTe uero h nojiy^aeTca o6mafl KapraHa
cnpoca h npeAJioaceHHH. Ilocjie 3Toro He npeflCTaB/rfleT Tpy^a cbccth acejiaionHe ctopohh APyr c ApyroM. Ecjih kto-to xoweT, AonycraM, 3KCKaBaTOp, TOnoepeAHHK CHHCXOAHTeJIbHbIMTOHOMC006maeT eMy, MTO3HaeT
oflHoro (hjih HecKOjibKHx) cy6i>eKTa, npoAsiomerooTjiHMHbra, noaieAHen
MOAejiH, 3KCKaBaTop. IlocpeAHHK ix)tob 3a HeKOTOpHH roHopap cnoco6crBOBaTb coBepineHHio cac^kh. TaKoe ace 33M3hmhboc npeAJioaceHHe cjie^yeT h npoA3Bii,3M - nocpeflHHK 3HaeT oahoik) rocnoAHHa, KOToporo M0acH0
yroBopHTb KynHTb 3Ty ropy pacaBoro acejie3a, npnqeM 3a Bect TpyA 6y^eT
AOCT3TOMHOK3KHX-HH6yflb 6%. B KOHIe KOHIOB, KB33HMHOMy yflOBJieTBopeHHio Bcex ctopoh CAejiKa ocymecTBjiieTC^,
1.1.3. OpzaHusanusi euicmopuH.
ZaHTe b ra3eTe o&bHBjieHHe npHMepHO tskofo coAepac3HHfl:

BnepBbie b H3ineM ropote!

n P U 3 10 000 py6^en

15

n p H H S B m e M y y^ acrae b b h k t o p h h c

YraAaHKa h

o tb c th b iiic m y

npaBMjibHo Ha Bce Hanm Bonpocn.

BHKTOpHHa COCTOHT H3 flByX TypOB.
Bonpocn nepBoro Typa:
1 . A b to p kh h fh C yab 6 a MejioBeKa".
2. H a 3 BaHne ocrpoBa IIIpH-JIamcH ao
3.
H c n o jiH H T e jib
CM OTpHTCJIb .

rjia B H O H

p o jiH

1972 r.
b

(m jib M e

O ra H iH O H H b iH

(KojiH^ecTBO h xaMecTBO BonpocoB noACKaaceT BaM Bama (J)aHTa3 HH).

O t b c t h Ha Bonpocbi 1 -ro Typa npncbuiaHTe no a^pecy (ejiaTejibHO HMeTb
a 6 oHeHTCKMH amnK Ha noMTe, mto6 h nwcbMa He num Ha Bam jOMamHHH
a^pec). B imcbMO He 3a 6 yAbTe b jio x h tb KOHBepT c BamHM aApecoM.
O t b c t h 1 - r o T y p a p a c c M a T p H B a iO T C s i b T e ^ e H H e a s y x n e ^ e j i b c o a h si
o n y d n H K O B a H H a b r a 3 e T e . Ecjih B h O T B e r a T e n p a B H j i b H o H a B o n p o c n 1 - r o
T y p a , m h BaM b h i h j i c m n n c b M O H a j i o a c e H H H M i u i a T e a c o M c n s i T b i o
B o n p o c a M H 2 - r o T y p a b h k t o p h h h c r o H M o c T b io 7 p y 6 .
Ilocjie t o i x ) , K aK B h a a f lH T e o 6 b 5 iB jie H H e (Bonpocn 1 -ro T y p a H e r o j it k H H 6 b IT b T p y A H H M H , M T o 6 h K B a M npH D U IO K aK MO)KHO 6 o J I b n i e OTBeTOB) ,
Hajio^ceHHHM iuiaTeacoM b 7 py 6 . BHCHjiaHTe Bonpocn 2-ro Typa h amHTe
AeHer. Bonpocn 2-ro Typa, KaK Bh noHsum, a o j i x h h 6 h t b 6ojiee
TpyflH H M H .
E c j i h 3 T y B H K T o p H H y n p o B e c T H , H a n p H M e p , b C m o j i c h c k c , h b h c h 6 y z e T
y ^ a c T B O B a T b x o t sl 6 h 5 T H c .M e ji., t o B h n o jiy M H T e 3 5 T H C .p y 6 .

1.1.4. H acmnoe u3damejibCKoe dejio.

3 t o oflHH H3 pacnpocTpaHeHHbix b h a o b 6 H3 Heca. B 3 aBHCHMOCTH o t B aHIHX B0 3 M0 H 0 CTeH OH M03KCT npHHCCTH npnbUIb OT AeCflTKOB THCflM
py6jien a o HecKOjibKMX m h j u i h o h o b .
AjITOpHTM 6H3HeCa AOCTaTOMHO HCCJIOXCHHH.
B H a M a jie B h onpeAejiiieTecb c p y K o n n c s iM H , KOTopne x o t h t c H3AaBaTb.
O t o M o a ceT 6 n T b c o jiH f lH a n K H H ra H 3 2 0 0 - 3 0 0 c r p a H H u ; h j i h 6 p o m i o p a b
5 - 1 0 C T p aH H L ). F Ip o c M H T H B a e T e n o T p e 6 H T e jib C K y io cTOHMOCTb T O B a p a h
p a c x o A H H a H 3 fla H H e . 3 a T e M A ^ J i a e r e p e ic jia M y b r a 3 e T e h a c ^ e T e n o c r y n jie H H fl f l e H e r H a Bain p a c ^ e r a H i i c ^ e T .
T e M a T H K a k h h t a j m H 3A H H & , n o jib 3 y io m H x c 5 i c n p o c o M y H a c e jie H H s i,
AOBOJIbHO o 6 u i H p H a . F Ip H B eA eM A Jia n p H M e p a pflA TCM, 3aH M CTBO BaH H H X
H 3 p e m i a M H H x p y 6 p H K r a 3 e T n o A 3arojiO B K O M B H n u ie M :
I l p a K T H q e c K o e n o c o 6 n e n o n p H M e H e H H io n r a p o K O p a c n p o c T p a H e H H H x
Jie K ap C T B eH H H X paC TCH H H B KOCMCTHKe, H apO A H O ii H H ayM H O H MeAHUMHC,
n p n r o r o B j ie H H H p a 3 JiH M H H x b h a o b *iasi ( r . B a p H a y j i )

16

HajioxeHHbiM iuiaTeacoM (36 py6.) KHHry c onncaHneM 3KOjiorHMecKH

cnoco6oB 6opb6bi OocTynHwx Ka^gOMy caAOBOAy h oropoAHHKy)
C TJieii,
KOJIOpaACKHM 2CyK0M,
AOJirOHOCHKOM,
MeABeAKOH,
npOBOJIOMHHKOM, KJieiIaMH, KaJIH(JX)pHHHCKOH H ApyiHMH BHAaMH IlHTOBOK, ryCCHHIliaMH, MyMHHCTOH POCOH, pxaBMHHOH H APyrHMH
BpeAHxe^HMH h 6o;ie3HsiMH, a TaK^ce MbiuiaMH h KpucaMH ( 170 peienTOB)

hhcthx

(r. ^HenponeTpoBCK)

H a j io x e H H B i M r u ia T e a co M n o 3 A p a B H T e jib H b ie c t h x h H a C B a A b 6 u h k > 6 h -

jien. LeHa 20 c t p o k 30 py6. Ilncam* r. H c ^ 5 i6 h h c k .

*

KHHry u3 bc3ah
JIHOHbl M H T aT ejieH

h cyAb6w , 390 crp., 55 py6. Eio HHTepecyiOTCfl m h j i (KocTpoMa)

Hajio^c. ruiaTe>KOM (50py6.) 10 BbiKpoeKactckoh oac^ aw (pa3Mep24iuiaTbfl, capac{)aH, koctiommhk, n0jiyK0M6HHe30H, nnxaMa
(KypraHCKaa o6 ji.)

34):

CTapHHHHH th 6ctckhh peienT mqjioaocth Hajiox. njiaT. (25 py6.). 3 a 5ibkh h kohbcpt no aApecy: r. BjiaAHMHp

HajioxeHHHM
njiaTeacoM
kophh
3jieyTep0K0Kica,
npHroTOBJieHHH h npneMa (ITphmopckhh xpan)

peuenT

J e m e B y i o h H e c jio a c H y io T e x H O jio r n io H 3 r 0 T 0 B jieH H 5i T y n iH AJifl p e c H H i

(^epHOH H IBeTHOH) B AOMaiHHHX yCJIOBH5IX. Tyinb CnOJie3HHMH AC)6aBxaMH, npeKpacHO yAJiHHJieT pecmmH. rincaTh: PoBeHCKaa o 6 j i. B KaxAoe
nncbMo BjioacHTe KOHBepT c BauiHM aApecoM h KBHTaHu,Hcif o nepeBOAe 20
py6.

3 a 1 0 p y 6 . p e i e n T o t j ii o 6 o h 6 o j i c 3 h h , r j i s l OM OJiaacH BaH Hfl, n o x y A e H H fl

(CTaBponojibCKHH Kpan)
17

MeTOflimecicoe noco6ne 3(J)ct)eKTHBHoro jieneHHsi ajiKoro;iH3Ma h noxMejibHoro CHHApoMa Ha ochobc HapoAHon MCjHiHHH. Bcero 25 py6. h b
BanieM aoMe HaBcer^a nocejiHTca m h p h corjiacne. IIomtobuh nepeBOA
HanpaBjiATb: flpocjiaBCKaa o6ji., r. raBpmioB-5lM, Ce^oBa, 4.
B rpa(f)e Jlnsi iracbMeHHoro coo6meHH5i pa3(5opHHBo yKaacHTe
o6paTHbiH a^pec.

Hajio^ceHHHM iuiaTeacoM (40 py6.) ^epTeacn HOBeiimeH AwaroHajibHOH

ara^cepKH y npomeHHon KOHcrpyKUHH (r. 3anopobe)

Hajio)KeHHHM iuiaTe^coM (28 py6.) peienTw crapHHHoft Hapo^HOH MeAHU.HHH npn jieMeHHH 0HK 0 Ji0 n m e c K H x h npeApaxoBbix 3a6o;ieBaHHH. B
nHCbMO BJIO^KHTe KOHBepT C o6paTHHM aApeCOM H KBHTaHUHIO o nepeBOZe
(r. OpeH6ypr)

MHcJopMau.HFO o 75 h3ashh5ix, npeAJiaraiomHx cboh crpaHHiH (b tom

MHCJie 6eciuiaTHo) ajih pa3MemeHH5i o&bflB^eHHH h pemiaMbi mbcthux jihii;
h opraHH3aiHH. HajioaceHHHM ruiaTeacoM 50 py6. (r. O p e ^ )

HajioaceHHHM iuiaTeacoM AOKyMeHTaiHio HecjioacHoro npn6opa

ajieKTpomoK o r xyjraraHOB 37 py6. (r. K hcjioboack)

HajioxeHHHM
iuiaTeacoM
100
npoBepeHHwx
peieirroB rjisi
MHKpOBOJIHOBOH IieMH H3 AOCTynHHX IipOAyKTOB, BKJIIOWafl TOpTH,
Bapema. IeHa 100 py6 (r. riepMb)

HajioxceHHWM ruiaTeatOM pacreHHH ao 70

KOHBepT c o6paTHMM aApecoM (r. TauiKeHT)

18

bhaob.

B nnchMo Bjioaorrb

X e jn a io m H e 3aHHTbC5i HH TepecH H M h o^eHb a o x o a h h m acjiom p a 3BeAeHweM x o h o p h k o b - b h h u iio n oApo6 H y io H H crp yK iH io (o6 m n e c s e AeHHH, yc/iOBHfl coAepacaHHa, cjiym ca , B upauH BaH H e MOJiOAHflica,
KOpMJieHHe, 3a 6 oH, CHHTHe IHKypKH, BHACJIKa, ()OJie3HH) . IIpHM epHH H AOXOA OT OAHOH CaMKH 3a C3 0 H - 5 0 T H C .p y 6 . PaCXOA KOpMOB Ha nHTb CSMOK
c n p n iu io A O M aHajiorHM eH OTKopM y o a h o h c b h h b h . 3 BepeK OMeHb
HenpHXOTJIHB B COAepacaHHH. PiHCTpyKUMH BblCWJiaeTCH HaJIO^eHHWM

iuiaTe^coM. L e H a oahoix) 3X3. - 2 0 0 p y 6 .3 a s iB K H c

n p H C b u ia T b n o a A p e c y : r . HCJIH6HHCK

KBHTaHiHeii nepeB O A a

CTapHHue HapoAHHe m c t o a h , c noMoubio k o t o p h x Bac nojuo6T h j i h

6yA yT Jiio 6 H T b C H jib H ee;M eT O A H K y raA aH H 5 iH aK ap T ax ( 1 2 p y 6 . ) ( r. P obho)
*

MyjKMHHaM K ajieH Aapb a jih 3aMaTM5i p e6eH K a (MajibHHica h jih a c b o m k h )

(r. Khpob, iuiaTexcoM 43 py6)

A A p eca HHOCTpaHHbix
C I1 IA , K aH aA H , A h iv ih h , A B crpajiH H , ko TOpbie 3aHHMaiOTC5I TpyAOyCTpOHCTBOM COBeTCKHX rpa>KAaH, 1 0 0 - %
rapaH TH a. IIoMTOBbiH nepeBOA 1 5 p y 6 . + k o h b c p t c BauiHM aA pecoM b h c h jiaiiT e: r. YpreHM

H /n KOMiuieKTH BHKpoeK jiio6hx pa3MepoB jiio6oh jierxoH oaokaw (3

moacjih) - 1 5 py6., jiio6oh BepxHeii oAeacAH (2 moacjih) - 2 0 py6. c omicaHHAMH. MHHHMyM 3aTpaT, h Bainn Aera 6yAyT BHrjiHAeTb npeKpacHo, ecjih Bh nepenibere CTapue Bemn no HauiHMBHKpoHKaM. 3aica3H no aApecy:
r. Hhxhhh HoBropoA

H a jio a ce H H b iM ruiaTe>KOM MeTOAHKy B5i3aHH5i m o a h h x n y jio B e p o B , a K e T O B -2 5 0 p y 6 .,2 0 B H A O B , 1 1 0 o 6 p a 3 u o B B H 3 K H - 1 2 0 p y 6 . (M H H C K a a o 6 ji.)

A A p e c a 4 3 0 yHHBepcHTeTOB H ayw H H M p a 6 o ra H K a M h n p e n o A a B a T e jisiM ,

^c e jiaio m H M c a m o c t o h t c ji bH o H a i n u p a f x n y 3 a r p a H H u e ii (B h t c 6 c k ) . B jio >KHTb KOHBepT c o6paT H H M aA pecoM

19

Cnoco6 nojiy^eHHfl a6 jio^ hopo yiccyca, npMMeHeHHa ero

HapoAHOH MeAHiHHe. 25 py6. + KOHBepT (r. XepcoH)

Mesa

HajioaceHHHM iuiaTe^OM cpomho TexHajiormo noBHineHHsi ypoacasi

Kaprocfrejifl b 2 pa3a h 6ojiee nyTeM npocToro bo3achctbh5i Ha pacTeHHe
nocjie noca^KH ao iBeTeHHsi - 28 py6.(r. CaMapa). IIpHimiHTe KOHBepr c
ajpecoM.

TexAOKyMeHTau,Hio rjisi h3idtob jichhh b AOMauranx ycjiOBHix npoCTOH, 3(J)4)eKTHBHOH 3JieKTpOHHOH yAOMKH (M0CK0BCKafl 0(5jl.).

YHHKajibHwe HcnwTaHHije Tn6eTCKHe peien rn mojioaocth - 75 py6.,

o r HMnoTeHu,HH - 50 py6., 3ojioTyxH - 50 py6., BecHymeK - 30 py6. IlHCfaMO
+ KOHBepT + KBHTaHiHio o nepeBOAe (r. XapbKOB.).

HajioaceHHbiM ruiaTeacoM (70 py6.) c6ophhk 3aroBopoB (r. IO;KHO-CaXaJIHHCK).

* *

Bcero 3a 25 py6. peienT npnroTOBeHHH TyuiH rjisi pecHHi (r. JlnnoBiH

IIpHMopcKoro Kpaa).
*

* *

Cnoco6n H3ixyroBjieHH5i H3 TpaB npenapaTOB c noMoubio kotophx 3a

3-4 HeaejiH Bh H36aBHTecb ot: HMnoTenuHH - 100 py6., BeHepH^ecKHx
3a6ojieBaHHH, paKOBnx, cepAeMHo-cocyAwcTHx 3a6ojieBaHHH - 150 py6.,
racTpHTa, h3bh acejiyAKa - 80 py6. B nncbMO-3aflBKy BjioacHTe AeHbra hjih

KBHTaHiHio o nepeBOAe h hhcthh kohbcpt c o6paTHHM aApecoM (r. KpaMaTopcK).

* *

PaflHOJiK)6HTejiHM no 3aKa3y jiione MHKpocxeMH cepHii: 142, 155,

176/555, 565, 573, 580, 780, TpaH3HCTopn, paAHOJiaMnn b jiio6om kojih-

20

wecTBe. ^Ke^ aiom ne nojiy^ H Tb KaTajior nepe*m cjiHTe 5 p y 6 . (r. B o jir o rp aA ).

HajioxeHHHM iwaTeacoM aiciHH n rp u (JwpMhi 3 j i h K , ieHa 65 py 6 .,

BHHrpHni 1.376.900 py 6 . (r. CTaxaHOB).

HajiOKeHHHM iuiaTeacoM 300 p y 6 . y c ra s MacTHoro npeAnpHATHfl (3aJIOXeHH BCeBHAHAeaTJIbHOCTH) . y lOpHCTa CTOHT2000 p y 6 . (r. XOMyTOBO
OpjIOBCKOH o6jiaCTH).

C T a p H H H H ii peu,enT. C ero n oM onbio b h CMO^eTe nonpaBHTbcsi a o 3 K r

b He^ejiio h jih o^eHb 6 w c tp o yBejiHMHTb oTAejibHbie ynacT K H Tejia He3abhchm o o t B a rn e ro Beca h 6 e 3 y m e p 6 a An* 3AopoBb 5i. K o H B e p r c BauiH M
ajpecoM h KBHTaHu,HK) 06 o iu ia T e 25 p y 6 . (r. PBaHOBo).
*

P e u ,e n T H M a3H o t r e M o p p o a , rp n K O B b ix h k o x h u x 3a 6o ^ e s a H H H ,
6poH X H T a. 1 p e i e n T - 50 p y 6 . IloHTOBbiM nepeBOAOM K BH TaHiHio h 3asiBK y
B bicjiaT b n o a A p e c y : K p tiM , r . 5 jr r a .

MeroAHKy jieMeHHa ypHHOTepanweH 3a 6o;ieBaHHH AwxaTejibHwx nyTe, ejiyAKa, ne^eHn, KMineMHHKa ajuiepran k o ;k h , 3JiOKaMecTBeHHHx
onyxojiei (30 ) c h c o 6 x oahm oh a h c t o h (50 ), KOHcyjibTauHen o npHMeHeh h h ( 10 ). KjBHTaHUHH h KOHBepT (r. TaraHpor).

H a jio x e H H b iM iuiaTeacoM MeTOAHicy ycTaHOBKH h c x e M y ycrpoH CTBa

npoAJieHHH cpoK a cjiy^c 6 bi KHHecKonoB b 3-4 pa3a, oco 6 eHHO MOAejieii 3
yCU,T - 100 p y 6 . (r. IleTponaBJiOBCK-KaMMaTCKHH).

IIpocTOH h 3 (J)(J)eKTHBHbiH p e ien T ^eMeHHH reM oppo a . B o ;ie 3Hb n p o x o A h t b TeweHHe h cac/ih . 20 p y 6 . h KOHBepr c o 6 paTHWM aApecoM o T n p a B jiflHTe: r. IlIaAPHHCK.

21

IloMTOBHe MapKH paa/iHMHHx CTpaH HajioaceHHHM iuiaTeacoM no pa 3hhm TeMaM Ha cyMMy He MeHee 70 py6. Ilp n 3aica3e nnuiHTe HyacHwe tcm h
h cyMMy. BbinojiHeHHe 33Ka3a b Te^eHHe Ayx HeAe^b ( r . Khpob) .

TpaBOjie^eHHe ajuiepnmecKoro AwaTe3a. 15 py6. +

IlepMb).

KOHBepT. (r.

P e u e n T ro ju iaH A C K o ro c w p a h c w p a c 3e jie H b io . P e u ,e n T w n p o c T t i h a oCTynHW JJJLSI npHPOTOBJieHHfl B AOMaiUHHX yCKOBHflX. 3 a flB K y , KBHT3HU,HK)

(moxho K o n n io ) 06 o iu ia T e 2 0 p y 6 . noHTOBMM nepeBOAOM oT n p aB H T b n o
aA p ecy : r . E peB aH .

MeTOAHKy co3A3HH5i npeAnpHHTHit 6e3 HSJioroo&ioxceHHfl no 33KOHy.

FIomtobwh nepeBOA 100 py6.(r. H0B0Ky3HeiK).

K H H ra n o B b im e H H o ro c n p o c s , ie H b i A o ro B o p H b ie ( r . 3 a n o p o a c b e ) .

P e i e i r n * jieMeHHH
BjiaAHBOCTOK.

paH

h h3b.

IIoMTOBbiH nepeBOA 2 0

py6.

Ha aApec:

r.

HHTeHCHBHoe BwpamHB3HHe KapTo4>ejw 800-1200 Kr c cotkh eaceroAHO

- 40 py6., np0H3B0ACTB0 6woryMyca 3a 30 AHeft c Hcn0Jib30B3HHeM MecTHHX H3B03HMX HepBeH, n03B0JIHK)nee nOAHflTb ypoacaHHOCTb AO 60% ,
npoAyKTHBHOCTb CKOTa h nTHiw ao 30% , mo;kho 3apa6oTaTb py6jIH H BajiiOTy. H 3 1 t HaB03a ao 700 Kr 6noryMyca, pacxoA 25-40 Kr Ha coTKy - 50
py6. HajioaceHHMM iuiaTeacoM Ha 20% Aopoace. 3asiBKH H3 pecny6jiHK
(KpoMe P C O C P ) BbinojiHfliOTCfl m n b K O no npeAon^aTe ( r . KpacHOy(J)HMCK).

22

H a A e x H U H , n p o B e p eH H H H npaKTHKOH, n p o c r o i i , A O crynH H H xaxcAOM y

c n o c o 6 co3AaHH5i H a w a jib H o ro K a n H T a jia . I I o u t o b h h nepeB O A 4 5 p y 6 . ( H a jio ^ e H H H M iu ia T ea co M H a 7 5 % A o p o a c e ). K B H T aH iH io h m h c t h h k o h b c p t
Ha n p a B jisiH T e n o a f lp e c y : r . K H p o B O -H e n e iK .

C 6 o p h h k A f lp e c a (J)h p m , n p e f ljia r a io m H x p a 6 o T y npeACTaBH TejiHM , H e

T p e6 y K > m y io c n e u jia jib H H x HaBHKOB . 3 a ic a 3 h k o iih io K BH Tam H H H a 3 0
p y 6 . B H c w jiaH T e n o a a p e c y : 3 4 1 0 5 0 , r . M a p n y n o j i b , a / a 2 4 3 8 , flm y H H H
I O .M .

C x e M y 3jieK T p 0 3 B y K 0 B 0 ik npH M aH K H jy i* j io b j ih p w 6 . I l p o c r a b c 6 o p -

Ke, 3(J)<t)eKTHBHa B AeHCTBHH. B IIHCbMO BJIO^KHTe KBHTaHUHIO nOMTOBOIX)

n e p eB O fla 1 0 0 p y 6 .

Reno (CKB), H e T p e 6 y io m e e 3aT paT , t c m , kto h m c c t KOHTaKT, B w e 3 a ca eT 3 a p y 6 e a c . IlepeB O fl 2 0 p y 6 . c o c b o h m a ^ p ecoM oTnpaBjiHHTe: t . B h h H H ia.

fla^HHKaM h caAOBOflaM 3aix)TOBKH Ha 3HMy Bcex bhaob aida h (frpyKtob 6e3 eAHHOH jio2kkh c a x a p a ! ieHa mctoahkh c iioao6 hhm o n n ca m ie M
c n o co 6 o s xpaH eH H fl - 3 8 p y 6. llp n im iH T e 3aaBKy h KOHBepx c BaniHM 06paxHbiM a a p e c o M . O iu ia T a Ha n o w e n p n no^ y^ eH H H (r. M arH H T orop cK ).

O iiht jie^eHHH noTepn o6 ohsihhsi

(r.

XapbKOB).

Pa3^HMHbie CHCTeMbi cnopTJiOTO h cnoprnporH03a (r. CapaTOB). Bjio2KHTb KOHBepT.

H A p y rn e r ^ a B H o e b H3ASTejibCKOM 6 n 3 H e c e - H e H a p y m a T b aBTopcKHx n p a B h H e
n o A n a A a T b b c b h 3 h c sthm no A o n p e A e jie H H y io CTaTbio 3 aico H a.
H y h b 3 a B e p m e H H e axoro p a 3 A e jia npH M H T e H ecicojibK o cobctob.

Bo-nepBbix, crapaHTecb CTaTb peajibHHMH co6crBeHHHKaMH CBoero Aejia. HaMHHaiiTe c Majioro, ho Barnero. Kohcmho, Bh MoaceTe BJioatHTb
AeHbra b aKUHH KpynHoro npeAnpHHTHi, ho CMoaceTe jih Bh B03AeHCTB0-

23

BaTb Ha ero crpaTeraio h T a x ra x y ? B h CTaHeTe 3aji 0^cHHK0M pemeHHH, He

BMH npHHHTHX.
B o -b to p h x , bck) hjih noMTH bcio npnbuib o t aesrrejibHOCTH Bam ero
npeflnpHflTHff HyacHO BKjiaflHBaTb b o6opot. Hco6xoahm o iiocto5ihho pacmHp5ITbC5I, HCKaTb HOBHe B03M0H0CTH. MepHKaHlH FOBOpAT: K tO
TpaTHT Ha cboh Hy^KflH Bce 3apa6oTaHHHe AeHbra, t o t AejiaeT hhii^hmh
cbohx AeTen". fle jia a AeHbrn jih6o Ha Toprosjie, jih6o Ha ApyroM bhtoahom
Aejie, He crpeMHTecb h x TpaTHTb cpa3y Ha cboh 6nTOBHe n0Tpe6H0CTH.
IIoTepnHTe. Co3Aas cboh xanHTaji b pa3Mepe 200-300 THC.py6., B h cmoTK&Tt orpHBaTb He6ojn>mHe cyMMH Ha cboh 6 h t , He Bpeflfl 6ojibmoMy K a nHTajiy. O h 6yfleT yace p a cra , KaK CHextHHH kom, xaTonHHCsi c ro p n .
BpeMfl o t BpeMeHH o t 3Toro xoMa mo^cho oTjiaMHBaTb KycKH, to ecTb cpeACTBa Ha Banm HyjK#H. HeM 6ojibme kom, tcm 6ojibiue KycKH. A noxa sanMHTeCb M6JIKHM 6H3HeCOM, C03AaBaHTe nepBHTOHH KanHTajI.

B-TpeTbHx, BKjiaflHBaiiTe fleHbra b to, hto, KaK npaBHjio, He o6ecueHHBaeTC5i. 3 to npe*^e Bcero 3eMjiii h HeABH;xHMOCTb. OpraHH3yHTe cj)epmh, nepeaejiHBaHTe AOMa iioa rocTHHHiH h xacj)e. CjieAyeT OTMeTHTb,
vito cnexyjisiTHBHHH (nocpeAHHMecKHH) HaBap y Macra o6mecrBa - hcaojiroBe^eH. BeAb bo BceM Mupe c3mhmh 6oraTHMH jiioa&mh hbjmk)tc npoH3BOAHTejiH. y Hac ace noxa caMHe 6oraTHe - npoAaBUhi.
H o nepeTarHBaHHe xaHaTa b CTopoHy np0H3B0ACTBa y Hac HaMHeTcsi, h
OMeHb cxopo. n o Mepe ycraHOBjieHHH nojiHTHMecxoii h axoHOMHwecxoH
CTa6mibHOCTH BKjiaAHBaTb AeHbrn b ToproBjiio craHeT HeBHroAHO. T orA a
npHAercfl BxjiaAHBaTb hx b iipoh3boactbo.
Eue Taxoii momcht: Ha 3a pe xoonepaTHBHoro ABHaceHHJi np 0 H3B0AHTejihm noMTH HeB03M0^H 0 6hjio Ao6H Tb Cbipbe. Oho TorAa p a c n p e A e jia jio c b
MaTepwajibHO-TexHHMecxHM CHa6aceHHeM. Cen^ac 3Toro npensiTCTBH5i
HeT, ho Hy^KHH AeHbrn. H 6o ecjiH ecrb AeHbrn, xynHTb yace He npojieMa.
n 03T0My h TeHAeHUHA x 6aprepy iiomth 3axoHMHjiacb.
1 .2 .

H a n p a e j i e H H f l p a 3 BHTH*i

cBoero

a e jia ( n p H p a m e m ie

xanH Tajia)
B h nponuiH nepnoA nepBOHa*iajibHoro HaxoiuieHHH xanHTajia, ycBOHjra onpeAejieHHne HaBHKH 6n3Heca, mctxo onpeAejinjiH xaxHM acjiom B h
6yAeTe 3aHHMaTbCH. rioAyMaHTe, MoaceT BaMHeHaAO jiOMaTbrojioBy, mto
AejiaTb Aajibnie, a ctoht pa3BHBaTb to acjio, xoTopoe y Bac y e yAaMHo
nojiyrajiocb Ha nepBOM 3Tane. HanpHM ep, B h Ha^a/ra c mcjixoh ToproBjiH
OBOnaMH Ha yjmiax, 3aTeM npHo6pejiH xhocx, Mara3HH. flajiee B h moeTe xynHTb rpy30B0H aBTOMonjib AJiflA0CTaBXH0B0meHc6a3H, 3aTeM
nocrpoHTb cocTBeHHHe xpaHHjiHiia, a b xoHie xohuob 0praHH30BaTb
co6cTBeHHyio cfrepMy h t .a .
H jih , HawaB c ToproBjiH b po3HHiy paAHOTOBapaMH, KOMnbiOTepaMH h
ApyroH TexHHxoii, B h motkqtq C03AaTb xpynH yio ToproByio xoMnaHHio,
cneuHajiH3Hpy5icb Ha stom bhac TOBapoB.

24

Hjih, Ha^as c pa3pa6oTKH HecKOjibKHx nporpaMM Ha 3B M no AoroBopy

c npeanpHHTHHMH, Bw MOJKeTe co3AaTb cojiHAHyio 4>HpMy, cneunajiH3H-

pyiomyioca Ha nporpaMMHpoBaHHH.
Ha^aB c pocroBmHMecKoro K anH T ajia, B h MoaceTe co speMeHeM o t -

CBOH 6aHK.
HaMaB c m c jik o h nocpeAHH^ecKOH AeflTe^bHocra, Bbi M oacere co3AaTb

KpblTb

cb o k ) 6 p o K e p c K y io KOHTopy, KynHTb h j ih B35iTb b apeH A y MecTO Ha 6 n p e * ,

h TaK A a jie e.
Ho, MoaceT 6w T b , Bh 6pocH T e t o , mcm 3aHHMajiHCb p a H e e , h H a^H eTe

peajiH30BbiBaTb HOByio H^eio.

TaKHM 0 6 p a 3 0 M , ecjin y B ac ecTb nepBOHa^ajibHHH K anH Taji, ecTb H e6ojibina5i npaKTHKa pa6oTH Ha pwHKe, ecTb cepbe3Hasi H/ea npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AeflTejibHocrH - 3HaMHT BaM oieAyeT HanHHaTb cepbe3Hoe
co6cT B eH H oe a c j io .

2. K A K H A H A T b C O E C T B E H H O E A E JIO
Ha nepBOM 3Tane npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AeaTejibHocTH - STane nepBOHaMajibHoro HaKoiuieHHH Kannrajia - HHorAa hct hco6xoahmocth yqpeam aT b

CBoe

n p e A n p H s m ie .

flocraTOMHO , fiojiyMHTb

naTeH T

Ha

HHAHBHAyaJIbHO-TpyAOByiOACflTeJIbHOCTb HJIHnOJiyMHTb perHCTpaiJ,HK) Ha

npaBo npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AeflTejibHocra 6e3 c6pa30BaHH5i lopHAHqeC K o ro jm ia . M 0 ^ c H 0 T a K eH c n 0 jib 3 0 B a T b uK p b im y A eiiC TByiom H x n p e A npHHTHH
H
(J)HpM
HJIH
3aHHMaTbC5I
npeAnpHHHMaTCJIbCKOH
AeflfejibHOCTbK), Boo6me HHrAe He peracTpHpyjicb. T a K , AencTByiomee 3 a -

KOHOAaTejibCTBO He npeAycMaTpHBaeT rocyAapcTBeHHon pefticrpauHH

rp a a m a H , C A aiom n x BHaeM crpoeH H H , K B ap n ip b i b ap eH A y , r a p a a c n , 3 b t o m o 6 h jih h A P y r o e HMymecTBO, a T a ie r e p a 6 o r a io m H x n o AoroBopaM n o A p5iAa, n o jiy w a io m H x a o x o a h o t b h a o b A eflT ejib H ocra, a o x o a h o t k o t o p h x
He od ^ araiO T ca H ajioroM , H anpH M ep, a o x o a h o t noA C o6H oro xo3HHCTBa).

To ecTb, Ha nepBOM 3Tane npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKoii AeflTejibHocrH (a

M H orae j iio a h ocTaiorca h m c h h o Ha 3 to m yp oB H e npeAnpHHHM aTejibCKoii
AenTejibH ocTH ) H e o6ii3aT ejib H o y^H T bca b uiKOJiax 6 n 3 H e c a , 3aKaHWHBaTb
HHCTHTyTH H yHHBepCHTCTH.
ZOCTaTOMHO HMeTb K3KHC-TO Cn0C06H0CTH, ACJIOByiO XB3TKy, 3JieMCHT a p H b ie 3HaHH5I B apH(J)M eTHKe.
H to K a c a e r c a npeAnpHHHMaTejieii, nepeerynaiomHx nepBHH 3Tan H a-

KonjieHHfl HaMajibHoro KanHTajia h crpeMflmHxca k yBejiH^eHHio (npnpauHBaHHio) CBoero KanHTajia, to perHCTpau,H5i CBoero npeAnpHHTHsi c
npaBOM lopHAHnecKoro jrnia aji hhx Heo6 xoAHMa. TaK ace, KaK Heo6 xoAhmo w ix hhx rjiy6oKoe H3y*ieHHe 33kohob pwHKa, skohomhkh npeAnpnhthh, MeHeA>KMeHTa, MapKeTHHra h t.a.

* Cm. k h BejiHJioea A.3. n p a u o s b ie h 3KouoMH4ecKne o c i i o b u

h 6p0KepCK0H AesrrejibiiocTH, M .: MBU, AMTOJIAH, 1992. - 210

6 h p > k cb o h

ToproejiH

c.

25

KaK 6 hjio 0TMeMeH0 BHiue, 6H3Hec HanimaeTCH c HAeii, noA KOTopne

3aTeBaeTCH Ae;io. Ho, npeacAe ^eM Ha^aTb ero, nepeiiTM ot HaMepeHHH k
hciio/ ihchmio, HyacHo npoaHajiH3HpoBaTb, npoBepHTb BOo6pa^:aeMoe
cooTBeTCTBHe Hflew peajibHOMy norpe6HTejibCKOMy cnpocy. KoHKpera3aUHfl h aHajiH3 HAeii npeflnojiaraiOT paccMOTpeHHe ajibTepHaTHB, KaK cnoco6cTByiomHx, TaK h 3aTpyflHHioiuHx HanpaBjieHHe 3aTeBaeMoro ejia, Ha
kotopom cocpeflOTaMHBaiOTC5i 3aTeM ycHjiHH h HaMHHaeTC5i TmaTejibHaa
nozroroBKa. flejiaeTca pac^eT npn6HjiH, KOTopyio cyjiHT hach, c{)aHTa3HH,
npoeKTH, co6cTBeHHHH onbiT, npeo6pa3yK)HHHC5 nocreneHHO b zejiOByio
CTpaTerHIO. HOACMHTHBaiOTCff B03M02KHHe H HeH36e^CHbie H3Aep^CKH.
P a c c M a T p H B a iO T c a H e n p e A B H A e H H H e o S a r o s iT e jib C T B a , K o x o p n e

B cer^a

B CIU IH BaiOT.

HeM m npe oxBaT nary6HHx 06cT05rrejibcrB, tcm ycneiHHee BHeApenne

Ha pwHOK, TeM HaAeacHee Aejio, tcm cnoKOHHee h paAOcraee Bama AejiOBaa
h ceMenHa y^rnub.
ConpaeTCH HH(})opMaiHtt o noTpenTejie Bauinx T0Bap0B, ycjiyr, o
KOHKypeHTax, o ieHax, o coiHajibHo-nojiHTHHecKon CHTyau,HH.
IlapajuiejibHO B h a o jix h u 3aHHMaTbCH perHCTpaiHen CBoero
n p eA n p H H T H fl.

CorjiacHO CTaTbe 34 3aKOHa PC O C P uO npeAnpHsrniHx h npejnpHHHMaTejIbCKOH fleHTejIbHOCTH B P C O C P HOIOJIKOM COBeTa HapOAHHX ACnyTaTOB AOJiaceH npoH3BecTH perHCTpau,Hio npeAnpHHTHsi b MCCimHHH
cpoK c MOMeHTa noAaMH 3asiBjieHH5i c npHjio^eHHeM yqpeAHTejibHbix AO
KyMeHTOB. IIpH noAa^e AOKyMeHTOB Ha perHcrpaiHio b komhcchio HcnojiKOMa Ha btopom 3K3eMn^Hpe 3aBjieHHH BaM aojijkhh CAe;iaTb noMeTKy o
TOM , MTO A O K y M e H T H IipH H 5UIH TaKOIX)-TO MHCJia, HOCTaBH Tb nOAIIHCb H
n iT a M n .

HanoMHHaeM, mto rjix perHCTpaiiHH HHAMBHAyajibHoro (ceMeimoro)

MacTHoro npeAnpHHTHH b hoio;ikom hco6xoahmo npeACTaBHTb:
A B a 3 K 3 e M i u i a p a 3 a siB jieH H fl o p e n iC T p a iH H ;
oahh 3 K 3 e M n ji 5ip pemeHHH y^peAHTe^bHoro c o 6 p a H H ( n p n peracrpaiH H c e M e iiH o r o n p e A n p H H T H fl) ;
n H T b 3 K 3 e M n jia p o B y c T a B a ;
A O K y M eH T H , n o A T B e p x A a io i i H e M eci'O H axo> K A eH H e n p e A n p H H T H n ;

KBHTaHUHio 0 6 o njiate perHcrpaiHOHHoro c6opa (ecjiH TaKOBOH yeraHOBJieH HCnOJIKOMOM).

B p^Ae c jiyw aeB hoiojikom h, onpeAettflfl nopsiAOK pemcTpaiHH, M oryT

ycTBHaBjiHBaTb h A P yrw e Tpe6oBaHHH HanpHMep, HajiHMHe rapaHTHHHoro
nHCbMa, nopy^HTejibCTBa nacTHoro mixa o6 HcnojiHeHHH b 3 othx Ha ce6
o65i3aTejibCTB. Il0 3 T 0 M y a o CAa^H AOKyMeHTOB Ha p e r H c r p a itfiio H e o 6 x o -

Ahmo yTowHHTb AaHHHH nopsiAOK b komhcchh HcnojiKOMa a o perHcrpaiHH.

B TeMeHHe Mecaia hokvikom MecTHoro CoBeTa HapoAHHx AenyTaTOB
o6fl3aH 3aperHCTpnpoBaTb npeAnpHHTHe ;ih 6o AaTb M0THBHp0BaHHHH otKa3 b ero peracTpaiHH. IIpH 3tom otk33 no MOTHBy Heue^ecoo6pa3Hoc
b ero co3AaHHH He AonycKaeTca.

26

B perH crp aiH H MoaceT 6htb OTKa3aHO jnnib b c j iy ^ a e H apym eH H si y c TaHOBjieHHoro 3aKOHOAaTejibCTBOM nop^A K a e r o co3AaHHH. H a n p H M ep ,
npH HeCo6^K>ACHHH Tpe6oBaHHH K CXj)OpMJieHHK) yiipeAHTeJIbHHX AOKyMeHTOB JIh6 o HX HeCOOTBeTCTBHH 3aKOHOAaTejIbCTBy.
B pflfle cjiy^aeB, no Bainen HHHinaTHBe, mojkho npeAOcraBHTb b hcnojiKOM TexHHK0-3K0H0MHHecK0e oocHosaHHe pa6oTH Bamero 6yAymero npeflnpHiTM h p5iA Apyrnx AOKyMeHTOB. OflHaKO, Tpe6oBaHHe o
npeAOCTaBjieHHH sthx AonojiHHTejibHHx AOKyMeHTOB c/ieAyeT paccMaxpHBaTb KaK He3aK0HH0e aaace b Tex cjiyMaax, KorAa oho o4>Hu,HajibHo
o<Jx)pNuieHo pemeHHeM ncnojiKOMa hjih CoBera HapoAHHx AenyTaTOB.
KaK cjieAyeT bccth ce6si b cjiy*iae Tpe6oBaHH MecrHHx BjiacreH o npeAOCTaBJieHHH AOnOJIHHTCJbHBIX AOKyMeHTOB? I l p e ^ C Bcero, Hy^CHO pa3o6paTbcn, mto 3to 3a Tpe6oBaHH h ecrb jih nyTH aji 6bicrpeHinero hx
pemeHHn: nojiyMHTb aaicjiioMeHHe hjih, AonycrHM, BHecra H3MeHeHH5i b
ycraB, yTOMHHB (JjopMyjmpoBKH KaKoro-jin6o nyHKTa.
E cjih ace Tpe6oBaHH TpyAHO BbmouiHHMu h 3aAepacaT perHCTpaiHio
npeAnpHATHfl, a TaKace ecjiH Bh c w ra e r e hx Heo6ocHOBaHHHMH, BaM
aieAyeT o6paraTbC5i b cyA.
Ho MoacHO nonHTaTbca peumTb 3tot Bonpoc HHaue:
) o6paTHTbca c npocb6on o perHCTpauHH b HcnojiKOM CoBeTa HapoAh h x AenyTaTOB Apyroro pawoHa;
) noAaTb acajio6y Ha HenpaBHjibHHe achctbhi b BbiuiecToamHH Hcnojikom hjih CoBeT HapoAHHx AenyTaTOB.
Ecjih ace Bonpoc b ncnojiKOMe Apyroro pawoHa hjih BbiuiecTOfliieM no
OTHomeHHio k HcnojiKOMy opraHe He 6 yAer pemeH, cjieAyeT oparaTbCJi c
HCKOBHM 3 aSIBJieHHeM b cyA-

HcKOBoe 3aaBjieHHe Ha Henpa BOMepHh h OTKa3 ncnojiKOMa b peracrpaiHH noAaeTCH b cyA no MecTy HaxoacAeHHa ncnojiKOMa Mecraoro CoBeTa
HapoAHHx AenyTaTOB He no3AHee MecsmHoro cpoKa c MOMerna nojiy^eHHsi
pememui 06 OTKa3e. Ecjih Bac He yAOBjieTBopHT pemeHHe cyAa, B h BnpaBe
ero oacajioBaTB b BHinecT05iiiyi0 cyAe6Hyio HHCTaHu,Hio b cootbctctbhh
c npaBHjiaMH rpaacAaHCKoro cy AonpOH3BOACTBa.
Bh TaKace B n p aB e o6paT H T bc b cyA h b tom o i y q a e , ecjiH ro cy A a p cT BeHHa# perHCTpaiH npeAnpHsmi5i He npoH3BeAeHa b yCTanoBjieHHHH
CpOK.

PemeHHe o perHcrpaiHH ycTaBa npeAnpHaTHsi AOJiacHO 6nTb ocfropMjieycTaHOBjieHHOH <J>opMe Ha c{)HpMeHHOM 6jiaHKe
ncnojiKOMa, noAnncaHO npeAceAaTejieM (3aMecTHTejieM npeAceAaTejui)
ncnojiKOMa h ceKpeTapeM (3aBeAyiomHM nporoKOJibHOH wacrbio) ncnojiKOMa. noAnHCH 3thx AOJiacHOCTHHx jihu, AOJiacHH 6HTb CKpeiuieHH Kpyrjioif newaTbio HcnojiKOMa.
He 06x 0AHM0 HMeTb b bh Ay, mto rjix AajibHenmeH AeaTejibHocTH no opraHH3auHH npeAnpHiTHsi BaM narpeyiOTCi KonHH pemeHHH ncnojiKOMa,
b CB5I3H c MeM npH ot|>opMjieHHH AOKyMeHTOB npeAnpHsiTHH b 3tom ace HCnojiKOMe MoacHO OA-HOBpeMeHHO 3aBepHTb h KonHH. MoacHO TaKace ocfcopMHTb KOnHH B HOTapnajIbHOH KOHTOpe.
ho b nncbMeHHOM BHAe no

27

Ilocjie nojiyueH H H penieHM o perHcrpaiHH y c r a B a npeAnpHHTHH Bac

Heo6xoflHMo:

a) o6paTHTtC5i b 6aHx c npocb6ow OTxpbiTb p a c ^ em u n cmct. B c o o tb ctctb h h c 3aKOHOM PCOCP 0 npeAnpHsiTHiix h npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKOH flejrrejibHOCTH b PCOCP Bh sn p a B e Bbrpaxb 6aHK no CBoeMy ycMOTpcHHio
AJifl ocynecTBjieHHfl xpeAHTHo-pac*ieTHoro o6aiy*HBaHH;
6)
BcraTb Ha yweT b Haji0r0B0H HHcnexiHH (npn Heo6xoAHMC>cra h
OTflejie He^KHjiwx noMeneHHH) paHHcnojixoMa;
b) n o 4>aKTy n ojiyM eH iw c^ eT a b 6 a H x e HanpaBHTb HaM ajibHHxy (J)HHaHcoboix) ynpaBjieH H H p aifH cn o jix o M a sasiBjieH H e o npHATHH npe#npHOTH5i
Ha y ^ e T (b p^A e c jiy ^ a e B H cn ojixoM hi caMocTOHTejibHO o cy m ecrB jiH io T n o craHOBKy Ha y ^ e T ) ;
r) o6paTHTbCJi b panoHHoe OT^ejieHne ynpaBjieHHH BHyTpeHHHx jeji c
3aBJieHHeM o pa3pemeHHH na M3roxoBJieHHe xpyrjioM newaTH h nrraMnoB.

OnwT noKa3biBaeT, m to co3#aHHe jno6oro KOMMepwecxoro npeAnpnaTH5I ZOJDKHO nOAXpenjMTbCa CCpbC3HblMH nOArOTOBHTeJIbHbIMH MeponpHo t h h m h , oieHxon nepcnexraB Ae^TejibHocTH h m aHCOB Ha ycnex. H , x o t h
fla*e b 3t o m cjiy^ae h h k t o He 3acrpaxoBaH o t Hey^aM, ocyuecTBjieHHe
nOJrOTOBHTeJIbHHX MepOnpHTHH nOSBOJISlCT yMeHblUHTb BepOHTHOCTb
co3AaHM5i He>KH3Hecnoco6Horo ripeAnpwsiTMsi. Pe3y;ibTaThi Taxon npeflBapHTe^bHoii pa6ora 0<j>0pMJi5ii0TC5i b BHje 6H3HeCnjiaHa h jih , HHa^e pobo psi, nporpaMMw npeAnpHHHMaTejibcxoH AeflTejibHOcra.
3 t o t iuiaH C0CTaBji5ieTC5i na ochobc npeAJio^ceHHii npeAnpHHHMaTejien
QTHOCHTejibHo 6yAym ero 6M3Heca h noMoraeT KCHKpeTH3HpoBaTb o 6 m n e
npeAcraBjieHHfl no ero opraHH3au,HW. 06wmho 6H3Hec-iuiaH BXjnoMaeT b
ce6fl cjieAyioiiuie ocHOBHwe pa3#ejibi: (J)HHaHcoBHe AaHHbie, MapxeTHHroBa s l HH(Jx)pMau,H5i, aHajiH3 napaMeTpoB npoAyxiHH hjih ycjiyr, npeAnojiaraeMas i cncreM a ynpaBjieHHsi, 06cyacAeHHe 6H3Hec-iuiaHa 3aBepmaerc5i
paccMOTpeHHeM 0praHH3auH0HH0H CTpyxTypu 6yAym ero npeAnpHOTHsi, a
Taxate BonpocoB Hajioroo6jioaceHH5i h 6yxrajiTepcxoro y^eTa.

CocraBjieHHe 3Toro m iaua He B^iaeTCH Heo6xoAHMHM ycjioBHeM co3gaHHfl co6cTBeHHoro A^Jia, OAHaxo MHorae tcm He MeHee npireraiOT x sto h
npoieAype. 3xo ofeacHaeTCi tcm , hto Bonpocw, B03HHxai0iiHe b xoAe
pa3pa6oTKH 6H3Hec-n;iaHa, HeH36exH0 BCTaHyT nepeA jho6hm HaMHHaionHM npeAnpHHHMaTejieM, noaroMy hx u,ejiecoo6pa3HO pem arb 3apaHee,
no xpaiuieif Mepe ao toix>, xax 6yAyT CAejiaHbi xpynHwe BJioaceHHJi xannTajia. Pa3pa6orxa 6H3Hec-njraHa npwopeTaeT ocoGbin cmhcji b Tex cjiyHax, xorAa npeAnojiaraexca Hcn0Jib30BaHHe 6aHxoBCKoro xpeAHTa,
nocxojibxy jiio6oh 6aHK noTpe6yeT o t npeAnpHHHMaTejia npeAocraBjieHHsi
onpeAejieHHoii HH(J)opMauHH.
Uejiec006pa3H0Tb cocTaBjieHH 6n3Hec-njiaHa a-kh oTeMecTBeHHwx
npeAnpHHHMaTejien o6ycjiOBjieHa h tcm <|)axfoM, mto 6ojibiiiHHCTBO H3
hhx He od^aAaeT AOcraTOMHWMH 3HaHH5iMH h onbiTOM b c4>epe npeAnpnHHM aTejibcxoH AeaTejibHocTH . Il0Tpe6H 0C Tb ace b p a 3 p a 6 o T x e T a x o r o a o xyMeHTa nocraBHT nepeA He06x 0AHM0CTbK) 6ojiee cepbe3H0 noAOHTH x

28

B o n p o c y 06 3KOHOMHMeCKOH H npaKTHUeCKOH B03M0aCH0CTH OCymeCTBJieHH5i 3ajyM aH H oro A ^ a .

BcflKoe rcjio AOJiacHo 6biTb 0praHH30BaH0, xaic xexHOJiorHMecKH, TaK h

c o u H ajib H O -n c H X O jio n m e cK H . T e x H a n o r n a c n e iH a jiH 3 H p o B a H a r j i s i K aacAoro KOHKperHoro ACJia, coiiHajibHO-ncHxojiorHMecKafl a ce ero opraHH3aiH5i npHHu,nnHajibHO
OAHHaKOsa b o Bcex c(})epax 6H3Heca. E e
3(i)4)eKTHBHOCTb 3aBHCHT OT TOID, KaK TCi6kO 6yAyT CO^eTaTbCfl, COOTBeT-

CTBOBaTb Apyr Apyry TexHOJiorHH h HHAHBHAyajibHbie oco6eHHocrH pa6oTh h k , n pH B O A flnm x r c j i o b A B H acem ie.
O o p M a co3A aB aeM oro npeA npH flT H , p a3M ep ( k o jih uc c tbo p a 6 o T a io n n x ) h crp y K T y p a ( h x paccraH O BK a) onpeA e^aiO TC n o o i e noA TBepacA eh h ji
acH3Hecnoco6HC)CTH
H A eii,
hx
cootbctctbhsi
peajibH OM y
n0Tpe6H Te^bC K 0M y c n p o c y . OopM HpOBaHHe c o u .n a jib H o -n c H x o jio r H ^ e ckoh opraHH3au,HH npeAnpHHTHfl HaMHHaeTca c H a 6 o p a jn o A eit, KOTOpbie
craH yT nepcoH ajiO M , k o ju ic k th bo m , AaiouHM acH3Hb AC^y- H a 6 n p a k o MaHAy, B h 0C03H3HH0 h jih He0C03HaHH0 TBOpHTe, co3A aeT e o 6 jih k CBoeii
o p r a m i3 a u H H . E e npH BjieKaTe;ibH ocTb h y c n e x 3aBHC5iT ot M opajibH w x h
ACjio b h x K a^ecTB jiio ac h , npHHHBniHx yaiOBHH h np aB H jia B a r n e n n r p b i,
ueHHocTH h A y x B a r n e ro A ejia.
3 .

A
B

O
3

P
E

B o B c e H e n p eT eH A ya Ha n o ;m o T y oxB aT a MHoroMHCJieHHHx 4)aKTopoB

y c n e x a b 6 n 3 H e c e , x o T e jio c b 6 h noA ejiH T bca n o 3TOMy noBOAy HeKOTopwMH
c o o 6 paaceHHAMH. H o n p eacA e o caMOM h o h h t h h Ae;iOBoro y c n e x a .
C TOMKH 3peHH5I B a in eH (J)HpMW, 3TO MOryT 6 bITb BblCOKHe nOKa3aTej!H,
h x 6;ia r o n p H 5iTH aa h ycTOH^HBaa AHHaMHKa. H o yAOBjieTBopeHHe TeM,
m to AOCTHrHyTO b npoiujiO M , TaHT b c e 6e on acH ocT b - B w M oaceTe 3a 6bm>
o K orocypeH T ax, ypoB eH b h K a^eerBO npoAyKiHH h y c n y r k o t o p h x n o c r o a h h o p a c r y T . Fl03T 0M y APyruM KpHTepneM y c n e x a 6 yAeT npH & raaceH H e
k ;iH A epy b AaHHoif c(fcepe AeaTejibHOCTH. Y c n e x MoacHo oueH H B axb h c
TOMKH3peHH5I3aBOeBaHH5IAOJIHpMHKa (B TOM MHCJie M H poBoro) h yB e^ H MeHHH e e b o BpeMeHH.
Y c n e x M oacHo o ie m iT b He T0jibK0 b p h h o h h h x K aT erop n six, h o h KaK
pe3y;n>TaT 3(J)4)eKTHBHOH peopraH H 3aiH H 4 )h p m h , co3AaHH5i TaK oro k j ih MaTa h MOTHBauMOHHOH cp eA H , KOTOpbie Ae^aiOT p a 6 o T y b H en T B o p ^ ec k o h h 6o j ie e npHBjieKaTejibHOH.
IlpeA npH H H M aTe^b MoaceT He H M eib c o 6c t b c h h o h Bbm aioineH C fl h a cm ,
h o o h AOjiacen h 3 h t h e e , a nnaBH oe - peajiH 30B aT b. X o p o m a a HAea H yacA aeTCfl H e n p o c r o b n p o p a S o r c e , h o b npaKrawecKOM B oim om eH H H - s c e o c HOBHbie CJIOaCHOCTH H n p o 6^ eM H 0 6HMH0 B03HHK3I0T HMCHHO 3AeCb.
BaacHbiM cpeACTBOM h x MHHHMH3auH H c caM oro Hawajna HBjiaeTCfl p a 3 p a 6oTKa 6H 3H ec-ru iaH a, t o e c r b B03M 0acH0 6o ; ie e n o jr a o r o BHAeHHH T o ro , m to
h KaK HaAO AfcnaTb, KaKHe npecjieA O BaTb ie jin , k 3 k h m h cpeACTBaMH h b
KaKHe cpoKH h x A ocraraT b .

29

B 6H3Hece, KaK h b noBcejHeBHOH xh3hh, cymecrByer co6jia3H npoc th x pemeHHif. MeacAy tcm pa3BA3Ka npo&ieMbi AajieKo He Bcertfa npocra
hjih 6biCTpo npnxoAHT na yM. Ectb h flpyraa onacHocrt - iiohck naHaien
hjih Mpe3MepHoe yBjieweHHe nponaraHAOH Hexoropiix iioaxoaob h mctoAOB. 3 t o Macro npHBOAHT k HeonpaBAaHHbiM oacHAaHHAM, nopocAaeT
CTpeM/ieHHe coxpaHHTb o6pa3 h cthjib noBeAeHHA BHe 3aBHCHMOCTH o t hoBHX yCJIOBHH, BXIOFOHe 3a MOAOHIIHTaTbCfl BHCApHTb BCBOIOOpraHH3aiHK>
to , mto jih 6o npoTHBopeMHT ee npnpoAe, jih 6o He cootbeTCTByeT craAHH
pa3BHTH5l, ypOBHK) 3HaHHH H KBaJIH(|)HKail,HH, 0C06eHH0CTflMnpOH3BOACTBeHHoro npoiecca h t .a .
H h OAHa yBaxaionax ce6si mKOjia 6n3Heca He o 6x o ah t o6y*jeHHfl ochoBaM MapKeTHHra. BeAb oaho h3 rjiaBHbix npaBHji b 6w3Hece - AyMaTb o
noTpe6HTejie. OAHaxo jyix OTAejibHoro npeAnpHHHMaTejra oco6yio BaacHOCTb HMeeT He PUHOK H nOTpe6HCXTTH B006lle, a KOHKpeTHbie pbIHKH H
noTpefiHTejiH. B hxoa Ha hhx Tpe6yeT b KawecTBe npeABapHTejibHoro ycJIOBH5I CneU,HaJIbHblX pbIHOMHblX HCCJieAOBaHHH - nOJiyMeHHH AOCTOBepHblX H MaKCHMBJIbHO nOJIHHX AHHblX O nOTeHIHaJIbHOM cnpoce,
bo3mo2khoct5ix ero c|)opMHpoBaHHfl, MOTHBax noBeAeHHfl noKynaTejisi, OT3MBVIHBOCTH nOTpe6HTejIfl Ha KOHKpeTHbie MeTOAbI CTHMyjIHpOBaHH5I
cnpoca (peicjiaMy, ieHbi, opraHH3aiHio ToproBjiH h t.a .) .
IIpeacAe ^eM npHCTymiTb k o6cyacAeHHio xapaKTepa TOBapoB, npneMjieMHx AJifl np0H3B0ACTBa b paMKax Majioro 6n3Heca, xoTejiocb 6w eue
ynoMHHyTb 06 oahom MOMeme, a HMeHHO, o tcchoh b 3Hhmocb5I3h MeacAy
TOBapaMH h ycjiyraMH, c oahoh cropoHu, h noKynaTejisiMH - c Apyron.
PaccMaTpHBaTb oaho b oTpbiBe o t APyroro 6 eccMwcjieHHO, TaK KaK TOJibKO
BMecTe ohh (J)opMHpyK)T OTHOineHHfl cnpoca h npeAJioaceHHfl.
B 6ojibiiiHHCTBe cjiy waeB TOBap (hjih ycjiyra), kotopw h np0H3B0AHT
hjih co6npaeTCfl np0H3B0AHTb npeAnpHHHMaTejib, bxoaht b KaTeropnio
pa 3yMHbix. A nocKOJibKy Bu 6op TOBapa wjih ycjiyra Bceuejio 3aBHCHT o t
caMoro npeAnpHHHMaTejifl, 3Ta o6jiacrb ero AeflTejibHOCTH 3acjiyHBaeT
caMoro npHCTaji'bHoro bhhm 3h h 5i.
ITepBbiM maroM b cJjopMHpoBaHHH (kuibinnHCTBa Majiwx npeAnpHATHH
ABHjiCfl b h 6op TOBapa (HAea Hamiymnero cnoco6a ero npon3BOACTBa hjih
peajm3aiHH).
Bo3bMeM aji npHMepa OAHy (J)HpMy A 3 . ToBap, k o to p h h Bbi6pajia
(mpMa A 3 juisi np0H3B0ACTBa, xapaKTepH30Bajicfl cjieAyionHM:
1. Oh Heo6xOAHM AJI H3rOTOBJieHH5I A PyrH X H3AejIHH.
2. 3 th APyrne H3AejiHfl np0H3B0AflTCfl b ochobhom KpynHbiMH h cnjibHblMH npOH3BOACTBeHHbIMH KOHLepHaMH.
3. 3aAaMa <J>hpmh - KOHCTpynpoBaHHe h MexaHHHecKaa o6 pa 6oTKa
KpynHwx KycKOB pa3JiHMHbix MaTepnajios, b ochobhom MeTajuios. KomnaHHfl o6 ecneMHBaeT KOHcrpyHpoBaHHe h o6pa 6oTKy, a noKynaTejib - MaTepnajibi.
4. T OBap Tpe6yeT TexHHnecKoro o6cjiyacHBaHHfl, hto rapaHTHpyeT npoAOjiaceHHe (noBTop) pa6oT.

30

5.
O&beM pa6oT, 3aKa3biBaeMHM xaxtAbiM KpynHbiM noTpe6HTejieM HeAOCTaTOMeH jjjis i Toro, uto 6h caM noTpe6HTejib 3aHHMajicsi ero BbmojmeHHeM*

6 .06pa6oTKa MaTepnajioB BbmojiHHerca Bbic0K0KBajiH(J)HulHp0BaHHbi-

mh cneinajiHCTaMH.
3 t o noMTH H/eajibHHH B u 6 o p TOBapa jj j ix np0H3B0ACTBa b paM K ax M a
jio r o np eA np H T H . JaBaH Te AeTajnHO paccMOTpHM K axtA yio x ap aK T ep w CTHKy TOBapa.
1. T osap Heo6xoflHM. 3 to xopomee Ha^ajio. HeMajio 6buio cjiy^aeB 6aH-

KpoTCTBa Majiwx npeAnpHHTHH, npnwHHOH kotopwx BHjiocb npeHe6peaceHHe 3TOH MHCJIbK).

C o e e m n e p e u u : b Ka^ecTBe sainero TOBapa BbrnpaHTe TaKOH TOBap hjih
ycjiyry, b kotopom noTpe6HTejib HcnuTH B a c t n 0Tpe6H0CTb.

2. TOBap BKjnoMeH b TexH0Ji0FH*iecKHH npouecc TBepAO CToamHx Ha horax K p y n H w x npeflnpHHTHH (KOHiepHOB, accoinaiHH, oh>eflHHeHHH).
3T0 nOJIO^CeHHe OTHOCHTCJI B OCHOBHOM K MajIbIM npOH3BOACTBeHHb!M
(J)HpM3M H He HMeeT CTOJIb npftMOIX) OTHOQ16HHAK npeAnpHHTH5IM o6cJiy7LHBaHHfl. fljlfl MaJIOH npOH3BOACTBeHHOH (|)HpMM 3TO 03Ha*iaeT, MTO nOhck noTpe6HTejifl kohcmhoh npOAyKiHH (b OTjnmne o t noncxa
noTpe6HTejiH npo^yKUHH caMoii KOMnaHHH) o6 ecneMHBaeTC5iKpynHHMH,
xoporno 0praHH30BaHHfalMH H xopomo (J)HH3HCHpyeMbIMH npeflnpHHTHSIMH.
C o e e m e m o p o u : ajih

Majion 4)hpmh iejiec006pa3H0 np0 H3B0jHTb TOBa-

pbi h y c j iy r n , H cn ojib 3yeM b ie b A ajibH enm eM np0H3B0ACTBe.

3 . 3 aAaMa (JmpMbi - KOHCTpynpoBaHHe h o6pa6oTKa MaTepnajioB, nocraBjweMbix KpynHWMH npeAnpHHTHsiMH.

0 6 hmho o t 3koh y^a^e h MewaTb hc npnxoAHTC. B npaKTHKe TaKHe
cjiywaH BCTpeMaiOTCsi icpairae peAKo. Hane Bcero Kpyimoe np0H3B0ACTseHHoe npeAnpHrae (KOHiepH) BbiHyageH noKynaTb Cbipbe h komiuickTyiomwe H3AejiHH, o6pa6aTbiBaTb hx h 3aTeM npoAaBaTb.
Ror^a BjiaAejieu; Majioro npeAnpHHTHii paccKa3HBaeT BaM o cbocm to Bapoo6opoTe, cnpocHTe ero, KaKyio MacTb TOBapoo6opoTa cocraBjraeT ero
Co6CTBeHHbIH TOBap. PeajIbHWH nOKa3aTeJIb npH6 bUIbHOCTH (J)HpMbI - 3TO
AOxoA ot BbinojiHeHHOH en pa6oTbi, a He npoAaxHaa ieHa kohcmhoh npoAyKU H H .

hjih 0 6 ctohmocth T O B a p a hjih M a T e p n a jia . I l p n Bbi6 o p e T O B a p a hjih ycjiyrn

n o c T a p a T e c b h3h th T a x o e n p 0 H 3 B0 ACTB0 , b kotopom n p H o 6 p e T e H H e H y a c h h x M a T e p n a jiO B T p e 6 o B a jio 6 bi M H H H M a jib H u x 3a T p a T c Bainew ctopohh.
4 . ToBap Tpe6yeT TmaTejibHoro o6cjiyacHBaHHH h noBTopeHHa yace b h nojiHeHHbix pa6oT. 3 th ABa CBOHCTBa TOBapa oco6chho npnBjieKaTejibHbi
AJifl Majioro 6H3Heca. Bo 3MO^KHOCTb o6cjiy>KHBaHH5i npoH3BeAeHHbix H3Aejihh 5iBjiaeTC5i a^ih BjiaAejibia Majioro npeAnpHHTHH oahhm h3 caMbix cnjibHblX CTHMyjIOB K OTKpUTHK) COCTBeHHOrO ACJia.
C o e e m m p e m u u : B a rn a Ae^ TejibHO CTb n o n p 0 H 3 B 0 A C TB y T O B a p a

p a 6 o T K e M a T e p n a jia H M e e T i e jib io c o 3A a H H e TOjibKO A o n o jiH H T e jib H o n

31

Coeem Hemeepmbiu: Majiu Macurra6 Barnero npeAnpHHTHfl n03B0jiHT

BaM y^ejiHTb mhofo bhhm 3hhh o6cjiyacHBaHHio npoH3BejCHHbix BaMH to B apoB . C T ap aM T ecb HaHTH T O B apw , o d ^ a ^ a i o m n e sthm K aM ecraoM (H e o 6xoA H M oeTb o 6c jiy a cH B a H H x ), noT O M y, mto oho o 6ecn e H H B a e T T ec H y io CBsi3b
c n o T p e 6n T ejieM h ra p a H T n p y e T B 0306H 0B jieH H e p a 6oT .
5 .06beM pa 6oT, 3aKa 3HBa eMuii KaacAHM noTpe6 HTejieM, He HacTOJibKO
BejiHK, mto6h eMy caMOMy 6buio BbircAHO 3aHHMaTbCH ero BbinojmeHHeM.
IIoTpeSHTejiio AenieBjie KynHTb TOBapw, MeM hx npoH3BecTH.
J I jisl M a jiO H (J)HpMBi B c e rA a c y m e c r B y e T y r p o 3 a n o T e p s iT b n o T p e 6 H T e ji ,
eCJIH y T o r o nOflBHTCJI B03M0aCH0CTb C 3K0H 0M H Tb A eH bTH HJIH flO & ITbCH JIIO-

6 o h A p y r o H xcejia eM oft i e j m , 3aH& BinHCb c a M o c r o flT e jib H H M B H n o jiH e H H eM n p e A H a 3 H a M e H H w x r j i x M ajiO H K O M n a H H H p a 6 o T . H k T a K O M y o o p o T y

A e jia H a^ o 6 biTb r o r o B H M .
Coeem nsimbiu: npeH M ym ecT B O M Majioro npeA npH ftT H H HBjisieTCfl t o ,
m to B H n y c K a e M w e hm n a p r a n TOBapoB M o ry T 6H T b AOCTaTOMHO H e 6o j ib iiiH M H , b t o a ce BpeMA o h h 6yA yT o 6ecneM H B aT b n p w 6b u ib , T o r ^ a KaK x p y n H o e n p e A n p H H T H e AOJiacHO np0H 3B 0A tfT b c o jiH A H u e n a p r a n TOBapOB,
m to 6h ao6hti>C5i p e H T a 6ejibHOCTH. C T a p a H T e c b B u 6p a T b TOBap hjih y c j i y r y , o jia A a io m M e 3thm KaMecTBOM (oahhm H3 H e M H o rn x , H e n o c p e A C T B e H h o o 6 y c jiO B jie H H H x M a jiH M M a c u iT a 6 oM B a r n e r o n p e A rip H H T H s i) .

6. Bwcokhh ypoBeHb Hoy-xay (TexHOjiorHH). 3to KaMecTBO coBepmeHho Heo6xoAHMO, ecjiH B h acejiaeTe, mto6h Bam TOBap ytbepAHJic3 Ha mhorne roAbi, hmchho oho OTjiHnaeT HacrosmHH TOBap ot noAAejioic.
Pa3yMHoe Hcn0Jib30BaHwe bhcokoh TexHOjiorHH HaHJiymiiHM 06pa30M 3acrpaxyeT Bac ot HecTa6HjibHoerH TOBapa.
C o e e m lu e c m o u :

M a c m T a 6 B a r n e r o n p e A n p H H T H H o rp a H H M H B a e T M a c -

m T a 6 B a r n e r o n p o n 3BOACTBa. H o b t o ace B p e M 5i o h H H ^ y T b H e o r p a m iM H s a e T B 0 3M 0acH 0C Tb BH eA p eH H si

Hoy-xay.

Y a c e OAHa 3 T a B03M 0acH0cn>

c o c T a B jiH e r BaacHbiH a c n e K T H CK jiioM HTejibH OCTH B a r n e r o T O B a p a h j ih y c j iy r n .

Coeem cedbMou: M ajibiH M a c m T a 6 B a r n e r o npeAnpnsiTHsi orpaHHMHBaeT B a u r a BjioaceHHH b ofiopyA O B aH H e

n p 0H 3B0ACTBa TOBapoB. E c j i h y
B a c eCTb B03M0CH0CTb BKJiaAHBaTb A eH brH B npOH3BOACTBO OCHaCTKH 060pyAOBaHHfl, TeM CaMHM Ao 6HTbCfl HeKOTOpOH CTeneHH HCKJHOMHTejIbHOc t h , H e 6o jib m o H M a c m T a 6 B a r n e r o npeA npH siT H Ji H e 6yA eT a j i h B a c
nOMeXOH B AOCTHaceHHH BblCOKOIX) ypOBHSI K0H K ypeH T 0C n 0C06H0CTH. B
npoTHBHOM c jiy w a e B3aH M 00TH 0m eH H H c KOHKypeHTaM H M o ry T cjio a cH T b c a
H e b B a m y n o jn > 3 y .
B c e 3 th coBe A^JieKO He HCMepnbiBaiOT Bce CHTyaiHH, KOTopwe mo-

ryT 3K3aMeHOBaTb MajiHH 6n3Hec. XoTejiocb 6u CAejiaTb jiHiiib oaho o6mee

3aMeMaHHe: npeAOcrepeMb 0TH0CHTejibH0TpaTH AeHer. X oth cyTb 6n3Heca

h co cto h t b pacxoAOBaHHH AeHer, HeKOTopwe jiioah cjihiiikom yBjieKaK>TC5i

h TepjiiOT cb 5i3b c peajibHOCTbK) b Ty ace MHHyTy, Kona y hhx OKa3HBaeTC5i
b pyxax peajibHbie AeHbra Ha pacxoAbi. JI,HCUHiuiHHa, KOTopyio acmohctpnpyer uejiOBeK npn pacxoAOBaHHH AeHer, HBjiaeTCfl jiyMmHM tcctom npn
oqeHKe ero xapaKTepa.

32

Ene jiyione, ecjiH c b o h n o rp e & iT e jib He npocro onpeA ejieH ,

ho h bo b-

jie^eH KaKHM-TO 06pa30M b npoiecc co3AaHHH TOBapa, b K o on epa iH io c

npOH3BOAHTeJieM. 3 t 0 BHOCHT B pHHOK 3JieM eHTH 0praHH30BaHH0CTH,
npeACKa3yeMOCTH, AOBepHH,
yAOBjiexBopeHHi.

tom hocth

BW5iBjieHH5i noT pe6H o creH

nyTen

hx

B p a6oT e Ha pbiHKe ecTb o#Ha saxHasi 3anoBeAb: b h x o a i c h o b h m t o BapoM, He crpeMHTecb cpa3y npoAaTb m h o ix ), 3aBoeBMBaHTe pbiHOK nocreneHHO, nocjieAOBaTe^bHHMH He6ojibmHMH maraMH, nojiy^asi Bce BpeMJi
OTBeTHWe CHIUaJIbl.

HincaKasi AejiOBas CTpaTerna He o 6 x o a h t c h 6e3 CBoero poAa pa3BeAKH

hjih aHajiH3a ACOTejibHocTH KOHKypeHTOB. 3 to He n p o cT o nojiyMeHHe CBeAeHHH O CHJIbHHX H CJia6bIX CTOpOHaX APyrH X (J)HpM, HO H H3y^eHHe co 6 CTBeHHoii opraHH3au,HH, B03M02KH0creH yK peiuieH H ee noTeHinajia. 3 xa
c(J)epa HenoepeAeTBeHHO CMHKaeTCfl c MapxeTHHroM, OHa aHajra3HpyeT

pbiHOK KaK 6m CAByX CTOpOH. C OAHOH - MTOeile MOaceT 6bITb npeAJIOXCeHO,

KaKne ecTb Apyrne BapnaHTH yAOBjieTBopeHHH AaHHbix noTpe6HocreH, xaKHe pbiHOMHbie hhuih yxce 3aH5iTH h kcm h t.a-; c APyroii - KaK HaH6ojiee
onTHMajibHo AOJiacHa OTpearnpoBaTb Ha 3to Barna 4>npMa.
H3y^aA KOHKypeHTOB, Heo6xOAHMO HMeTb B BHAy He TOJIbKO Tex, KTO

conepHHMaeT c BaMH ceroAHH, ho h Tex, k to m o ^ ct BCKope hjih noTeHu,HajibHO CTaTb BaniHM KOHKypeHTOM Ha pwHKe. XejiaTejibHO HMeTb o HeM
MaKCHMajibHo nojiHyio HHcfropMauHio: o ero pecypcax, HaBbixax h cnoco6 hocthx, (J)opMe co6cTBeHHocTH h opraHH3aiHH, npHopHTeTax, iejrax H
crpaTeraH, nocraBuHKax, napTHepax h noTpe6HTejiax. Bce 3to - MaTepnaji rjm aHajiH3a h pa3pa6oTKH 6yAymnx cieHapneB Barnero 3kohoMHMecKoro noBeAeHHH.
B 6H3Hece, KaK, Bnpo^eM, h b noBceAHeBHoit xh3hh, npn HeyAa^ax otMewaeTC^ crpeMjieHHe HaHTH hx npHTOHy b pa3jiHwx He6jiaronpHsiThbix BHeniHHx (fraKTopax h o6croTejibCTBax, h ropa3AO peaee nponcxoAHT
HenpeAB3HTHH CaMOaHajIH3. OAHaKO OH Heo6xOAHM - H He TOJIbKO B TpyAHbie BpeMeHa, ho h Boome ajia o6 ecneMeHHH 34x})eKTHBHbix pe 3yjibTaTOB.

JXjisl pyKOBOAHTejieH mcjikhx cJjhpm, b Hacroflmee BpeMa o6o3HaMHjincb

o6jiacTH, y^eT k o to p h x nosBonsieT b nepcneKTHBe ycnjiHTb opraHH3aiHOHHbiif noTeHinaji 4>hpmh. B ot ohh:
Keo6xoAHMO BHAeHHe 6 y A y m e ro (Jj h p m h

h m c t k o h crpaTeniH ero a o c t h -

3kchh5;
Heo6xoAHMa oco6a& CTpaxerH^ b o 6jiacTH MejiOBeMecKHx pecypcos,
aACKBaTHan BaiimM o6nHM ycraHOBKaM, iejraM h npHHinnaM;
HaAO AaTb coTpyAHHKaM noeroaHHyio B03M0>KH0CTb ofiy^aTbCfl b achctbhh, noBumaib ypoBeHb ncHHMamiH csoero ACJia h 6 n 3Heca b iejiOM,
jsjisi Mero HeooxoAHMa nejieHanpaBjieHHas pa6oTa no BHyTpHcjwpMeHHOH
noAroroBKe h nepenoAroTOBKe KaAPOB, BbisrajieHHe hobhx B03M02KH0CTeH

jijisi noBbimeHH KBajiH(})HKau,HH;

ynpasjwiomHe o6 fl3aHH KyjibTHBHpoBaTb o6pa3ibi noBeAeHHa coTpyAhhkob (noomp^Tb rpynnoByio pa6crry, MeaaJtyHKUHOHajibHbie BsaHMOAeHCTBHSI, o6mCH MH({?OpMaiX,HeH H T.A.) ;

33

ACudkho CTHMyjiHpoBaTbCfl jno6oe HOBaxopcKoe noBe^eHne;

Heo6xoflHMo 3a6oTHTbC5i 06 yjiymueHHH 0praHH3aiH0HH0H KyjibTypw
(J)HpMH H TBOpMeCKOM KJ1HM3TC B Heft;
HyaCHO 3a6oTHTbC5I H O IipeOflOJieHHH COnpOTHBJieHM H3MeHeHH5IM, o
HapanpiBaHHH noTemnajia nepeMeH;

HaKOHeu, He06x 0AHM0 BOBpeMa h Tpe3Bo oieHHBaTb BHennme yrpo3u

h a^eRBarao Ha hhx pearnpoBaTb.
KaK noKa3ajia npaKTHKa, 6h 3hcc - aejio oneHb pncKOBaHHoe. IloaTOMy,
ecjiH Bm xoTHTe Ao6wThC5i ycnexa, - HajiaacHBairre OTHomeHHH c jiioflbMH.
floBepne - 3to t3koh ace KanHTaji, KaK AeHbra, TexHOjiorn, a Macro Aaace
6ojibme. Bce sto noATBepayaeT OAHy npocryio HCTHHy - ycnexa zo6nBaK)TC5i jiioah. Ho jiioah ace ^ejiaiOT h ouih 6kh. Ohh ckjiohhh yBjieKaTbca,
nepeoii;eHHBaTb pe3yjnTaTH, 3aKpuBaTb r;ia3a Ha HeAOcraTKH. Ho ycnex
He BeneH. Oh TcuibKO Torza peajieH, Kor^a nozwepacHBaexca h pa3BHBaeTcsi, Kor^a 6n 3Hec AewcTBHTejibHO CTpeMHTC k coBepmeHCTBy h npeBocX O flCTB y.

4. K A K H 3E E > K A T b IIP E A IIP H H H M A T E J IIO

B O J I b lD H X H A J I O r O B *
Heo 6xoflHMocTb 6wcrporo HaKOiuieHH5i HaKoiuieHHa KamiTajiOB b ycjiobhax ycmiHBaiomerocH HajioroBoro npecca co ctopohh Pocchhckoix) rocyAapcrBa h rocyAapcTB C H r TOjiKaeT npeAnpHHHMaTejieH Ha noHCK h
Hcn0Jib30BaHwe jiio 6mx B03M0acH0creH a-hh HeyiuiaTbi Hajioros. TeM 60jiee, wto y 98 % HacejieHHa HeT MHHHMajibHoro KanHTajia ajm BcryiuieHHfl
b 6n3Hec. CeMb AecHTHjieTHH ypaBHHjioBKH ocTaBHjiH noAaBjisnomyio
Macre rpaacAaH C H r npaKTHMecKH 6e3 c6epeaceHHH. n o AaHHUM onpoca,
npoBeAeHHoro B LH O M b KOHie 1992 r., ;mmb 2
onpomeHHHx hmcjih
c6epeaceHH Ha cyMMy, npeBwmaioiutyK) 10 th c . py 6., (J)opMajibHbiM mhHHMyM AJifl perMcrpauHH co6cTBeHHoro npeAnpH^TH. B ycjiOBHHx OTcyTCTBH51
KanHTajIOB
6bICTpoe
CTaHOBJieHHe
MaCTHHX
(J)OpM
npeAnpHHHMaTejibCTBa Tpe6yeT H&cjiioMHTejibHO 6jiaronpHTHoro peacnMa Hajioroo 6jioaceHHfl, KaK b othouichhh npnbuieif BHOBb co3AaBaeMi>ix
npeAnpHHTHH, 0C06eHH0 b Macra peHHB ecTHiHH, Tax h b 0TH0nieHHH jihm-

HblXAOXOAOB.
OcHOBy CHCTeMbi Hajioroo6jioaceHH5i b Pocchhckoh OeAepaiHH o6pasyio t cjieAyion^He Hajiorn:
1. Hajior Ha Ao6asjieHHyio croHMocTb b pa 3Mepe 28 %, 3aMeHHBuiHH c
1992 r. BBeAeHHHH ix)aom paHee 5 % Hajior c npoAaac h no nopaAKy hcmhcjieHHfl OTjiHMaionHHC^ o t Hero ronbKO yMeHbineHHeM nepeMHH jibrox.

*
n o A p o 6 iie e cm . k h .: K w n ep M a ii T.H., Bejiajioe A.3. H a n o ro o S jio w e H M e n p e # n p H H
t h h h rpaM A aH P o c c h h c k o h O e ^ e p a u H H . - M.: MBU, AMTOJIAH, 1 9 9 2 . - 2 1 0 c.;
Bejisuios A.3. KaK H36e>KaTb n p e ^ n p h h th h m 6 ojibuiH X p o c c h h c k h x iiajioros. - M .: MBU,
AMTOJIAH, 1 9 9 2 . - 5 0 c.; Bejiajiou A.3. K aK H36em aT b rpa>K ^anaM 6 o jib iiih x H a jio ro s
- M. MBU, AHTOJIAH, 1 9 9 2 . - 6 0 c.

34

2. Hajior c npn6fcum, Jibrora no KoropoMy b 1992 r. no cpaBHeHino c

npeflHAymHM toaom 3HaMHxejibHO ype3aHH. TaK, ecjm paHbine Majine
npe^npHiiTHa b nepBHH toa ze5iTejibHocTH njiaTHjm 25% o t npHMHTaionecH cyMMH, a BTopoii roA cootb ctctbeHho - 50% , to Tenepb 3Ta jibixyra
OTMCHCHa. CTaBKa Hajiora cocraBjiaeT b Hacroamee BpeMsi 32%. K npn6hjih o6jiaraeMOH HajioroM, Ao6aBjiiieTCJi Taicace Macrb 3apa6oTHon iuiat h , npeBwmaiomasi b pac^eTe Ha oahopo paoTatonero 4 MHHHMajibHwx
oicjiafla.
3. IIjiaTeacH b 6iOAaceT Ha rocyftapcTBeHHoe counajibHoe crpaxoBaHHe
h b neHCHOHHHH 4>oha b pa3Mepe ao 37 % ot HaMHCJiemioH 3apa6oTHo
iuiaTH* IIpn^eM, ecran b 1991 r. 3th iuiaTeacn HaMHCJisuiHCbTO^bKOHa bhimaTH paoTaionHM no TpyAOBHMAoroBopaM, to c 1992 r. ohh HaHHOialOTca Taicace h Ha BunjiaTbi no rpaacAaHCKO-npaBOBHM AoroBopaM c
(J)H3HuecKHMH jiHiaMH (AoroBop noAPAa h AoroBop nopyueHH5i) h Aaace
no cyMMaM aBTopcKoro B03HarpaacAeHHH.
4. Hajiora Ha aoxoah (J)h3hmcckhx ;mi no nporpeccHBHOH micajie.
TaKHM 06pa30M, HaMHHaionHH 6w3HecMeH 0Ka3HBaeTCH noA TiiacejiHM

HajioroBhiM 6peMeHeM. IIojioaceHHe ycyry6ji5ieTCH eiie h tcm, mto bccm

npeAnpHHTHAM 3anpeneHH npaxTHMecKH jnone BwiuiaTM HajumHHMH,
He CBii3aHHbie c oiuiaTon TpyAa pa 6orHHicoB, a 6aHKaM BMeHeHO b o63aHHOCTb KOHTpOJIHpOBaTb npeAnpHflTHH B ViaCTH HCn0JIb30BaHHH HaJIH^HblX
CpeACTB.
IIpeAnpHHHMaTe^flM m
nojioaceHHii.

MoaceM nocoBeroBaTb HecKOjibKO bwxoaob h3

H ajior Ha Ao6aBjieHHyio

CTOHMOCTb

MoacHo

yMeHbinHTb Hcnojib3y 5i

cjieAyionHe cnoco6bi:

AoroBapHBanTecb CKjiweHTaMH o nopAKe pacneTOB 3a Tosap.

JonycTHM, Bama npoAyiciHfl ctoht 1 mjih py6. IIoKynaTejiio oh 6yAeT
croHTb yace 1 mjih 280 THC.py6., a ecjin noKynaTe^b nocpeAHHK, to oh
BHHyacAeH 6yAer noAHHMaTb ieHy Aajibnie. BwroAHee AoroBopHTbCJi c noKynaTe^eM, mto6m oh 3aiuiamji 500 rac. py6. 3a TOBap, a 500 thc. py6.

nepeBeji b Bani 4>oha pa3BHTH. Hajior Ha Ao6aBjieHHyio ctohmoctb HaAO

iuiaraTb y ace m/ibico c nepBbix 500 thc. py6.
C;i^ 6oe Mecro 3Aecb 3aKjnoMaeTCH b tom, mto cpeACTBa (b HameM npnMepe 500 thc. py 6 .), nocrynHBinHe b (J)oha pa3BHTira, Bce paBHO o6jiaralOTCfl HajioroM - Ha npnbuib. Ho mia 3Toro cynecTByiOT cnoco 6n
coKpaueHHfl Hajiora Ha npn6n^b (cm. HHace).
K a x MoacHo nojiHee wcnojib3yHTe jibroTM no Hajiory.

O t Hajiora Ha Ao6aBjieHHyio CTOHMOCTb ocBo6oHCAaK>TC5i:

TOBapn (pa6oTH, ycjiyni), 3KcnoprapyeMHe 3a npeAejiH rocyAapcTB MjieHOB 3 K0H0MH*iecK0r 0 coo6mecTBa, a Taicace ycjiyra no TpaHcnoprapoBKe, norpy3xe, pa3rpy3Ke, neperpy3ice 3KcnoprnpyeMHx tobbpob h npn
TpaH3HTe HHOCTpaHHHX rpy 30B Mepe3 TeppHTopHio PCOCP;
TOBapn h ycjiyra, npeAHa3HaweHHHe una o(J)HitfiajibHoro n0Jib30BaHH5i
HHOCTpaHHHX AHiuibMaTHMecKHx

npupaBHeHHHx

k hhm

npeACTaBH-

35

TeJlbCTB, a TaKXCe JJJMJIHMH0IK) n0JIb30BaHH5I MJieHOB AHIUIOMaTHMeCKOrO

H aflMHHHCTpaTHBHO-TeXHHTCCKOrO IiepCOHaJia 3THX IipeflCTaBMTejIbCTB,
BKjiioMaH mjichob hx ceMeii, npoxHBaionHx BMecre c hmmh;
ycjiyrH ropoffCKoro naccaacHpcxoro TpaHcnopra (kpomc Taxcn), a Taie
r e ycjiyra no nepeB03KaM naccaxHpoB b npnropoAHOM cooneHHH MopCKHM, peMHHM, >Kejie3HOAOpOCHMMH aBT0M06ltftbHbIM TpaHCnopTOM;
KBapTHpHaji ruiaTa;
ctohmoctb BbncynaeMoro b nopsmice npHBaTH3aiiHH HMynecrBa rocyjapcTBCHHLix npeanpuflTHH, a Taxate apeHAHaa iuiaTa no apeHAHHM npeflnpusiTHHM, 06pa30BaHHbiM Ha 6a3e rocyAapcTBeHHbix npeAnpHATHH;
onepauHH no CTpaxoBaHmo h nepecrpaxoBaHHK), BbmaMa h nepe^awa
ceyA, a Taxate onepauHH, coBepniaeMwe no achc^ chum BKjiaAaM, pac^eTHbiM, TeKynHM h APyrM cueraM;
onepauHH, CB5i3aHHwe c opaneHneM bbjiiotm, ACHer, 6aHKHOT, jibjisilonHxca 3aKOHHHMH cpcACTBaMH iuiaTeaca (KpoMe Hcnojib3yeMHx b HyMH3MaraqecKHx iejiax ), a Taxate ieHHbix 6 yMar (axiHH, od/iHraiHH,
cepTH(J)HKaTw , Beiccejifl h ap.) ;
npOAaaca nOMTOBHX MapOK (KpOMe XOJUieXIHOHHblX) , MapKHpOBaHHblX
OTKpbiTOK, KOHBepTOB, jioTepeHHwx 6hjictob; .
AencTBH5i, BbinojiHseMbie cneiHajibHO ynojiHOMOMeHHWMH Ha to opraH3MH, 3a OKa3aHHe k o to p hx B3HMaeTC5i rocyAapcTBeHHaH nonuiMHa, a
Taxate ycnym , oxa3WBaeMbie HJieHaMH xojuiemH aABOxaros h nepeBOAMHK3MH H H O C Tp a H H H X 5I3HKOB;
060p0TH K33HHO, HrpOBHX aBTOM3TOB, BHHrpHIHH HO CTaBKaM Ha HnnoApoMax;
ycjiyrn b ccjepe HapoAHoro 06pa30BaHH5i, CB5K3aHHue c yMe6Ho-npow3BOACTBeHHBiM npoieccoM, njiaTa 3a o6 y^eHHe a c tc h h noApocTKOB b
xpyatxax, cexiHsix, cryAHax, ciiopthbhhx coopyateHHax, a Taxate ycjiyra
no coAepacaHHio AeTew b AomxojibHwx ywpeatAeHHsix h no yxoAy 3a 6ojibHbiMH h npecTapejibiMH;
BbmaMa, ycrynxa h nojiyMeHHe naTeHTOB, aBTopcKHx npas, jimeH 3HH;
PHTyajibHwe ycjiyrn noxopoHHbix 6iopo, Kjiajs&nm h xpeMaTopneB,
npoBeAenne o6p*iaob h iepeMOHHH pejmrH03HHMH opraHH3auH5iMH;
ycjiyrH y^peacAerniH xyjibTypu h HCKyccTBa, TeaTpajibHo-3pejiHnHbie,
cnopTHBHbie, KyjibTypH0-np 0CBeTHTejibCKHe, pa3BJiexaTe;ibHbie MeponPH5ITH5I, BKJIIOMafl BHAeonoxas;
riayMHO-HCCiieAOBaTejibCKHe h 0nbiTH0-K0HCTpyKT0pcKHe pa 6oTH, b h nojiHHeMwe 3a chzt roc 6ioA^eTa, h xo3AoroBopHbie, BwnoAHsieMbie o6pa30BaTejibHbiMH yMpeacAeHHAMH.
BpeMA Hajiora Ha npH6 ujib MoatHo ofoeniHTb c/ieAyiomHMH cnoco6amh:

1.
yMeHbuienue cyMM najioea 3a cnem onmuMU3au,uu cmpyKmypu ce
deemouMoemu npou36odcmQa u pecuiu3au,uu npodyKiuu.
Heo 6 xOAHMO yBejIHHHTb CyMMy aM0pTM3aUH0HHbIX OTHMCJieHHH Ha
nOJIHOe BOCCTaHOBJieHHe OCHOBHUX IipOM3BOACTBeHHbIX ())OHAOB.

36

MOpTH3aUHOHHHe OTWHCJieHHfl 3ailHMaiOT 3HaHHTeJIbHyiO flOJIK) B

crpyKType ce 6 ecTOHMOCTH npoAyKiiiH. Hx yBejimeHHe no3Bo;iHeT: bonepBbix, noBbiCHTb ce6ecroHMocTb npoAyKiHH h xeM caMbiM yMeHbiiiHTb
npM6huib npeflnpHHTHH, a 3HaMMT coorBercTBeHHO HecKOJibKO yMeHbimiTb
a 6cojnoTHyio cyMMy HajioroB c npHSbum; bo-btophx, aMopTH3aunoHHbie
OTMHCJieHHfl HanpaBjiHioTCfl b <j)oha pa3BMTH5i np0H3B0ACTBa h Hcnojib3y~
lOTCfl B K aM eC T B e (J)HHaHCOBOrO HCTOMHHKa BO CnpO H 3 BO flCTBa OCHOBHblX
n pO H 3 BOACTBeHHblX (J)OHflOB.

H eo 6 xO^HMO yBejlMHMBaTb AOJIfO OCHOBHblX npOM3B0ACTBCHHbIX(})OpAOB B olleH BejlHHHHe OCHOBHblX (})OHAOB.

Kax H3BecTHO, ochobhhc (})oham npeanpHHTHfl noflpasAejifliOTCfl Ha
npOHSBOACTBeHHbie H HCnpOH3BOZCTBCHHbie. B Ce6eCTOHMOCTb IipOflyKU,HM
BXOflflT 3aTpaTbI Ha peMOHT TOJIbKO no OCHOBHbIM npOH3BOACTBeHHHM
(jx)HjaM, a coaepxaHHe ochobhmx np 0H3B0ACTBeHHbix 4x>haob (o6t>cktm
3flpaB00xpaHeHH5i, KyjibTypm, cnopra, AeTcaAM h Ap.) ocymecrBjmeTCsi
3a CMeT npnbuiH npeanpHflTHH. Oxcio^a BbrreKaeT HHTepec k yBejinqeHHIO AOJ1H OCHOBHblX npOH3BOACTBeHHWX (J)OHAOB 3a CMCT paiHOHaJIbHOIX)
npeo6pa30BaHHH (nepenpojHuiHpoBaHHa) Henp0H3B0ACTBeHHHx <J>ohaob
b np 0H3B0ACTBeHHwe. HanpHMep, OTAejibHO CToamne o&beKTb! KyjibTypHO-cnopTHBHbix komiuickcob npeo6pa30BaTb (peKOHCTpywpoBaTb) b
iiiBeimbie iexa, np0H3B0ACTBeHHbie MacTepcKHe h T.n.
K o h c w h o , 3 t h M ep on p H H T H fl c jie A y e T A e ^ a T b b p a 3 y M H H x n p e A e ^ a x .
H e j i b 3 fl Bce H e n p 0 H3 B 0 A C TB eH H w e c^ohah n p e o 6 p a 3 0 B a T b b n p 0 H 3 B 0 ACTB e H H b ie . H t o - t o H y acH o o c T a B H T b h H a c o iH a jib H O - K y jib T y p H b ie H y a c a h
npeAnpHHTHH (oco6 eHHo a c TcaAM, ( x v ib H H ib i). H o, TeM He MeHee, b h h -

HeiUHHX dOaCHHX 3K0H0MHMeCKHX yCJIOBHHX COKpaiIjeHHe 3aTpaT Ha co-

UHajibHo-KyjibTypHbie pacxoAw Hew36e>KHO.

/oBeAMTe pacxoAM Ha oruiaTy TpyAa ao HopMaTHBHoro ypOBH.
B 1 9 9 2 r. HopMHpyeMaa BejiHMHH6a pacxoAOB Ha oiuiaTy TpyAa onpe-

Ae^aercji, hcxoa H3 cj)aKTHMecKOHcpeAHeMecanHOH o iu iara TpyAa pa6oTH HKOB, 3aH5ITUX B OCHOBHOM A^^Te^bHOCTH, B HaCTH, OTHOCHMOH Ha
ce6ecroHMocTb npoAyKiHH ( h o He Bbirne MenjpexKpaTHoro pa3Mepa m h HHMcUibHOH o n ji a T w T p y A a , y craH O B jieH H O H h H H A eK cn py eM O H b 3 aKO H O A ^T ejib H O M n o p s i A K e ) , h (J)aKTH M ecKO H cp e A H ec n n co M H O H M H a ie H H O c r a
3 T 0 H KaTeropHH p a 60THHK0B*
n p H 3TOM B CpeAHeCnHCOMHyiO MHC/ieHHOCTb, KaK OTMeMajIOCb, bkjiio-

MaiOTCH TaKace paoraiomne no AorosopaM noAP^Aa, ApyrHM AoroBopaM

rp aacA a H C K 0 - n p a B 0 B 0 r 0 x a p a K T e p a h co B M ec T H T e jib C T B y .

IloAHHMHTe 3aTpaTbi Ha pa 6 oTbi w ycjiym , BbinojiHeHHbie AonepHHMH

n p e A n p H flT H A M H .

B COOTBeTCTBHH C CyiIeCTByiOmHM 33KOHOAaTeJIbCTBOM npeAnpH5ITHfl

HMeioT npaBO co3AaBaTb AOviepHHe ( b j o m MHCJie h Majiwe) npeAnpHTH5i
c npaBOM iopHHMecKoro jiHia. HeK0T0pwe BHOBb co3AaBaeMwe Majiwe
npeAnpMTHsi h m c i o t iirapoKHe HajioroBbie jibrora. TaK, b nepBwe ABa roAa paSoTu (c w ra a co ah a perHCTpaiHH) ocBo6oacAeHbi o t ynjiaTH Hajiora
Ha npnbuib Majiue npeAnpHHTHH no npon 3BOACTBy TOBapoB HapoAnoro

37

noTpe6;ieHH5i, np 0H3B0flCTBy h nepepa 6oTKe cejibCK0X03iHCTBeHH0H npoflyKUiHH, CTpOHTejIbHHe H peMOHTHO-CTpOHTeJIbHbie.

TaK b o t, nepejaB, hm n a c T b p a 6 o T h y c j i y r n p 0 H 3 B 0 A C T B e H H 0 ro x a p a K T e p a , n p e fln p H O T H e 6 y A e T BKjiiOM 3Tb hx y c j i y r a b cboh 3 a T p a T b i, b p e 3 y ;ib T a T e ^ e ro ce 6 ecTOHMOcrb n p o A y K iH H itobhchtcsi, a o jia r a e M a a npn6buih
CHH3HTCH.

3 th m caMHM B h H36eraeTe HajioroB Ha BHnojiHeHHe s th x pa6oT h ycjiyr, h n p n 3tom npeAOcraBjiHeTe B03M0;>KH0CTb yKpenHTbCH b (J)hh3hcobom
OTHOineHHH Ao^epHHM npeAnpHflTHAM.
MHorne (mpMH Hcnojib3yioT npHMepHO tskhm opasoM AO^epHHe
npeAnpnsiTHsi wisi nepexa^KH 6e3HajiHMHhix jeHer b HajiHMHwe.
BxjiaAbiBaMTe ACHbra b pau,H0HajiH33T0pcTB0 h H3o6peTaTejibCTBo.
3 t 0 BHFOAHO B CB5I3H CTeM, MTO paCXOAU, C B H 3 aH H H e C H3o6peTafeJIbctbom h pau,H0HajiH3aT0pcTB0M, BKjiioMa pacxoAH Ha npOBeAeHHe OHHTHO-3KcnepHMeHTajibHHx pa 6oT, H3r0T0BjieHHe h HcnHTaHHe Mo^ejien h
o6 pa 3u.oB no H3o6peTeHHHM h paiH0H3JiH33T0pcKHM npeA/xoaceHHjiM, no
OpraHH3aiHH BbICTaBOK H CMOTpOB, KOHKypCOB H ApyrHX MeponpHHTHH no
H3o6 peTaTejibCTBy h pau,H0HajiH3aT0pcTBy, BHiuiaTH aBTopcKHx B03HarpaacAeHHH h Apyrne pacxoAH BKjiioMaiOTca b ce6 ecTOHMOcrb npoAyKUHH.
H e K O T o p b ie (Jm p M H n o A bhbcckok bhctsbok h CM 0 T p 0 B -K 0 H K y p a ) B n o
H 3 o 6 p e T a T e ;ib C T B y npoBOAflT KOMMepnecKHe bhct3bkh h M e p o n p m iT H si h
C n H C H B a iO T 33 T p 3 T H H a Ce 6 eCTOHM OCTb n p O A y K U H H n o 3T0H C T a T b e ,
y M e H b in a n tcm csmhm p a s M e p o6meii n p n b m H , a 3H3^ k t h pa3Mep hsjioro B .

2.
m ou

yMeHbiuenue cyMM ncuioza 3a cnem CHiixceniiH eejiunuHbi o6jiazae

npudbuiu.

Pea jiH3y MTe aKu.nn, o 6jinraLHH w HHbie ieHHbie 6 yMarn npeAnpu h th h.

KU,HOHepHbie (J)OpMbI npeAnpHHHMaTe^bCMTBa - 3T0 OAHH H3 CaMHX
3(J)(|)eKTHBHHX CIIOCOSOB npHBJieMCHHSI CpeACTB Ha npOH3BOACTBeHHOe H
cou,HanbHoe p33BHrae. KpoMe Toro, 6ajiaHC0Baa npH6buib yMeHbuiaeTca
Ha cyMMy ahbha&haob, nojiy^eHHHx no aKupuiM, o6jiht3u,hsim h hhhm
ieHHHM 6yMaraM, npHH3AJie>K3iiHM npeAnpHflTHio.
3 ra

AO X O A H

(A H B H A e H A H , n p O Ie H T H ) BH M H TaiO TC fl H3 63JI3HCOBOH

npn6buiH no pa3HHM coo6p3aceHH5iM:

) ecKH aoxoah (npouenru) nojiy^eHH no rocyAapcrBeHHHM ieHHHM
6yMaraM (cepTH(J)HKaTaM BaHKa Pocchh, K33H3*ieHCKHM o6H3aTe;ibCTBaM, od/mrauHsiM), to ohh HajioroM He o6^araK)TC5i;
) ecjiH aoxoah (AHBHAeHAH) nojiyweHH no npHHSAJieacsmHM

npeAnpHHTHio aKinaM aKiHOHepHHx o6mecTB, KOMMepwecKHx 6aHKOB h

T.n., to ohh o&iaraK)TC5i HajioroM, ho no hhoh craBKe - 15% . KpoMe Toro,
no ycraHOBjieHHOMy nopaAKy 3th Hajionn B3HM3iOTC5i y hctomhhks aoxoAa. 3 to 3H3HHT, mto, ecjiH, HanpHMep, npeAnpHHTHK) npHH3A^iexc3T aKUhh AO K A M A 3 h no HTor3M 1991 r. H3 hhx HaMHG/ieHH ahahachaw b
p33Mepe 20 thc. py6., to 3KunoHepHoe o6mecrBo csmo yAepHB3 eT H3Jior
b p33Mepe 15 %*, to ecTb 3 thc. py6., h npeAnpHHTHe-Aep^caTe^b (co6ctBeHHHK) 3KUHH no^yuser 17 THC. py6. Ec/IH C 3T0H CyMMH B3HCK3Tb Ha-

38

j i o r , t o 3 t o n p M B efleT k a b o h h o m y H a jio r o o fijio a c e H H io ,

cy M M w H a j io r 6 y e T B 3 b ic x a H a B a a tA b i.
HCTOMHHKa) B 3 M M a erci H a jio r h
HOCTH flpyT H X npeAnpH SITH H .

B TaxoM

c f lo x o f la

c oahoh

m t o h ace

a c e n o p s iA x e ( t o

ecrb,

o t a o j ic b o ix ) y ^ a c T H b a e a T e j ib -

npoflBHTe HHHiHTHBy b OTHOiueHHHx c MecTHbiMH opraHaMM rocyAapCTBeHHOH BjiacTH no yTBepxaetiHio HOpMaTHBOB saTpaT Ha coAepataHwe ochobhhx HenpOH3BOACTBeHHbix (J)ohaob
C j ie A y e T o 6 paT H T b B H H M aH n e H a t o , m to H opM aT H B H 3 a T p a T H a c o A epacaH H e
H a x o A f ln n x c s i
Ha
6 a j ia H c e
n p eA n p H iT H J i
o& bexT O B
3 flpaB O O X paH eH H H ,
flOMOB
HHBaJIHAOB,
fleTCKHX
AOHIXOJIbHHX

yqpeacAeHHH, nnoHepcKHx jiarepew, o6beKTOB xyjibTypb* m cnopra,

yqpeacAeHHii HapoAHoro 06pa30BaHHa, a Taicace O&bexTOB acHjmmHoro
(x>HAa, a cooTBeTcrBeHHo h a 6cojiK>THafl cyMMa CHHaceHHs ofwiaraeMoro
Aoxofla yTBepacAaeTca m ccthhm h opraHaMH rocyAapcTBeHHOH BjiacTH. B
3aKOHe He ycraHOBjieHO, xaxHMH MoryT 6wTb HopMaTHBw:
CpeAHeOTpaCJieBblMH (rpynnOBHMH) HJIH HHAHBHAyaJIbHbIMH* IIOCKOJIbKy SaKOH He HcxjnoMaer HHAHBHAyajibHux HOpMaTHBOB, npeAnpHHTHsiM
CjieAyeT b 6jmacaHiuee BpeMH caMHM npeAcraBHTb b MecTHHe opraHH roCyAapCTBeHHOH BJiaCTH CBOH npoeKTbl HHAHBHAyaJIbHUX HOpMaTHBOB Ha
coAepacaHHe yxa3aHHbix O&bexTOB.
BxjiaAbiBaHTe cpeACTBa b TexHHnecxoe nepeBOOpyaceHHe h
peKOHCTpyKUHIO npeAnpHATHM.
3 aK 0 H o

H a j io r a x H a n p n 6 b u ib n p e A o c T a B jia e T c e p b e 3 H b ie j i b r o r a

n p eA n p H H T H flM n o T e x H H q e c x o M y n e p e B O o p y a c e H H io h p e x o H c r p y x i H H
n p eA n p H siT H H . T a x , o 6 jia r a e M a $ i H a jio ro M n p n 6 b u ib yM eH b m aeT C si Ha c y M m h , H a n p a B jie H H b ie H a T e x H H ^ e c x o e n e p e B O o p y a c e H H e , p e x o H C T p y x u ,H io ,
p a c n m p e H H e , o c B o e H H e n p 0 H 3 B 0 ACTBa, H a b b o a h o b h x m o u ^ h o c t c h a H a
n p e A n p n k T H flx
HecJrrsiHOH
h
yrojib H O H
n p oM b iiiu ieH H O C T H ,
Ha
n p c A n p H s i t h s x n o n p 0 H 3 B0 ACTfiy m c a h i j h h c x o h t c x h h k h h o 6 opyA O B aH H 5i
AJifl n e p c p a 6 oTKH n p o A y x T O B nH T aH H si, a T a x a c e H a n p e A n p iw T H f lx n o
n p O H 3 BOACTBy npOAOBOJIbCTBH 5I, MCAHXaMCHTOB H TOBapOB HapOAHOFO
n o T p e 6 jieH H 5i ( n o n e p e ^ H i o , o n p eA ejra eM O M y npaB H T ejibC T B O M P o c c h h c x o if O e A e p a u H H ).
rjia B H b iH
HeAOcraTOx 3axjnowaeTC5i b t o m , m to 3Ta jibroTa
npeAOcraBjieHa He b c c m npeAnpHflTHHM, a jmiiib y 3X0My xpyry
npeAnpnaTHH onpeAejieHHbix OTpacjieiiHapoAHoro xo3HHCTBa. .
BMecTe c tcm o t npaBHTejibCTBa Pocchhcxoh OeAepaiHH oieAyeT oacnAaTb b 6yAymeM pacumpeHHsi xpyra npeAnpHHTHH, nojn>3yioiiHxc5i s to h
JIbrOTOH.
3.
H 3 6 e x a H u e e o 3 M o * c n b ix c y M M n c u io z a 3 a c n e m p a s jiU H H b ix
M U K O - n p a e o e b ix M e p o n p u s im u u

skoho

BHHMaTejibHO cjieAHTe 3a H3MeHeHH5iMH b 3ax0H0AaTejibCTBe b qacTM

HajioroBwx jibroT. OapaH Tecb ncn0Jib30BaTb a ra jibroTbi 3a cneT m 6 ROH
aXOHOMHHeCKOH nOJIHTMKH npeAnpMHTHfl.
n o cpaBHeHHio c npeacHHM nopaAxoM, AeHCTBOBaBiuHM b 1991 r., b chcreMe jibroT npoH3omjiH cymecTBeHHwe H3MeHeHH5i. n o npeacHeii CHCTe-

39

Me onaraeMasi npnbuib yMeHbniajiacb Ha 30% 3aTpaT Ha npoBefleHHe

HHOKP, noflroTOBKy h ocBoeHHe hobhx nporpeccHBHwx TexHOjiorHH h
bhaob npoflyxuHH. T enepb xee o t Hajiora ocBo6oAaeTCH npeofwiaflaiomafl
MacTb npnbuiH, HanpaBjifleMaa Ha pa3BHTHe np0H3B0ACTBa: bch npn 6buib,
HanpaB^eHHan Ha TexHH^ecKoe nepeBOopyaceHHe, peKOHCTpyKiHio,
pacmnpeHHe np0H3B0Acroa, bboa MonHOCTeH no np0H3B0ACTBy TOBapoB
Hapo^Horo noTpe6jieHH5i, npoAyKTOB mrraHHfl, MexHKaMeHTOB h ap*
(npaB^a, He no bccm BH^aM npeznpHHTHH).
Hobhm ajieMeHTOM b CHCTeMe jibroT 5iBji5ieTC5i ocBo6o ^ e H H e o t Hajiora
50% npnbuiH np^npHflTHH, HanpaBjieHHOH Ha oxa3aHHe noMonH cbohm
pa 6oTHHKaM flJIfl HHAHBHAyajIbHOrO H KOOnepaTHBHOrO XHJIHIIHOrO
CTpOHTCJIbCTBa.
H3MeHHjicH noflxofl k Haji0ix)B0My CTHMyjinpoBaHHio npHMeHeHwa
Tpy^a neHCHOHepoB h HHBajiHAOB, npn^eM b npoTHBonojioxHbix

HanpaBjteHHHx: HajioroBoe CTHMyjiHpoBaHHe npHMeHeHHsi Tpy^a neHcnoHepoB OTMeHeHO, a Tpy^a HHBajiHAOB - ycmieHO. Ecjih aojih HHBajiHAOB b
o6nen MHCJieHHOCTH pa 6oTamnx cocTaBjweT He MeHee 50%, to craBKa
Hajiora Ha npn6buib yMeHbmaerca Ha 50%. Ho, KaK b 3tom, TaK h bo Bcex
aHajiomMHbix cjiywaax, b o6myio MHCJieHH0CTbBKjno^aioTCJi pa&rraiomHe
no AoroBopaM noAP^Aa, hhhm AoroBopaM rpaxAaHCKO-npaBOBOix)
xapaKTepa h no coBMecrHTejibCTBy.
Ynpa3AHeHa jibixyra, KacaBuiaacn 0Ka3aHH5i noMoun cejn>CK0X03siHCTBeHHbiM npeAnpHATHjiM b pa3BHTHH hx MaTepnajibHOH 6a 3H, 0Ha h
paHbnie 6buia HeBejiHKa (2% npnbuiH), a Tenepb ee HeT.
CymecTBeHHO H3MeHeHH ycjiOBHH Hajioroo6jio>KeHH5i Majiwx
npeAnpHATHH: H3 *mcjia npeAnpn a th h , ocBo6oAaeMbix o t ynjiaTM Hajio
ra b nepBbie Asa roAa pa 6oTH (c^HTasi co ah a peracTpau,HH), HCKjiiOHeHbi
BHeApeHHecKwe ripeAnpHJiTHJi; Tenepb jn>roTa pacnpocTpaHaeTCH TOJibKO
Ha npeAnpHATHH no np0H3B0ACTBy TOBapos HapoAHoro noTpe6jieHH,
CTpOHTejIbHbie,
peMOHTHO-CTpOHTeJIbHHe H no
npOH3BOACTBy
crpoHTejibHHx MaTepnajiOB (noApo6Hee o jibroTax Ha Hajiorn Majibix
npeAnpniTHH H3Jiarajiocb Bbirne)
He noAJieacHT HajioroojioaceHHio npnbuib:
pejiHrH03Hbix opraHM3auHH (o6 beAHHeHHH) o t KyjibTOBOH AeTejn>HOc th h peajiH3aiHH npeAMeTOB, Heo6 xoAHMux jjjisl coBepmeHM KyjibTa;
ofimecTBeHHux opraHH3aiHH HHBajiHAOB, a TaroKe HaxoAsninxcsi b co6 CTBeHHOCTH 3THX OpraHH3aiHH yqpeJKACHHH, npeAnpiIHTHH H o6 beAHHeh h h b Macra, HanpaBji^eMOH Ha ycraBHyio AeTejibHOCTb s th x
opraHH3auHn;
cneu,HajiH3HpOBaHHbix npoTe3HO-oproneAH^ecKHx npeAnpHsmiH;
OT npOH3BOACTBa TeXHHMeCKHX CpeACTB npO(J)HJiaKTHKH HHBaJIHAHOCTH
h peanjiHTaiHH HHBajiHAOB;
OT npOH3BOACTBa npOAyKUHH TpaAHUHOHHHX HapOAHHX npOMbICJlOB
MajiOMHCJieHHwx HapoAOB, ecjiH b o6men MHCJieHHOCTH pafxyraiomHx Ha
npeAnpHSITHflH JIHIa KOpeHHOH HaiHOHajIbHOCTH COCTaBJIHIOT 70%.

40

Hobhm b CHCTeMe jibroT

sLEjinercn nojiCHKeHne, CBH3aHHoe c
noKpHTMeM y 6HTKOB: ecjiH npeflnpHarae b npeAinecTByiomeM roAy noHecjio y 6HTKH, to HanpaBjiaeMaa Ha ero norameHne Macrb npnbuiH ocbo6oayaeTC o t Hajiora b TeweHHe nocjieAyiomHx 5 JieT (npn ycjiOBHH
nojiHoro Hcn0Jib30BaHHH jsjisl 3th x iejien pe3epBHoro h APyrnx aHajiorHMHblX no Ha3HaMeHHK) (J)OIiIpB).
CTapaiiTecb He CAaBaTb rocy^apcTBy OTHHCjieHHii Ha counajibHoe
CTpaxoBaHwe.

OTMHCJieHHH

Ha

coinajibHoe

crpaxoBaHHe

cocraBji5noT

Ha

npeflnpHATHflx 5,4% o t cyMMH, HawHCJieHHOH k on^aTe Tpyaa. flonycthm, Ha BameM npeAnpHHTHH b 3hoch Ha coiwajibHoe CTpaxoBaHHe cocraBjraiOT 150 THC.py6. b Mecai. Ilpn 3tom Ha oiuiaTy 6ojibHH*iHHx jihctob
yxo^HT 25 th c . py6. b Mecai. TaKHM 06pa30M, Brne npeAnpHHTHe 3a
npocro TaK OTAaeT rocyAapcTBy 135 th c py 6 .
Ha Ham B3r;i 5m, BHroAHee C03AaTb y ce6a Ha npeAnpHHTHH np0<i)C0i03
(HHHemHee 3aKOHOAaTejibCTBO 3to n03B0jraeT) h OTAaTb 135 th c . py 6 .
eMy. TorAa b 3tom cjiynae nocjie oiuiara 6ojibHH*mHx Bce AeHbra octiotc
Ha npeAnpHHTHH.
O t noAOxoAHoro Hajiora c (J)H3HnecKHX jihu, moxcho ocBo6oAHTbCH cjieAyionHMH cnoco6aMH:
Hcn0Jib30BaHMe noACTaBHbix jihu
HeKOTOpHe npeAnpHHHMaTejiH, KOTopne xoporno 3apa6aTHBaiOT h h
noAnaAaiOT noA acecTKyio mxajiy HajioroB, Macro Hcnojib3yiOT noAcraBh h x jihu,. noACTaBHHe jinia - 3to, xaK npaBHJio, jinia roc 6K)AaceTHoro
ceKTopa skohomhkh: neHCHOHepn, cryAeHTH, neAarora, acnnpaHTH h ap-,
to ecrb jinia, HMeiomne He6ojibiiiHe aoxoah. Ohh wane Bcero 3a
onpeAejieHHyK) iuiaTy corjiamaiOTCH Ha jmnoBHe TpyAOBHe corjiamehha, AoroBopa noAP^Aa h npo^ee.
3 TOT Cn0C06 CaMHH npOCrOH H CaMHH KpHMHHaJlbHHH. H k HeMy HaAO
npn 6 eraTb jnmb b RpatoeM cjiywae h c 6ojibmoH 0CT0p 0acH0CTbK).
UIhpoko Hcnojib3yHTe jibroTy no Hajiory.
Cepbe 3HHe H3MeHeHHH BHeceHH b CHCTeMy jibroT no Hajiory. HanCxyiee
cymecrBeHHoe H3 hhx co ctoht b tom, mtg ik>aoboh aoxoa rpaacAaHHHa,
HMeiomero HXAHBeHieB, yMeHbmaeTca 3a xaacAHH npopaoTaHHHH Mecsii Ha cyMMy MHHHMajibHOH MecsmHOH 3apa60TH0H rrjiaTH Ha KaxAoro
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rpa^KAaHCKOH bohh, HHHBajiHAOB nepBOH h btopoh rpynn, jihu,

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41

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r a He nOJIHOCTBK), a B p a 3 M e p e nOTHKpaTHOH MHHHMaJIbHOH MeC5IMHOH
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Aejie, b k o t o p o m o h r o m e r o He c m m c j ih t . H o b h m o k b (J)HHaHCOBOM Aejie
xo^eT 6ojibuiHx npnbuieH h b 6 o jib iu e H h j i h MeHbnieH c r e n e H H roM erca
3a HJUH03H5IMH. a a c e CaMMH npaK T H M H blH 6 p O K e p HJIH M e H e A X e p B K Jia n e p B w e 1000 py 6jien b 6ecitojie3HHe 6yMara, B b in y n e H H b ie

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o 6 o p y A O B a H H e, x o t b h a o b o j i m i o h 3 b c c t h o 3aBO A a, h j i h M axH H au .H n TeHeBHX ACJIbUOB.
B C(J)epe 4>HHaHCOB HHKOITa HeJIb35I B epH T b TOM y, MTO CJIblUIHUIb. H y 5 K h o n p H A ep a cH B a T b c a (J )h jio c o 4 )h h f le ic a p T a . C j ie A y e T B c e n o A e p r a T b c o MHeHHio. B ccfrep e <J)HHacoB x a a c A y io MHHyTy n p o n c x o A H T o 6 M a H b i.
Bojibm H H CTBO H3 h h x H e n p e A H a M e p e H w : o h h n p eA C T aB jraioT c o 6 o h t o , m to
M02KH0 Ha3BaTb (J)HHaHCOBbIMH HeTOMHOCTflMH. H o OHH 3aCTaBJI5HOT JHOAeii TepiiTb AeHbra. B ccfcepe (J)HHaHCOB Her He3aHHTepecoBaHHbix j i i o a c h .
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n p o A a B io B , a c o B e r a n p o A a B a n - o t n o K y n a T e jie w . H t o ic a c a e T c a c o o 6 m e HHH 06 OpraHH3aU,HH a K U H O H e p H M X o 6 n eC T B , TO HM H e jlb 3 3 AO BepH Tb 6 e 3 orjiH A H O . B C H r e c T b jio B K H e A e jib i u , c n o c o 6 H w e T a K H a n n c a T b p e m ia M y

06 a iciH 5i x y 6 H T 0 WH0 ix) 3 aBO A a, K a K 6 yA TO s t o aKii,H H H T U , T e p M e c .

E c j ih B e c r a p e ^ b o 6 ajiaH C O B b ix c ^ e T a x , t o n o ic a o h h 3 a cjiy a cH B a iO T
o n p e A e j ie H H o r o AOBepHH. H o (J)aKTOM HBjiaeTCfl t o , h t o K a a c a h h roA b o
M H o rn x H 3 h h x p a c x o A a M n p H A a eT C H b h a a o x o a o b h H a o 6 o p o T .

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A eH bra b jiy m iiy io (J)HpMy, KOTopasi n p oA aeT BaM TOBapbi. E c jih B h M eTaji-

*
B /amioM pa3Aejie HCn0Jib30Banbi >meii, H3Jio>KeHHbie b KHHre rep 6epTa HbKrroii
KaccoHa KaK AejiaTb h coxpaiurrb aern: Ilep. c am\n. - M.: H3#-bo HcrropHMecKoe
Hacjieaiie, 1992. - 32 c.

42

Jiypr, B;io;KHTe cboh AeHbrn b axinn h APyrne iemiHe 6yMarH Toro

MeTajuiyprHHecKoro 3aBOAa, AeJia KOToporo BeayTCH Hanfojiee pa3yMHo.
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c r o j ib x o jn o A e ii, c n o c o fm w x K o ro y r o A n o y 6 eAH Tb b h q m y r o A n o , m t o n e jiO B e K y H e jie n c o c o x p a H H T b t o , m t o o h H M eeT. E j ia r o A a p a y c n jiH H M x a x

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43

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3apa6aTbiBaiOT AeHbrn. Ohh BbmnuBaiOT h x H3 Bac. Ohh H3o6peTaK)T yAHBHTejibHbie npoeKTbi. Ohh jinxopaAOMHO CHyiOT B3aA h BnepeA h KpHMaT:
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nod daejiem ieM .
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ocymecTBjiaa hx, oh jih 6o BHHrpnsaeT, jih 6o npoHrpwsaeT. He cynecTByeT a 6cojnoTHoro iipaBHjia, npn n 0M0iiH KOToporo moxcho 6hjio 6h AenCTBOBaTb 6 e 3onacHo. Ho mo;kho a s tb HecicojibKo peicoMeHAaiHH,
ctoco 6h h x npeAOcrepewb o t caMHx onacHux npocMeTOB. OAHa H3 hhx rjiacht: Aejian AeHbrn Ha co6cTBeHHocrH, a He Ha iuiaHax.
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atejiamie. Oh He iftieeT OTHomeHHsi k peajibHOCTH, TpyAHOCTsim, y6nTKaM.
BH aM ajie h c b o 3 m o;kho onpeA ejiH T b, n jio x uiaH h jih x o p o rn . Bce, m to
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45

H e M o a c e T , n0flC>6H0 iu ia H a M , p a c T B o p H T b c a b

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ru ia H a , cod cT B eH H O C TH , c a M o r o c e 6 a .

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npeAHasHa^eH rjiaBHWM 06pa30M ajih MejiOBexa, xoropwH He HBjisieTCsi
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h c m M H o r o jie r a H H o n w T BeAeHHH A e ji c c o 6 c t b e H H o c T b io . H e ^ o B e x a , y M e lo u e r o o 6 p a iiaT b C fl c C06cTBeHH0CTbi0 , H e T a x -T o n p o c r o b b c c t h b 3a 6tnyacAeH He p a 3 ro B o p a M H h o 6 e n a H H 3 MH. H e jiO B e x , 3 H aioiiH H , m to T a x o e
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46

JXo Tex nop, noxa Bh He craHeTe HacTOJibKO 6orara, m t o CMoaceTe no3BOJiHTb ce6e TepaTb flem>rH h He coacajieTb 06 3 t o m , He noKynaiiTe h h
OflHOH BenH TOJibKO nOTOMy, MTO OHa BaM HpaBHTC5I. IlOMTH KaXflHH, HaMHHaa, coBepmaer 3Ty omH6Ky. Oh noKynaeT TOBapn, Koropne yjOBjieTBopAior TOJibKO ero BKyc, a noTOM oHapyxtHBaeT, h t o o h h HHKOMy, KpoMe
Hero, He HyacHH. H Tosapn MepTBbiM rpy 30M ocejaiOT Ha ero nojiKax.
O flH H n p e A n p H H H M a T C Jib K y n H ji n a T e r n K a K o r o - T o y c r p o H c r a a . E c j i h
n a T e H T H e 6 y a e T H cn 0 Jib 3 0 B a H k c m - j ih 6 o a p y r H M , e c jiH H 3 n )T O B jieH H e
y cT p o H C T B a o 6 o H ^ eT ca A e u ie B o h ecjiw n y 6 jiH K a 3 a x o M e T e r o n o x y n a T b ,
TOJibKO Torza 3 t o t 6 n 3 H ecM eH c a e jia e T c o c t o h h h c . O h H e n o a y M a ji 06 3 t h x
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HH KTO H e XOMeT e r o K y n H T b .
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BpeM5i o t B p e M e H H c o B a e p m a e r 3 T y o n iH 6 K y - n o K y n a e T t o , m to noT O M H e

MoaceT npoAaTb.
I I p H noKynKe s c e r a a HyacHO noMHHTb o cjieayiomeM.
1. B h MoaceTe H 3 M eH H Tb CBoe OTHOiiieiiHe k npeflMeTy noKynKH. R o m ,
k o t o p h h b h noKynaeTe ceroflHH, MoaceT 3 a B Tp a BaM p a 3 0 H p a B H T b c a .
2 . npoAaacHan ieHa onpeflejiaeTca cnpocoM, a He CTOHMOCTbK) hjih ieHHOCTbK). IeHa - 3to to , mto BaM MoryT npejyioatHTb.
3 . H e jib 3 8 T p a T H T b A e H b rn b y r o a y c b o h m n p H x o r a M h n p n 3 T 0 M a y M a T b ,
m to

B h A e jia e T e B jioaceH H e K a n H T a jia .

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c e 6 fl, KOHeMHO, m ohcho, h o H e p a H b m e , MeM

Bh

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niBHpsiTb fleHbin Ha BeTep.

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Ha Hero noKynaTejra. H e m o6H^Hee h npHBHMHee Benp>, TeM 6 o jib in e noKynaTejien.
06HKHOBeHHHM JIIOflAM HyXHH 06HKH0BeHHHe BeUH, a fleBHTb flec"
THX JlIOfleii B MHpe - 06HKH0BeHHHe JIIOflH. 3tO BCJIHKafl HCTHHa, O KOTopoH o^eHb MHorne coBepmeHHO 3a6HBaiOT. HeM CBoeo6pa3Hen,
o p n r H H a jib H e n h y H H K a jib H e ii B e m b , t c m 6 o jib in e 6yzeT n o T e p b npn e e
npoflaace.
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Aa - MOaCHO CMeJIO noKynaTb. CTOHMOCTb COCCTBeHHOCTH OTM3CTH 33BHCHT
o t e e c n 0 C0 6 H 0CTH 6 n T b npozaH HOH . 3 a H C K jH on eH H eM T e x c jiy H a e B , K o r a a
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TOJibKO t o ,

m to m o?kho 6 b ic r p o n e p e n p o a a T b 6 e3 n o T e p b .

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npH6 bijiH.
HacTO npnxoAHTCfl c jin u a T b : Kax x a j i x o , h t o si ynycraji b o 3 m o ;k HOCTb 3 t o npoAaTb . MHorne HeH3MeHHO n o K y n a jiH , n o K y n a io r h 6yayT
noKynaTb h m c h h o Toraa, Koraa ieHH caMHe b h c o k h c . O h h noKynaiOT noTOMy, m to Bce BOKpyr noKynaiOT. A apyrne jh o zjh , k o t o p h x Toace HeMajio,
MorjiH 6 h , h o ynopHQ OTKa3HBaiOTC5i npoflaBaTb npn b h c o k h x ieHax.

47

Ho b 6w3Hece rjiaBHoe - npH6i>uib, a He caM npoiecc, kskhm 6h oh hh

6hji.
3 to 3HaMHT, mto, ec/m ToproBeu, MoaceT nojiyuHTb Sojibme zeHer ot
npoAaacn CBoero Mara3HHa, MeM ot npoAaacn cbohx TOBapoB, oh aojdkch
npoAaTb Mara3HH. Ecjih BjiaAejieu, o6yBHoro np0H3B0ACTBa MoaceT nojiywHTb 6ojibniyio npn6buib ot npoAaacn CBoen cJ)a6pHKH, mcm ot npoAaacH
o6yBH, oh AOJDKeH npoAaTb 4>a6pHKy.
Mh BCe CJIHIHKOM npHB5I3aHH K CBOCH CoCTBCHHOCTH. Mh
npHraoacAeHH k Heii. Mh othochmch k hch KaK k neMy-TO HeorwyacAaeMOMy, He noAJieacameMy npoAaace. OqeHb Macro ^ejiOBeK MoaceT AejiaTb
AeHbra, CKopen, BtinojiH5i5i mto-to HecraHAapTHo, Heacejm TpaAHiHOHHM
cnoco6oM. jih Toro, mto6h 6ncrpo CKOJiOTHTb AOCTaTOMHyio cyMMy acHer, HyacHO hath KpaTwaHinHM nyTeM. Hejib35i ynycKaTb hh oahoh 6jiaronpHflTHOH bo3mochocth nojiyueHHH npnbuiH.
B03bMeM KOHKpeTHblH npHMep. OAHH MOCKOBCKHH KOMMepeaHT KynHJI
jieTOM 1991 r. OAHy aKinio Pocchhckoh TOBapHO-cnpbeBOH 6npacn 3a 100
thc. py6. Hepes rnecTb MecsneB hx ieHa noAHsuiacb ao 3 mjih py 6. Oh Mor
npoAaTbHx. HooHHe 3axoTejinpoAaBaTb. OHCKa3aji: HeT, z6yj\y xgaTb,
noKa ohh noAHHMyTCH ao 6 m^h py6. Ceifaac ero aKiHH ynajiH ao 2 mjih
py6. Oh ynycTHji cboh cjiyuaif. Oh nocrynHji 6h pa3yMHee, nojiy^HB
npnbuib cpa3y.

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hm npeAJiaraiOT 3a hx TOBap BncoKyio ieHy. Ecjih 3to TaK bhix>aho kcmto oieHHBaeTca, to sto npnroAHTCsi MHe caMOMy, - AyMaioT ohh. Ho sto
HenpaBHjibHas no3HiH5i. CyTb coctoht b tom, mto6h Hcn0Jib30BaTb KaacAyio 6jiaronpH5iTHyK) B03M0acH0crb BepHoro ncrporo nojiyMeHHsi
npnnjiH. HyacHO npHHHMaTb bo BHHMaHHe (JjaKTop BpeMeHH. JlyMme AejiaTb 100 thc. py6. b Mecai, Mem 200 thc. py6. b ida.
fljra Toro, mto6h AejiaTb Aem>rH, mcjiobck AOiaceH AeHCTBosaTb 6ucrpo.

Oh AOJiaceH yMerb npHcnoca6jiHBaTbC5i k pa3JiHMHHM CHTyaiHsiM. Oh aojiaceH uejiHKOM nocBATHTb ce6a AOCTHaceHHio oahoh iejrn, 0AH0My o6pa3y
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B03M0acH0crb nojiyMeHHH npnbuiH, oh He AOJiaceH ee ynycKaTb.
Jlymne cpa3y nojiyMHTb He6ojibinyio npnbuib, MeM no3AHee KpynHyio. urio3AHee - 3to HenpneMjieMO ajih t3khx npexoAflmnx h HeMOIIHblX CymeCTB, KaK JIIOAH, MeH AeflTejIbHHH B03paCT COCTaBJISieT He 6ojiee copoKa kopotkhx act.

Xn3Hb KopoTKa. EyAymee BcerAa HeonpeAejieHHO. nosroM y He ynyCKaiiTe hh oahoh H3 Tex B03M02KH0creH, KOTopne AaeT BaM Hacrosiui.ee.
EyAbTe npoBopHee b nojiyMeHHH npnnjiH. KaacAasi Majiaa M a c r b ,
npiicoeAHHeHHasi k TOMy, mto yace HMeeTe, AejiaeT Bac 6orawe.

IJpaeiuio 6. IIOKynaHTe bo BpeMsi noHHaceHHfl, a npoAaBairre bo BpeMji

noBbiiueHHji u,eH

48

IIpaBHJIO COCTOHT BCerO H3 HeCKOJIbKHX CJIOB, HO, eCJIH Bbl CMOaceTe

ero Ha n p a K T H x e, t o QAejiaeTe iejioe c o c t o h h h c . 0 6 3 t o m jier-

npHMeHHTb

KO rOBOpHTb, HO BpflA JIU HaHflCTCH OflHH MeJIOBeK H3 T H C O T H , y KOTOpOIX)

X B a T H T CM6 JI0 CTH H CaMOCTOSITeJIbHOCTH C flejiaT b 3 TO.

IIomth Bce n 0Kynai0T h

n p o A a iO T ,

HeacHbiH pbiH OK noAM HHsuoTCH T o jm e .

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OAHOH H3 r^aBHbtX npHMHH y 6 blTKOB.

CTpaHHbiM h , npaBAa, He Bnojme AOCTOBepHbiw <J>aKT: 6 o jim u h h c t b o jiio Ha BceM npoTaaceHHH CBoero acH3HeHHoro nyra - o t Kojibrejm a o m o m jiu - He coBepmaioT h h o a h o i d caMOCToaTejibHoro nocTynKa. Bcio c b o io
3CH3Hb OHH CJieAyiOT 3a TOJIIIOH. y HHX B IX)JIOBe yTBepAWJIOCb 06nenpHHHToe MHeHHe, m to TaK cnoKOHHee.
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BcerAa nponrpbiBaeT. 3 t o t (J)aKT H3BecreH HeMHorHM jh o a h m , a Te, k t o ero
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H o h h ACJiaKrr 3 t o , noTOMy m to cjicaht 3a ieHaMH, a He 3a Tojmoii. O h HaHCbi - 3 t o np&Maa np 0THB0n 0Ji0;KH0CTb nojiHTHKe. KaK Majio 6H3HecMeHOB C03Hai0T 3TO. OHHaHCH MaJIO BOJIHyeT MHeHHe 6oJIbUIHHCTBa.
LeHH He ycrraHaB;iHBaiOTC5i rojiocosaHMeM.

Aeik

B to ace BpeMH cnpaBeAJiHBo, mto ouecTB eH H oe MHeHHe BbObiBaer k o jie 6 a H H 5i u,eH. K o r A a Aecsm M ejiOBeK xo ta t n p o A a T b a K iH H K a K 0 H -H n 6 yAi>

KOMnaHHH, a noKynaTejien TOJibKOnsrrb, ieHa Ha aKiHH naAaeT. A KorAa

A B a A u a T b MejiOBeK n o K y n a iO T , ho n p o A a iO T TOJibKO nsm , ie H a n o A H H M a eTCfl.

Ho

c T O JinoH .
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O h H a 6 jiK>AaeT c o c t o p o h h h H c n o jib 3 y e T KOJie6 a H H 5i u e H .

B n p o rH B H O M c j iy nepeiuiaraTe. HracorAa H e n p o A a B a trr e , K o rA a n p o A a B io B

n o K y n a T e jie H . M iia ^ e H e H 3 6 eacHO 3 a p a 6 a r a e T e rp o u iH . To

K y n a iiT e , K o rA a n o K y n a T e jre H 6 o jib m e , MeM n p o A a s iO B .

*iae H a s e p H flK a

6 o jib iu e , u e M
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HyacHO CTOMTb b CTopoHe o t m /m u h Hcn0Jib30BaTb bo3mo>khocth, koTopwe OTKpwsaioT H3MeHeHM5i uch. HeMHorae jiioah, y kotopwx xsaraT
MyacecrBa nocrynaTb tbkhm 06pa30M, pa36oraTeK)T.

npaeiuio 7 . A e p a c n AeHbrn b o S o p O T e
0

a h 3 h 3 pacnpocTp aH eH H w x

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ynaiO T H eBbicoKyio n pn6buib, c o c t o h t b t o m , u t o c j ih u ik o m o/ibuine ACHbr n y h h x HenoABHacHbi. C j i h u i k o m m h o ix ) t o b b p o b jieacHT Ha AajibHHx

n o^ K a x . C j i h u i k o m m h o ix ) He Hcnojib3yeTC o6opyAOBaHH5i. C j i h u i k o m
6ojibm oH 3anac cwpbH. C j i h u i k o m m h o ix ) 3A3 h h h . B c e 3t o o3HaMaeT 6e 3A eiicTB yiom H H KanH Taji. 3

to

CBoero poAa n a p a jin q .

49

HacTo 6 h iB a e T , h t o ABe Tpera KanHTajia (J)hpmh omepTBjieHo, h bca

Harpy^Ka jiojkhtch Ha 0CTaBmyi0TC5i TpeTb. H e T HHKaKOH b h k ) a h
npHAepxtHBaTb TOBap, KpoMe Tex cny^aes, K or# a pacryT i e H H . IeHHOCTb
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CKOJibKO OHH CT05IT.

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J l y m n e B3HTb
H M e Tb H a

200

t h c . p y 6 . h n y c T H T b h x b H e n p e p H B H H * o o p o T , q e M

MJIH p y 6 . H eX O AO BH X TOBapOB.

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A e H b rn , A e H b rn - CHOBa H a TO Bap! H A e jia T b 3 t o HyacHO 6 h c t p o - b s t o m
c e x p e r 6 o jib u iH x a u b m a c h a o b .
H o p M a n p H 6 w jiH 6 o jib in e 3aBHCHT o t c k o p o c t h n p o A a a c , MeM o t b h c o t h
ie H . B w ro A H e e C A ejia T b

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o h O TBe^ aeT: E o j ib in e K a n H T a jia . K a K n p a B H jio , 3 t o o iim K a : Hy^KHO y c K o p H T b H c n o jib 3 0 B a H H e K a n H T a jia , k o t o p h h e c r b . J I io 6 o ir M e jio B e K M oaceT
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n p o u e H T H 3a K a n H T a ji. f le iu e B j ie p e ic jia M H p o B a T b c b o h T O B a p , h c m h c c t h
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CTaTb 6n3H ecM eH O M . E M y

50

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npOAyKTHBHOCTH. PMeHHO B 3T0M3aKJHOMaeTC npHMHHa CTOJIb B H c o k o h 6e3pa6oTHiH. HaeM pa 6oMero rojiaercsi npn 6buibHHM TOJibKO b t o m
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n p e a cA e h c m o c M e jiH T b c n n o n p o c H T b A e H e r y A P y r n x . H o K a K TOJibKO B h
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51

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p a 3 B H T H e OT XBaCTOBCTBa. P a 3 B H T H e 0 3 H a M a e T POCT A eH C TB H TeJIbH blX MacUITa6oB 6H3HeCa, BTO B p e M fl KaK XBaCTOBCTBO COCTOHT Bn p n y K p a iH H B a H H H
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m t o 6 h n p H B ^ e K a T b B H H M a H n e h n p 0 H 3 B0 AHTb B n e n a T ^ e H n e .
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52

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53

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chhthx co cqeTa cyMM.
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nepeMHC^ieHHbix hm npeAnpHsrnfsiMH no 6e 3HajiHHHOMy pacMeTy no (J)hkthbhmm AoroBopaM. 3aTeM ohh B03Bpam;ajiH hx xo3aeBaM.

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npHo6peTeHHH KOMnwoTepoB h APyroH tcxhhkh, 3aTeM nepeAaBajiH hx
55

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HexoTopoe BpeMi Ha 0CH0BaHHH MaTepnajiOB, npeAocraBjieHHbix Hameii
crpaHOH, ohh 6buin 3aAepxaHbi npaBooxpaHHTejibHUMH opraHaMH IIlBeHuapHH h Eojihbhh. Oahh H3 hhx yxe AenoprHpoBaH b Pocchio, a HeAaBHO
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HanpHMep, npn ywpeacAeHHH 6aHxa O b oahoh h 3 aBTOHOMHwx
pecny 6jiHx Pocchh h h oahh h 3 n a r a nanmHxoB-yMpeAHTejieH naeBwe
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56

3anHTa o t thkhx Heno6pocoBecTHbix npeanpHHHMaTejieH, b oco6chhocth

b TaKHx ccjjepax AesrrejibHOCTH, r^e rocyAapcTBO ocymecTBjisieT jraijeH3HpOBaHHe.

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(fjaKTbi MomeHHimecKHx onepaunft, HanpaBjieHHux Ha nojiyMeHHe
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He oauaMaeT, mto 3jioyMhiuuiCHHHKH 6ynyr HaKa3aHH, noocojiMcy achctByiOLUHC HopMM y pojiobhopo npaBa He oxBaTbiBaiOT hx achcteha b nojmoH
Mcpe. HapyiUHTCJIHM HCpCAKO yAaCTCH H36eacaTb OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH, T3K
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pacinnpseTca, to cneiHajracTH np0rH03Hpyi0T Bcnjieac sroro BH^a
npecTynjieHH.
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mctoa

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nocpeAHHMecKHx onepaiHH c KOMnbiOTepaMH 6 aHKOBCKHH KpeAHT b 10
mjih py6 . (uH({)pa ycjioBHasi). Kpe/HTHbiH AoroBop cocraBm iH 6 e3 h3jih-

6 aHKpoTCTBa.

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npeAOcraBjieHHsi yxra/iTepcKOH h craTHCTHMecKOH otmcthocth.

IIpaBAa, KpeAMT 6hji BHAaH noA 3ajior MaTepnajibHHx ueHHOcreH,

nepeMHCJieHHwx b 3ajioroBOM o6fl3aTejibCTBe. KoonepaTHB 3ajioactui b
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peajIbHOCTH?
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KpeAHTa 3Toro He 6 h jio CAejiaHo.
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3 r y c y M M y b c j i y n a e , e c jiH K peA H T B 0 3 B p a u e H H e 6 y A e T . O c ra T O K A e w e a c h h x cpeA C TB H a pacM eTH O M c ^ e T e - B ejiH M H H a H e n o c r o H H H a si h Moacer H 3 MeH5ITbC5I HeCKOJIbKO p a 3 B A e H b . K p O M e TOIX3, K peA H T B H A 3JI OAHH 6 a H K , a
p a c ^ e T H H H c h q t 6 h j i b A p y r o M , h 6 h j i o T aM H a A a T y c o c r a B jie H H f l 3 a j i o r o b o f o o65i3aTejibCTBa MeHbrne 1 0 0 p y 6 . I l p n 3 t o m H e 6 n j i a norameHa
n p e A H A y m a a c c y A a H a n o K y n K y o6o p y A O B aH H 5 i - 2 m j i h p y 6 .

57

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mto cpa3y ace 3aTpyAHmio Koffrpojib 3a ero iejieBbiM Hcn0jib30BaHneM: 3 t h
1 0 m j i h py 6 . 6 m j i h o 6eaJiHMeHbi h pacxoAOBajincb BMecre c nocTynHBineH
BHpyWKOH OT peaJIH3aiHH npOAyKUHH. JI,OXOAbI KoonepaTHBa COCTaBHJIH
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0iuiaMeHH0H npoflyKUHH He 6 h j i o OTrpyaceHO.
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T o , m t o KoonepaTHB He co 6Hpajica B03BpamaTb Kpe^HT, o m c b h a h o H3
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AeHeacHux cpeACTB ajia norameHHH KpeAHTa, a OKynaeMOCTb h 3(J)(i)eKTHBHOCTb 3aTpaT 6 b u i a Kpaime h h 3 k o h . H BejiHMHHa xo3pac^eTHoro Aoxofla
6bIJia HeAOCTaTOUHOH RJIX JIHKBHAaiHH 3aAOJiaceHHOCTH 6aHKy. OflHaKO
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b Te^eHHe Bcero nepHOAa KoonepaTHB pacnojiaraji 3HaMHTejibHbiHMH MaTepnajibHbiMH ieHHocrflMH h fleHeacHHMH epefleTBaMH. BHpyMKa o t
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58

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paCCJieAOBaHHCM ACHTejIbHOCTH (J)HpMbI X , CMHTaiOT, MTO nOA06HOIX) B
crpaHe ene hhkto He npoAejiHBaji.
...B npomjiOM roAy ao Aman AOKamnacb BOJiHa MHoro^HCJieHHwx
nrp, CBH3aHHbixcnepecbuiKOHAeHernonoMTe. FIomtobhkh 3aAwxajiHCb
noA 6peMeHeM nepeBOAOB no 25, 75 h Aaace 300 py6jieH, KOTopwe ct&jih
CTeKaTbCfl k pacnpocrpaHHTe^siM TaK Ha3HBaeMbix aKiHH. KaK h oieAOBajio oacHAaTb, o6oraraB HaH6ojiee npeAnpHHMVMBwx, OKa3aBiHHXC5i b
nepBbix p^Aax, n rp a crama 3aTyxaTb. Ho ocra^acb Macca HapoAy, BjiaAeiomero aKiHHMH, no cyTH *,6ecno^e3HWMH 6yMaacKaMH...
H TyT noHBHjiacb cJwpMa X , roTOBafl npHHHMaTb aKiHH b He-

orpaHHMeHHOM KOJinqecTBe.

He 6mjio KaKOH-TOoco6oh peKjiaMH, a HOBocrb pacnpocTpaHH^acb, KaK

jiecHOHnoxap. X htcjih EapHayjia noTHHyjiHCb b HacKopo 0TKpuTyi0 K0HTopy, iTe y hhx Bno^He o(|)HUHajiobHo, c BWAaMen pacnncoK h 3aHeceHweM
b rpocc6yxH, npHHHMajiH ripecjiOByTbie aKUHH. npaBAa, k 3T0My HyHO
6buioAo6aBOTb 900py6^en, HonoATaKyionepcneKTHBy. KaacAyiOHeAe^io
HaTaKOHBKjiaAHa6erajio 15% mhctofoAoxoAa.BMecHii,-60%. A coaieAy*omero Mecsna yace Ha 3Ty HOByK) BbipocmyK) cyMMy - onsiTb 15, noroM
59

- 60... Ho Bce 3to npn oahom ycjiOBHH - AeHer He 3a6npaTb, npnxoAHTb

KaxAyio He^ejiio, paaiHCWBaTbCH 3a HOByK) cyMMy. HeT, kohcmho, moacernb 3a6paTb, ho Tor^a - miaicajin tb o h npoiernw...
H n p n x o jH jiH , h OTM ew ajiHCb b c n n c K a x . H T a K - 6 o jib in e A y x M e c a ie B ,
n o x a H a k o H e u H e o6 H apy^ KHjiocb: n o jiy M H T b c b o h b k j i3 a y X h c b o 3m o ;k h o . I lo H a M a jiy A e H b r a B W A a B a jm cb n o n e p s o M y T e 6 o B a H H io , h o t o m c 3 a AepxcKow : H e T A e H e r . A n o T O M ... H o t o m (m pM a 3 a K p w jia c b . D i a B a e e
HCMe3 b n p o c T o p a x H a m e ii P o a h h w . K a K C K a 3 aHO 6 w jio b o 6 i>5iB jie H H H o
p o 3w cK e, c

55

M H ju m o H a M H p y d j ie i...

CeiiMac bo Bcex oraejieHHHx m hjihuhh ropoAa CKonnjiocb okojio usltvl

twchm 3anBjieHHH oMaHyTbix rpaatAaH, Tpe6yiouHx BepHyTb AeHbrn. B
HeKOTopbix 3a5iBjieHHflx noTepneBiime Ha3WBaioT cyMMy He
nepBOHaMajibHyK), a c npoieHTaMH, Ha6eacaBniHMH 3a AOJime He^ejin o tMe^aHHa b cnncKax. Ho, noxoace, Aejio CBeaeTCfl k TOMy, mto He yBHAflT
BKJiaA^HKH He TOJibKO npOIeHTOB, HO H CBOHX KpOBHWX.
KaK bhahm, ji^cenpeflnpHHHMaTejibCTBO peajibHO cymecTByeT b Hameii
2KH3HH. Mbi ace coBeTyeM HaMHHatouHM npeAnpHHHMaTejisiM He BcrynaTb
Ha KpHMHHajibHHH nyTb. nycTb Bw 3apa6oTaeTe Majio, ho 3aTO 6y^eTe
cnoKOHHw 3a cboc 6yaymee.
7 .

I I P

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n e p e A T e M , K a K B c e p b e 3 3 aHH TbC5i M a c r a w m 6 h 3 h c c o m , c jie A y e T r j i y 60 K 0

3a A y M a T b c a : A C M o ry j i h h c n p a B H T b csi c 3 t h m a c jio m ? T o t o b j i h h k H e M y ? n p H B e A e H H W H H H x e T e c T n 03 B 0 JiH T o n p e A e jiH T b
M e c K y io roTOBH OCTb k a r o M y BaacH OM y

Barny n c H x o j io r a -

rnary.

Aa h j i h HeT.
1. Bw onpeAejiHjiHCb, KaKHe ycjiyrn wo^ceTe npeAJioxcHTb?
2. KaK Bw AyMaeTe, npeAJioaceHHwe BaMH ycjiyrn 6yAyT n0jib30BaTbca
cnpocoM?
3. C M H T a e T e j i h Bw, m to y Bac 6 y A e T M a n o K O H K yp eH TO B ?
4 .3HaeTe j ih Bw, mcm Bw 3aiiMeTecb, ecjin Brne A e jio OKaaceTca y6wO T B e M a T b HaAO

TOMHWM?

5. nojiaraeTe jih Bw, mto b cjiyMae npoBajia Brne B03BpaueHHe Ha

npexcHioio pa6oTy hcbo3mo;>kho?
6. y Bac HMeioTCH napTHepw, kotopwm Bw a6cojiiOTHO AOBepaeTe?
7. BauiM napraepw h b jis h o t c a a o c t 3 to m h o K O M n eT eH T H W M H b
Bw6paHHOH o6jiacTH?

8. KaK Bw C M H TaeTe,

CM oaceTe j ih

Bw b CBoen A esrrejibHOCTH

B c e rA a

co-

fijIIOAaTb 3 3 KOH?

9. Ecjih BaMnpeAJioacaT Aejio, Aaiomee MrHOBeHHO200-300%, Bw, 6e3ycjiOBHo, 3aAyMaeTecb, npeacAe MeMcorjiacHTbcsi?
10. C k j i o h h w j ih Bw BcerAa T m a T e jib H O n p o B e p s iT b Aejiosyio h h (})OpMaiHK)?

60

1 1 . C o w p a e T e c b j i h B h orpaH H M H B aTb
3o sa H H H nepB O H i i p h 6 h j i h ?

cboh

n o x p e 6 HOCTH n p n H c n o jib -

12. IIoAAepxcHBaiOT j i h Barnn HanHHaHHsi Bauin p o A H b i e

MyaO?
13. YMeeTe j i h Bh ^opo^MTi cbohmh napTHCpaMH?
14. C m o x c t c j i h Bu h zjjynat y ^ a ^ H hc x B a j x H T b c s c b o h m h
15. Fotobm

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R i i p ; i 6 o i a r h n o

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10

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noAyMaTb, a rjiy o K O 3aAyMaTbC5i, npea<Ae m c m 6 p a T b c a 3a

o t b c t h jih

naAO He n p o cT O
CBoe A e j i o .

61

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Mockobckhh BHeflpeHqecKHH u;eHTp HTOjiaH npea^araeT BaM HeAoporae npaKraqecKHe noco 6HH. U,eHbi Ha KHHrn 3K0H0MHMecK0r0
npo^iuiH y Hac caMbie HH3KHe b crpaHe. M h 3a6oTHMCH 6ojibine o Bac h o
CBoeif penyTai^HH.

Bh He o6MaHeTecb b cbohx oatHAaHHHx. B Harnnx KHHrax bh HaiiAeTe

MHoro nojie3Horo h HeofixoAHMoro b npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKOH AesrrejibHOCTH.
yK^eM BauiHx 3asiBOK h acejiaeM c b3 mh coTpyAHHMaTb Ha 6;iaro
B03p0^eHHfl Hameii npeKpacHoii CTpaHn!
H A JIO m

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PyKOBOACTBO HanncaHO K.3.H* A.3.EeJISi;iOBHM. IlpHBOAHTeH
peKOMeHflauHH no yMeHbiueHHio yiuiaTH npeAnpHHTHsiMH HajioroB Ha
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npeAnpHATHH. P eKOMeH/aiHH conpoBoacAaioTCfl npHMepaMH pac^eroB.
50 c. 56 py6.
* KaK M36exaTb rpaxcAaHaM Sojibiuux HajioroB.
PyKOBOffCTBO HanncaHO A.3 .Eeji5uioBHM

IlpHBOflflTCH pKOMeH,zai;HH no yMeHbiueHHio ynjiaTH rpaacflaHaMH noAoxoAHoro Hajiora, HajioroB c HMymecTB, c npeAnpHHHMaTejibCKOH RenTejIbHOCTH, pa3JIHMHbIX c60p 0B. PeKOMCHAaUHH COnpOBO)KAaK)TC5I
npHMepaMH pacMeTOB. 50 c. 62 py 6 .
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O e^epauMM

rpaacAaH P occhmckoh

PyKOBOACTBO pa3pa60T3H0 a*3-h., npo(j). r.^.KnnepMaHOM, k.s.h.

A. 3 .Ee;iHJI0BbIM. B HeM H3JIO)KeHM OCHOBHbie noaceHHH H npHHlHnbl
eAHHoii cHCTeMbi Hajioroo6^oaceHHH npeAnpHHTHH h rpa^maH. flaHbi
KOHKperabie peKOMeHAai^HH h npHMepbi pacneTOB HajioroB Ha npH6buib,
aKii,H30B, HajioroB Ha Ao6aB;ieHHyjo CTOHMOCTb, Ha HMymecTBO
npeAnpHHTHH, CTpaxoBbix b3hoboc, HajioroB c rpaayaH h ap.
B npHjioacenHsix AaH 6o;ibmoH naKex 3aK0H0AaTejibHwx h
HHCTpyKTHBHblX AOKyMeHTOB, BBeACHHblX B ACMCTBHe C 1 HHBapH 1992 T.
200 c. 90 py6.

62

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KHHra

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KpH3HCa HCTaTb IipnOblJIblIblM.
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n peA npw siTH H b y cjiO B H a x 3K0H0MHMCCK0r0 x p H 3 H ca. 6 4 . c . 9 8 p y 6 .

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PyKOBOACTBO nOArOTOBJieHO A.3.BejISUIOBHM. B HeM H3JIO;KeHH
npH H U,H nbI 6H paceBOH TOprOBJIH H 6 p O K ep C K O H ACHTejIbHOCTH. ZaH bl

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B npnjio^ceHHHx AaH (xxrcbiiiOH naxeT THnoBbix h HHcrpyKTHBHHx aoKyMeHTOB (b TOMMHCJie3aK0H PoCCHH O TOBapHHX 6npcax , npHHOTHH
b (J)eBpajie 1992 roAa), a TaK>Ke noApo6HHH cjiOBapb tcpmhhob 6HpaceBOH
ToproBjiH. 210 c. 73 py6.

* IIo 6yxrajiTepcxoMy yneTy, KBapTajibHOH h toaoboh otmcthocth b

Pocchhckoh OeAepauwH (C6. AOKyMeHTOB)
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CBbirne 1 0 0 3K 3 . - 2 5 %
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ripHrjiamaeM k coTpyAHHqecTBy pacnpocTpaHHTe^eH KHHr.

63

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