Small Scale LNG

Market Opportunities

Update ISO Global Standards

for LNG Filling Stations
Shyreen Dahoe, Secretary of ISO PC 252

Martin Seifert, Chairman of ISO 252

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

The metrics of a LNG refuelling station

Small Scale LNG

Capacity: 50 100 m3 LNG storage
Average time for filling storage 1-2 hours
Tank pressure: 6 10 bar/Temperature: 150oC
LNG-Dispensing: 150 200 l/min
Investment costs: 1.2 2 Mio Euro

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Small Scale LNG

Drivers and Barriers

Diversification of vehicle fuel Chain
Reduction of local emissions by running hecvy
duty applications
Locomotives
Goods transports
Canal ships
Diversification of NG sources
Backup, peak-straving (on per day basis)
LNG advantages in density substitution of Diesel
Ship fuelling
Virtual pipelines to remote regions
Easy LNG-transport on road rail cars, barges for neau
shore or river transport

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Referent: Martin
Seifert, SVGW
Referent:
M. Seifert,

SVGW

Small Scale LNG

Drivers and Barriers

Lack of framework regulations for LNG on
Land and rivers in the EU/Transportation of LNG on road, canals and rail still
not harmonized
Subsidies/tax exemption-reductions for
LNG- Infrastructure build up
No harmoniezed standards for LNG/LCNG
refuelling stations
No approved standards for on board
equipment on vehicles

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Referent: Martin
Seifert, SVGW
Referent:
M. Seifert,

SVGW

Typical Small Scale LNG

Total L-CNG stations in Europe: 30

LNG, Heavy Duty Vehicles

CNG, mainly for Passenger

And Light Duty Vehicles

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

The Landscape
The use of LNG as a vehicle fuel is one of the fastest
growing sectors of the NGV industry
Rapid technical advances
Broad scope of possible applications:
- Heavy duty vehicles
- Rail locomotives
- Marine applications: Ship propulsion
But........
Very interesting for peak shaving
Key technology for satellite gas distribution systems

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

And the Key is

LNG transport on the road

LNG transport on ships (inland shipping)
LNG transport on rails

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Standards
What is it.........Bloody Boring!!!
Who wants zo know about standards
processes?
Who wants to participate?
But we need them for:
- The Authorities. Assist regulators/
ease approvals
- For Commissioning
- Maintaining safety and reliability
Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Standards
Permanent working in progress
Never finished

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Safety considerations
Flammable Vapour: Thermal radiation
from ignited LNG vapours/Explosions
Cryogenic fluid (T<-130 oC). Burns by
direct exposure of skin/Material damages

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Requirements for the use

Containments: Primary containment with appropriate
materials and engineering design/Secondary
containment preventing leaks such that the area affected
is minimized
Minimize the frequency and size of LNG release and the
consequences

Risk analysis
Detection of gas and fire
Safety concept with alarms
Emergency shutdown/equipment isolation
Hazardous zones (avoiding ignition sources)
Separation distances
Training
Maintenance

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Current Standards in the LNG Field

EN 13645: Installations and equipment for

LNG Design of onshore installations with
a storage capacity between 5-200t
EN 1473: Installation and equipment for
liquified natural gas-design of onshore
installations

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Current Status of Refuelling Station Standards

LNG
Shyreen Dahoe
Secretary ISO/PC 252
Martin Seifert
Chairman ISO/PC 252

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

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Start-up ISO/PC 252 & RCS (1)

New work item proposal submitted
to ISO by the NGV Global in 2008.

Mandatory

Adopted on 18th June 2009 and ISO

structure established to carry out
the work.
Chairman: Martin Seifert (Swiss
Water & Gas Association)

Voluntary

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

14

UN Structure for NGV Regulations

United Nations
Economic
Commission for
Europe
(UN / ECE)
Inland
Transport
Committee

Working Party
on Pollution
and Energy
(GRPE)
Regulation 115

Working
Party.29
World Forum for
Harmonization of
Vehicle Regulations

Working Party
on General
Safety
Provisions
(GRSG)
Regulation 110
Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Start-up ISO/PC 252

UN / ECE
United Nations
Economic
Commission for
Europe

ISO
International
Organization
Standardization

PC252
CNG & LNG
Fuellng
Stations

TC220
Cryogenic
vessels
(Working
Groups 1,2,3)

TC193
Natural Gas
Characteristics

Liaison
WG1
CNG Fuelling
Stations
WG2
LNG & L-CNG
Fuelling Stations

TC22
Road Vehicles

TC22/SC25
Road vehicles
using
LPG, CNG, LNG H2

Inland
Transport
Committee

TC58
CNG
cylinders
ISO 11439
ISO 19078

WP.29

Liaison

WG1

WG3

WG4

NGV
connector

CNG
vehicle
components

LNG vehicle
components
(incl.
Connector)

GRPE

GRSG

Working Party
on Pollution and
Energy

Working Party
on General
Safety Provisions

R-115: Retrofit/
Installation

R-110: CNG
fuel systems

Adapted from: Harmonization of ISO Standards and UN Regulations: New on-board

components for CNG, H2 and CNG-H2 blends,
A. Bassi, SINTESI , March 2008.

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

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ISO Standards Structure for Fuel

Storage: Cryogenics & CNG
ISO
International
Organization
Standardization

TC220

Liaison

Cryogenic
vessels
WG1
Design and
construction

WG2
Operational
requirement
s

TC58

Liaison

TC22/SC25

CNG cylinders

WG3

WG7

WG10

SC4

SC2

SC3

Supporting
standard

Compatibility
between gases
and material

Fitting of
valves to
gas
cylinders

Operational
requirements
for vehicle

Cylinder
fitting

Cylinder
design

WG2

WG3

WG5

WG25

WG27

WG17

Retesting of
cylinders by
acoustic emissions

Methods for
inspection and
requalification of
NGV fuel gas
container

Periodic
inspection by
ultrasonic
examination

Welded
stainless steel
cylinders

Composite
cylinders

CNG cylinders
for road
vehicles

ISO/DIS 16148.2

ISO/DIS 19078.2

Adapted from: Harmonization of ISO Standards and UN Regulations: New on-board components for CNG,
H2 and CNG-H2 blends , A.Bassi, SINTESI, March 2008

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

ISO-Standards Work

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Scope of ISO/PC 252 & Work

Program
17 P-members
13 O-members
Internal Liaisons
- ISO/TC 22/SC 25
- ISO/TC 220
- ISO/TC 58 SC 3
& 4 - ISO/TC 193
- CEN/PC 252

ISO/PC 252 Natural gas fuelling

stations for vehicles

WG 1 CNG stations
for fuelling
vehicles

ISO/WD
16923(: )

WG 2 LNG stations
for fuelling
vehicles

ISO/WD
16924(: )

45 Experts
External
Liaisons
- NGV Global
- OIML
- UN WP .29
GRSG

Design, construction and operation of stations

for fuelling CNG/LNG to vehicles; including
equipment, safety devices and maintenance.
Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

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Small Scale LNG

Update ISO Global Standard for Natural-Gas Filling
Stations
Progress in the creating of ISO/PC 252: Natural Gas
fuelling Stations for Vehicles (including fuel station
design, construction, operation, equipment, safety
devices and maintenance)
Solving restrictions (limited infrastructure available for
delivery and distribution at fuelling stations) for LNG
vehicles by harmonizing requirements for such
infrastructure and open up global markets for this
cleaner technology

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Small Scale LNG

Date: 2011-11-27
ISO/WD-16924 Revision 9d
ISO/TC 252/ WG 2

Secretariat: NEN

Natural Gas Fuelling Stations LNG Stations for

fuelling Vehicles Part x: Part title
Warning
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for
review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be
referred to as an International Standard.
Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Structure of ISO 16924 LNG Station standard

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Structure of ISO 16924 LNG Station standard

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Structure of ISO 16924 LNG Station standard

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Status Draft Standards & Issues (2)

LNG

Definitions
Type approval
Risk assessment & safety distances
Self-service installations
Parameters for dispensing (P, T)
Periodic inspection
Gas quality
Vehicle refuelling appliances (VRA)
Odorization

Metering
Venting of NG to the atmosphere

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Specifics LNG vehicle fuelling standard (1) ISO/WD 16924 (: )

LNG storage tank

Pumps & Commonalities
Odorization LCNG interface
Boil-off gas handling equipment
Mobile LCNG
Mobile LNG & storage
Safety distances
Operating pressure:
Several existing systems
LNG quality

On-going
To be started
On-going
To be started
ISO/CEN?
No standards

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Small Scale LNG

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Small Scale LNG

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Small Scale LNG

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Small Scale LNG

Combined LNG and CNG Dispensing

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Small Scale LNG

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Small Scale LNG

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Small Scale LNG

Pump arrangements

Fig 2: Thermo siphon arrangement

Fig 3: Conventional arrangement (the lower line

should be changed for to eliminate upwards
siphon.)

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Fuel Quality Issues LNG

Ships engines especially dual fuel require
constant quality, high purity, high methane number
LNG for safe and economic operation
For constant power to provide manoeuverability
Without engine knock (damage, efficiency loss)
While all other transport fuels are subject to strict
specifications, LNG in general is not. There is a need
for LNG fuel standardization like in the USA (fuel
grade)
Think of EN standards for petrol, diesel, biodiesel,
... and EU Fuel Quality Directive. And what about
manufacturers warranties?
Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

LNG Fuel Quality

Fuel Grade LNG:

methane 97.0 mole %
ethane 1.0 mole %
total inert gases 2.0 mole % (US
industry standard)

Experiences in countries like USA,

Australia, China, Japan, UK, Norway

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Critical Issues for Small Scale

LNG
Risk analysis in a standardized form:
1. For the equipment
2. For the site specific aspects
Hazardous zones: Eex-document with
safety distances
Internal and external safety distances

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Still a long list of Critical Issues

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

And on top of that:

Self Dispensing of LNG
Multifuel Stations/Integration of LNG
Distances to other Fuels and their Dispensers
Storage Limits for Small Scale LNG

Blow Of Limitations/Use of Blow Off Gas

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Summary
Worldwide: The technologies for handling LNG are there
LNG production, transportation, unloading, dispensing
technically solved, safe, reliable
Europe: Big issue LNG distribution infrastructure in
continental Europe
Trend: Small scale LNG refuelling network
Trend: Small scale liquefaction, pipeline liquefaction
Trend: LNG first movers: ships
Barrier: Prices of equipment/Economics of transport/LNG
prices at terminals
Barrier: Consistent normative and regulatory
framework for LNG in general

Referent: M. Seifert, SVGW

Thats the End

Any Questions left?

m.seifert@svgw.ch

42
Referent: Martin
Seifert, SVGW
Referent:
M. Seifert,

SVGW