SECTION 260573 - ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 DESCRIPTION

A. This section describes the electrical systems analysis that shall be performed by the Contractor.
The analysis shall include all portions of the electrical distribution system from the normal
power sources, including adjustable trip circuit breakers, main breakers, and the largest feeder
breakers in branch circuit panelboards. Normal system connections and those that result in
maximum fault conditions shall be adequately covered in the analysis.

Provide substation/panel information in the blanks below. Also, select PGE or PacifiCorp and delete the brackets.

B. The analysis shall be limited to all loads fed from _____________, which is supplied from
[PGE] [PacifiCorp] feeder _____________. The Contractor shall obtain from the utility the
minimum, normal, and maximum operating voltage levels for short circuit and power flow
calculations, three-phase short circuit MVa and X/R ratio, as well as line-to-ground short circuit
MVa and X/R ratio at the point of connection as shown on the drawings.

C. The analysis shall consist of the following:

1. Short circuit study.
2. Protective device coordination study.
3. Power flow study.
4. Electronic data files used for the short circuit, coordination, and power flow studies.

1.2 REFERENCED STANDARDS

A. ANSI: American National Standards Institute.

B. IEEE: Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

C. NEC: National Electric Code.

D. NEMA: National Electric Manufacturers Association.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

A. Submit the following:

1. A preliminary electrical systems analysis including:
a. A complete preliminary short circuit study. Submit prior to submittal of the
distribution equipment shop drawings. If formal completion of the short circuit
study will cause a delay in ordering the equipment, approval from the Port may be
obtained for submittal of a draft study containing sufficient data to ensure that the
selection of device ratings and characteristics will be satisfactory.

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Provide number of days in blank below.

b. A preliminary power flow study and a complete protective device coordination

study. Submit no later than ___ days after approval of the preliminary short circuit
study.
2. Distribution equipment shop drawings clearly indicating that the ratings of proposed
equipment meet or exceed the ratings recommended in the studies submitted above.
3. An updated and complete electrical systems analysis utilizing characteristics of as-
installed equipment and materials. Submit two copies prior to substantial completion of
the work.

1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Short circuit and protective device coordination studies shall be prepared in accordance with the
latest standards of ANSI C37.010 and C37.13, and IEEE 141, 242, and 399.

B. The electrical systems analysis shall be performed by EAS, EDAN, IDC, R&W Engineering,
Cundiff Engineering, Power Engineers, The Harris Group, Electro-Test, Electrical System
Analysis, Inc. (ESANW), or pre-bid approved equal. The Contractor shall provide all pertinent
information required to complete the analysis.
1. The analysis shall be performed, stamped, and signed by a registered professional
engineer.

C. The analysis shall be prepared with the latest version of EasyPower power system modeling
software, or pre-bid approved equal.

1.5 GENERAL ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS

A. Equipment and component titles used in the modeling software shall be identical to the
equipment and component titles shown on the drawings.

B. The short circuit study shall define short circuit requirements.

1. Perform complete fault calculation for each proposed and ultimate source and load
combination.
2. Source combination shall include present and future power company supply circuits.
3. Coordinate as necessary with the electric utility for determining the available fault
current.

C. The coordination study shall provide settings for all electrical overcurrent devices to ensure
protection of equipment and personnel.
1. Prepare device coordination time-current curves (TCC’s) for low and medium voltage
distribution systems. The coordination study shall present an organized time-current
analysis of each protective device in the series from the individual device back to the
source. The study shall reflect the operation of each device during normal and
contingency operating conditions.
a. For low voltage systems, TCC’s shall be developed for both phase and ground
protective devices. One phase and one ground TCC shall be developed for each
unit substation. The TCC shall show the largest feeder from the secondary
switchgear down to the MCC or panel load, and the unit service feeder from the

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 medium voltage switchgear. For secondary switchboards serving large loads or a
wide variety of loads that may affect upstream coordination, additional TCC’s may
be required.
b. For medium voltage systems, TCC’s shall be developed for both phase and ground
protective devices, and shall include all feeders and ground circuits.
2. The coordination curves shall be prepared to determine the required settings of protective
devices to ensure selective coordination. The curves shall graphically illustrate on log
paper that adequate time separation exists between series devices. The specific
time-current characteristics of each protective device shall be plotted in such a manner
that all upstream devices will be clearly depicted on one sheet.
3. The complete coordination study shall include a system one-line diagram and protective
device coordination curves.
4. The following specific information shall also be shown on the coordination curves:
a. Device identification.
b. Voltage and current ratio for curves.
c. Three-phase and single line-to-ground short circuit ANSI damage points for each
transformer.
d. Transformer inrush points.
e. Minimum melting and clearing curves for fuses, and if available, the no-damage
curve.
f. Cable damage curves.
g. Motor-starting locked rotor curves, and if available, the motor-locked rotor
damage point.
h. Maximum short circuit cut-off point.
i. Clearly marked short circuit current levels through each protective device/branch.
These should be based on the appropriate current through the device, i.e.,
momentary, interrupting, or 30-cycle current.
j. Protective device one-line diagram clearly showing all protective devices on the
time current curve, labels for each device, open breakers, faulted buses, and the
short circuit current flowing in each branch.
5. A table shall be developed to summarize the settings selected for the protective devices.
The table shall include the following:
a. Device identification.
b. For low voltage breakers, the circuit breaker manufacturer, type, and style, sensor
rating, long-time, short-time, instantaneous settings, and time bands. For breakers
with ground fault capability, include the pickup and time delay.
c. Fuse manufacturer, type, style, and rating.
d. Protective relay manufacturer, type, style, function (51, 50, 67, etc.), pickup,
current multiplier, time dial, and delay. For multi-function units, list all devices
being used. Include the CT and/or PT ratios for each function.

D. The power flow study shall define load MW and MVAR flows, voltage drop, overload and
voltage violations, losses, and other steady state parameters.
1. The power flow study shall use the load data obtained from the contract documents and
the Contractor’s approved submittals.
2. Perform a power flow analysis of the system under study. The study should include the
base case operating system, emergency and standby operations, as well as any
contingencies specified by the Port.
3. Provide an EasyPower one-line diagram of the power flow cases showing all power flow
information and problem areas for each case.

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 4. Provide commentary describing each case. Indicate problem areas and potential
correction alternatives.
5. Provide detailed and summary reports for each case.

E. Verify:
1. Equipment ratings.
2. Equipment is applied within its rating.
3. Adequacy of equipment to transfer real and reactive power flows and maintain proper
system voltages.
4. Proper transformer taps to maintain system voltages.

1.6 SHORT CIRCUIT STUDY

A. General:
1. Use cable impedances based on copper conductors.
2. Use bus impedances based on copper bus bars.
3. Use cable and bus resistances calculated at 25ºC.
4. Use medium voltage cable reactance based on actual cable information available.
5. Use 600-volt cable reactance based on use of typical dimensions of XHHW conductors.
6. Use actual transformer impedances if known, or use 92.5 percent of the specified
impedance based on tolerances as specified by ANSI.

B. Provide:
1. Calculation methods and assumptions.
2. Selected base per unit quantities.
3. One-line diagrams.
4. Source impedance data, including electric utility system characteristics.
5. Typical calculation.
6. Tabulations of calculated quantities.
7. Results, conclusions, and recommendations.

C. Calculate short circuit interrupting and momentary (when applicable) duties for an assumed
three-phase bolted fault at each:
1. Electric utility’s supply termination point.
2. Transformer primary and secondary terminals.
3. 15kV and 480V switchgear.
4. 15kV padmount switches.
5. Branch circuit panelboards.
6. Significant locations throughout the system.

D. Provide bolted line-to-ground fault current study for medium voltage switchgear and switches.

E. Verify:
1. Equipment and protective devices are applied within their ratings.
2. Adequacy of switchgear, padmount switches, and bus bars to withstand short circuit
stresses.
3. Adequacy of transformer windings to withstand short circuit stresses.
4. Cable sizes for ability to withstand short circuit heating, besides normal load currents.

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1.7 PROTECTIVE DEVICE COORDINATION STUDY

A. Obtain utility settings for remote utility substation feeder relays and fuses as required.

B. Provide proposed protective device coordination time-current curves for the revised distribution
systems, graphically displayed on log-log curve sheets.

C. Each curve sheet shall have appropriate identification and one-line diagram that applies to the
specific portion of the system associated with time-current curves on that sheet.

D. Terminate device characteristic curves at a point reflecting maximum symmetrical or

asymmetrical fault current to which device is proposed.

E. Identify the device associated with each curve by manufacturer type, function, and if applicable,
tap, time delay, and instantaneous settings recommended.

F. Plot the following characteristics on curve sheets:

1. Electric utility’s relays and fuses (provided by utility).
2. Medium voltage switchgear relays.
3. Medium voltage equipment relays.
4. Medium and low voltage fuses including manufacturer’s minimum melt, total clearing,
tolerance, and damage bands.
5. Low voltage equipment circuit breaker trip devices, including manufacturer’s tolerance
bands.
6. Pertinent transformer full-load currents at 100 and 600 percent.
7. Transformer magnetizing inrush currents.
8. Transformer damage curves.
9. ANSI transformer withstand parameters.
10. Significant symmetrical and asymmetrical fault currents.
11. Ground fault protective device settings.

G. Primary Protective Device Settings for Delta-Wye Connected Transformer:

1. Secondary Line-To-Ground Fault Protection: Provide primary protective device
operating band within the transformer’s characteristics curve, including a point equal to
58 percent of ANSI C57.12.00 withstand point.
2. Secondary Line-To-Line Faults: Provide 16 percent current margin between primary
protective device and associated secondary device characteristic curves.

H. Separate medium voltage relay characteristics curves from curves for other devices by at least
0.4-second time margin.

1.8 POWER FLOW STUDY

A. Include the following in the study:

1. Transformer tap.
2. Generator.
3. Load and motor start.
4. Voltage violations.
5. Line overloads.
6. Transformer overloads.

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 7. Losses summary.
8. Voltage drop.
9. Mismatch report.
10. System summary.

1.9 TABULATIONS

A. General data shall include:

1. Load summary.
2. Cable and conduit material data.
3. Bus data.
4. Transformer data.
5. Circuit resistance and reactance values.

B. Short circuit data shall include:

1. Fault impedances.
2. X to R ratios.
3. Asymmetry factors.
4. Motor contributions.
5. Short circuit kVA.
6. Symmetrical and asymmetrical fault currents.

C. Include recommended protective device settings for:

1. Fuses:
a. Types.
b. Ratings.
2. Breakers.

1.10 ANALYSIS SUMMARY

A. Provide a written summary that includes:

1. Scope of studies performed.
2. Explanation of bus and branch numbering system.
3. Prevailing conditions.
4. Selected equipment deficiencies.
5. Results of short circuit, coordination, and power flow studies.
6. Comments or suggestions.

B. Suggest changes and additions to equipment rating and/or characteristics.

C. Notify the Port in writing of existing circuit protective devices improperly rated for new fault
conditions.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

Not Used.

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PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL

A. Make minor modifications to equipment as required to accomplish conformance with the short
circuit and protective device coordination studies. Perform field adjustments of the protective
devices as required to place the equipment in final operating condition. The setting shall be in
accordance with the protective device evaluation and protective device coordination study.

B. Necessary field settings of devices, adjustments, and minor modifications to equipment to

accomplish conformance with the approved protective device coordination study shall be
performed by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Port.

C. Notify the Port in writing of any required major equipment modifications.

D. Provide recommended fuses of the types and ratings recommended by the studies after
coordinating with and obtaining approval from the Port.

END OF SECTION 260573

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