CHAPTER 1: The world through Our Senses

1.1

The Sensory Organs And Their Function

1. List our five senses.

Sight
Taste

Hearing
Sense

Touch

Smell

2. State the types of senses, the sensory organs and the type of stimulus
associated with the activities given.
Activity
(a) Eating
burger
(b)Watching
television
(c) Listening
to radio
(d)Touching
hot kettle
(e) Smelling
a rose
flower

Sense
Taste

Sensory organ
Tongue

Sight

Eye

Stimulus
Chemicals in
foodmi
Light

Hearing

Ear

Sound

Touch

Skin

Heat

Smell

Nose

Chemicals in air

1.2 Sense of Touch

3. By using the words given, complete the flow chart below to show the pathway
from stimulus to response.
Nerve

Stimulu
s

Recepto
r

Receptor

Nerve

Brain

Brain

Effectors

Nerve

Effector
s

Respons
e
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4. Label the following diagram with the words given.

Heat receptors
Epidermis

Pain receptors
Cold receptors

Dermis

Pressure receptors Fatty layer

Touch receptors

Epidermis
Dermis

Fatty layer

Touch receptors Cold receptors Heat receptorsPressure receptorsPain receptors

1.3
Sense of Smell
5. Identify and label the following diagram with the words given.
Nerve

Brain

Nasal cavity

Sensory cell

Nostril

Nerve
Brain
Sensory cell

Nasal cavity

Nostril

Structure of the nose

6. Answer the following questions.

(a) Where are the smell sensory cells located in the nose?
At the top of nasal
cavity_______________________________________________________
(b)Why the sensory cells are always covered with a mucous lining?
To enable the chemicals______ in the air to dissolve in it and stimulate the
__sensory cells___
(c) Why is our nose not able to function well when we have flu?
The passage in our nose is blocked due to ________excess
mucous______________________

1.4
Sense of Taste
7. Complete the flow map below to show the detection of taste at the tongue.

Chemicals in food
Dissolves in the saliva
Stimulate the taste receptors
The taste receptors produces impulses
The nerves send the impulses to the brain
The brain interprets the taste

8. Answer the following questions.

(a) Where is the taste receptors located on the tongue?
Taste buds__________________________________
(b)What is the role of saliva when we taste food?
Saliva enables __chemicals_ in food to dissolve in it before the taste buds can
detect the taste.
(c) The taste buds on the tongue are sensitive to bitter, sour, salty and
sweet_________________
(d) The sense of taste is affected by the sense of smell. When the sense of smell
is not functioning, our tongue cannot taste properly.
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(e) When a person has running hose, he finds his food tastes _plain___. This is
because his sense of _smell__ is not functioning.

1.5
9. Label the parts of the human ear shown below.
Oval window
Eardrum
Auditory nerves
canal

Sense of Hearing

Ossicles
Ear pinna

Ear

Ossicles
Ear pinna

Semicircular canal
Auditory nerves

Cochlea

Ear canal
Eustachian tube
Eardrum
Oval widow

10.
By referring to the pathway of sound waves, fill in the blanks to explain the
mechanism of hearing.
(a) When a sound reaches the ear, the ear pinna _collects___ the sound wave
and __directs____ it into the auditory canal.
(b)The auditory canal _channels__ the sound waves to the eardrum.
(c) When the sound waves hit the eardrum, it _vibrates____ at the same
frequency of the sound wave.
(d)When the eardrum vibrates, the _ossicle bones_ which are right next to it will
also vibrate and _magnify__ the vibration.
(e) The oval window then __transfers__ the vibration from the ossicle bones to
the cochlea.
(f) The cochlea is filled with liquid which will change the vibration into
_impulses___
(g)The impulses are __sent___ to the brain through the auditory nerve.
(h)The brain __interprets__ the impulses and thus follow the hearer to
understand and discern the sound.

1.6
11.

Sense of sight
Identify the parts and label the following diagram with the words given.
Yellow spot

Choroid

Sclera

Optic nerve

Blind

Aqueous humour

Cornea

Retina

Ciliary body

Iris

Vitreous humour

Pupil

spot
Eye lens

Ciliary body

Suspensory ligament

Sclera
Choroid

Suspensory ligament

Retina
Iris

Pupil

Yellow spot
Blind spot

Cornea

Aqueous humour
Optic nerve
Eye lens

Vitreous humour

12.

Match the following parts of the eye with their functions.

Part of the eye

Function

a. Iris

Send nerve impulse to the brain

interpretation

b. Eye lens

Detect light or any image that falls on it

c. Vitreous
humour

Controls the size of pupil

Detects light and generate nerve impulses

d. Retina

e. Yellow spot

Focuses light onto the retina

f.

Optic
Maintains the shape of the eyeball and
nerve
helps to focus light
1.7Light and Sight
13.Tick (/) for the correct descriptions of vision defect.

Able to see close objects clearly

Unable to see far objects clearly

14.Write True or False for the following statements of long-sightedness.

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.

Experienced by old people because their eye lens become less

elastic
Cannot see near objects clearly
Corrected by using convex lens
Image formed in front of retina
Able to see far objects clearly
The eyeball is too short or the lens is too thick
Caused by unevenly curved cornea

False
True
True
False
True
False
False

1.8Sound and Hearing

15.Write true for the correct statements and false for the incorrect statements.
i.

ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.

Exposure to loud sounds for a long

duration of time will cause hearing
defects
We cannot hear sound with a
frequencies higher than 20 Hz
Surgery can be done to repair a torn
eardrum
If the ossicles fuse together, a person
will become deaf
A hearing aid is used to determine the
direction of sound
Earphones are used to make the
sound louder
The statoscope amplifies the
heartbeat
Sound is absorbed when it hits hard
surfaces

True

False
True
True
False
False
True
False

16.Answer all the following questions to show the connection of stereoscopic vision and
monocular vision with the survival of animals.

(a) State the type of vision animals X and Y have.

X : ___Monocular_______________
___Stereoscopic________________

Y:

(b) State the animal that has a wider field of vision

________Animal X____________________
(c) State one advantage of the type of vision possessed by animals X and Y.
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X : ____Detects the approach of predators from all

directions___________________________
Y : _____Estimates distances more accurately_______________________________________
(d) Draw the field of monocular vision and stereoscopic vision.

1.9The Stimuli and Response in Plants

17.Match the following diagrams with the correct types of response

Type of response

Geotropism
Phototropism
Thigmotropism
Nastic movements
Hydrotropism

Diagram

18.Diagram below shows an apparatus set up to study the response of plants to certain
stimuli.

(a) Which part of the plant will grow towards

i.
the moist cotton?
__The root______________________________
ii.
the hole?
____The shoot___________________________
(b) State one type of response in plant that is not observed in the diagram.
Geotropism/Thigmotropism/ Nastic movement___
(c) What is the function of the silica gel?
To absorb moisture in the air__________________
(d) What is the function of the black box?
To avoid the plant exposed to the sunlight_______

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