19 Arabic Grammar

1. Subject and Predicate  ¦ »  ¦ ¾ ¬ ¦ ÷

Allah is creator.
Muhammad (peace be upon him, pbuh) is prophet.
Tariq is Mujahid (one who struggles)
The sentences like these are composed of a subject and a predicate which are cal
led ¦ ¾ ¬ ¦ ÷ and  ¦ »
in Arabic. To translate such sentences into Arabic, just put Tanveen ( Æ ) on
each of these
words (in case they are singular masculine). Tanveen ( Æ ) is also known as d
ouble pesh or
double dhammah.
Allah is creator.
ê ó¢ » É È¦
Muhammad (pbuh) is Prophet.
¦ û ¾ ø ¸ ÷
Tariq is a Mujahid.
¾ ÿ¢´ ÷ Ƽʰ¢ ×
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 1 *********************
***
creator ê ó¢ » big Z ¦ ï re
ligion ú Ê®
prophet
¦ û mg. slave
¾ ¦ ß one ¾ ·¦ÈÂ
one who ¾ ÿ¢ ´ ÷ pious ¶ ó¢ Ï
scholar ö ó¢ ß
struggles truthful
Ƽʮ¢ Ï
house ª ¥
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 1 =======================
Using the words and their meanings given above, translate the following sente
nces into English.
The translation is also provided to help you check your answers.
The house is big. Z ¦ ï ª ¦ óȦ Islam is a religio
. ú Ê® É¿¢ ô Ç ¢ óȦ
The slave is pious. ¶ ó¢ Ï ¾ ¦ à ó¦ Allah is one.
¾ ·¦ÈÂ É È¦
The Muslim is truthful. Ƽʮ¢ Ï ö ô È ø óȦ Javeed is a scholar
ö ó¢ ß ¾ Ê¢ ³

19
 20 Arabic Grammar

2. Masculine and Feminine Genders ® û ÷ ÈÂ ÂMï À ÷

You must have heard the Arabic names, for e.g., ò ø ³ for a boy and ¨ ô ø ³ for a girl.
There
lies the rule. Just put ¨ at the end of a masculine (singular) word to make i
t feminine (singular).
For example,
¨ ïȯ ïȯ ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ï ¶ ó¢ Ïƨ ¾
¨ ü ÷ ÷ ú ÷ ÷ ƨ ¾ ¥¢ ß ¾ ¥¢ ß
Notes:
1. Arabic has two genders, i.e., masculine gender and feminine gender. T
here is no common
gender in Arabic.
2. A common sign of a feminine word is ¨ (in general) as the last letter of t
he word.
3. To make a specific reference, we put ̾Ȧ in front of a common noun in Arabic jus
t as we put
"the" in front of a common noun in English. When ̾Ȧ is attached to an Arabic w
ord, we
remove one of É (dhamma or pesh) from the two Æ (Tanveen or double pesh
). For
example,
ɾ Ç ÂóȦ ƾ ÇÈ° ÉÀ ¢È û ¢ óȦ ÆÀ¢ È ûʦ
4. Occasionally, the prefix ̾Ȧ is used to imply generality also. For e.g., À¢ È û ¢ óÈ
man
being).
5. If the ¦ ¾º ¬ ¦ ÷ (subject) is feminine, then its  ¦º » (predicate) will also be femin
For example, ¶ ó¢ Ï É§ ¢ óȦ ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ï N¿ ¢
Additional rules for making feminine gender of dual and plural nouns are give
n in the following
lesson.

20
 21 Arabic Grammar

************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 2 *********************

***
mg. small Z ä Ï uncle (mother's brother) ƾ¢ » mg. beaut
iful ò ø ³
fg. small ƨ Z ä Ï aunt (mother's sister)
¨ ó¢ » fg. beautiful ¨ ô ø ³
mg. big Z ¦ ï mg. truthful
Ƽʮ¢ Ï son ú ¥Ê¦
fg. big ƨ Z ¦ ï brother
ƭȦ daughter ª ü ¥
mg. intelligent ïȯ mg. worshipper
¾ ¥¢ ß father ƧȦ
uncle (father's brother) ö ß fg. worshipper
ƨ ¾ ¥¢ ß mother K¿É¦
aunt (father's sister) ¨ ø ß
sister ª »É¦
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 2 =======================
Find out the masculine and feminine words in the following sentences and transl
ate them into
English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers.
The son is beautiful. ò ø ³ ú ¥ ¢ óȦ The brother
telligent. ï¯ É­ ¢ óȦ
The daughter is beautiful. ¨ ô ø ³ ª ü ¦ óȦ The sister i
ligent. ¨ ïȯ ª » ¢ óȦ
The father is pious. ¶ ó¢ Ï É§ ¢ óȦ The uncle is
ul. Ƽʮ¢ Ï É¾¢ ¼ óȦ
The mother is pious. ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ï N¿ ¢ óȦ The aunt is
l. ¨ ëÊ®¢ Ï ¨ ó¢ ¼ óȦ
The uncle is big. Z ¦ ï ö à óȦ The son is s
all. Z ä Ï ú ¥ óȦ
The aunt is big. ƨ Z ¦ ï ¨ ø à óȦ The daughter
ll. ƨ Z ä Ï ª ü ¦ óȦ

21
 22 Arabic Grammar

3. Numbers: Singular, Dual and Plural Þø ³ ¨ ü ° « ¾ ·¦ÈÂ

There are specific rules in Arabic for making singular, dual, and plural f
orms of a word. (Yes,
dual is a separate and distinct Number in Arabic). There are two types of plur
als in Arabic.
Solid Plural ( ö ó¢º Ç Þf ) and Broken Plural ( ZÊÈ ð « Þf ). The plural form depends upon
context in which it is used, as shown below (for the Solid Plural case only):

'Aaraab forms Plural

Dual Singular Gender
¸ ç Â ÷ with Dhamma ( É- ); ÈÀ ø ô È ÷ ÊÀ¢ ø ô È ÷
mg.
when used as subject Ç©¢ ø ô È ÷ ÊÀ¢ ¬ ø ô
fg.
§ Ð ü ÷ with Fatha ( È- ); [ ø ô È ÷
ö ô È ÷ mg.
when used as object Ç©¢ ø ô È ÷ ú ¬ ø ô
fg.
°ÌÂ Â ´ ÷ with Kasra ( Ê- ); [ ø ô È ÷
ö ô È ÷ mg.
when the noun is Ç©¢ ø ô È ÷ ú ¬ ø ô
fg.
used with preposition

******************* Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 3 ***************

****
Try to practice the rules of making dual and plural by reproducing the above tab
le for the
following words (both for masculine and feminine case):
hypocrite ê ç¢ ü ÷ believer ú ÷
isbeliever Â ç¢ ï
patient  ¥¢ Ï helper  Ϣ û
rshipper ¾ ¥¢ ß
scholar ö ó¢ ß one who struggles ¾ ÿ¢ ´ ÷ one who  ï¦È¯
remembers
pious ¶ ó¢ Ï killer ò «¢ ë
uthful Ƽʮ¢ Ï
protector Ú ç¢ · one who prostrates ¾ ³¢ Ç prophet
¦ û

22
 23 Arabic Grammar
4. Adjective and its Noun » Ï ÷ Â ¨ è Ï
Look at the following phrases and their translations:
a true Muslim Ƽʮ¢ Ï ö ô È ÷ a pious person
¶ ó¢ Ï ò ³È°
a small book Z ä Ï Æ§¢ ¬ ï a trustworthy u
cle [ ÷Ȧ ƾ¢ »
a big mosque Z ¦ ï ¾ ´ È ÷ a beautiful ho
use ò ø ³ ª ¥
These phrases are said to be composed of ¨ºº è Ï (adjective) and » Ï ÷ (the noun of the
adjective). To translate these into Arabic, just reverse the order of the word
s (Muslim ö ô È ÷ and
then true ¼Ê®¢º
º Ï) and put tanveen ( Æ ) on each of them. The tanveen
could be Å or Ç or Æ
depending upon the context in which this phrase is used.
The rules are similar to those of  ¦ » ¦ ¾ ¬ ¦ ÷ (subject and predicate) except that i
ase of ¨ è Ï
» Ï ÷ Â :
1: The order of the words is reversed; and
2: If the first word is attached with ̾Ȧ , then the second will also have ̾Ȧ attached
it.
For e.g., using the same phrases given above, we will have:
the true Muslim ɼʮ¢ Ð ó¦ ö ô È ø óȦ the pious person
¶ ó¢ Ð ó¦ ò ³  óȦ
the small book Z ä Ð ó¦ ɧ¢ ¬ ð óȦ the trustworthy uncle
[ ÷ ¢ ó¦ ɾ¢ ¼ óȦ
the big mosque Z ¦ ð ó¦ ¾ ´ È ø óȦ the beautiful house
ò ø ´ ó¦ ª ¦ óȦ
And remember, as in case of  ¦ » ¦ ¾ ¬ ¦ ÷ (subject and predicate), if the first word i
eminine,
the second should also be feminine. Further, if the first word is dual or plura
l, the second should
also be dual or plural in number, i.e, the two words should agree in gender and
number with
respect to each other. For example:
the true Muslim ɼʮ¢ Ð ó¦ ö ô È ø óȦ the true Muslim ¨ ëÊ®
man w
oman
the true ÈÀ ëÊ®¢ Ð ó¦ ÈÀ ø ô È ø óȦ
Muslim men th
e true
M
uslim
w
omen
23
 24 Arabic Grammar

==================== Exercises for Lesson No. 4 ====================

Try to translate the following sentences and phrases. Notice the difference in
Arabic construction
for a simple sentence ( Â ¦ » ÈÂ ¦ ¾ ¬ ¦ ÷ ) and for adjective and its
noun ( » Ï ÷ ÈÂ ¨ è Ï ).
The house is big. Z ¦ ï ª ¦ óȦ the big house
Z ¦ ð ó¦ ª ¦ óȦ
The slave is ¶ ó¢ Ï ¾ ¦ à óȦ the pious sla
¶ ó¢ Ðó¦ ¾ ¦ à óȦ
pious.
The Muslim is Ƽʮ¢ Ï ö ô È ø óȦ the truthful
ɼʮ¢ Ðó¦ ö ô È ø óȦ
truthful.
Muslim
The path is ö ì ¬ È ÷ ɶ¦  ÐóȦ the straight path
ö ì ¬ È ø ó¦ ɶ¦  ÐóȦ
straight.
The uncle is ¶ ó¢ Ï ö à óȦ the pious unc
¶ ó¢ Ðó¦ ö àóȦ
pious.
The aunt is pious. ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ï ¨ ó¢ ¼ óȦ the pious aun
¨ ¸ ó¢ Ðó¦ ¨ ó¢ ¼ óȦ
5. The Possessive Case or Genitive þ ó¤ »¢ Ô ÷  »¢ Ô ÷
Look at the following phrases and their translations:
the creation of Allah Ê ¦ ê ô » the house
of Allah Ê ¦ ª ¥
the nation of Hud Ç® ÿ É¿ ë the call of
the prophet ʾ Ç Âó¦ ɨ ßÈ®
the command of the ÊÀ¡Â ì ó¦ ö ð · the creation of Allah
Ê ¦ ê ô »
Qur'an
Notes:
1. To convey the meanings of "of," we place Dhammah or pesh ( É- ) on th
e first word and
double kasra ( Ç- ) on the second word.
2. As usual, if the second word has ¾È¢ attached with it, then instead of double
kasra
( Ç- ), we will have single kasra ( Ê- ) on the second word.
3. The first noun êº ô » in the sentence Ê ¦ ê ô » is called »¢Ô÷. The second noun
called þ ó¤ »¢Ô÷ , which should always be a proper noun.

24
 25 Arabic Grammar

4. In Arabic the construction of »¢Ô÷ and þ ó¤ »¢Ô÷ automatically takes care of the
or "of" (Allah's creation OR the creation of Allah) as shown in the ab
ove examples.
5. The construction of »¢ººÔ÷ and þ ó¤ »¢Ô÷ automatically implies specific person or
thing. Therefore, 'the' is always added in English translation of thi
s phrase.
*********************** Vocabulary for Lesson No. 5 ********************
***
grance ò Ô ç day
Æ¿ words Æ¿¢ ô ï
rebellion ÆÀ¢ ä × judgement
ú Ê® way, system ¨ ü Ç
the people ɲ¢ üóȦ to establish ¨
ger ƾ ÇÈ°
house Æ°¦È® the prayer ɨ¢ ô
¤ È°
hereafter ƨ  »¡ to obey ¨ ߢ
n being ÆÀ¢ È ûʦ
food Æ¿¢ à × parents ú
¾ ó¦Ê remembrance  ïʯ
sinner ö ¯È¦ earth
Ƶ̰Ȧ the most úø ·È°
beneficent
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 5 =======================
Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided
to help you check your
answers.the establishment of ʨ¢ ô Ðó¦ ¨ ÷¢ ëʤ the words of Allah
Ê ¦ É¿¢ ô ï
prayer
the obedience to ú ¾ ó¦ ó¦ ¨ ߢ ×ʤ the book of Alla
Ê ¦ ɧ ¢¬ ï
parents
the earth of Allah Ê ¦ ɵ̰Ȣ the way of th
ʾ Ç Âó¦ ¨ ü Ç
messenger
the rebellion of the ʲ¢ üó¦ ÉÀ¢ ä × the doubt of the
ÊÀ¢ È û ó¦ ¤ È°
people
human being
the house of the ʨ  » ó¦ É°¦È® the remembran
úø · Âó¦  ïʯ
hereafter
the most Beneficent.
the food of the ö ¯ ó¦ É¿¢ à × the grace of
Ê ¦ ò Ô ç
sinner
the house of Hamid ¾ ÷¢ · ª ¥ the day of j
udgement ú ¾ó¦ É¿
25
 26 Arabic Grammar

6. Interrogatives ¿¢ è¬Ç ¦ ©¦Â®¢

¦
When U ÷
Who ú ÷
Where ú Ȧ What
¢ ÷ ¦È¯¢ ÷
Why ¦È¯¢ ø ó Which (mas
culine) NÄȦ
How much, How many ö ï Wh
ich (feminine) ¨ Ȧ
Is? Am? Are? Do? È¢ ò ÿ How
æ ï
Have?

7. Pronouns  ¢ ø Ó
7a. Relative Prono
uns
Relative Pronoun Demonstrative P
ronoun Num- Gen-
¾ Ï ø ó¦ ö Çʦ ¨È°¢ Ë ¢ ó¦ ö Çʦ
er der
(The one)
who Ä ÀMóȦ That î ó¦¯ This
¦Àÿ sr.
(The two)
who ÊÀ¦ ÀMóȦ Those
(two) î û¦¯ These
(two) ÊÀ¦ Àÿ dl. mg.
(Those)
who ú ÀMóȦ Those
(more î óÂɦ These
(more ÿ pl.
than two)
than two)
(The one)
who ¬MóȦ That î ô « This
ÊÁ Àÿ sr.
(The two)
who ÊÀ¢ ¬MóȦ Those
(two) î û¢ « These
(two) ÊÀ¢ «¢ ÿ dl. fg.
(Those)
who «¢MóȦ Those
(more î óÂɦ These
(more ÿ pl.
than two)
than two)

26
 27 Arabic Grammar
7b. Personal and Possessive Prono
uns
Examples Possessive
Personal No. Gen- Per-
on pronouns Pronouns
Pronouns der son
his
book þ ¥¢ ¬ ï his Á he
ÿ sr.
their
house ¢ ø ¬ ¥ their
(of ¢ ø ÿ they
two
¢ ø ÿ dl. mg.
two)
their
belief ö û¢ {ʦ their ö ÿ they
pl. 3rd
her
mother ¢ ÷ɦ her ¢ ÿ she
ÿ sr. person
their
house ¢ ø ¬ ¥ their
(of ¢ ø ÿ they
two
¢ ø ÿ dl. fg.
two)
their
house ú ¬ ¥ their ú ÿ they
ú ÿ pl.
your
book î ¥¢ ¬ ï your Ƚ you
sr.
your
house ¢ ø ð ¬ ¥ your
(of ¢ ø ï you
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ dl. mg.
two) two
your
me- ö ð ó ÇÈ° you ö ï you all ö ¬ ûȦ
pl 2nd
ssenger
your
house î ¬ ¥ your ʽ you
ª ûȦ sr. person
your
book ¢ ø ð ¥¢ ¬ ï your
(of ¢ ø ï you
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ dl. fg.
two) two
your
house ú ð ¬ ¥ your ú ï you all ú ¬ ûȦ
pl.
my
 book ¥¢ ¬ ï my Ä I
¢ ûȦ sr. mg.
gave me ü ë±È° û
fg.
rizq me
1st
our
mg., person
book ¢ ü ¥¢ ¬ ï our ¢ û we ú
dl.,
pl. fg.
NOTE: Memorize these pronouns thoroughly because they occur quite often in the Q
ur'an.

27
 28 Arabic Grammar

************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 7 **********************

**
Companions Ƨ¢ ¸ ÏȦ hearing Þ ø Ç
ÈÂ
Shop ÆÀ¢MïÉ® relatives ò ÿȦ
Ⱦ ʾ
from ú ÷ I helped É© Â Ð û
erily MÀʦ
son ú ¥¦ Sustainer, Lord K§È° tongue
À¢ È ó
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 7 =======================
He is a Muslim. ö ô È ÷ ÿ You are a
scholar. ö ó¢ ß ª ûȦ
I am a believer. ú ÷ ÷ ¢ ûȦ She is righte
us. ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ï ÿ
your tongue ö ð û¢ È ó for him
þ ó
my son ü ¥Ê¦ towards
me óʦ
I helped him þ « Â Ð û towards th
em ú óʦ
(females)
from you î ü ÷ for us
¢ ü ó
towards us ¢ ü óʦ verily you
(males) ö ð ûʦ
towards them ö óʦ your hea
ring ö ð à ø Ç
(males)
from you î ü ÷ verily
we ¢ ü ûʦ
our Lord ¢ ü ¥È° my house
¬ ¥
your Lord ö ð ¥È° for them
¢ ø ó
our messenger ¢ ü ó ÇÈ° my relatives
ô ÿȦ

28
 29 Arabic Grammar

8. The Preposition  ³ »Â·

Prepositions Examples of
Prepositions / usage
in ç in a house
ª ¥ ç
from ú ÷ We read from the Qur'an.
ÊÀ¡ Â ì ó¦ ú ÷ ¢ ûÌ¢ Â ë
¦
on ô ß on a mountain
ò ¦ ³ ô ß
like Ƚ like a man
ò ³ Â ï
about ú ß I heard ¾ ´ È ø ó¦
about Prayer in the Masjid
with ʧ I enetered with security
Ç¿¢ ô È ¥ ª ô »È®
for ʾ for people
ʲ¢ üô ó
¦
towards óʦ towards a city
¾ ô ¥ óʦ
¦
until ¬ · until the day-break
 ´ è ó¦ Þ ô Ø ÷ ¬ ·
by (of oath) ÈÂ By Allah
Ê ¦ÈÂ
Rules of using Prepositions:
1. These words are used as connectors.
2. When these words are used with a proper noun, then a double kasrah ( -Ç ),
is placed on the
last letter of word (or a single kasra, -Ê in case ¾È¦ is attached with it).

29
 30 Arabic Grammar
9. Subject ò ߢ ç , Verb ò à ç , and Object ¾ à è ÷
In general, in an Arabic sentence, the verb comes first, followed by the subjec
t and the object. A
Double Dhammah or tanveen ( -Æ ) is placed on the subject and double fathah (
-Å ) is placed on
the object. Look at the following examples:
Hameed read the Qur'an.
¢ û¦¢ Â ë ¾ ø · È¢  ë
Iqbal wrote a book.
¢ ¥¢ ¬ ï ƾ¢ ¦ ëʦ ¤ ¬ ï
In the first sentence, read is the verb, Hameed is the subject, and the Qur'an i
s the object. In the
second one, wrote is the verb, Iqbal is the subject, and a book is the object.
************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 9 **********************
***
read È¢  ë made ò à ³
created ê ô »
wrote ¤ ¬ ï separated ȼ  ç
collected Þ ø ³
cheated ȸ ¾ » water Æ ¢ ÷
wealth, means ƾ¢ ÷
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 9 =======================
Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help
you check your
answers.
Allah made Muhammad
(pbuh) a messenger.
¢ ó ÇM° ¦ ¾ ø ¸ ÷ É ¦ ò à ³
Allah created the people.
Ȳ¢ üó¦ É ¦ ê ô »
Allah revealed the book.
¢ ¥¢ ¬ ï É ¦ Ⱦ Ä ûȦ
The Satan cheacter the
man.
ÈÀ¢ È û ¢ ó¦ ÉÀ¢ Ø Ìó¦ ȸ ¾ »
We parted the sea.
 ¸ ¦ ó¦ ¢ ü ë  ç
Note: When a word is attached with ̾Ȣ then one of two fathah ( -È ) , kasrah ( -Ê ) o
r dhammah (
-É ) in a tanveen ( -Å -Ç or -Æ ) are dropped. For example, as shown in the abov
e sentences,
Ƽʰ¢º × has double dhammah, whereas ÉÀ¢ Ø ÌóȦ has one dhammah since ̾Ȧ is attached w
. Similarly, ¢ ó ÇÈ° has double fathah, whereas  ¸ ¦ óȦ has only one fathah.

30
 31 Arabic Grammar

10. Tense
10a. The Past Tense Ó¢ ÷ òàç
Past Tense Ó¢ ÷ Possessive
Personal No. Gen- Per-
Pronouns
Pronouns der son
he did ò à ç Á
ÿ sr.
they two
did à ç ¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ dl. mg.
they all
did ¦ ô à ç ö ÿ
ö ÿ pl. 3rd
she did ª ô à ç ¢ ÿ
ÿ sr. person
they two
did ¢ ¬ ô à ç ¢ ø ÿ ¢
fg.
they all
did ú ô à ç ú ÿ
ú ÿ pl.
you did ª ô à ç Ƚ ª
.
you two
did ¢ ø ¬ ô à ç ¢ ø ï ¢
you all
did ö ¬ ô à ç ö ï
2nd
you did ª ô à ç ʽ ª
. person
you two
did ¢ ø ¬ ô à ç ¢ ø ï ¢
you all
did ú ¬ ô à ç ú ï
I did ª ô à ç Ä
¢ ûȦ sr. mg.
fg. 1st
mg., person
We did ¢ ü ô à ç ¢ û ú
.,
pl. fg.
Gender: mg.: Masculine gender;
fg.: Feminine gender
Number: sr.: Singular; dl..: Dual; pl.: Plural (n)
31
 32 Arabic Grammar
Try to practice the pronouns and past tense by repeating the conjugation table
using the following
words. This will greatly help you in getting yourself familiarized with th
e verb forms. Is it not
worth repeating it 10 to 15 times so that you can remember it for the rest of
your life? It certainly
is! Learning and practicing them for the sake of understanding Qur'an is one
of the best worship
for which you will be abundantly rewarded by Allah, inshaAllah.
************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a ***********************
**
he did ò à ç he went ¤ ÿȯ he
ound ¾ ³ÈÂ
he wrote ¤ ¬ ï he killed
ò ¬ ë he refused  è ï
he read È¢  ë he made ò à ³ he
joined ò ÏÈÂ
he helped  Рû he opened
¶ ¬ ç he created ê ô »
he hit, ȧ Â Ó he entered ò »È® he
nt ® à ¥
gave example he drank
ȧ Â Ë he provided rizq ȼȱȰ
he demanded ¤ ô ×
====================== Exercises for Lesson No. 10a =======================
Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The English translation is
provided for you to check your
answers.
mg. dl. they opened ¢ ¸ ¬ ç mg. pl. the
y wrote ¦ ¦ ¬ ï
mg. pl. you did ö ¬ ô à ç mg. you hel
ped È© Â Ð û
mg. pl. they did ¦ ô à ç mg./fg. dl.
you two opened¢ ø ¬ ¸ ¬ ç
mg./fg. dl. you two did ¢ ø ¬ ô à ç mg. pl. you d
emanded ö ¬ ¦ ô ×
mg. dl. they two did ¢ ô à ç mg. dl. th
ey two wrote ¢ ¦ ¬ ï
mg. you did ª ô à ç mg. pl. they
demanded ¦ ¦ ô ×
fg. she did ª ô à ç mg. you went
ª ¦ ÿȯ
fg. pl. they did ú ô à ç mg./fg. dl.
they two ¢ ø ¬ ¦ ô ×
mg. pl. you went ö ¬ ¦ ÿȯ demanded
mg./fg. dl. you two helped ¢ ø « Â Ð û mg. pl. yo
u wrote ö ¬ ¦ ¬ ï

32
 33 Arabic Grammar
mg. you demanded ª ¦ ô × fg. dl. they
two hit ¢ ¬ ¥ Â Ó
fg. dl. they two helped ¢ « Â Ð û mg. pl. they
went ¦ ¦ ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. you two went ¢ ø ¬ ¦ ÿȯ mg. you op
ned ª ¸ ¬ ç
mg. pl. you helped ö « Â Ð û mg./fg. dl. yo
u two wrote ¢ ø ¬ ¦ ¬ ï
fg. you wrote ª ¦ ¬ ï mg. pl. they o
pened ¦ ¸ ¬ ç
mg. he wrote ¤ ¬ ï mg. you dem
anded ª ¦ ô ×
mg. pl. you opened ö ¬ ¸ ¬ ç mg. dl. they
two went ¢ ¦ ÿȯ
mg. pl. they hit ¦ ¥ Â Ó
Active and Passive Voices ¾ ´ ÷  »Â  à ÷
You already know that ò à ç means (he) did. To make passive voice of this, you ha
ve to write it
as ò à ç which means (it) is done. Further examples are given below.
mg. pl. you created ö ¬ ì ô » mg. pl. you were
created ö ¬ ì ô »
mg. he killed ò ¬ ë mg. he was k
illed ò ¬ ë
Mg. pl. they demanded ¦ ¦ ô × mg. pl. they we
re demanded ¦ ¦ ô ×
mg. he sent ® à ¥ mg. he was sen
t ® à ¥
I sent ª ° à ¥ I was sent
ª ° à ¥
we provided ¢ ü ëȱȰ we were provided
¢ ü ëʱɰ
mg. pl. they provided ¦ ëȱȰ mg. pl. they were p
rovided ¦ ëʱɰ
Important Note: Always be careful in placing A'araab (fathah, kasrah, or dhamma
h) on different
parts of a sentence. A little change in these A'araab may lead to a complete
ly different message.
The tense may change from active to passive or the object may be changed to
subject. In some
cases, the sentence may not make any sense at all.

33
 34 Arabic Grammar

10b. The Present (and Future) Tense ̸ʰ¢ Ô ÷ òàç

Present Tense
Personal Per-
¸°¢Ô ÷ Possessive
No. Gen-
Pronouns
Pronouns der son
he does ò à è Á
ÿ sr.
they do. ÊÀ à è ¢ ø ÿ ¢
. mg.
they do ÈÀ ô à è ö ÿ
pl. 3rd
she does. ò à è « ¢ ÿ
ÿ sr. person
they do. ÊÀ à è « ¢ ø ÿ ¢
fg.
they do. ú ô à è ú ÿ
ú ÿ pl.
you do ò à è « Ƚ ª
.
you do ÊÀ à è « ¢ ø ï ¢
you do ÈÀ ô à è « ö ï
2nd
you do [ ô à è « ʽ ª
. person
you do ÊÀ à è « ¢ ø ï ¢
you do ú ô à è « ú ï
I do ò à çȦ Ä
¢ ûȦ sr. mg.
fg. 1st
We do ò à è û ¢ û ú
dl., mg., person
pl. fg.
Gender: mg: Masculine gender;
fg: Feminine gender
Number: sr.: Singular; dl.: Dual; pl: Plural (n)

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 35 Arabic Grammar

IMPORTANT NOTE: ¸°¢Ô÷ actually is the Imperfect Tense and refers to an action which
is incomplete at the time to which reference is being made. It refers to th
e present tense in
general. It becomes Future tense by addition of the prefix Ȳ or the particle È» Ç befo
re the
¸°¢Ô÷ forms.
****************** Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 10b **************
****
Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for
you to check yourself.
mg. dl. they two drink ÊÀ¢ ¥ Â Ì fg. pl. you make
ú ô à ´ «
mg. he collects Þ ø ´ mg. dl. you
two drink ÊÀ¢ ¥ Â Ì «
I know ö ô ßȦ fg. dl. they t
wo drink ÊÀ¢ ¥ Â Ì «
I open ¶ ¬ çȦ mg. dl. you t
wo make ÊÀ¢ ô à ´ «
fg. sr. you collect Þ ø ´ « fg. dl. they
two make ÊÀ¢ ô à ´ «
mg. pl. they thank ÈÀÂ Â ð Ì pl. we worship
¾ ¦ à û
mg. pl. they disbelieve ÈÀÂ Â è ð mg. pl. th
ey recite ÈÀ ô ¬
I worship ¾ ¦ ßȦ mg. pl. you re
cite ÈÀ ô ¬ «
mg. you know ö ô à « mg. they do
n't know ÈÀ ø ô à ¢ ó
we don't hear Þ ø È û ¢ ó I don't disbelieve
 è ïȦ ¢ ó
And they will not grieve.
ÈÀ û Ä ¸ ö ÿ ¢ óÈÂ
They hear the words of Allah.
Ê ¦ È¿¢ ô ï ÈÀ à ø È
I do not worhsip what you worship.
ÈÀ ¾ ¦ à « ¢ ÷ ¾ ¦ ßȦ ¢ ó
We do not worship except Allah.
È ¦ ¢Móʦ ¾ ¦ à û ¢ ó
They believe in Allah and His
messenger.
¦þ ó ÇÈ° ÈÂ Ê ¢ ¥ ÈÀ ü ÷

35
 36 Arabic Grammar
Active and Passive Voice:
As you have seen earlier, ò à ç is made passive by writing ò à ç for verbs in past te
nse. However,
in case of present tense, ò à è is made passive by writing it as ò à è , i.e., fi
rst letter will have
dhammah / pesh ( É- ) and the third letter will have fathah ( È- ). The remainin
g letters will have
the same A'araab as in the case of active voice.
Concentrate on the following examples:
he drinks ɧ Â Ì he is made / gi
ven to drinkɧ  Ì
they (all, mg) help ÈÀÂ Â Ð ü they (all, mg) are
helpedÈÀÂ Â Ð ü
you (mg) ask ɾ È « you (mg) are
asked ɾ È «
************************* Vocabulary & Exercises **************************
**
Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for
you to check yourself.
they understand ÈÀ ì è they cut
ÈÀ à Ø ì
they (women) are
asked ú ô È they will
not
a
sked ÈÀ ó È « ¢ ó
they do not fear ÈÀ ç¢ ¼ ¢ ó they
ÈÀ ô ´
(it) is opened. ¶ ¬ è they are
killed ÈÀ ô ¬ ì
they do not cut ÈÀ à Ø ì ¢ ó you understand
ö è «
you are provided. ÈÀ ëȱ  « you are helped
ÈÀÂ Â Ð ü «
you are provided. ÈÀ ëȱ  « you are helped
ÈÀÂ Â Ð ü «

36
 37 Arabic Grammar
10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative û   ÷È¢
You can order only to the person in front of you (2nd person). Therefore, the i
mperative and
negative forms for only the 2nd person are provided below.
Negative
Pers. No. Gen- Per-
Imperative û Imperative
Â÷Ȧ Poss.
Prns. Prns. der son
Don't
do (it). ò à è « ¢ ó Do (it). ò à çʦ Ƚ
Don't do
(it). ¢ ô à è « ¢ ó (you two)
Do (it).
à çʦ ¢ ø ï ¢ ø ¬ ûȦ dl. mg.
Don't
do (it). ¦ ô à è « ¢ ó (you all)
Do (it).
¦ ô à çʦ ö ï ö ¬ ûȦ pl 2nd
Don't do
(it). ô à è « ¢ ó Do (it). ô à çʦ ʽ
person
Don't do
(it). ¢ ô à è « ¢ ó (you two)
Do (it).
à çʦ ¢ ø ï ¢ ø ¬ ûȦ dl. fg.
Don't do
(it). ú ô à è « ¢ ó (you all)
Do (it).
ú ô à çʦ ú ï ú ¬ ûȦ pl.
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a **********************
**
to act, work ò ø ß asked
ò Ç
to know ö ô ß drank
ȧ  Ë
to open, expand Ƭ Â Ë rode
¤ ïÈ°
(he) separated, divided ȼ  ç went
¤ ÿȯ
came near ȧ  ë

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 38 Arabic Grammar

======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 10c =======================

im. mg. sr. (you) Go ¤ ÿ̯ʦ im. mg. pl.

Know. ¦ ø ô ßʦ
ni. mg./fg. dl. (You two)
Do not go near (it). ¢ ¥ Â ì « ¢ ó ni. mg. sr. D
not
do (it). ò à è « ¢ ó
ni. fg. sr. Do not fear (it). ç¢ ¼ « ¢ ó ni. mg. sr. Do not
¤ ÿ À « ¢ ó
go.
im. mg. sr. Open. ̬  Ëʦ ni. mg. sr.
Do not
make. ò à ´ « ¢ ó
im. mg. sr. (you) Say ò ë ni.
mg. pl. Do not
say. ¦ ó ì « ¢ ó
open up for me ó ̬  Ëʦ (you two) don't
come near ¢ ¥ Â ì « ¢ ó
(you all) drink ¦ ¥  Ëʦ don't ask me
ü ó È « ¢ ó
(you all) ride ¦ ¦ ḭ̈ʦ and (you all)
listen ¦ à ø ǦÈÂ
im. mg. sr. (you all) Say ¦ ó ë ni. mg
. pl. Do not
be divided. ¦ ë Â è « ¢ ó
im. mg. sr. Be. ú ï ni.
mg. pl. Do not
be. ¦ û ð « ¢ ó
IMPORTANT NOTE
All the verb forms of òº à ç that were taught in the previous lessons along with
personal and
possessive pronouns are given in the table on the next page. Try to reproduc
e this table a couple
of times for different verbs such as: ò ¬ ë ¤ ÿȯ ¶ ¬ ç ȧ Â Ë È§ Â Ó ê è û
¤ ô × ò »È® ¤ ¬ ï ò à ³.
38
 39 Arabic Grammar

Conjugation table for the verb ò à ç

û Â÷Ȧ ¸°¢Ô ÷ Ó¢ ÷ Poss.
rs. No. Gen- Per-
Prns. Prns. der son
ò à è ò à ç Á
ÿ sr.
ÊÀ à è à ç ¢ ø
¢ ø ÿ dl. mg.
ÈÀ ô à è ¦ ô à ç ö ÿ
ö ÿ pl. 3rd
ò à è « ª ô à ç ¢ ÿ
ÿ sr. person
ÊÀ à è « ¢ ¬ ô à ç ¢ ø
. fg.
ú ô à è ú ô à ç ú ÿ
ú ÿ pl.
ò à è « ¢ ó ò à çʦ ò à è « ª ô à ç Ƚ
¢ ô à è « ¢ ó à çʦ ÊÀ à è « ¢ ø ¬ ô à ç ¢ ø ï ¢ ø ¬ ûȦ dl. mg.
¦ ô à è « ¢ ó ¦ ô à çʦ ÈÀ ô à è « ö ¬ ô à ç ö ï
ô à è « ¢ ó ô à çʦ [ ô à è « ª ô à ç ʽ
person
¢ ô à è « ¢ ó à çʦ ÊÀ à è « ¢ ø ¬ ô à ç ¢ ø ï ¢ ø ¬ ûȦ dl. fg.
ú ô à è « ¢ ó ú ô à çʦ ú ô à è « ú ¬ ô à ç ú ï
ò à çȦ ª ô à ç Ä
¢ ûȦ sr. mg.
fg. 1st
ò à è û ¢ ü ô à ç ¢
ú ¸ û dl. mg. person
pl. fg.

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 40 Arabic Grammar

Conjugation table for the verb ÈÀ¢ ï

û Â÷Ȧ ¸°¢Ô ÷ Ó¢ ÷ Poss.
rs. No. Gen- Per-
Prns. Prns. der son
ÉÀ ð ÈÀ¢ ï Á
ÿ sr.
ÊÀ ¢û ð ¢û¢ ï ¢ ø
dl. mg.
ÈÀ û ð ¦ û¢ ï ö ÿ
ö ÿ pl. 3rd
ÉÀ ð « ª û¢ ï ¢ ÿ
ÿ sr. person
ÊÀ ¢û ð « ¢ ¬û¢ ï ¢ ø
fg.
ú ð ú ï
ú ÿ ú ÿ pl.
ú ð « ¢ ó ú ï ÉÀ ð « ªü ï Ƚ
¢û ð « ¢ ó ¢û ï ÊÀ ¢û ð « ¢ ø ¬ ü ï ¢ ø ï
¦ û ð « ¢ ó ¦ û ï ÈÀ û ð « ö ¬ ü ï ö ï
2nd
û ð « ¢ ó û ï [ û ð « ªü ï ʽ
person
¢û ð « ¢ ó ¢û ï ÊÀ ¢û ð « ¢ ø ¬ ü ï ¢ ø ï
ú ð « ¢ ó ú ï ú ð « ú ¬ ü ï ú ï
ÉÀ ïȦ ª ü ï Ä
¢ ûȦ sr. mg.
fg. 1st
person
ÉÀ ð û ¢ ü ï ¢
ú ¸ û dl. mg.
pl. fg.
The verb forms of ÈÀ¢ ï are extensively used in the Qur'an. Try to reproduce this tabl
e a couple of
times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.

40
 41 Arabic Grammar

Conjugation table for the verb Ⱦ¢ ë

û Â÷Ȧ ¸°¢Ô ÷ Ó¢ ÷ Poss.
rs. No. Gen- Per-
Prns. Prns. der son
ɾ ì Ⱦ¢ ë Á
ÿ sr.
ÊÀ ì ¢ ë ¢ ø
¢ ø ÿ dl. mg.
ÈÀ ó ì ¦ ó¢ ë ö ÿ
ö ÿ pl. 3rd
ɾ ì « ª ó¢ ë ¢ ÿ
ÿ sr. person
ÊÀ ì « ¢ ¬ ó¢ ë ¢ ø
dl. fg.
ú ô ì ú ô ë ú ÿ
ú ÿ pl.
ò ì « ò ë ɾ ì « ª ô ë Ƚ
¢ ó ì « ¢ ó ë ÊÀ ì « ¢ ø ¬ ô ë ¢ ø ï
¦ ó ì « ¦ ó ë ÈÀ ó ì « ö ¬ ô ë ö ï
2nd
ó ì « ó ë [ ó ì « ª ô ë ʽ
person
¢ ó ì « ¢ ó ë ÊÀ ì « ¢ ø ¬ ô ë ¢ ø ï
ú ô ì « ú ô ë ú ô ì « ú ¬ ô ë ú ï
ɾ ëȦ ª ô ë Ä
¢ ûȦ sr. mg.
fg. 1st
person
ɾ ì û ¢ ü ô ë ¢
ú ¸ û dl. mg.
pl. fg.
Different forms of Ⱦ¢º ë are frequently used in the Qur'an. Try to reproduce this table
a couple of
times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.

41
 42 Arabic Grammar
10d. Derived Forms of theVerb ò à ç
Verbal Passive Active
Present (& Past S.
Noun participle participle
future) Tense Tense No.
° ¾ Ð ÷ ¾ à è ø ó¦ ö Çʦ ò ߢ è ó¦ ö Çʦ
ò à ç ¾ à è ÷ ò ߢ ç
ò à ç 1
ò à è « ò à è ÷ ò à è ÷
ò à ç 2
¨ ô ߢ è ÷ ò ߢ è ÷ ò ߢ è ÷
3
ƾ¢ à çʦ ò à è ÷ ò à è ÷
ò à çȦ 4
ò à è « ò à è ¬ ÷ ò à è ¬ ÷
ò à è « 5
¨ ô ߢ è ¬ ÷ ò ߢ è ¬ ÷ ò ߢ è ¬ ÷
ƾ¢ à è ûʦ ò à è ü ÷ ò à è ü ÷
ƾ¢ à ¬ çʦ ò à ¬ è ÷ ò à ¬ è ÷
ƾ à çʦ ò ô à è ÷ ò ô à è ÷
Mò à çʦ 9
ƾ¢ à è ¬ Çʦ ò à è ¬ È ÷ ò à è ¬ È ÷
Note: It is suggested that you practice on this table after memorizing the
meanings of around a
Juz' (parah). Try to repeat this table for a couple of verbs. You will have a
much wider
understanding of different verbs and their meanings which occur in the Qur'an.
After this
practice, you will be able to remember and connect the derived forms with thei
r root word easily.
For each of the verb, you can repeat the table given under the title "Conjugati
on table for the verb
òº à ç " and feel for yourself the power of Arabic language. The following page gives
an example
of how the table given under the title "Conjugation table for the verb ò à ç" can
be reproduced for
the derived form number 3, ò à ç¢ ,. You can reproduce the following for each of the d
erivatives.

42
 43 Arabic Grammar

An Example: Conjugation table for the verb ò à çÈ¢

¸°¢Ô ÷ Ó¢ ÷ Poss. Prns. Pers.
Prns. No. Gen- Per-
der son
ò à è ò à çÈ¢ Á
sr.
ÊÀ à è à çÈ¢ ¢ ø ÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀ ô à è ¦ ô à çÈ¢ ö ÿ
pl. 3rd
ò à è « ª ô à çÈ¢ ¢ ÿ
sr. person
ÊÀ à è « ¢ ¬ ô à çÈ¢ ¢ ø ÿ
. fg.
ú ô à è ú ô à çÈ¢ ú ÿ
pl.
ò à è « ª ô à çÈ¢ Ƚ
sr.
ÊÀ à è « ¢ ø ¬ ô à çÈ¢ ¢ ø ï
ÈÀ ô à è « ö ¬ ô à çÈ¢ ö ï
2nd
[ ô à è « ª ô à çÈ¢ ʽ
sr. person
ÊÀ à è « ¢ ø ¬ ô à çÈ¢ ¢ ø ï
ú ô à è « ú ¬ ô à çÈ¢ ú ï
ò à çɦ ª ô à çÈ¢ Ä
sr. mg.
fg. 1st
person
ò à è û ¢ ü ô à çÈ¢ ¢ û
dl. mg.
pl. fg.

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44 Arabic Grammar
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45 Arabic Grammar
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