Constitutional Law 1

Constitutional Law Syllabus (by Dean Ralph Sarmiento SY2011-2012)

POLITICAL LAW
Defined
People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887
Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77
THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
Nature of the Constitution
Definition;
Classification;
Qualities and essential parts of a good written Constitution
Ratification / Political vs. Justiciable Question
Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33
Constitutional Construction
Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552
Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696
Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284
Self-executing provisions
Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, GR 122156, Feb. 3, 1997
Constitutional History
Pre-1935 Constitution
Schurman Commission; Taft Commission; Spooner Amendment; Philippine Bill of
1902
Jones Law of 1916; Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934
1935 Constitution
Declaration of Martial Law
Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
1973 Constitution
Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33
1986 Snap Presidential Election
Philippine Bar Association. v. Comelec, 140 SCRA 455
People Power Revolt
Proclamation No. 1, Feb. 25, 1986
Proc. No. 3, Mar. 25, 1986
Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22, 1986
In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160
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Freedom Constitution
1987 Constitution
In re: Letter of Reynato Puno, June 29, 1992, 210 SCRA
Effectivity of the 1987 Constitution
De Leon v. Esguerra, 153 SCRA 602
Amendment Process
Amendment vs. Revision
Procedure
1. Proposal
a. By Congress
b. By a Constitutional Convention
Theories on Position of Constitutional Convention
c. By the People thru Initiative
RA 6735
Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325, March 19, 1997
2. Ratification
Doctrine of Proper Submission
Tolentino v. Comelec, 41 SCRA 702
Judicial Review of Amendments
Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 30
Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333
Power of Judicial Review
Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137, 2 L.Ed. 60
Defensor-Santiago v. Guingona, GR 134577, Nov. 18, 1998
Francisco v. House of Representatives, GR 160261, Nov. 10, 2003
Judicial Supremacy vs. Constitutional Supremacy
Political vs. Justiciable Question
Baker v. Carr, 396 US 186
Nixon v. US, 506 US 224
Goldwater v. Carter, 444 US 996, 62 L.Ed.2d 428
Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333
Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
Brillantes v. Concepcion, GR 163193, June 15, 2004
Presumption of Constitutionality
Lim v. Pacquing, GR 115044, Jan. 27, 1995
Requisites of Judicial Review:
1. Actual Case or Controversy
Board of Optometry v. Colet, GR 122241, July 30, 1996
Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
Fernandez v. Torres, 215 SCRA 489
La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Jan. 27, 2004
Ripeness
City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 US 95, 75 L.Ed.2d 675
Mootness
David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006
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 La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Dec. 1, 2004

DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 US 312, 40 L.Ed.2d 164
2. Proper Party
Conventional Standing
Warth v. Seldin, 422 US 490, 45 L.Ed.2d. 343
Representative Standing
Jus Tertii standing
Craig v. Boren, 429 US 190, 50 L.Ed.2d. 397
Transcendental importance to the public
Tatad v. Garcia, 243 SCRA 436
Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110
Kilosbayan v. Morato, 246 SCRA 540
Kilosbayan v. Morato (Recon.), GR 118910, Nov. 16, 1995
Standing of members of Congress
Philconsa v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
Bagatsing v. Committee on Privatization, GR 112399, July 14, 1995
Standing of Integrated Bar of the Philippines
IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
Standing of the Government to question its own laws
People v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56
Taxpayers Suits
Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000
Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14, 2000
3. Question must be raised at the earliest possible opportunity
4. Constitutional question must the very lis mota of the case
Doctrine of Purposeful Hesitation
Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994
Functions of Judicial Review
Effects of Declaration of Unconstitutionality
Doctrine of Operative Fact
Republic v. CA, GR 79732, Nov. 8, 1993
CONCEPT OF STATE
1. People
Citizenship
Distinguished from nationality
Modes of Acquiring citizenship
Citizens of the Philippines
Moy Ya Lim Yao v. Commissioner of Immigration, 41 SCRA 292
Djumantan v. Domingo, Jan. 30, 1995
Election of Philippine citizenship
In re: Vicente Ching, Bar Matter No. 914, October 1, 1999
Doctrine of implied election
Co v. HRET, G.R. No. 92191-92, July 30, 1991
Natural-born citizens
Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001
Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004
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Dual citizenship & dual allegiance

Mercado v. Manzano, GR 135083, May 26, 1999
Res judicata in citizenship cases
Doctrine of Indelible Allegiance
Naturalization
Republic v. De la Rosa, 232 SCRA 785
Loss of citizenship
By naturalization in a foreign country
Frivaldo v. Comelec, 174 SCRA 245
Labo v. Comelec, 176 SCRA 1
By express renunciation or expatriation
Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364
Reacquisition of citizenship, RA 8171
Retroactivity of Repatriation
Frivaldo v. Comelec, 257 SCRA 727, June 28, 1996
Suffrage
Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001
Makalintal v. Comelec, GR 157013, July 10, 2003
2. Territory
Philippine Archipelago; Archipelago Doctrine; UN Convention on the Law of the
Sea
3. Government
Functions
Constituent vs. Ministrant
Laissez-faire vs. Welfare State
Doctrine of Parens Patriae
Govt. of Phil. Islands v. Monte de Piedad, 35 Phil. 728
Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94
Classification
De Jure
De Facto
Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May 22, 1986
4. Sovereignty
Effects of Change in sovereignty
People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887
Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77
Effects of Belligerent Occupation
Doctrine of Jus Postliminium
Dominium vs. Imperium
Derogation of Philippine Sovereignty; The Visiting Forces Agreement
Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000
Doctrine of State Immunity
Basis
U.S.A. vs. Reyes, March 1, 1993
Immunity of Foreign States & Diplomats
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Principle of par in parem non habet imperium

Process of Suggestion
The Holy See v. RTC, GR 101949, Dec. 1, 1994
Determination of Immunity by the Department of Foreign Affairs
Liang v. People, G.R. No. 125865, January 28, 2000
Immunity of International Organizations and Agencies
SEAFDEC v. NLRC, 241 SCRA 580
Callado v. IRRI, 244 SCRA 210
DFA v. NLRC, Sept. 18, 1996
Immunity of Government Agencies
Incorporated
Municipal Corporations
Municipality of San Fernando v. Judge Firme, 195 SCRA 692
Unincorporated
If principal function is governmental
Farolan v. CTA 217 SCRA 298
If proprietary suable
Suits against Public Officers
City of Angeles v. CA, Aug. 28,1996
Veterans Manpower v. CA, 214 SCRA 286
Wylie v. Rarang, 209 SCRA 357
Consent to be sued
Express Consent
Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424
General Law
CA 327; PD 1445; Art. 2180; Act No. 3038
Special Law
Meritt v. Govt. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311
Implied Consent
When State commences litigation
Froilan v. Pan Oriental Shipping, Sept. 30, 1954
When State enters into a business contract
USA v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487
Suability not outright liability
Meritt v. Govt. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil. 311
Fontanilla v. Maliaman, 194 SCRA 486
Consent to be sued does not include consent to execution
Republic v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 84
Municipality of San Miguel v. Fernandez, 130 SCRA 56
Municipality of Makati v. CA, 190 SCRA 206
Immunity cannot be used to perpetrate an injustice on a citizen
Ministerio v. CFI of Cebu, 40 SCRA 464
PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES
Preamble
Republicanism
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Manifestations
1. Nemo est supra leges
Villavicencio v. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778
2. Rule of majority
3. Accountability of Public Officials
4. Bill of Rights
5. Legislature cannot pass irrepealable laws
6. Separation of Powers
Principle of Blending of Powers
Principle of Checks and Balances
The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 L.Ed. 1153
Bowsher v. Synar, 478 US 714
Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No. 169777
7. Non-delegation of powers
Phil. Interisland Shipping Assn. v. CA, GR 100481, Jan. 22, 1997
Potestas delegata non delegare potest
Permissible Delegation
a. Tariff Powers to the President
b. Emergency Powers to the President
First Emergency Powers cases, 84 Phil. 368
Second Emergency Powers cases, 92 Phil. 603
c. Delegation to the People
d. Delegation to Local Government Units
e. Delegation to the Administrative Bodies
Power of Subordinate Legislation
Miners Association v. Factoran, GR 98332, Jan. 16, 1995
Principle of Subdelegation of Powers
Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency
Tests for valid delegation
a. Completeness Test
b. Sufficient Standard Test
Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659
De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
Legislative standard need not be expressed
Hirabashi v. United States, 320 US 99
Chiongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253
8. State Immunity (supra)
9. Election through popular will
Act of State
Incorporation Clause
Conflict between municipal law and international law
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 Ichong v. Hernandez, 101 Phil. 115

Civilian Supremacy
IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
Government to serve and protect the people
People to defend the State
Separation of Church and State
Independent Foreign Policy
Nuclear Free Philippines
Just and dynamic social order
Social Justice
Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726
Respect for human dignity and human rights
Fundamental Equality of men and women
Promotion of health and ecology
Oposa v. Factoran, GR 1010183, July 30, 1993
Priority to education, science and technology
Protection to labor
Land Reform
Assn. of Small Land Owners v. Sec. of Agrarian Reform, 175 SCRA 343
Regalian Doctrine
Republic v. CA, CCP Intervenor, GR 103882, Nov. 25, 1998
Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000
La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary, GR 127882, Jan. 27, 2004
Inalienable Lands of the Public Domain
Chavez v. PEA & AMARI, GR 133250, Nov. 11, 2003
Independent Peoples organizations
Family and Youth
Meyer v. Nebraska, 263 US 393
Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 US 510
Wisconsin v. Yoder, 40 LW 4476
Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94
Self-reliant and independent national economy
Taada v. Angara (GATT case), GR 118295, May 2, 1997
Communication and information in nation-building
Autonomy of Local Governments
Decentralization of Administration vs. decentralization of Power
Limbonas v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786
Basco v. PAGCOR, 197 SCRA 52
Autonomous Region
Disomangcop v. DPWH Secretary, GR 149848, November 25, 2004
Indigenous Cultural Communities
Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000
Honest public service and full public disclosure
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
Legislative power
Initiative, referendum and Recall
Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR 127325, March 19, 1997
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Indirect Initiative
SBMA v. Comelec, Sept. 26, 1996
Recall
Garcia v. Comelec, Oct. 5, 1993
Loss of confidence, a political question
Evardone v. Comelec, 204 SCRA 464, 472
Bicameralism vs. Unicameralism
Senate (Composition; Qualifications; Term of office)
House of Representatives
Composition (District Representatives; Party-list Representatives)
Party-list Representatives
Veterans Federation Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 136781, October 6, 2000
Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147589, June
26, 2001
Apportionment of Legislative Districts
Baker v. Carr, 369 US 186
Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
Montejo v. Comelec, GR 118702, Mar. 19, 1995
Gerrymandering
Doctrine of Equal Representation
Qualifications
Marcos v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300
Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995
Theory of legal impossibility
Natural-born
Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001
Term of office
Privileges
Freedom from Arrest
Parliamentary Immunity
Eastland v. US Servicemens Fund, 421 US 491
Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 443 US 111
Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 714
Disqualifications and Inhibitions
Effect of Imprisonment
People v. Jalosjos, G.R. Nos. 132875-76, February 3, 2000
Sessions; Adjournment; Officers
Santiago v. Guingona, G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001
Quorum
Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17
Rules of Proceedings
Arroyo v. De Venecia (Sin-taxes case), GR 127255, Aug. 14, 1997
Discipline of members
Suspension vs. Preventive Suspension
Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 128055. April 18, 2001
Enrolled Bill Theory
Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, 78 Phil. 1
Casco Chemical v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347
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Legislative Journal vs. Enrolled Bill

Electoral Tribunals
Composition
Bondoc v. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792
Abbas v. Senate Electoral Tribunal, 166 SCRA 651
Powers
Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995
Sampayan v. Daza, 213 SCRA 807
Jurisdiction over Proclamation Controversy
Caruncho v. Comelec, G.R. No. 135996, September 30, 1999
Commission on Appointments
Composition
Guingona v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789
Powers
Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549
Powers of Congress
General Legislative Power
Limitations
Substantive Limitations
Procedural Limitations
One Bill, one subject
Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No. 129118, July 19, 2000
Sufficiency of Title
Phil. Judges Association v. Prado, GR 105371, Nov. 11, 1993
Chongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253
Bills that must originate exclusively from the House
Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, GR 115455, Aug. 25, 1994
Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, Oct. 30, 1995
Three readings on separate days
Bicameral Conference Committee
Legislative Process
Approval of Bills
Presidential veto
Pocket veto
Item veto
Bengzon v. Drilon, 208 SCRA 133
Legislative veto; One-House Veto
Immigration Service v. Chadha, 462 US 919, 77 L.Ed.2d 317
Phil. Constitution Association v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
Power of the Purse
Implied limitations on appropriation measure
Guingona v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221
Constitutional limitations and rules
Riders
Sub rosa appropriation
Prohibition against transfer of appropriation
Phil. Constitution Association v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
Power of Taxation
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 McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US (4 Wheat, 316)

Power of Legislative Investigation
Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No. 169777
Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, 203 SCRA 767
Power to Punish contempt
Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29
Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358
Power to declare existence of state of war
The Prize cases, 67 US 635, 17 L.Ed. 459
Mora v. McNamara, 389 US 934, 19 L.Ed.2d 287
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
President and Vice-President
Qualifications
Natural-born Citizen
Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004
Election
Congress as canvassing board
Supreme Court as Electoral Tribunal
Defensor-Santiago v. Ramos, PET Case no. 001, Feb. 13, 1996
Term of office
Privileges
Official residence
Salary
Presidential Immunity
In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160
Beltran v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393
US v. Nixon, 418 US 683, 41 L.Ed.2d 1039
Nixon v. Fitzgerald, 457 US 731
Clinton v. Jones, 520 US 681, May 27, 1997
Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001
Prohibitions and inhibitions
Rules on Succession
Vacancy at beginning of term
Vacancy during the term
Temporary Disability
Removal of the President
Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001
Powers
Executive Power
Planas v. Gil, 67 Phil. 62
Myers, Administratrix v. United States, 272 US 52
Legislative Powers
Municipality of San Juan v. CA, Sept. 29, 1997
Ople v. Torres, GR 127685, July 23, 1998
Residual Powers
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 Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668

Power to Determine National Policy
The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579, 96 L.Ed. 1153
Prosecution of Crimes
Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652
Creation of Preparatory Committee on Constitutional Reforms
Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14, 2000
Appointing Power
Discretionary power
Flores v. Drilon, GR 104732, June 22, 1993
Gordon v. Judge Santos, CA-GR Sp No. 48339, Aug. 21, 1998
Gordon v. CA, GR 134900, Sept. 1, 1998
Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327
Classes of Appointment
Gaminde v. COA, G.R. No. 140335, December 13, 2000
Appointments subject to confirmation of Commission on Appointments
Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549
Manalo v. Sistoza, GR 107369, Aug. 11, 1999
Limitations on the Appointment Power
Power of Removal
Power of Control
Control vs. Supervision
Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994
Alter-ego Principle or Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency
Carpio v. Executive Secretary, Feb. 14, 1992
The Executive Secretary
Lacson-Magallanes v. Pano, 21 SCRA 895
Military Powers
Commander-in-chief clause
Ex Parte Milligan, 71 US 2
David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006
Aquino v. Military Commission No. 2, 63 SCRA 546
Olaguer v. Military Commission No. 34, 150 SCRA 144
Carpio v. Executive Secretary, supra
Calling Out the Armed Forces
IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
Declaration of State of Rebellion
Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May 10, 2001
Declaration of martial law
Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
Suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
Barcelon v. Baker, 5 Phil. 87
Montenegro v. Castaeda, 91 Phil. 882
Lansang v. Garcia, 42 SCRA 448
Garcia-Padilla v. Enrile, 121 SCRA 472
Pardoning Power
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 People v. Salle, 250 SCRA 581, Dec. 4, 1995

Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190
Garcia v. Chairman, COA, 226 SCRA 356
Pardon vs. Amnesty
Diplomatic Power
Dames & Moore v. Regan, 453 US 654
Treaties vs. Executive Agreements
Power to Impound
Philconsa v. Enriquez, Aug. 19, 1994
JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
Judicial Power
Expanded jurisdiction
Effect on the political question doctrine
Jurisdiction
Diaz v. CA, Dec. 5, 1994
First Lepanto Ceramics v. CA, Oct. 7, 1994
Constitutional Safeguards to insure independence of the Judiciary
Justices/judges may not be designated to any agency performing non-judicial
functions
Fiscal Autonomy
Power of Judicial Review
Appointment to the Judiciary
Procedure for Appointment
Judicial and Bar Council
Supreme Court
Composition
En Banc & Division cases
-Fortich v. Corona, G.R. No. 131457, August 19, 1999
Powers
Supervision over the Judiciary
Dolalas v. Office of the Ombudsman, Dec. 24, 1996
Rule-making powers
Maniago v. CA, 253 SCRA 674
Mandatory Review of Death Penalty Cases
People v. Esparas, GR 120034, Aug. 20, 1996
Writ of Amparo
Equipoise Doctrine
Decisions of the Court
Nicos Industrial Corp. v. CA, 206 SCRA 127
Prudential Bank v. Castro, 158 SCRA 646
Power to control execution of decision
Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, GR 132601, Jan. 19, 1999
Tenure of Justices/Judges
De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
Removal and Discipline
Maceda v. Ombudsman, GR 102781, Apr. 22, 1993
People v. Gacott, 246 SCRA 52
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Salaries
Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552
Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696
Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284
INDEPENDENT CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION
Safeguards to insure the independence of the Commissions
Prohibition on appointment in an acting capacity
Brillantes v. Yorac, 192 SCRA 358
Disqualifications and Inhibitions
Decisions Certiorari to the Supreme Court
Galido v. Comelec, Jan. 18, 1991
Reyes v. RTC, 244 SCRA 41
Garces v. CA, July 17, 1996
SC Revised Admin. Cir. 1-95
1. Civil Service Commission
Scope of the Civil Service
DOH v. NLRC, 251 SCRA 700
Approval of appointments
Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143 SCRA 327
Ramonte v. CSC, 244 SCRA 498
2. Commission on Elections
En Banc and Division cases
Sarmiento v. Comelec, 212 SCRA 307
Powers and Functions
Relampagos v. Cumba, 243 SCRA 690
Loong v. Comelec, GR 133676, Apr. 14, 1999
Exclusive Original Jurisdiction and Appellate Jurisdiction
Guieb v. Fontanilla, 247 SCRA 348, Aug. 14, 1995
Special Registration of New Voters
Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001
3. Commission on Audit
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. COA, GR 101976, Jan. 29, 1993
ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS
Impeachment
Impeachable Officers
Grounds for Impeachment
Procedure
Romulo v. Yniguez, 141 SCRA 263
Impeachment and Criminal Prosecution
Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001
Sandiganbayan
Jurisdiction
Lacson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096, January 20, 1999
Ombudsman
Supervision and control
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 Acop v. Office of the Ombudsman, 248 SCRA 566

Prosecutorial Powers
Camanag v. Guerrero, GR 121017, Feb. 17, 1997
Power to issue subpoena; Form of complaint
Almonte v. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 266
Power to Investigate Administrative Charges
Concurrent with the Office of the President
Hagad v. Dadole, 241 SCRA 242
Concurrent with the DOJ
Honasan v. DOJ Panel of Investigating Prosecutors, GR 159747, Apr. 13,
2004
Power to investigate cases of ill-gotten wealth after Feb. 25, 1996
Republic v. Sandiganbayan, Sept. 24, 1994
Ombudsman for the Military
Agbay v. Deputy Ombudsman for the Military, G.R. No. 134503, July 2,
1999
Special Prosecutor
Zaldivar v. Gonzales, 160 SCRA 843
Commission on Human Rights
Powers and Functions of the Commission
Cario v. CHR, GR 96681, Dec. 2, 1991
Civil Rights vs. Political Rights
Simon v. CHR, 229 SCRA 117, Jan. 5, 1994
Fiscal Autonomy
CHR Employees Assn. v. CHR, GR No. 155336, Nov. 25, 2004
Presidential Commission on Good Government
Chavez v. PCGG, GR 130716, Dec. 9, 1998
Cojuangco v. Roxas, 195 SCRA 797
Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 258 SCRA 685
Romualdez v. Sandiganbayan, 244 S 152
Sequestration
Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 106244, Jan. 22, 1997
Order signed by only one commissioner
Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 113420, Mar. 7, 1997
Imprescriptibility of Right of State to Recover Ill-gotten Wealth
Presidential Committee on Behest Loans v. Desierto, G.R. No. 130140,
October 25, 1999

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