CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, the percentage yield of caffeine obtained are 9.0980% from green tea
and 9.6889% from coffee. The percentage yield obtained from both source of caffeine is
relatively same with slightly difference of 0.5909%. We can conclude that the amount of
caffeine in green tea and coffee is almost the same and can be proven by calculation of
Spearmans Rho.The value of R obtained from calculation is exactly same which is 0.7.
The heart rate of Daphnia magna increases when treated with increasing concentration
of caffeine. This can be proven by the plotted graph of Daphnia heartbeat against
concentration of caffeine. Daphnia magna are unusual among crustaceans in that they
possess myogenic hearts (Yamagishi, 2000). Human also have myogenic hearts which is
similar to our test specimen which is Daphnia magna. Thus, we can conclude that the
heart rate of human also increases when treated with increasing concentration of
caffeine. People who consume daily uptake of caffeine should considered to take
decaffeinated drinks. Excessive consumption of caffeine may acutely cause caffeine
intoxication, elevated blood pressure, increased myocardial contractility, vomiting and
death. (Higgins John P, 2013).

There are a few recommendations for further study of the effect of caffeine on the heart
rate of Daphnia magna. The recommendations are environmental change of temperature,
time of exposure and number of Daphnia magna used.
First of all, the environmental change of temperature can affect the result of heart rate of
Daphnia magna when treated with different concentration of caffeine. In a finding, it
indicate that as the temperature is increased up to 6 0C and higher above the ambient
(160C), the Daphnia magna become more active, increased their rate of breathing and
heartbeat ( M.A.Q Khan, n.d.). They adjust their body to a lower body mass and smaller
size. The demand for more oxygen by the increased rate of metabolism is met by the
increased rate of hemoglobin synthesis, respiration and heartbeat.
Next, time of exposure should be considered as recommendation for further study. In our
research, we observed the heart rate of Daphnia magna within 60 seconds. In further
study, the heart rate should be observed for 1 minute, 2 minute, 3 minute and 4 minute.
This is because Daphnia magna is only small and simple organism that tolerate
differently with time of exposure to caffeine. Over-exposure on different concentration
of caffeine can cause it body to malfunction and result in death.
Lastly, the number of Daphnia magna used can also be considered in further study. In
our research, we decided to observe 3 Daphnia for each concentration of caffeine and
calculate their average heart beats. In further study, we recommend to observe 5 to 10
Daphnia magna for each concentration of caffeine. The average heart beat calculated
will be more accurate and reliable.