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Wednesday,November07,2012

Fassi
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InternationalLawNotes

AslamoAlikum,
Dearfellows,membersandseniors.I'vereceivedmanyrequeststosharematerialregarding
InternationalLaw.Soforthatverypurpose,mestartingthisthreadandhereI'llsharethetopicwise
notesofInternationalLaw.I'msureyoupeoplewilldefinitelyspeakwellofmyefforts.

Note:MaterialisextractedfromdifferentresourcessowhereveryoupeoplefeelI'mmistakendo
guidemeandcorrectme.
Moreover,criticismandcontributionofothermembersandseniorswillbecommended.

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Wednesday,November07,2012

Fassi
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InternationalLaw
Law:

LawisanEnglishworditisderivedfromGermanwordLagwhichmeansConstantUnmovable,
StaticandPlane.

DefinitionsofLaw:

Therearevariousdefinitionsoflawsomeofthemarethefollowing.
Aristotle:Whatevertherulingpartyenactsiscalledlaw
JohnAustin:Lawisthecommandofsovereignty
WoodrowWilson:Lawisthatportionofestablishingthoughtwhichhasdistinct&intheshapeof
uniformsbackedbytheauthority&powerofstate
Holland:Lawisgeneralruleofexternalactionenforcedbysovereignpoliticalauthority
J.C.Carter:Lawalwayshasbeenstillisandwillforevercontinuetobecustom
SirHenryMaine:Lawisacceptingnormsofsocietyandstatehastoimplementthoselaws
Salmond:Thebodyofprinciplesrecognized&appliedbythestateintheapplicationofjustice
So,
1.Lawshouldbeuniform.
2.Itshouldbeuniversal.
3.Itsjurisdictionshouldbecompulsory.
4.Thereshouldbesystemofcourse.

DivisionsofLaw:

1MunicipalLaw(withinthecountry)
2InternationalLaw(outofthecountry)
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Wednesday,November07,2012

Fassi
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IntroductiontoInternationalLaw
Introduction:

"Internationallawisthebodyoflegalrules,norms,andstandardsthatapplybetweensovereign
statesandotherentitiesthatarelegallyrecognizedasinternationalactors."
InternationallawisalsocalledPublicInternationalLawandLawofNations.
ThetermwascoinedbytheEnglishphilosopherJeremyBentham(17481832).

DefinitionsofInternationalLaw:
Thereisstillnoconsensusamongacademicsandotherinterestedpartiesastowhatinternationallaw
is.Therearesomewhoarguethatthereisnosuchthingasinternationallawasitisnotimposedbya
sovereignauthority.However,itisnotaverystrongargumentbecausealllawsarenotnecessarily
imposedbysovereignauthorities.Averygoodexampleisthecustoms,whicharepracticesofpeople.
Furthermore,allrelevantsectorsintheinternationalcommunityactasifinternationallawexists.
1.ClassicalDefinitions:
Someclassicaldefinitionsbyprominentscholarsaregivenbelowthatdon'tmeetwithmoderntrends
ofinternationallaw
Bentham:Internationallawisacollectionofrulesgoverningrelationsbetweenstates.
Oppenheim:Lawofnationsorinternationallawisthenameforthebodyofcustomaryand
conventionalruleswhichareconsideredlegallybindingbythecivilizedstatesintheirintercoursewith
eachother.
2.ModernDefinitions:
Theearlierdefinitionwasthatinternationallawisasystemoflawthatregulatestheactivityof
states.However,thisisnotamoderndefinitionbecauseinternationallawdoesnotconfineitselfto
States.Therefore,moderndefinitionsforinternationallawhavebeenintroduced.Forexample,
Prof.J.G.Starkehasstatedthat:Internationallawconsistsofasystemoflaws,themajorityof
whichappliestostatesbutalsoregulatesactivitiesofindividualsandinternationalorganizationswhen
itbecomestheconcernfortheinternationalcommunity.
SchwarzenBerger:Internationallawisbodyoflegalruleswhichapplybetweensovereignstates
andsuchentitieswhichhavebeengrantedinternationallegalpersonality.

DisciplinesofInternationalLaw:
Theterm"internationallaw"canrefertothreedistinctlegaldisciplines:
PublicInternationalLaw,whichgovernstherelationshipbetweenprovincesandinternational
entities.Itincludestheselegalfields:treatylaw,lawofsea,internationalcriminallaw,thelawsof
warorinternationalhumanitarianlawandinternationalhumanrightslaw.
PrivateInternationalLaw,orconflictoflaws,whichaddressesthequestionsof(1)which
jurisdictionmayhearacase,and(2)thelawconcerningwhichjurisdictionappliestotheissuesinthe
case.
SupranationalLaworthelawofsupranationalorganizations,whichconcernsregionalagreements
wherethelawsofnationstatesmaybeheldinapplicablewhenconflictingwithasupranationallegal
systemwhenthatnationhasatreatyobligationtoasupranationalcollective.
Thetwotraditionalbranchesofthefieldare:
1.JusGentiumlawofnations
2.JusInterGentesagreementsbetweennations

SignificanceofInternationalLaw:
Internationallawisthevitalmechanismwithoutwhichaninterdependentworldcannotfunction
properlyandwithintheboundsoflaw.Itdoesnotonlycontrolthestatesbyoverseeingtheirconduct
inrelationwithotherstates,likethelawprohibitingtheuseofarmedforcetosettledispute,butalso
maintainslawsregardingindividuals(e.g.humanrights).

Furthermore,internationallawisintrinsicallyboundupwithdiplomacy,politicsandconductofforeign
affairsitisnot,atall,basedonanadversarialsystemoflaw,meaningtherebythatmanyofthe
ruleshavebeenevolvedfromthepracticeofthestatesanddonotbindthestatesinanycourse,
whichtendstomakeinternationallawmoreflexible.Also,internationallawleavesastatewithso
manyoptionsratherthanwithmerelyonecourseofaction,whichservesasanadvantagefora
systemsoboundupwithpoliticsanddiplomacy.

GlobalScopeofInternationalLaw:
AccordingtoBentham'sclassicdefinition,internationallawisacollectionofrulesgoverningrelations
betweenstates.Itisamarkofhowfarinternationallawhasevolvedthatthisoriginaldefinitionomits
individualsandinternationalorganizationstwoofthemostdynamicandvitalelementsofmodern
internationallaw.Furthermore,itisnolongeraccuratetoviewinternationallawassimplyacollection
ofrulesrather,itisarapidlydevelopingcomplexofrulesandinfluentialthoughnotdirectlybinding
principles,practices,andassertionscoupledwithincreasinglysophisticatedstructuresand
processes.Initsbroadestsense,internationallawprovidesnormativeguidelinesaswellasmethods,
mechanisms,andacommonconceptuallanguagetointernationalactorsi.e.,primarilysovereign
statesbutalsoincreasinglyinternationalorganizationsandsomeindividuals.Therangeofsubjects
andactorsdirectlyconcernedwithinternationallawhaswidenedconsiderably,movingbeyondthe
classicalquestionsofwar,peace,anddiplomacytoincludehumanrights,economicandtradeissues,
spacelaw,andinternationalorganizations.Althoughinternationallawisalegalorderandnotan
ethicalone,ithasbeeninfluencedsignificantlybyethicalprinciplesandconcerns,particularlyinthe
sphereofhumanrights.
Aboveall,internationallawcoversawiderangeoflawswhichincludethefollowing:
Refugeelaws
Narcotics/Drugstreaties
Humantrafficking
Obscenepublication
Worldhealthtreaties
Internationaltradedevelopment
Agreementrelatingtoindependentguaranteeandletterofcredit.
Protocolonroadsignsandsignals1947
Contractofcarriageofgoodsbyroads.

ScopeofInternationalLawinPakistan:
AsfarasthescopeofinternationallawinPakistanisconcerned,itisexpandingwiththepassageof
time.Pakistanisunderanobligationtofollowitsinternationalcommitmentsarisingoutofanytreaty,
conventionorinternationalagreement,ratifiedbyit.Further,afterhavingratifiedatreaty,itis
mandatoryforPakistantoincorporateitintodomesticlawsbyenactingimplementinglegislations.For
instance,DangerousCargosActandMaritimeZonesAct,1996ofPakistanaimattranslatingits
internationalobligationsintothedomesticlaws.Similarly,UnitedNationsConventiononLawofthe
SeahasbeenratifiedbyPakistanandtoensureitsenforcement,correspondingdomesticlegislationis
required.

Conclusion:
Keepinginviewtheneedofastableandorderlyinternationalsociety,therelevanceandpertinenceof
internationallawisallthemoreemphasized.Inthisageofglobalizationandanincreaseddegreeof
interdependencebetweendifferentcountriesoftheworld,internationallawcanprovideaviable
regimetoregulateintrastaterelationsandactivities.However,itistobenotedthatinternationallaw
hasitslimitationsowingtoconceptslikestatesovereigntyasacrednormofinternationallaw.But
recentdevelopmentsinthearenaofinternationallawhaveprovedthatitcanplayavitalrolein
regulatinginternationalaffairsthroughvarioustreatiesandconventions,whichuponratification,bind
thestatepartiestoobservethesame.Although,ashasbeensaidearlier,theredoesnotexistan
effectivetool/forumtoimplementtheseinternationaltreaties(likethecorrectivemeasuresthatcan
beresortedtobyastateagainstitscitizensinaneventofnoncompliancetothelawsoftheland),

nevertheless,compliancecanbeensuredbymeansofsanctions(suchastradeembargosor
diplomaticcutoffetc)whichareofgreatrelevanceforlifeinthecomityofnations,alreadybecoming
aglobalvillage.Forexample,UNSCissued1373/01resolutionwhichpreventsandsuppressthe
financingofterroristactsand1566/04furthermakesitmandatoryforworldwideimplementation.The
importanceassociatedtothesesanctionscanbetracedtofactorssuchasincreasedeconomic(trade)
activityatagloballevel,freeflowofinformation,formationofregional/globalblockspursuinga
specificideology/orientation,aneverincreasingrateofimmigration,naturalaswellashuman
resourcesharingetc.Allthesefactorshavecontributedtothegrowthofinternationallawandatthe
sametimehighlightedtheneedofit.Itmayfinallybesaidthatstartingfromthelimitedinterstate
interactionbetweentheGreekcitystates,internationallawanditsneedhavebecomemorerelevant
inthemodernstatesystem.Itcanhelpbridgethegapsofdissentingideologiesanddivergentpolicies
ofsovereignstatesbybringingthemtogetheronacommonlyagreeduponlaw
(treaty/agreement/convention),soastobindthemintocomplianceandreducefrictiontoensurea
moreorderlyandpeacefulworld.

?((._.._.))
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Wednesday,November07,2012

Fassi
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2010GivesuchadefinitionofInternationalLawwhichcouldcoverallthemoderntrends
init?
Hereisanswerofthequestionasked
Quote:

OriginallyPostedbyFassi
2.ModernDefinitions:
Theearlierdefinitionwasthatinternationallawisasystemoflawthatregulatestheactivity
ofstates.However,thisisnotamoderndefinitionbecauseinternationallawdoesnotconfine
itselftoStates.Therefore,moderndefinitionsforinternationallawhavebeenintroduced.For
example,
Prof.J.G.Starkehasstatedthat:Internationallawconsistsofasystemoflaws,the
majorityofwhichappliestostatesbutalsoregulatesactivitiesofindividualsandinternational
organizationswhenitbecomestheconcernfortheinternationalcommunity.
SchwarzenBerger:Internationallawisbodyoflegalruleswhichapplybetweensovereign
statesandsuchentitieswhichhavebeengrantedinternationallegalpersonality.

2008,2005JohnAustinsays"InternationalLawisnotarealLaw,butapositive
InternationalMorality."Doyouagreewithhim?Giveargumentsinsupportofyour
answer.

Manyaspirantsareaskingmeviamailabouttheanswerofabovesaidquestionsincelongtime.So,
1.Getideaaboutansweringthisquestionfrombelowlink
IsInternationalLawJustAPositiveMorality
2.Forcomprehensiveandwellarticulatedansweroftheabovequestion,consult
InternationalLawbyDr.H.OAgarwall
PageNumber:56
TopicName:AustinsView
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Friday,November16,2012

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PublicInternationalLawand
PrivateInternationallaw
DefinitionofPublicInternationalLaw:
Oppenheim:"Publicinternationalisbodyofcustomaryandconventionalrules,whichareconsidered
bindingoncivilizedstatesinthererelationwitheachother."
SchwarnzenBerger:"Internationallawisbodyoflegalruleswhichapplybetweensovereignstates
andsuchentitieswhichhavebeengrantedinternationallegalpersonality.

DefinitionofPrivateInternationalLaw:
M.PTandon:"Privateinternationallawisabodyofprinciplesdeterminingquestionsasto
jurisdictionsandquestionsastoselectionofappropriatelaw,incivilcaseswhichpresentthemselves
fordecisionbeforeacourtofonestateorcountry,butwhichinvolvesaforeignelementi.e.which
effectforeignpersonsorforeignortransactionsthathavebeenenteredinaforeigncountryorwith
respectofforeignsystemoflaw"
PittCobbet:"Privateinternationallawisthebodyofrulesfordeterminingquestionsastoselectionof
appropriatelaw,incivilcaseswhichpresentthemselvesfordecisionbeforethecourtsofonestateor
country,butwhichinvolveaforeignelementi.e,whicheffectforeignpersonsorforeignthingsor
transactionsthathadbeenenteredintowhollyorpartlyinaforeigncountryorwithreferencetosome
foreignsystemoflaw."

DistinctionbetweenPublicInternationalLawandPrivateInternationalLaw:
1.AstoConsent:
Publicinternationallawbasedontheconsentofthestate.
Privateinternationallawisnotbasedontheconsentofthestates.
2.AstoObject:
oPublicinternationallawregulatesrelationshipofstatesinterseanddeterminesrightsanddutiesof
thesubjectstatesatinternationalsphere.
oPrivateinternationallawdeterminesastowhichlawwillapplyoftwoconflictinginaparticularcase
havingforeignelement.
3.AstoConflictofLaws:
oPublicinternationallawdoesnotinvolveinconflictsoflaws.
oPrivateinternationallawinvolvesintheconflictsoflaws.
4.AstoNature:
Publicinternationalissameforallthestates.
Privateinternationalmaybedifferentinvariousstates.
5.AstoSources:
oPublicinternationallawhasitssourcesintreaties,custometc.etc.
oPrivateinternationallawhasitssourcesinthelegislationoftheindividualstatetowhichthelitigant
belongs.
6.AstoApplication:
oPublicinternationallawapplicabletocriminalaswellascivilcases.
oPrivateinternationallawisapplicabletocivilcasesonly,whichpresentthemselvesforaccessionof
courtsofthestate.
7.AstoSubject:
Publicinternationallawdealswiththestates.
Privateinternationallawdealswiththeindividuals.
8.AstoMunicipalLaw:
Publicinternationallawisnotpartofmunicipallaw.
9.AstoJurisdiction:
Publicinternationallawdoesnotinvolvesdeterminationonthequestionofdetermination.
Privateinternationallawdeterminescourtwhichwillhavejurisdictiontodecidedissueinquestion.
10.AstoScope:
oPublicinternationallawhaswiderscope.itisofuniversecharacter.
oPrivateinternationallawhaslessorscope.

Conclusion:

Toconcludeitcanbesaidthat,publicinternationallawandprivateinternationallawarebranchesof
internationallaw.Publicinternationallawisknownasconflictoflaws.thesearedifferentfromeach
anotherbutinsomeexceptionalcasesrulesofprivateinternationallawmaybecomerulesofpublic
internationallaw.

Regards
?((._.F@SsI._.))

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Friday,November16,2012

#6
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Elspeth
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khurramamirnotes?

isthisfromkhurramamirnotes??

Friday,November16,2012

Fassi
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Quote:

OriginallyPostedbyElspeth
isthisfromkhurramamirnotes??
DearI'mconsultinghostofbooksofInternationalLawsodon'tremembertheexactsource.Hereis
thelistofresourcesmeconsulting.
1.InternationalLawKapoorandTandon
2.InternationalLawDr.H.OAgarwall
3.InternationalLawMalcomShaw
4.InternationallawJ.GStarke
5.NadeemBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
6.MajeedBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
7.KhurramAmirQureshiLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
8.EasternLawBookHouseLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
9.NotesbyDifferentAcademiesi.e.KIPS,Officersetc.ofLahore
10.MySelfmadeLLBInternationalLawNotes
11.Internet,WikipediaandEncyclopediaBritannica
Metryingtoprovideyoupeoplebestmaterialsoitmayhelpyoupeopleinthebestwaywhile
preparingInternationalLaw.
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December26,2012)
Friday,November16,2012

Elspeth
JuniorMember

2013shallbeyouristattempt??

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Sunday,November18,2012

oxon
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Fassiyouaredoingagreatjob,Iamalsotrytogetsomethingfrombookpublishedbyexamcram
series,,,,agoodoneandwrittenbymansoorandmansha,2013myfirstandlastchance,itseemslife
isgoingtobeendedbrother,
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Aywatantunaypukaratolahukholutha,,
terybetayteryjan'baazchalyaatayhein..!!

Thursday,November22,2012

AwaisBajwa
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Quote:

OriginallyPostedbyFassi
DearI'mconsultinghostofbooksofInternationalLawsodon'tremembertheexactsource.
Hereisthelistofresourcesmeconsulting.
1.InternationalLawKapoorandTandon
2.InternationalLawDr.H.OAgarwall
3.InternationalLawMalcomShaw
4.InternationallawJ.GStarke
5.NadeemBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
6.MajeedBookDepotLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
7.KhurramAmirQureshiLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
8.EasternLawBookHouseLLBGuideforInternationalLaw
9.NotesbyDifferentAcademiesi.e.KIPS,Officersetc.ofLahore
10.MySelfmadeLLBInternationalLawNotes
11.Internet,WikipediaandEncyclopediaBritannica
Metryingtoprovideyoupeoplebestmaterialsoitmayhelpyoupeopleinthebestwaywhile
preparingInternationalLaw.
WillyoucontinuetoprovideyourguidancetoyoungbrainsFasibro?
Iamhopefulforthat
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