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itroduction
(Hi) c o t e :
1. Angle
I f a straight line O A rotates about the point ' O ' called
r-e vertex from its initial position to the new position O A ' .
Then the angle A O A ' , denoted as Z A O A ' , is formed. The
aigle may be positive or negative depending up on their
rotation. I f the straight line rotates in anticlockwise direction
i positive angle is formed and i f it rotates in clockwise direc-on a negative angle is formed. A n angle is measured in
:egree ().
1 Quadrants
Let X ' O X and Y O Y ' be two lines perpendicular to
:h other. The point ' O ' is called the origin, the line X ' O X is
lied X axis and Y O Y ' is called the Y axis. These two lines
ide the plane into 4 parts. Each part is called a Q U A D W T . The part X O Y , Y O X ' , X ' O Y ' and Y ' O X are respecs\y known as 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quadrants.
Angle of Elevation
I f an object A ' is above the horizontal line O A we
ave to move our eyes in upward direction through an angle
KOA' then the angle A O A ' is called the angle of elevation.
I. Angle of Depression
I f an object O is below the horizontal line A ' O ' and
*e are standing on the point A ' then we have to move our
i>es in downward direction through an angle O ' A ' O . This
ingle O ' A ' O is called the angle of depression.
5. Trigonometric Ratio
(iv) t a n 0 =
tan0
sin 9
cos 6
COS0
(v) cot9 =
'
sin 9
(vi) cos 9 + s i n 9 = 1
2
(vii) 1 + t a n 9 = s e c 9
2
4- Ratio/Angle(9)-+
sine
0
0
cos 6
1.
tan 6
sec 9
30
1
2
s
2
1
2
73
2
cosec6
cote
45
1
&
1
V2
1
J5
42
1
CO
60
S
2
1
2
s
' ''2''
2 ^L
s
1
90"
1
0
00 -
CO
Rule 1
Problems Based on Pythagoras Theorem
Phythagoras Theorem => h
=p
+b
perpendicular
hypotenuse
BC
base
a
= = cosS
2) The ratio
hypotenuse
3) The ratio
AC
- perpendicular _ b _
b
.
= = sm6
1
sin0
base
Illustrative Example
Ex:
The father watches his son flying a kite from a distance o f 80 metres. The kite is at a height o f 150 metres
directly above the son. H o w far is the kite from the
father?
Soln:
(ii) sec 9 =
COS0
624
P R A C T I C E B O O K ON Q U I C K E R MATHS
to be 60. Find the height o f the flagpost.
Soln:
AABD
tan 60 =
AB
BD
BD
(FKf=(FSf {SKf
+
I*9
mm
....(i)
AB
tan 4 5 = BD + DC
= 170 metres.
+ 30 = x
Exercise
1.
,
7lm
have
the required height o f the flagpost
30 x tan 4 5 x tan 60
tan 6 0 - t a n 4 5
30x^3x1
Answers
VJ-l
2.a
30V3
7 1 m.
0.732
Rule 2
9, to 9
0.732
Quicker Method: A p p l y i n g the above theorem, we
l.a
V3"
30V3
= 30
the
metres.
2
x tan 9, t a n 0 ,
(H) of the flagpost is given by
tan9
-tan0,
units and
t a n 9 - tan 9,
m/sec
2
units.
travelled b y man.
Soln:
10V3 V J - ^ =
VJx-L
Illustrative Example
Ex:
= 20 metres.
Exercise
1.
MATHS
625
a)8.66m
b)10m
c) 17.32m
d)20m
A man is watching from the top o f a tower a boat speeding away from the tower. The boat makes an angle o f
depression o f 45 with the man's eye when at a distance
of 60 metres from the tower. After 5 seconds, the angle
of depression becomes 3 0 . What is the approximate
speed o f the boat, assuming it is running in still water?
[SBI Associates P O E x a m , 1999]
a)32km/hr b ) 4 2 k m / h r c)38km/hr d ) 3 6 k m / h r
A man stands at a point P and marks an angle o f 30 with
the top o f the tower. He moves some distance towards
tower and makes an angle o f 6 0 with the top o f the
tower. What is the distance between the base o f the
tower and the point P?
[ B S R B Hyderabad P O Exam, 1999]
a) 12 units
op& units
c) 4^/3 units
d) Data inadequate
b)15m
15
d ) ^ m
c) 10V3
km
b)
3 + V3
km
9.
I f from the top o f a tower 50 m high, the angles o f depression o f two objects due north o f the tower are respectively 6 0 and 4 5 , then the approximate distance between the objects is
.
a) 11m
b)21m
c)31m
d)41m
10. Two persons standing on the same side o f a tower measure the angles o f elevation o f the top o f the tower as
30 and 4 5 . I f the height o f the tower is 30 m, the distance between the two persons is approximately
a) 52 m
b)26m
c)82m
d)22m
11. I f from the top o f a c l i f f 100 m high, the angles o f depressions o f two ships out at sea are 6 0 and 3 0 , then the
distance between the ships is approximately.
a)173m
b)346m
c)57.6m
d) 115.3 m
12. The angles o f depression o f two ships from the top o f
the light house are 4 5 and 3 0 towards east. I f the ships
are 100 m apart, then the height o f the light house is
50
a)
7I7r
d)V3+lkm
b)5m
10V3
c) r - m
a) yja + b
b)
V3^1
d)50(V3+l)m
13.
c)2.4km/hr
d)3km/hr
20 x tan 60 x tan 30
. c;
tan 6 0 - t a n 30
20VJ
d)
Answers
a) 5V3 m
c)5o(V3-l)m
a)2km/hr
c)3 + 7 3 k m
50
20 m
>D
= 10V3 =17.32 m
2
626
2. a;
P R A C T I C E B O O K ON Q U I C K E R MATHS
5c;
.xx tan 3 0
Hint: 60 =
Hint:
tan 4 5 - t a n 3 0
60 x 1
or,
X :
15 =
60 m
xm
x x tan 60 x tan 3 0
tan 6 0 - t a n 3 0
s.
tan 6 0 - t a n 30
.'. x = 15 x
6 0 x 0 . 7 3 2 metres
tan 60 x tan 3 0
,
60x0.732x18
.
,
.-. reqd speed =
= 31.62 32 km/hr
5x5
3.d;
= 15
A/3 x
V3-- l =^
l
tan 6 0 - t a n 4 5
"+
C
1 km
?
lxlxV3
- \i
+ \+
km
+\
10 x tan 60 tan 3 0
7. a; Hint: Height
tan 6 0 - t a n 3 0
1200 m
xm
1200 =
10m
x t a n 6 0 x tan 4 5
tan 6 0 - t a n 4 5
x = 1200
I x t a n 4 5 x t a n 60
6. b; Hint: Height ( H ) =
xtanG,
tan 9 - tan 8,
1 5
'
tan 6 0 - t a n 4 5
tan 60 x tan 4 5
10xV3x-j== 12
- ^
- 1
5 m
b ;
i n t : Height - ( - )
tan 6 0 - t a n 3 0
q
= 10V3m.
627
200V3
V3
= 100
= 115.3 m
V3x-4= .
V3 J
tan 45 x tan 30
12. d; Hint: Required height ( H ) = 100|
a m
tan 4 5 - t a n 30
tan 6 0 - t a n 4 5
9. b; Hint: Required distance (x) -
tan 60 x tan 4 5
A
100 m
1
100
100!
1
100
VJ-i
V3+1
= 5o(V3+l) m
13. a; Hint:
tan 4 5 x tan 30
A
30 m
60 m
tan 4 5 x tan 30
Required height ( H ) =
tan 4 5 - t a n 30
60x-=xl
1:30
6 0
V3"
= 30(V3-l)*
2 2 m
!__L
" V3-1
tan 60 - t a n 3 0
tan 60 x tan 30
60
A/3+1
VJ-l
V3+1
= 3o(V3+l)
: 3 0 x 2 . 7 3 2 = 81.96 m
100 m
14. c
tan 6 0 - t a n 4 5
15. b; Hint:
tan 6 0 x tan 4 5
xl50
P R A C T I C E B O O K ON Q U I C K E R MATHS
628
a) 100m
c) 50V3 m
b)50m
150 m
10
a)
= 63.4
ft
c)10V3ft
d) None o f these
km/hr
1000
b) 10
60
X
'
ft
d)300m
a)24ft
1.9km/hr.
4.
Rule 3
25-\/3
b)48ft
m
c)72ft
d) 24>/3 ft
a) 25 m
H
distance of the child from the flagpost is
t a n
go
c) 25A/3
d) None o f these
units.
Illustrative Example
EK
b)75m
45
a ) ^ m
b) 45-^3 m c ) 1 3 5 m
d) None o f these
flagpost. When he sees the flag the angle o f elevation formed is 60. I f the height o f the flagpost is 30 ft,
Answers
AB
BC
Detail Method: = tan 6 0
-1/5
or, -V3
H
l.a;
H i n t : 100V3 m
tan 30
3 0
H
30 f t
100 71m
1
.-. H = 1 0 0 V 3 x t a n 3 0 = 100V3x-_L, = 100
or,gC =
^ f
X
x l Q
= 10V3ft
2.b
V 3 x ^ x l O
V3
'
100A/3
4. a
5. b
Rule 4
Theorem: The angles of elevation of top and bottom of a
flag kept on a flagpost from 'x'units
9
2 0
Exercise
1-
3.c
//tan9
given by
tan 9, - t a n 9
flag ie x ( t a n 0 , - t a n 9 ) .
2
629
b)45(V3+l)m
c) 45(A/3 - 1 ) m
d) None o f these
Answers
1. b;
Note:
Illustrative Example
Ex:
Soln:
72 m
= 72[73-l] = 7 2 x 0 . 7 3 2 = 52.7 m
2.d
3.c
50 m
Rule 5
Theorem: 'x' units of distance from the foot of a cliff on
level ground, the angle of elevation of the top of a cliff b
0 , then the height of the cliff is (x tan 0 ) units.
Illustrative Example
Ex:
BC
In
o r ,5 rC- - - ^
3
30
AABC
A
30
Height o f flag AB = 30 = 30 - 1 0 V J
V3
= 3 0 - 1 7 . 3 2 = 12.68m
Quicker Method: A p p l y i n g the above theorem, we
have
the required height = 3 0 ( t a n 4 5 - t a n 3 0 )
= 30 1 -
300 m
= 12.68 metres.
tan 30 =
AB
BC
300
Exercise
1.
2.
b)
c) 10^3 m
20
d) j m
Exercise
1.
3.
P R A C T I C E B O O K ON Q U I C K E R MATHS
630
) 20A/2
b) 20A/3
20
c) ^
m d) Data inadequate
2.
3.
Hint: 6 = 2A/3xtan0
b)45
c)60
or,
6.
tan 6 :
- ^TJ" - ^
"
d)90
3.b;
a)242
b)3A/2m
4.
c)5m
d) 3^3 m
5.
b)45
c)60
3 m
d)90
a) 30
b)45
c)60
4. a;
d)90
fi +3
2
=3A/2 m
= 0
Let AB=x.
Then, AC =
a) 100A/3 m
7.
.-. AC =
6.
100
b) ^
m
.
200
c)
sofi
d)
AB
tan 9 =
AC
fix
fix
V3
5. b;
30
a) 3 0 v 3 m
.-. 6 = tan" - J = = 3 0
V3
b)15m
<1)15A/2 m
a )
41
b)50A/3m
c)25m
.-.9 = t a n " 1 = 4 5 -
50
tan G
x
,, , tan0 = - = l
Hint: x=
6. b;
100
Hint: Required height = 100 * tan30 = ^y=" m
7. a;
8. b;
Hint: 50 = x x t a n 3 0
d) 25A/3 m
b) 10A/3 m
or, x
.
9.b:
50
50
tan 30
1/V3
10
Hint:/!C = 10xtan30 = - p , m
A/3
10
c) 1 0 ( A / 3 - l ) m
d )
50A/3 m
fi
Answers
l b ; Hint:
AB =
20 m
10
20
+
IV3J
A/3
631
have
the required height
Rule 6
Theorem: The horizontal distance between two towers is
'x' units. The angle of depression of the first tower when
= 1 6 0 - 5 0 V 3 x t a n 3 0 = 1 6 0 - 5 0 V 3 x 4 = = l 10 m
V3
Exercise
1.
10
__
(i) If the height of the second tower is ' _y, ' units then the
height of the first tower is given by (y, - JC tan 8 ) units.
(ii) If the height of thefirst tower is given as ' y ' units then
2
2.
p >
3.
B
2nd tower
1st t o w e r
Answers
Illustrative Example
Ex:
Lb;
10
4
Hint: 2m = y ~ ~ ^ 7 j
.
t a n e
V3
10
3
or, t a n 0 x
3
50j3~m
AP
PC
AP
50fi
60 m
.-. A P = 5 0 m
.*. the height o f the other tower
= A B - A P = 160-50= HOm.
Quicker Method: A p p l y i n g the above theorem, we
Hint: 62.5= 8 0 - Y t a n 4 5 1
P R A C T I C E B O O K ON Q U I C K E R MATHS
632
In
AABP
t a n 6 0 = = -=>x
BP
y
80 m
In
62.5
= yfi
...(>)
ACDP
tan 30 =
CD
DP
120-y
=> xJ3
= 1 2 0 - y ....(ii)
\ J C = 8 0 - 6 2 . 5 = 17.5 m
vVJVJ = 1 2 0 - y
Rule 7
=> 3 y = 1 2 0 - y => y = 3 0 m
have
poles
of the point
xtanO, t a n 0
tan 6, + t a n 0
P from
\20xfix~
^ - = 30V3 mand
3
tan0, + t a n 0
Pfrom
120x
/> =
= 30 m.
fi
Exercise
1.
2.
Illustrative Example
Ex.
Soln:
V3-1
b) 2o(VJ-l)m
m
c) 10(V3-l) m
3.
d) None o f these
d) Data inadequate
Answers
30 x tan 30 x tan 60
1. c; Hint: Required height (h) =
tan 60 + t a n 30
633
3000->>
,
- - \
CD
x
.-. ;c = 3 0 0 0 - y
..-(ii)
Combining (i) and ( i i ) we get
tan 4 5 =
3000
=>
SOOO-y
3000x0.732
y = 3000 1 -
J_
= 12.975 m
2.c
* 1268m
1.732
73"
=7.5x1.732
have
13 m
3000 1 - -
tan 60
3.a
Rule 8
tan 45
3000
a 1268m
Exercise
1.
A vertical tower stands on a horizontal plane and is surmounted by a flagstaff o f height 7 m. A t a point on the
plane, the angle o f elevation o f the bottom o f the flagstaff is 3 0 and that o f the top o f the flagstaff is 4 5 . Find
the height o f the tower.
7V3
In this figure, 8! and 8
1-
tan8
a)
tan 8,
Illustrative Example
Lv
Soln:
AC
3000
CD
3000
x=
....(i)
Again, in A B C D
3.
73"-
m b )
VTI
m c )
V3^T
7V3
m d )
V3"" T
Answers
1. a;
P R A C T I C E B O O K ON Q U I C K E R MATHS
634
-7 =
since =
AC
4^-7
-\
= 102x = 90m
17
have
2.b
17
VJ-i
=>AB = ACx~
=
_ x 102 = 90 metres.
Vl5 +8
2
3. a
Exercise
Rule 9
1.
2.
a) 78.05 m
b)75m
c) 316 m
d) Data inadequate
In this figure, A C = x
4
level ground such that a = , how high is the kite?
tan0 = b
a) 20 m
then,
b)15m
c)24m
d)16m
AB2+
and
4a b
12
level ground such that a = , how high is the kite?
(ii)
BC =
a) 60 m
J a +b
2
b)40m
c)35m
d)25m
Answers
Illustrative Example
Ex:
1. b;
the kite?
Soln:
r x 8 5 = 75
Vl5 +8
2
2. a
_ 15
with the level ground such that <X - , how high is
8
15
;
3.a
Rule 10
Theorem: The angles of depression of two ships from
top of a lighthouse are 8,
and
xtan6, tan8
tan 8, + t a n 8
tan8, + t a n 8 ,
IS
17
tan 8, + t a n 2 J
0
In AABC
metres and
the
xtan8.
given by
the
metres.
635
120 x tan 30
the required answer
tan 4 5 + t a n 3 0
'20
1 + V3
*,
* 44 metres.
Exercise
1.
Illustrative Example
EK
are 60 and 30. Find the distance between the two boats.
a) 400 m
b)250m
c) 200^3 d) 400^3 m
xm
yV
30
4 5
1
a) 2 km
, 3V2
c) km
b) - km
2
d) km
2
;
a)60m
b)61m
.
c)62m
d)63m
B
120
120 m
Since M N || PQ
N A Q = angle A Q B = 4 5
a) 36.6 m
b) 73.2m
Answers
In A A B P
tan 30 =
J_
AB
BP
U
y = xfi
c) 136.6m
la;
H i n t 100V3
x tan 6 0 x tan 30
y
....(i)
Again, in AABQ
tan 45 =
120->>
BQ
=> x = 1
izu-y
20-y
(ii)
\20-xfi
x =
120
f tan 6 0 + tan 30
,-. .x = 100V3|
' [ t a n 6 0 x tan 30
44m
1 + V3
Q u i c k e r M e t h o d : A p p l y i n g the above theorem, we
have
= 100A/3
fi_ = 400 m
d)68.3m
636
b;
Hint:
Pf'fdmark)
River Bank
tan P - tan a
/itana
units.
(Seetheflgure)-^_
xma
Note:
River Bank
r7 units.
tanp
1 km
Required width (PO)
1 x tan 45 x tan 45
lxlxl
3. d;
i 4 5 4 tan 4 5
Hint: Required dis.zuce (x)
1
gas lcTT)
1+1
II
"tan 4 5 + t a n 6 0
tan 4 5
*40
x tan 6 0
B
Illustrative Example
Ex:
Soln:
40 n \
60\
/V
5
' l +VT
120 x tan 4 5
the height o f the tower =
40 * 63 m
120
tan 4 5 + t a n 30
1-
tan 4 5 - t a n 30
120x1.732
.732
* 284 metres
fi
Exercise
1.
= 5o(V3-l) =
5 0 x 0 . 7 3 2 = 36.6 m
2.
Rule 11
Thoerem: From the top and bottom of a building of height
h units, the angles of elevation of the top of a tower are a
and P respectively, then the (i) height of the tower is given
by
/?tanp
tan P - tan a
3.
b) 12.6m, 17.3m
c) 12 m , io-y/3 m
d) Data inadequate
The top o f a 15 metre-high tower makes an angle of elevation o f 6 0 with the bottom o f an electric pole anc x
angle o f elevation o f 3 0 with the top o f the pole. W :m
is the height o f the electric pole?
[SBI Bank P O Exam, 1 fA
a)5m
b)8m
c)10m
d)12m
From the top o f a building 30 m high, the top and bon:
o f a tower are observed to have angles o f depress m
3 0 and 4 5 respectively. The height o f the tower
637
b) 3 o ( V 3 - l ) m
a) 15(l + V3") m
3. d;
1
+ -^Jin
d ) 330!
0 ^ 1 - - ) = - 1;
d)
b) 42.5 m
c) 43.3 m
30 m
d) 14.4 m
H is given = 30
Answers
: b; Hint: Here, a = 4 5 and P = 6 0
a = 3 0 and P = 4 5
Now, applying the given rule, we have
45,
60
30 =
/?xtan45
tan 4 5 - t a n 30
H=30m
tan 4 5 - t a n 3 0
.-. h = 30]
h=?
Man 60
25 x tan 6 0
tan 6 0 - t a n 4 5
.. h =
tan 4 5
4. a; Hint: Required height o f the column (H)
30
tan 6 0 - t a n 4 5
x 3 0 = 30
12.6 m
tan 6 0
h = height o f the building.
H
30
tan 60
= ^
25 m
60
= 10V3 =17.3 m
25V3
- i
c;
Hint: 1 5 =
10^3 = 17.3
"73
/i(tan 6 0 )
\00j3 d)
100
m
15x
_ 15x(tan60-tan30)
tan 6 0
c)
2.
15 m
:.h =
tan 6 0 - t a n 3 0
A
= 37.5 m
Miscellaneous
1.
30
75
3-1
25x3
a) 9 c m
V3
4.
b) 9^3 c m
c)27cm
d)36cm
638
5.
a) 9 0 V J m
a) 200 m
7.
c)180m
d)45m
6.
b) 4 5 ^ 3 m
2 0
(f-'>
c)ioV3"
b)io
a )
8.
9.
10.
2V2"
kfi
b) ^3
nun
c) 1.5 min
3 )
b)
2. a;
"I AB=100V3
a) 20 m
b) 28.28 m
c) 14.14 m
d)40m
The angle o f elevation o f an aeroplane from a point on
the ground is 45. After 15 second's flight, the elevation
changes to 3 0 . I f the aeroplane is flying at a height o f
d)
Br^ 2
Let Z E B D = Z A C B = a
Now,
DE
AB
= tana and = tana
DE
AB
= So,DE = A B [ v B E = A C ]
.'. C D = C E + D E = A B + A B = 2 A B = 50 m
3.b;
H i n t : L e t A B C D be the r e c t a n g l e
in whic'r
ZBAC = 3 0 and A C = 6 cm
d) 3 min
12.
1. c;
a) 3 V3
d) None of these
ot/M
k
c
c)30m
Answers
V3
V3
The angles o f elevation o f the top o f a tower from two
points distant 30 m and 40 m on either side from the base
and in the same straight line with it are complementary.
The height o f the tower is
.
a) 34.64 m
b) 69.28 m
c) 23.09 m
d) 11.54 m
Two posts are k metres apart and the height o f one is
double that o f the other. I f from the middle point o f the
line joining their feet, an observer finds the angular elevations o f their tops to be complementary, then the
height (in metres) o f the shorter post is
.
b)
b)500m
AB
AB
5V3
6
c)
''6
d)
~' 5
BC
1
= sin30 = - :
AC
2
BC
BC = 3 cm
639
= 9-^3 c m
7. a;
Hint: Let
and ZAMB = 9 0 - 6 .
Clearly, C M = M 4 = ^ -
Let C D = A Then, AB = 2A
HK = 9 0 m & ZAHK
= 60
Now,
= t a n ( 9 0 - 0) = cot 0
AM
D
HK
= in60 = ^
m
90
2
>
c = COt 0
=>
4 5 a / 3
4/;
=>COt0 =
Then,
= 3 0 and ZEBC
....(/)
CD
fo
= tan 0 => tan 0 =
= ZACB = 4 5
CM
Let DE = x Clearly, EC - AB = 20 m
Ah 2h
~r ~r
AC
= cot45 = l
AB
:.h
= \=> AC = 20 m
8.c;
20
= => h =
2V2
metres
.-. BE = AC = 20m
DE
_
1
Now,^ =t a n 3 0 ~ ^
1
=-
20
.-. HeightofpillarCD = 2 0 + x = 2 0 +
20
= -7ym
2o(V3+l)
rj^=
AB = 20 m and ZBAC = 4 5
Hint: Let AB be the tower and C, D be the points o f
observation.
Then, AC = 30 m & AD = 40 m
Now
'
xi
Now, tan 0 =
AB
AC
tan(9O-0) =
or cot 0 =
AB
30
AB
AB
AD
40
IN0W
9. c;
BC
.
" =
AB
s
n 4
...
1
= -7=
V2
5
20xV2
2
BC
=>
1
=
20
~F=
V2
= ] 4 ] 4 m
&
BDIOD.
AB
40
300Qm
AB
1200
640
Let AB = h.
Then, ZDOB = 3 0 ,
ZDOA = 4 5 &AC = BD = 3000 m.
.: = cot 30 = S
DB
=>OD = (3000 x
S) m
OD-OC
Then, BC = h Let O be the observer.
5
Then, ZAOC
= 4 5 and Z/4<3B = 9 .
1
) Q
x 60 x 60 I
k m
= cot45 = l
0/4
h + -h
5
/ h r = 527 km/hr
.-. tan 6 =
04 = - / j
5
12. d;
AB
OA ~ 6 ^ " 6
And, = col30
AB
fih
= fi => AC =
f
CD = AC-
JL
AD = fih-
2h
,
Now,
2h
= 6u :
:. CD
n
D
A
~^
AB
Now, - ^ - = t a n 3 0 = - = r = > x - 2 0 0 = =
AB
VJ
VJ
6u => h = 3A/3!(
Also,
3V3 w
=
= t a n 6 0 = V3
.
3
x + 200 = (/15)V3
Time taken by trawler to reach A
11. c;
Distance AD
3u
speed
3min.
V3(x-200) =
.-. C5 = 400 m
x + 200
or,
= 400