Jumeras, Mark Allan Jay C.

Villavicencio, Kamelah
Buenaflor, Kim
RZ101 7:30-9:30
Prof. Salazar

Chapter 21
The Second Homecoming and The Liga Filipina
June 1892 Rizal second homecoming, his first was on August 1887.
Rizal believed that the fight for Filipino liberties had assumed a new phase; it must
be fought in the Philippines. The battlefield is in the Philippines, there is where we
should meet, there we will help one another, there together we will suffer or
triumph perhaps, he told countrymen in Europe.
December 31, 1891 he sent a letter to Blumentritt, I believe that La Solidaridad is
no longer our battlefield; now it is a new struggle... the fight is no longer in Madrid.
Arival in Manila with Sister.
June 26, 1892 Rizal and his widowed sister Lucia arrived in Manila.
I arrived at Manila on 26 June (1892), Sunday, at 12:00 noon. I was met by many
carabineers headed by a major. There were in addition one captain and one
sergeant of the Veteran Civil Guard. I came down with my luggage and they
inspected me at the customhouse. From there I went to Hotel de Oriente where I
occupied room NO. 22, facing the church of Binondo.
4:00 pm, June 26, 1892 Rizal went to Malacaan Palace to talk to Spanish
Governor General Eulogio Despujol, Conde De Caspe. He was told to come back at
night at 7:00.
7:00 pm, June 26, 1892 Rizal returned to Malacaang Palace and was able to
confer with Governor General Espujol, who agreed to pardon his father but not the
rest of his family and told him to return on Wednesday (June 29).
After his brief interview with the governor general, he visited his sisters in the city.
First Narcisa (Sisa) and later Saturnina (Neneng).
Visiting Friends in Central Luzon.

6:00 pm, June 27 Rizal boarded a train in Tutuban Station and visited his friends in
Malolos, San Fernando, Tarlac and Bacolor. He was welcomed and entertained.
These friends were good patriots, who were his supporters in the reform crusade
and he took the opportunity to greet them personally and discussed the problems
affecting their people.
5:00 pm, June 28 Rizal returned to Manila, whether he knew it or not, he was
shadowed by government spies who watched carefully his every movement. The
homes he had visited were raided by the Guardia Civil which seized some copies of
the Noli and Fili and some subversive pamphlets.
Other Interviews with Despujol.
After Rizals visit to his friends, he had other interviews with Governor General
Despujol. These interviews were recorded in his diary.
On Wedsnesday (June 29 ) at 7:30, I saw his Excellency. I did not succeed to
have the penalty of exile lifted, but he gave me hope with regard to my sisters. As it
was the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul our interview ended at 9:15. I was to come
again the following day at 7:30.
The following day, Thursday (June 30), we talked about the question of
Borneo. The general was opposed to it, very much opposed. He told me to come
back Sunday.
On Sunday (July 3) I returned. We talked about sundry things and I thank him
for having lifted the exile of my sisters. I told him that my father and brother would
arrive on the first boat. He asked me if I would like to go abroad to Hong Kong. I told
him yes. He told me to return on Wedsnesday.
Founding of the Liga Filipina.
Evening of Sunday, July 3, 1892 Rizal attended a meeting of the patriots at the
home of the Chinese-Filipino mestizo, Doroteo Ongjunco, on Ylaya Street, Tondo,
Manila. Among those present were
Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira) Mason and school teacher
Domingo Franco (Felipe Leal) Mason and tobacco shopkeeper
Jose A. Ramos (Socorro) engraver, printer, owner of Bazar Grand Bretaa, first
Worshipful Master of Nilad, and first Filipino Masonic lodge
Ambrosio Salvador gobernadorcillo of Quiapo and Mason
Bonifacio Arevalo (Harem) dentist and Mason
Deodato Arellano brother-in-law of M.H. del Pilar and civilian employee in the army

Ambrosio Flores (Musa) retired lieutenant of infantry

Agustin de la Rosa bookkeeper and Mason
Moises Salvador (Araw) contractor and Mason
Luis Villareal tailor and Mason
Faustino Villaruel (Ilaw) pharmacist and Mason
Mariano Crisostomo landlord
Numeriano Adriano (Ipil) notary public and Mason
Estanislao Legaspi artisan and Mason
Teodoro Plata court clerk and Mason
Andres Bonifacio warehouse employee
Apolinario Mabini (Katabay) lawyer and Mason
Juan Zulueta playwright, poet, and government employee
Rizal explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina, a civic league of Filipinos, which
he desired to establish and its role in the socio-economic life of the people. He
presented the Constitution of the Liga which he had written in Hong Kong and
discussed its provisions. The patriots were favorably impressed and gladly approved
the establishment of the Liga.
The officers of the new league were elected, as follows: Ambrosio Salvador,
president; Deodato Areliano, secretary; Bonifacio Arevalo, treasurer; and Agustin de
la Rosa, fiscal.
Constitution of the Liga Filipina.
The aims of the Liga Filipina, as embodied in its Constitution, were the following:
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body.
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity.
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce.
5. Study and application of reforms.
The motto of the Liga Filipina was: Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All).

The governing body of the league was the Supreme Council which had jurisdiction
over the whole country. It was composed of a president, secretary, a treasurer, and
a fiscal. There was a Provincial Council in every province and a Popular Council in
every town.
All Filipinos who have at heart the welfare of their fatherland are qualified for
membership. Every member pays an entrance fee of two pesos and a monthly fee
of 10 centavos.
The duties of the Liga members are as follows:
1. obey the orders of the Supreme Council
2. to help in recruiting new members
3. to keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga authorities
4. to have a symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes president of
his council
5. to report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affects the Liga
6. to behave well as befits a good Filipino
7. to help fellow members in all ways

Rizal Arrested and Jailed in Fort Santiago

Wednesday, July 6 Rizal went to Malacaan Palace to resume his series of
interviews with the governor general. During this interview Governor General
Despujol suddenly show him some printed leaflets which were entitled Pobres
Frailes (Poor Friars) under the authorship of Fr. Jacinto and printed by the Imprenta
de los Amigos del Pais, Manila. They were a satire against the rich Dominican friars
who amassed fabulous riches contrary to their monastic vow of poverty.
Rizal vigorously denied having those leaflets in either his or Lucias baggage, which
had been thoroughly searched upon their arrival from Hong Kong by the custom
authorities who found nothing. Despite his denial and insistent demand for
investigation in accordance with the due process of law, he was placed under arrest
and escorted to Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol, nephew and aid of Governor
General Despujol. In Fort Santiago, he was kept incommunicado, as he related in his
diary.
They assigned me a fairly furnished room with a bed, a dozen chairs, one table, a
wash basin, and a mirror. The room had three windows; one without grill which
opens on a patio, another with grills which look out on the city walls and the beach

and another which was the door closed with a padlock. Two artillery men as
sentinels guarded it. They had orders to fire on anyone who might singal from the
beach. I could not write nor speak with any one except officer on duty.

Arbitrary Deportation to Dapitan

The same issue of the Gaceta (July 7, 1892) contained Governor General Despujols
decree deporting Rizal to one of the islands in the South. The gubernatorial decree
gave the reasons for Rizals deportation, as follows:
1. Rizal had published books and articles abroad which showed disloyalty to Spain
and which were frankly anti-Catholic and imprudent anti-friar.
2. A few hours after his arrival in Manila there was found in one of the packages a
bundle of handbills entitled Pobres Frailes in which the patient and humble
generosity of Filipinos is satirized, and which accusation is published against the
customs of the religious orders.
3. His novel El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the memory of three traitors
(Bugos, Gomez, and Zamora), and on the title page he wrote that in view of the
vices and errors of the Spanish administration, the only salvation for the
Philippines was separation from the mother country.
4. The end which pursues in his efforts and writings is to tear from the loyal Filipino
breasts the treasures of our holy Catholic faith.
Shortly after midnight of July 14(that is 12:30am of July 15, 1892), Rizal was brought
under heavy guard to the steamer Cebu which was sailing for Dapitan. This steamer
under Captain Delgras departed at 1:00am, July 15, sailing south, passing Mindoro
and Panay, and reaching Dapitan on Sunday, the 17 th of July, at 7:00 in the evening.
Captain Delgras went to ashore and handed Rizal over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero,
Spanish commandant of Dapitan. That same night, July 17, 1892. Rizal began his
exile in lonely Dapitan which would last until July 31, 1896, a period of four years.