EWI/OCT 2010/MEC442/KJM492

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

FLUID MECHANICS II

COURSE CODE

MEC442/KJM492

EXAMINATION

OCTOBER 2010

TIME

3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.

This question paper consists of six (6) questions.

2.

Answer any five (5) questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.
Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.
Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i)
ii)
iii)

the Question Paper

an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty
a one - page Appendix 1

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 5 printed pages
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EM/OCT 2010/MEC442/KJM492

QUESTION 1
a)

A velocity field is represented by

V = (2x- 4)/ + Cyj + 5tk ,

where x and y are measured in meters.

i)

Determine the value of C for the flow field to be incompressible.

ii)

Calculate the acceleration of a fluid particle located at the point (x,y) = (3,2)
(10 marks)

b)

A steady incompressible, two-dimensional velocity field is given by

V = (l + 2.5* + y)i + ( - 0.5 -1.5x - 2.5y)j

in the x-y plane where x and y are in meters,

i)

Test whether this expression satisfies the continuity equation.

ii)

Determine if there are any stagnation points in this flow-field and if so, specify the
locations.
(10 marks)

QUESTION 2
a)

Explain briefly by using superposition principle, how the stream function for flow past a
circular cylinder without circulation is obtained for potential flow.
(10 marks)

b)

A source with a strength 0.2 m3/s/m and an irrotational vortex with strength 1.0 m2/s/m are
located at the origin.
i)

Determine the equation for velocity potential and stream function,

ii)

Find the velocity components at (1.0, 0.5) m.

(10 marks)

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EM/OCT 2010/MEC442/KJM492

QUESTION 3
a)

Evaluate 878 and 9/8 for the turbulent velocity profile

fy]
(8 marks)

b)

A thin flat plate is installed in a water tunnel as a splitter. The plate is 0.3 m long and 1m
wide. The free stream velocity is 1.6 m/s. Laminar boundary layers form on both sides of the
plate. The boundary layer velocity profile is approximated as parabolic

TT.

V V2
KSJ

\ J

Determine the total viscous drag force on the plate assuming that the pressure drag is
negligible. Assume the kinematic viscosity, v = 1x10" m Is.
(12 marks)

QUESTION 4
a)

Outline carefully the derivation of the following equations relating temperature, 7", density, p,
and pressure, P to the Mach number, M, in isentropic flow. The subscript 0 refers to
isentropic stagnation conditions and y is the ratio of specific heats.
r

"'

b)

(?) = i + r-n M

\r J

(10 marks)

A convergent-divergent nozzle is to be designed to deliver 0.33 kg/s of air (y=1.4, Cp=1007

J/kg K) at a velocity of 750 m/s at the exit. If the stagnation pressure and temperatures are 5
bar and 310 K, calculate the throat and exit areas of the nozzle and also the discharge
pressure.
(10 marks)

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EM/OCT 2010/MEC442/KJM492

QUESTION 5
a)

b)

The requirement for water circulation in an Olympic size swimming pool consists of pumping
water continuously to the inlets located at the base of the swimming pool measuring 50 m
long by 30 m wide by 1.8 m deep as shown in Figure Q5. The over flow channels at the top
water level of the pool drains into a balancing tank the volume of which is approximately
15% of the volume of the swimming pool. If the pressure head losses through each of the
pipe fittings and sand filter may be assumed to be 0.5V2/2g, and the requirement for flow
rate being to replace the entire pool water once every 6 hours, using a flow velocity of 1.6
m/s maximum,
i)

Determine the appropriate diameter of the pipes to be used.

ii)

Calculate the total pressure head required for pump to deliver if the total equivalent
length of pipe used is 100 m and the friction factor f=0.001.

iii)

Determine the power required to pump the water round assuming no losses.
(12 marks)

Explain at least four important design considerations behind the use of balancing tank for
swimming pool installations.
(8 marks)

Overflow gutter
Balancing Tank
Olympic size pool SO m by 30 m
by 1.8 m deep

Sand filter
Pump

valves

Figure Q5

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EM/OCT 2010/MEC442/KJM492

QUESTION 6
Due to poor workmanship in the construction of the Olympic size swimming pool the dimensions
of which are given in Q5, a 1 m wide horizontal hair-line crack appeared at the bottom of a vertical
wall of the pool.
a)

Employing Navier-Stokes equation or otherwise, determine the velocity profile in the

horizontal crack if the thickness of the wall is 300 mm and the uniform gap width h is 1 mm
with atmospheric pressure acting on the outside wall.
(10 marks)

b)

Hence calculate the total volumetric flow due to this leakage from the hair-line crack. You
may assume the absolute viscosity for water to be ^=0.001 kg/ms and that the density as
1=1000 kg/m3.
(10 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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APPENDIX 1

EM/OCT 2010/MEC442/KJM492

FORMULA LIST
Equations of Motion in Cartesian Coordinate System.

du
d/

du
Ar

du
r9y

du\
dz

i>

dp
dx

Id~u
\dx2

d~u
dv2

.,>

d~u
dz2

(y direction)
(dv
c)V
dv
dv\
dp
(d2V
d2v
d2v\
p + u
h v + w ) = - + p + a \ j2 H
r + z)
\dt
dx
dy.
dzj
By

^ \dx
dy7
dZ2J
(z direction)
(dw

dw

dw

dw\

P T~ + " + V + w
\M
dx
8y
dzj

dp

+ pg. +
dz
-

(' drw

UL

d2W

d2w\

7 + 72 + 7
\dx2
dy
dz2 J

Equations of Motion in Cylindrical Coordinate System.

Continuity:

-^-(rvr)+r dr

(v6) + (vz) = 0
r ad
dz

Convective time derivative:

Laplacian operator:

_2

i a /

a\

, az

The r-momentum equation:

dvr

a,+

The 0-momentum equation:

The z-momentum equation:

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